llama : llm_type order by size (#13177)

* llava : add clip_n_output_tokens, deprecate clip_n_patches

* mtmd : add qwen2vl and qwen2.5vl

* decode_embd_batch::set_position_...

* working version

* deprecate llama-qwen2vl-cli

* correct order W, H of clip_embd_nbytes_by_img

* edit existing line in hot topics

.clang-tidy

@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ Checks: >
     -readability-magic-numbers,
     -readability-uppercase-literal-suffix,
     -readability-simplify-boolean-expr,
+    -readability-math-missing-parentheses,
     clang-analyzer-*,
     -clang-analyzer-security.insecureAPI.DeprecatedOrUnsafeBufferHandling,
     performance-*,

.devops/cpu.Dockerfile

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ WORKDIR /app
 COPY . .
 
 RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH" = "amd64" ]; then \
-        cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON; \
+        cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON; \
     elif [ "$TARGETARCH" = "arm64" ]; then \
-        cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=${GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH}; \
+        cmake -S . -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=${GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH}; \
     else \
         echo "Unsupported architecture"; \
         exit 1; \

.devops/cuda.Dockerfile

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ COPY . .
 RUN if [ "${CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH}" != "default" ]; then \
     export CMAKE_ARGS="-DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=${CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH}"; \
     fi && \
-    cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=ON ${CMAKE_ARGS} -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined . && \
+    cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON ${CMAKE_ARGS} -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined . && \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \

.devops/intel.Dockerfile

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ RUN if [ "${GGML_SYCL_F16}" = "ON" ]; then \
         && export OPT_SYCL_F16="-DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON"; \
     fi && \
     echo "Building with dynamic libs" && \
-    cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_CURL=ON ${OPT_SYCL_F16} && \
+    cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON ${OPT_SYCL_F16} && \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \

.devops/llama-cli-cann.Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG ASCEND_VERSION=8.0.rc2.alpha003-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.8
+ARG ASCEND_VERSION=8.1.RC1.alpha001-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10
 
 FROM ascendai/cann:$ASCEND_VERSION AS build
 
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ WORKDIR /app
 
 COPY . .
 
-RUN yum install -y gcc g++ cmake make
+RUN yum install -y gcc g++ cmake make libcurl-devel
 ENV ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME=/usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/latest
 ENV LIBRARY_PATH=${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/lib64:$LIBRARY_PATH
 ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/lib64:${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/lib64/plugin/opskernel:${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/lib64/plugin/nnengine:${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/opp/built-in/op_impl/ai_core/tbe/op_tiling:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}

.devops/musa.Dockerfile

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ COPY . .
 RUN if [ "${MUSA_DOCKER_ARCH}" != "default" ]; then \
         export CMAKE_ARGS="-DMUSA_ARCHITECTURES=${MUSA_DOCKER_ARCH}"; \
     fi && \
-    cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_MUSA=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=ON ${CMAKE_ARGS} -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined . && \
+    cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_MUSA=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON ${CMAKE_ARGS} -DCMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS=-Wl,--allow-shlib-undefined . && \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \

.devops/rocm.Dockerfile

@@ -17,8 +17,8 @@ FROM ${BASE_ROCM_DEV_CONTAINER} AS build
 # gfx906 is deprecated
 #check https://rocm.docs.amd.com/projects/install-on-linux/en/docs-6.2.4/reference/system-requirements.html
 
-#ARG ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH='gfx803,gfx900,gfx906,gfx908,gfx90a,gfx942,gfx1010,gfx1030,gfx1032,gfx1100,gfx1101,gfx1102'
-ARG ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH=gfx1100
+ARG ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH='gfx803,gfx900,gfx906,gfx908,gfx90a,gfx942,gfx1010,gfx1030,gfx1032,gfx1100,gfx1101,gfx1102'
+#ARG ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH=gfx1100
 
 # Set nvcc architectured
 ENV AMDGPU_TARGETS=${ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH}
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ WORKDIR /app
 COPY . .
 
 RUN HIPCXX="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" HIP_PATH="$(hipconfig -R)" \
-    cmake -S . -B build -DGGML_HIP=ON -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=$ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
+    cmake -S . -B build -DGGML_HIP=ON -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=$ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
     && cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib \

.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ WORKDIR /app
 
 COPY . .
 
-RUN cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_VULKAN=1 -DLLAMA_CURL=1 && \
+RUN cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_VULKAN=1 -DLLAMA_CURL=1 -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON && \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \

.github/actions/windows-setup-curl/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: 'Windows - Setup CURL'
+description: 'Composite action, to be reused in other workflow'
+inputs:
+  curl_version:
+    description: 'CURL version'
+    required: false
+    default: '8.6.0_6'
+outputs:
+  curl_path:
+    description: "Path to the downloaded libcurl"
+    value: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: libCURL
+      id: get_libcurl
+      shell: powershell
+      env:
+        CURL_VERSION: ${{ inputs.curl_version }}
+      run: |
+        curl.exe -o $env:RUNNER_TEMP/curl.zip -L "https://curl.se/windows/dl-${env:CURL_VERSION}/curl-${env:CURL_VERSION}-win64-mingw.zip"
+        mkdir $env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl
+        tar.exe -xvf $env:RUNNER_TEMP/curl.zip --strip-components=1 -C $env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl
+        echo "curl_path=$env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl" >> $env:GITHUB_OUTPUT

.github/workflows/bench.yml.disabled

@@ -104,7 +104,6 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build \
               -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
               -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON \
-              -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
               -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=ON \
               -DCUDAToolkit_ROOT=/usr/local/cuda \
               -DCMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER=/usr/local/cuda/bin/nvcc \

.github/workflows/build-linux-cross.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+name: Build on Linux using cross-compiler
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  workflow_call:
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-latest-riscv64-cpu-cross:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Setup Riscv
+        run: |
+          sudo dpkg --add-architecture riscv64
+          sudo sed -i 's|http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports|g' \
+                 /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/apt-mirrors.txt
+          sudo apt-get clean
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+                  build-essential \
+                  gcc-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
+                  g++-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
+                  libcurl4-openssl-dev:riscv64
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+                         -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
+                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=riscv64 \
+                         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 \
+                         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14 \
+                         -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM=NEVER \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=BOTH
+
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+  ubuntu-latest-riscv64-vulkan-cross:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Riscv
+        run: |
+          sudo dpkg --add-architecture riscv64
+          sudo sed -i 's|http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports|g' \
+                 /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/apt-mirrors.txt
+          sudo apt-get clean
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+                  build-essential \
+                  glslc \
+                  gcc-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
+                  g++-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
+                  libvulkan-dev:riscv64 \
+                  libcurl4-openssl-dev:riscv64
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+                         -DGGML_VULKAN=ON \
+                         -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
+                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=riscv64 \
+                         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 \
+                         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14 \
+                         -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM=NEVER \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=BOTH
+
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+  ubuntu-latest-arm64-vulkan-cross:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Arm64
+        run: |
+          sudo dpkg --add-architecture arm64
+          sudo sed -i 's|http://azure.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports|g' \
+                 /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/apt-mirrors.txt
+          sudo apt-get clean
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+                  build-essential \
+                  glslc \
+                  crossbuild-essential-arm64 \
+                  libvulkan-dev:arm64 \
+                  libcurl4-openssl-dev:arm64
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+                         -DGGML_VULKAN=ON \
+                         -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
+                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=aarch64 \
+                         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=aarch64-linux-gnu-gcc \
+                         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=aarch64-linux-gnu-g++ \
+                         -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-gnu \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM=NEVER \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY \
+                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=BOTH
+
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/build.yml', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.cuh', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.metal', '**/*.comp']
+    paths: ['.github/workflows/build.yml', '.github/workflows/build-linux-cross.yml', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.cuh', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.metal', '**/*.comp']
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
     paths: ['.github/workflows/build.yml', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.cuh', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.metal', '**/*.comp']
@@ -54,6 +54,7 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
         run: |
           brew update
+          brew install curl
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -62,7 +63,6 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_RPATH="@loader_path" \
             -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
-            -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
             -DGGML_RPC=ON
@@ -92,7 +92,6 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
-          cp examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE ./build/bin/LICENSE.linenoise.cpp
           zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-macos-arm64.zip ./build/bin/*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -123,6 +122,7 @@ jobs:
         continue-on-error: true
         run: |
           brew update
+          brew install curl
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -133,7 +133,6 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build \
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_RPATH="@loader_path" \
             -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
-            -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL=OFF \
             -DGGML_RPC=ON
           cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)
@@ -162,7 +161,6 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
-          cp examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE ./build/bin/LICENSE.linenoise.cpp
           zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-macos-x64.zip ./build/bin/*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -207,7 +205,6 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake -B build \
             -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
-            -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
             -DGGML_RPC=ON
           cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
@@ -246,7 +243,6 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
-          cp examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE ./build/bin/LICENSE.linenoise.cpp
           zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-${{ matrix.build }}.zip ./build/bin/*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -281,7 +277,7 @@ jobs:
         id: depends
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install build-essential
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -322,7 +318,7 @@ jobs:
         id: depends
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install build-essential
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -360,7 +356,7 @@ jobs:
         id: depends
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install build-essential
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -397,7 +393,7 @@ jobs:
           wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | sudo apt-key add -
           sudo wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list
           sudo apt-get update -y
-          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-sdk
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-sdk libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -431,7 +427,6 @@ jobs:
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
-          cp examples/run/linenoise.cpp/LICENSE ./build/bin/LICENSE.linenoise.cpp
           zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-x64.zip ./build/bin/*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -454,7 +449,7 @@ jobs:
         id: depends
         run: |
           sudo apt-get update
-          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake rocblas-dev hipblas-dev
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake rocblas-dev hipblas-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: ccache
         uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
@@ -530,7 +525,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp
+          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: install oneAPI MKL library
         shell: bash
@@ -578,7 +573,7 @@ jobs:
         shell: bash
         run: |
           sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp
+          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
       - name: install oneAPI MKL library
         shell: bash
@@ -606,6 +601,10 @@ jobs:
             -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON
           cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
+# Disabled for now due to sporadic issue syncing.
+#  build-linux-cross:
+#    uses: ./.github/workflows/build-linux-cross.yml
+
   macOS-latest-cmake-ios:
     runs-on: macos-latest
 
@@ -633,6 +632,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
@@ -668,6 +668,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
@@ -697,6 +698,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
@@ -736,6 +738,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
@@ -896,10 +899,17 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/opencl-arm64-release"
           cmake --build build-arm64-release --target install --config release
 
+      - name: libCURL
+        id: get_libcurl
+        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-curl
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
-          cmake -S . -B build ${{ matrix.defines }}
+          cmake -S . -B build ${{ matrix.defines }} `
+            -DCURL_LIBRARY="$env:CURL_PATH/lib/libcurl.dll.a" -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR="$env:CURL_PATH/include"
           cmake --build build --config Release -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
 
       - name: Add libopenblas.dll
@@ -959,9 +969,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Pack artifacts
         id: pack_artifacts
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
-          Copy-Item LICENSE .\build\bin\Release\llama.cpp.txt
-          Copy-Item .\examples\run\linenoise.cpp\LICENSE .\build\bin\Release\linenoise.cpp.txt
+          Copy-Item $env:CURL_PATH\bin\libcurl-x64.dll .\build\bin\Release\libcurl-x64.dll
           7z a llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-${{ matrix.build }}.zip .\build\bin\Release\*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -987,7 +998,7 @@ jobs:
             DEBIAN_FRONTEND: noninteractive
           run: |
               apt update
-              apt install -y cmake build-essential ninja-build libgomp1 git
+              apt install -y cmake build-essential ninja-build libgomp1 git libcurl4-openssl-dev
 
         - name: ccache
           uses: hendrikmuhs/ccache-action@v1.2.16
@@ -1089,16 +1100,23 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           choco install ninja
 
+      - name: libCURL
+        id: get_libcurl
+        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-curl
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         shell: cmd
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
           call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2019\Enterprise\VC\Auxiliary\Build\vcvars64.bat"
           cmake -S . -B build -G "Ninja Multi-Config" ^
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON ^
             -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF ^
             -DGGML_CUDA=ON ^
-            -DGGML_RPC=ON
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON ^
+            -DCURL_LIBRARY="%CURL_PATH%/lib/libcurl.dll.a" -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR="%CURL_PATH%/include"
           set /A NINJA_JOBS=%NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS%-1
           cmake --build build --config Release -j %NINJA_JOBS% -t ggml
           cmake --build build --config Release
@@ -1119,7 +1137,10 @@ jobs:
       - name: Pack artifacts
         id: pack_artifacts
         if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
+          cp $env:CURL_PATH\bin\libcurl-x64.dll .\build\bin\Release\libcurl-x64.dll
           7z a llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-${{ matrix.build }}-cu${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip .\build\bin\Release\*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -1174,6 +1195,8 @@ jobs:
         run:  |
           scripts/install-oneapi.bat $WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL $WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL
 
+      # TODO: add libcurl support ; we will also need to modify win-build-sycl.bat to accept user-specified args
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run:  examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat
@@ -1259,8 +1282,14 @@ jobs:
           key: ${{ github.job }}
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
+      - name: libCURL
+        id: get_libcurl
+        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-curl
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
           $env:HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)
           $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
@@ -1271,9 +1300,11 @@ jobs:
             -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
             -DGGML_HIP=ON `
             -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON `
-            -DGGML_RPC=ON
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON `
+            -DCURL_LIBRARY="$env:CURL_PATH/lib/libcurl.dll.a" -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR="$env:CURL_PATH/include"
           cmake --build build -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
 
+  # TODO: reuse windows-latest-cmake-hip instead of duplicating this job
   windows-latest-cmake-hip-release:
     if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
     runs-on: windows-latest
@@ -1315,8 +1346,14 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           & 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' --version
 
+      - name: libCURL
+        id: get_libcurl
+        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-curl
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
           $env:HIP_PATH=$(Resolve-Path 'C:\Program Files\AMD\ROCm\*\bin\clang.exe' | split-path | split-path)
           $env:CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="${env:HIP_PATH}"
@@ -1328,7 +1365,8 @@ jobs:
             -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=${{ matrix.gpu_target }} `
             -DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON `
             -DGGML_HIP=ON `
-            -DGGML_RPC=ON
+            -DGGML_RPC=ON `
+            -DCURL_LIBRARY="$env:CURL_PATH/lib/libcurl.dll.a" -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR="$env:CURL_PATH/include"
           cmake --build build -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS}
           md "build\bin\rocblas\library\"
           cp "${env:HIP_PATH}\bin\hipblas.dll" "build\bin\"
@@ -1350,7 +1388,10 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Pack artifacts
         id: pack_artifacts
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
+          cp $env:CURL_PATH\bin\libcurl-x64.dll .\build\bin\libcurl-x64.dll
           7z a llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-hip-x64-${{ matrix.gpu_target }}.zip .\build\bin\*
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
@@ -1375,6 +1416,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build -G Xcode \
             -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
             -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
@@ -1725,16 +1767,17 @@ jobs:
     if: ${{ github.event_name != 'pull_request' || contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'Ascend NPU') }}
     defaults:
       run:
-       shell: bash -el {0}
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+        shell: bash -el {0}
     strategy:
       matrix:
+        arch: [x86, aarch64]
         cann:
-          - '8.0.rc3.beta1-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10'
+          - '8.1.RC1.alpha001-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10'
         device:
           - 'ascend910b3'
         build:
           - 'Release'
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'aarch64' && 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
     container: ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.cann }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
@@ -1743,7 +1786,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Dependencies
         run: |
           yum update -y
-          yum install -y git gcc gcc-c++ make cmake
+          yum install -y git gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libcurl-devel
 
       - name: Build
         run: |

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ jobs:
       matrix:
         config:
           # Multi-stage build
-          - { tag: "cpu", dockerfile: ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", full: true, light: true, server: true, freediskspace: false}
-          - { tag: "cuda", dockerfile: ".devops/cuda.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, freediskspace: false}
-          - { tag: "musa", dockerfile: ".devops/musa.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, freediskspace: false}
-          - { tag: "intel", dockerfile: ".devops/intel.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, freediskspace: false}
-          - { tag: "vulkan", dockerfile: ".devops/vulkan.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, freediskspace: false}
+          - { tag: "cpu", dockerfile: ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false }
+          - { tag: "cuda", dockerfile: ".devops/cuda.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false }
+          - { tag: "musa", dockerfile: ".devops/musa.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true }
+          - { tag: "intel", dockerfile: ".devops/intel.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false }
+          - { tag: "vulkan", dockerfile: ".devops/vulkan.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false }
           # Note: the rocm images are failing due to a compiler error and are disabled until this is fixed to allow the workflow to complete
-          #- {tag: "rocm", dockerfile: ".devops/rocm.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", full: true, light: true, server: true, freediskspace: true }
+          #- {tag: "rocm", dockerfile: ".devops/rocm.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true }
     steps:
       - name: Check out the repo
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/server.yml

@@ -129,7 +129,6 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build \
               -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
               -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON \
-              -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
               -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} \
               -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
               -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF ;
@@ -142,7 +141,6 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build \
               -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
               -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON \
-              -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
               -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} \
               -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON ;
           cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc) --target llama-server
@@ -154,7 +152,6 @@ jobs:
           cmake -B build \
               -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
               -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON \
-              -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
               -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} ;
           cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc) --target llama-server
 
@@ -195,17 +192,14 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: libCURL
         id: get_libcurl
-        env:
-          CURL_VERSION: 8.6.0_6
-        run: |
-          curl.exe -o $env:RUNNER_TEMP/curl.zip -L "https://curl.se/windows/dl-${env:CURL_VERSION}/curl-${env:CURL_VERSION}-win64-mingw.zip"
-          mkdir $env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl
-          tar.exe -xvf $env:RUNNER_TEMP/curl.zip --strip-components=1 -C $env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl
+        uses: ./.github/actions/windows-setup-curl
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
-          cmake -B build -DLLAMA_CURL=ON -DCURL_LIBRARY="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl/lib/libcurl.dll.a" -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl/include"
+          cmake -B build -DCURL_LIBRARY="$env:CURL_PATH/lib/libcurl.dll.a" -DCURL_INCLUDE_DIR="$env:CURL_PATH/include"
           cmake --build build --config Release -j ${env:NUMBER_OF_PROCESSORS} --target llama-server
 
       - name: Python setup
@@ -221,8 +215,10 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Copy Libcurl
         id: prepare_libcurl
+        env:
+          CURL_PATH: ${{ steps.get_libcurl.outputs.curl_path }}
         run: |
-          cp $env:RUNNER_TEMP/libcurl/bin/libcurl-x64.dll ./build/bin/Release/libcurl-x64.dll
+          cp $env:CURL_PATH/bin/libcurl-x64.dll ./build/bin/Release/libcurl-x64.dll
 
       - name: Tests
         id: server_integration_tests

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ option(LLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES "llama: build examples"       ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
 option(LLAMA_BUILD_SERVER   "llama: build server example" ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
 
 # 3rd party libs
-option(LLAMA_CURL "llama: use libcurl to download model from an URL" OFF)
+option(LLAMA_CURL       "llama: use libcurl to download model from an URL" ON)
 option(LLAMA_LLGUIDANCE "llama-common: include LLGuidance library for structured output in common utils" OFF)
 
 # Required for relocatable CMake package
@@ -168,6 +168,11 @@ add_subdirectory(src)
 # utils, programs, examples and tests
 #
 
+if (NOT LLAMA_BUILD_COMMON)
+    message(STATUS "LLAMA_BUILD_COMMON is OFF, disabling LLAMA_CURL")
+    set(LLAMA_CURL OFF)
+endif()
+
 if (LLAMA_BUILD_COMMON)
     add_subdirectory(common)
 endif()
@@ -242,3 +247,20 @@ configure_file(cmake/llama.pc.in
 
 install(FILES "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/llama.pc"
         DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/pkgconfig)
+
+#
+# copy the license files
+#
+
+# Check if running in GitHub Actions
+if(DEFINED ENV{GITHUB_ACTIONS} AND "$ENV{GITHUB_ACTIONS}" STREQUAL "true")
+    message(STATUS "Running inside GitHub Actions - copying license files")
+
+    # Copy all files from licenses/ to build/bin/
+    file(GLOB LICENSE_FILES "${CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR}/licenses/*")
+    foreach(LICENSE_FILE ${LICENSE_FILES})
+        get_filename_component(FILENAME ${LICENSE_FILE} NAME)
+        configure_file(${LICENSE_FILE} "${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/${FILENAME}" COPYONLY)
+    endforeach()
+endif()
+

Makefile

@@ -780,10 +780,6 @@ ifdef GGML_HIP
 
 	MK_CPPFLAGS += -DGGML_USE_HIP -DGGML_USE_CUDA
 
-ifdef GGML_HIP_UMA
-	MK_CPPFLAGS += -DGGML_HIP_UMA
-endif # GGML_HIP_UMA
-
 	MK_LDFLAGS += -L$(ROCM_PATH)/lib -Wl,-rpath=$(ROCM_PATH)/lib
 	MK_LDFLAGS += -L$(ROCM_PATH)/lib64 -Wl,-rpath=$(ROCM_PATH)/lib64
 	MK_LDFLAGS += -lhipblas -lamdhip64 -lrocblas

README.md

@@ -9,13 +9,6 @@
 
 Inference of Meta's [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model (and others) in pure C/C++
 
-> [!IMPORTANT]
-> New `llama.cpp` package location: [ggml-org/llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pkgs/container/llama.cpp)
->
-> Update your container URLs to: `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp`
->
-> More info: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/11801
-
 ## Recent API changes
 
 - [Changelog for `libllama` API](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/9289)
@@ -23,8 +16,9 @@ Inference of Meta's [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model (and others)
 
 ## Hot topics
 
-- **How to use [MTLResidencySet](https://developer.apple.com/documentation/metal/mtlresidencyset?language=objc) to keep the GPU memory active?** https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/11427
-- **VS Code extension for FIM completions:** https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.vscode
+- **GGML developer experience survey (organized and reviewed by NVIDIA):** [link](https://forms.gle/Gasw3cRgyhNEnrwK9)
+- A new binary `llama-mtmd-cli` is introduced to replace `llava-cli`, `minicpmv-cli`, `gemma3-cli` ([#13012](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13012)) and `qwen2vl-cli` ([#13141]((https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13141))), `libllava` will be deprecated
+- VS Code extension for FIM completions: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.vscode
 - Universal [tool call support](./docs/function-calling.md) in `llama-server` https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/9639
 - Vim/Neovim plugin for FIM completions: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.vim
 - Introducing GGUF-my-LoRA https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/10123
@@ -104,6 +98,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 - [x] [Flan T5](https://huggingface.co/models?search=flan-t5)
 - [x] [Open Elm models](https://huggingface.co/collections/apple/openelm-instruct-models-6619ad295d7ae9f868b759ca)
 - [x] [ChatGLM3-6b](https://huggingface.co/THUDM/chatglm3-6b) + [ChatGLM4-9b](https://huggingface.co/THUDM/glm-4-9b) + [GLMEdge-1.5b](https://huggingface.co/THUDM/glm-edge-1.5b-chat) + [GLMEdge-4b](https://huggingface.co/THUDM/glm-edge-4b-chat)
+- [x] [GLM-4-0414](https://huggingface.co/collections/THUDM/glm-4-0414-67f3cbcb34dd9d252707cb2e)
 - [x] [SmolLM](https://huggingface.co/collections/HuggingFaceTB/smollm-6695016cad7167254ce15966)
 - [x] [EXAONE-3.0-7.8B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/EXAONE-3.0-7.8B-Instruct)
 - [x] [FalconMamba Models](https://huggingface.co/collections/tiiuae/falconmamba-7b-66b9a580324dd1598b0f6d4a)
@@ -247,6 +242,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 | [Vulkan](docs/build.md#vulkan) | GPU |
 | [CANN](docs/build.md#cann) | Ascend NPU |
 | [OpenCL](docs/backend/OPENCL.md) | Adreno GPU |
+| [RPC](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/tree/master/examples/rpc) | All |
 
 ## Building the project
 
@@ -265,7 +261,9 @@ The [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co) platform hosts a [number of LLMs](htt
 - [Trending](https://huggingface.co/models?library=gguf&sort=trending)
 - [LLaMA](https://huggingface.co/models?sort=trending&search=llama+gguf)
 
-You can either manually download the GGUF file or directly use any `llama.cpp`-compatible models from Hugging Face by using this CLI argument: `-hf <user>/<model>[:quant]`
+You can either manually download the GGUF file or directly use any `llama.cpp`-compatible models from [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/) or other model hosting sites, such as [ModelScope](https://modelscope.cn/), by using this CLI argument: `-hf <user>/<model>[:quant]`.
+
+By default, the CLI would download from Hugging Face, you can switch to other options with the environment variable `MODEL_ENDPOINT`. For example, you may opt to downloading model checkpoints from ModelScope or other model sharing communities by setting the environment variable, e.g. `MODEL_ENDPOINT=https://www.modelscope.cn/`.
 
 After downloading a model, use the CLI tools to run it locally - see below.
 
@@ -530,6 +528,35 @@ If your issue is with model generation quality, then please at least scan the fo
     - [Aligning language models to follow instructions](https://openai.com/research/instruction-following)
     - [Training language models to follow instructions with human feedback](https://arxiv.org/abs/2203.02155)
 
+## XCFramework
+The XCFramework is a precompiled version of the library for iOS, visionOS, tvOS,
+and macOS. It can be used in Swift projects without the need to compile the
+library from source. For example:
+```swift
+// swift-tools-version: 5.10
+// The swift-tools-version declares the minimum version of Swift required to build this package.
+
+import PackageDescription
+
+let package = Package(
+    name: "MyLlamaPackage",
+    targets: [
+        .executableTarget(
+            name: "MyLlamaPackage",
+            dependencies: [
+                "LlamaFramework"
+            ]),
+        .binaryTarget(
+            name: "LlamaFramework",
+            url: "https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/b5046/llama-b5046-xcframework.zip",
+            checksum: "c19be78b5f00d8d29a25da41042cb7afa094cbf6280a225abe614b03b20029ab"
+        )
+    ]
+)
+```
+The above example is using an intermediate build `b5046` of the library. This can be modified
+to use a different version by changing the URL and checksum.
+
 ## Completions
 Command-line completion is available for some environments.
 

SECURITY.md

@@ -40,7 +40,8 @@ To protect sensitive data from potential leaks or unauthorized access, it is cru
 ### Untrusted environments or networks
 
 If you can't run your models in a secure and isolated environment or if it must be exposed to an untrusted network, make sure to take the following security precautions:
-* Confirm the hash of any downloaded artifact (e.g. pre-trained model weights) matches a known-good value
+* Do not use the RPC backend, [rpc-server](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/tree/master/examples/rpc) and [llama-server](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/tree/master/examples/server) functionality (see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13061).
+* Confirm the hash of any downloaded artifact (e.g. pre-trained model weights) matches a known-good value.
 * Encrypt your data if sending it over the network.
 
 ### Multi-Tenant environments

build-xcframework.sh

@@ -41,6 +41,11 @@ COMMON_CMAKE_ARGS=(
     -DGGML_OPENMP=${GGML_OPENMP}
 )
 
+XCODE_VERSION=$(xcodebuild -version 2>/dev/null | head -n1 | awk '{ print $2 }')
+MAJOR_VERSION=$(echo $XCODE_VERSION | cut -d. -f1)
+MINOR_VERSION=$(echo $XCODE_VERSION | cut -d. -f2)
+echo "Detected Xcode version: $XCODE_VERSION"
+
 check_required_tool() {
     local tool=$1
     local install_message=$2
@@ -325,21 +330,28 @@ combine_static_libraries() {
 
     # Platform-specific post-processing for device builds
     if [[ "$is_simulator" == "false" ]]; then
-        if command -v vtool &>/dev/null; then
+        if command -v xcrun vtool &>/dev/null; then
             case "$platform" in
                 "ios")
                     echo "Marking binary as a framework binary for iOS..."
-                    vtool -set-build-version ios ${IOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} ${IOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} -replace \
+                    xcrun vtool -set-build-version ios ${IOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} ${IOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} -replace \
                         -output "${base_dir}/${output_lib}" "${base_dir}/${output_lib}"
                     ;;
                 "visionos")
                     echo "Marking binary as a framework binary for visionOS..."
-                    vtool -set-build-version xros ${VISIONOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} ${VISIONOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} -replace \
+                    if [[ "$MAJOR_VERSION" -gt 16 ]] || [[ "$MAJOR_VERSION" -eq 16 && "$MINOR_VERSION" -gt 2 ]]; then
+                        echo "Xcode version greater than 16.2, using visionOS."
+                        VISION_OS_BUILD_VERSION="visionos"
+                    else
+                        echo "Xcode version less than or equal to 16.2, using xros."
+                        VISION_OS_BUILD_VERSION="xros"
+                    fi
+                    xcrun vtool -set-build-version ${VISION_OS_BUILD_VERSION} ${VISIONOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} ${VISIONOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} -replace \
                         -output "${base_dir}/${output_lib}" "${base_dir}/${output_lib}"
                     ;;
                 "tvos")
                     echo "Marking binary as a framework binary for tvOS..."
-                    vtool -set-build-version tvos ${TVOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} ${TVOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} -replace \
+                    xcrun vtool -set-build-version tvos ${TVOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} ${TVOS_MIN_OS_VERSION} -replace \
                         -output "${base_dir}/${output_lib}" "${base_dir}/${output_lib}"
                     ;;
             esac
@@ -399,6 +411,7 @@ cmake -B build-ios-sim -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS=iphonesimulator \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
+    -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-ios-sim --config Release -- -quiet
 
@@ -411,6 +424,7 @@ cmake -B build-ios-device -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS=iphoneos \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
+    -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-ios-device --config Release -- -quiet
 
@@ -421,6 +435,7 @@ cmake -B build-macos -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="arm64;x86_64" \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
+    -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-macos --config Release -- -quiet
 
@@ -434,6 +449,7 @@ cmake -B build-visionos -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS=xros \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
+    -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-visionos --config Release -- -quiet
 
@@ -447,6 +463,7 @@ cmake -B build-visionos-sim -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS=xrsimulator \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
+    -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-visionos-sim --config Release -- -quiet
 
@@ -462,6 +479,7 @@ cmake -B build-tvos-sim -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS=appletvsimulator \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
+    -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-tvos-sim --config Release -- -quiet
 
@@ -476,6 +494,7 @@ cmake -B build-tvos-device -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS=appletvos \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
+    -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-tvos-device --config Release -- -quiet
 

ci/run.sh

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ sd=`dirname $0`
 cd $sd/../
 SRC=`pwd`
 
-CMAKE_EXTRA="-DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON"
+CMAKE_EXTRA="-DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF"
 
 if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_METAL} ]; then
     CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_METAL=ON -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON"
@@ -59,6 +59,8 @@ if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_SYCL} ]; then
     export ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:0"
     # Enable sysman for correct memory reporting
     export ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1
+    # to circumvent precision issues on CPY operations
+    export SYCL_PROGRAM_COMPILE_OPTIONS="-cl-fp32-correctly-rounded-divide-sqrt"
     CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_SYCL=1 -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON"
 fi
 

common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -85,7 +85,10 @@ set(LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS build_info)
 
 # Use curl to download model url
 if (LLAMA_CURL)
-    find_package(CURL REQUIRED)
+    find_package(CURL)
+    if (NOT CURL_FOUND)
+        message(FATAL_ERROR "Could NOT find CURL. Hint: to disable this feature, set -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF")
+    endif()
     target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC LLAMA_USE_CURL)
     include_directories(${CURL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
     find_library(CURL_LIBRARY curl REQUIRED)

common/arg.cpp

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #include "gguf.h" // for reading GGUF splits
 #include "arg.h"
 
+#include "common.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "sampling.h"
 #include "chat.h"
@@ -17,6 +18,7 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <climits>
 #include <cstdarg>
+#include <filesystem>
 #include <fstream>
 #include <regex>
 #include <set>
@@ -36,6 +38,11 @@
 
 using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 
+std::initializer_list<enum llama_example> mmproj_examples = {
+    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA,
+    // TODO: add LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER when it's ready
+};
+
 common_arg & common_arg::set_examples(std::initializer_list<enum llama_example> examples) {
     this->examples = std::move(examples);
     return *this;
@@ -155,12 +162,18 @@ struct common_hf_file_res {
 
 #ifdef LLAMA_USE_CURL
 
+bool common_has_curl() {
+    return true;
+}
+
 #ifdef __linux__
 #include <linux/limits.h>
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
 #   if !defined(PATH_MAX)
 #   define PATH_MAX MAX_PATH
 #   endif
+#elif defined(_AIX)
+#include <sys/limits.h>
 #else
 #include <sys/syslimits.h>
 #endif
@@ -224,12 +237,13 @@ static bool common_download_file_single(const std::string & url, const std::stri
     curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
     curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
 
+    http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, "User-Agent: llama-cpp");
     // Check if hf-token or bearer-token was specified
     if (!bearer_token.empty()) {
         std::string auth_header = "Authorization: Bearer " + bearer_token;
         http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, auth_header.c_str());
-        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, http_headers.ptr);
     }
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, http_headers.ptr);
 
 #if defined(_WIN32)
     // CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA tells libcurl to use standard certificate store of
@@ -517,6 +531,50 @@ static bool common_download_model(
     return true;
 }
 
+std::pair<long, std::vector<char>> common_remote_get_content(const std::string & url, const common_remote_params & params) {
+    curl_ptr       curl(curl_easy_init(), &curl_easy_cleanup);
+    curl_slist_ptr http_headers;
+    std::vector<char> res_buffer;
+
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L);
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_FOLLOWLOCATION, 1L);
+    typedef size_t(*CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR)(void * ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * data);
+    auto write_callback = [](void * ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * data) -> size_t {
+        auto data_vec = static_cast<std::vector<char> *>(data);
+        data_vec->insert(data_vec->end(), (char *)ptr, (char *)ptr + size * nmemb);
+        return size * nmemb;
+    };
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, static_cast<CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR>(write_callback));
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &res_buffer);
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS, CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA);
+#endif
+    if (params.timeout > 0) {
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, params.timeout);
+    }
+    if (params.max_size > 0) {
+        curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_MAXFILESIZE, params.max_size);
+    }
+    http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, "User-Agent: llama-cpp");
+    for (const auto & header : params.headers) {
+        http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, header.c_str());
+    }
+    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, http_headers.ptr);
+
+    CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl.get());
+
+    if (res != CURLE_OK) {
+        std::string error_msg = curl_easy_strerror(res);
+        throw std::runtime_error("error: cannot make GET request: " + error_msg);
+    }
+
+    long res_code;
+    curl_easy_getinfo(curl.get(), CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &res_code);
+
+    return { res_code, std::move(res_buffer) };
+}
+
 /**
  * Allow getting the HF file from the HF repo with tag (like ollama), for example:
  * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:q4
@@ -536,42 +594,26 @@ static struct common_hf_file_res common_get_hf_file(const std::string & hf_repo_
         throw std::invalid_argument("error: invalid HF repo format, expected <user>/<model>[:quant]\n");
     }
 
-    // fetch model info from Hugging Face Hub API
-    curl_ptr       curl(curl_easy_init(), &curl_easy_cleanup);
-    curl_slist_ptr http_headers;
-    std::string res_str;
-    std::string url = "https://huggingface.co/v2/" + hf_repo + "/manifests/" + tag;
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_URL, url.c_str());
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_NOPROGRESS, 1L);
-    typedef size_t(*CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR)(void * ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * data);
-    auto write_callback = [](void * ptr, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void * data) -> size_t {
-        static_cast<std::string *>(data)->append((char * ) ptr, size * nmemb);
-        return size * nmemb;
-    };
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, static_cast<CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION_PTR>(write_callback));
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &res_str);
-#if defined(_WIN32)
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_SSL_OPTIONS, CURLSSLOPT_NATIVE_CA);
-#endif
+    std::string url = get_model_endpoint() + "v2/" + hf_repo + "/manifests/" + tag;
+
+    // headers
+    std::vector<std::string> headers;
+    headers.push_back("Accept: application/json");
     if (!bearer_token.empty()) {
-        std::string auth_header = "Authorization: Bearer " + bearer_token;
-        http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, auth_header.c_str());
+        headers.push_back("Authorization: Bearer " + bearer_token);
     }
     // Important: the User-Agent must be "llama-cpp" to get the "ggufFile" field in the response
-    http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, "User-Agent: llama-cpp");
-    http_headers.ptr = curl_slist_append(http_headers.ptr, "Accept: application/json");
-    curl_easy_setopt(curl.get(), CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, http_headers.ptr);
+    // User-Agent header is already set in common_remote_get_content, no need to set it here
 
-    CURLcode res = curl_easy_perform(curl.get());
+    // make the request
+    common_remote_params params;
+    params.headers = headers;
+    auto res = common_remote_get_content(url, params);
+    long res_code = res.first;
+    std::string res_str(res.second.data(), res.second.size());
+    std::string ggufFile;
+    std::string mmprojFile;
 
-    if (res != CURLE_OK) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("error: cannot make GET request to HF API");
-    }
-
-    long res_code;
-    std::string ggufFile   = "";
-    std::string mmprojFile = "";
-    curl_easy_getinfo(curl.get(), CURLINFO_RESPONSE_CODE, &res_code);
     if (res_code == 200) {
         // extract ggufFile.rfilename in json, using regex
         {
@@ -605,6 +647,10 @@ static struct common_hf_file_res common_get_hf_file(const std::string & hf_repo_
 
 #else
 
+bool common_has_curl() {
+    return false;
+}
+
 static bool common_download_file_single(const std::string &, const std::string &, const std::string &) {
     LOG_ERR("error: built without CURL, cannot download model from internet\n");
     return false;
@@ -627,17 +673,30 @@ static struct common_hf_file_res common_get_hf_file(const std::string &, const s
     return {};
 }
 
+std::pair<long, std::vector<char>> common_remote_get_content(const std::string & url, const common_remote_params &) {
+    if (!url.empty()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("error: built without CURL, cannot download model from the internet");
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
 #endif // LLAMA_USE_CURL
 
 //
 // utils
 //
 
-static void common_params_handle_model(
+struct handle_model_result {
+    bool found_mmproj = false;
+    common_params_model mmproj;
+};
+
+static handle_model_result common_params_handle_model(
         struct common_params_model & model,
         const std::string & bearer_token,
-        const std::string & model_path_default,
-        bool is_mmproj = false) { // TODO: move is_mmproj to an enum when we have more files?
+        const std::string & model_path_default) {
+    handle_model_result result;
     // handle pre-fill default model path and url based on hf_repo and hf_file
     {
         if (!model.hf_repo.empty()) {
@@ -649,15 +708,19 @@ static void common_params_handle_model(
                         exit(1); // built without CURL, error message already printed
                     }
                     model.hf_repo = auto_detected.repo;
-                    model.hf_file = is_mmproj ? auto_detected.mmprojFile : auto_detected.ggufFile;
+                    model.hf_file = auto_detected.ggufFile;
+                    if (!auto_detected.mmprojFile.empty()) {
+                        result.found_mmproj   = true;
+                        result.mmproj.hf_repo = model.hf_repo;
+                        result.mmproj.hf_file = auto_detected.mmprojFile;
+                    }
                 } else {
                     model.hf_file = model.path;
                 }
             }
 
-            // TODO: allow custom host
-            model.url = "https://huggingface.co/" + model.hf_repo + "/resolve/main/" + model.hf_file;
-
+            std::string model_endpoint = get_model_endpoint();
+            model.url = model_endpoint + model.hf_repo + "/resolve/main/" + model.hf_file;
             // make sure model path is present (for caching purposes)
             if (model.path.empty()) {
                 // this is to avoid different repo having same file name, or same file name in different subdirs
@@ -687,6 +750,8 @@ static void common_params_handle_model(
             exit(1);
         }
     }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 const std::vector<ggml_type> kv_cache_types = {
@@ -820,16 +885,25 @@ static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context
         throw std::invalid_argument("error: --prompt-cache-all not supported in interactive mode yet\n");
     }
 
-    common_params_handle_model(params.model,             params.hf_token, DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH);
-    common_params_handle_model(params.speculative.model, params.hf_token, "");
-    common_params_handle_model(params.vocoder.model,     params.hf_token, "");
-
-    // allow --mmproj to be set from -hf
-    // assuming that mmproj is always in the same repo as text model
-    if (!params.model.hf_repo.empty() && ctx_arg.ex == LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA) {
-        params.mmproj.hf_repo = params.model.hf_repo;
+    // handle model and download
+    {
+        auto res = common_params_handle_model(params.model, params.hf_token, DEFAULT_MODEL_PATH);
+        if (params.no_mmproj) {
+            params.mmproj = {};
+        } else if (res.found_mmproj && params.mmproj.path.empty() && params.mmproj.url.empty()) {
+            // optionally, handle mmproj model when -hf is specified
+            params.mmproj = res.mmproj;
+        }
+        // only download mmproj if the current example is using it
+        for (auto & ex : mmproj_examples) {
+            if (ctx_arg.ex == ex) {
+                common_params_handle_model(params.mmproj,    params.hf_token, "");
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        common_params_handle_model(params.speculative.model, params.hf_token, "");
+        common_params_handle_model(params.vocoder.model,     params.hf_token, "");
     }
-    common_params_handle_model(params.mmproj,            params.hf_token, "", true);
 
     if (params.escape) {
         string_process_escapes(params.prompt);
@@ -848,6 +922,10 @@ static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context
         params.kv_overrides.back().key[0] = 0;
     }
 
+    if (!params.tensor_buft_overrides.empty()) {
+        params.tensor_buft_overrides.push_back({nullptr, nullptr});
+    }
+
     if (params.reranking && params.embedding) {
         throw std::invalid_argument("error: either --embedding or --reranking can be specified, but not both");
     }
@@ -957,7 +1035,6 @@ static void common_params_print_completion(common_params_context & ctx_arg) {
         "llama-embedding",
         "llama-eval-callback",
         "llama-export-lora",
-        "llama-gbnf-validator",
         "llama-gen-docs",
         "llama-gguf",
         "llama-gguf-hash",
@@ -965,20 +1042,18 @@ static void common_params_print_completion(common_params_context & ctx_arg) {
         "llama-gritlm",
         "llama-imatrix",
         "llama-infill",
-        "llama-llava-cli",
+        "llama-mtmd-cli",
         "llama-llava-clip-quantize-cli",
         "llama-lookahead",
         "llama-lookup",
         "llama-lookup-create",
         "llama-lookup-merge",
         "llama-lookup-stats",
-        "llama-minicpmv-cli",
         "llama-parallel",
         "llama-passkey",
         "llama-perplexity",
         "llama-q8dot",
         "llama-quantize",
-        "llama-quantize-stats",
         "llama-qwen2vl-cli",
         "llama-retrieval",
         "llama-run",
@@ -2085,18 +2160,32 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_NO_CONT_BATCHING"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--mmproj"}, "FILE",
-        "path to a multimodal projector file for LLaVA. see examples/llava/README.md",
+        "path to a multimodal projector file. see examples/llava/README.md",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             params.mmproj.path = value;
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA}));
+    ).set_examples(mmproj_examples));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--mmproj-url"}, "URL",
-        "URL to a multimodal projector file for LLaVA. see examples/llava/README.md",
+        "URL to a multimodal projector file. see examples/llava/README.md",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             params.mmproj.url = value;
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA}));
+    ).set_examples(mmproj_examples));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--no-mmproj"},
+        "explicitly disable multimodal projector, useful when using -hf",
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.no_mmproj = true;
+        }
+    ).set_examples(mmproj_examples));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--no-mmproj-offload"},
+        "do not offload multimodal projector to GPU",
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.mmproj_use_gpu = false;
+        }
+    ).set_examples(mmproj_examples));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--image"}, "FILE",
         "path to an image file. use with multimodal models. Specify multiple times for batching",
@@ -2180,6 +2269,41 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             exit(0);
         }
     ));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--override-tensor", "-ot"}, "<tensor name pattern>=<buffer type>,...",
+        "override tensor buffer type", [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            /* static */ std::map<std::string, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> buft_list;
+            if (buft_list.empty()) {
+                // enumerate all the devices and add their buffer types to the list
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
+                    auto * dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
+                    auto * buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev);
+                    if (buft) {
+                        buft_list[ggml_backend_buft_name(buft)] = buft;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            for (const auto & override : string_split<std::string>(value, ',')) {
+                std::string::size_type pos = override.find('=');
+                if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+                    throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value");
+                }
+                std::string tensor_name = override.substr(0, pos);
+                std::string buffer_type = override.substr(pos + 1);
+
+                if (buft_list.find(buffer_type) == buft_list.end()) {
+                    printf("Available buffer types:\n");
+                    for (const auto & it : buft_list) {
+                        printf("  %s\n", ggml_backend_buft_name(it.second));
+                    }
+                    throw std::invalid_argument("unknown buffer type");
+                }
+                // FIXME: this leaks memory
+                params.tensor_buft_overrides.push_back({strdup(tensor_name.c_str()), buft_list.at(buffer_type)});
+            }
+        }
+    ));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-ngl", "--gpu-layers", "--n-gpu-layers"}, "N",
         "number of layers to store in VRAM",
@@ -2336,6 +2460,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-hf", "-hfr", "--hf-repo"}, "<user>/<model>[:quant]",
         "Hugging Face model repository; quant is optional, case-insensitive, default to Q4_K_M, or falls back to the first file in the repo if Q4_K_M doesn't exist.\n"
+        "mmproj is also downloaded automatically if available. to disable, add --no-mmproj\n"
         "example: unsloth/phi-4-GGUF:q4_k_m\n"
         "(default: unused)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
@@ -2680,7 +2805,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             params.chat_template = value;
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CHAT_TEMPLATE"));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_MAIN, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CHAT_TEMPLATE"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--chat-template-file"}, "JINJA_TEMPLATE_FILE",
         string_format(

common/arg.h

@@ -78,3 +78,12 @@ bool common_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, common_params & params, llama_e
 
 // function to be used by test-arg-parser
 common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_example ex, void(*print_usage)(int, char **) = nullptr);
+bool common_has_curl();
+
+struct common_remote_params {
+    std::vector<std::string> headers;
+    long timeout = 0; // CURLOPT_TIMEOUT, in seconds ; 0 means no timeout
+    long max_size = 0; // max size of the response ; unlimited if 0 ; max is 2GB
+};
+// get remote file content, returns <http_code, raw_response_body>
+std::pair<long, std::vector<char>> common_remote_get_content(const std::string & url, const common_remote_params & params);

common/chat.cpp

@@ -1622,7 +1622,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
     }
 
     // Hermes 2/3 Pro, Qwen 2.5 Instruct (w/ tools)
-    if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+    if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null() && params.tools.is_array() && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
         return common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(tmpl, params);
     }
 

common/common.cpp

@@ -830,7 +830,7 @@ std::string fs_get_cache_directory() {
     if (getenv("LLAMA_CACHE")) {
         cache_directory = std::getenv("LLAMA_CACHE");
     } else {
-#ifdef __linux__
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(_AIX)
         if (std::getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME")) {
             cache_directory = std::getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME");
         } else {
@@ -840,7 +840,9 @@ std::string fs_get_cache_directory() {
         cache_directory = std::getenv("HOME") + std::string("/Library/Caches/");
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
         cache_directory = std::getenv("LOCALAPPDATA");
-#endif // __linux__
+#else
+#  error Unknown architecture
+#endif
         cache_directory = ensure_trailing_slash(cache_directory);
         cache_directory += "llama.cpp";
     }
@@ -1027,6 +1029,19 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
     return iparams;
 }
 
+std::string get_model_endpoint() {
+    const char * model_endpoint_env = getenv("MODEL_ENDPOINT");
+    // We still respect the use of environment-variable "HF_ENDPOINT" for backward-compatibility.
+    const char * hf_endpoint_env = getenv("HF_ENDPOINT");
+    const char * endpoint_env = model_endpoint_env ? model_endpoint_env : hf_endpoint_env;
+    std::string model_endpoint = "https://huggingface.co/";
+    if (endpoint_env) {
+        model_endpoint = endpoint_env;
+        if (model_endpoint.back() != '/') model_endpoint += '/';
+    }
+    return model_endpoint;
+}
+
 void common_set_adapter_lora(struct llama_context * ctx, std::vector<common_adapter_lora_info> & lora) {
     llama_clear_adapter_lora(ctx);
     for (auto & la : lora) {
@@ -1042,15 +1057,18 @@ struct llama_model_params common_model_params_to_llama(common_params & params) {
     if (!params.devices.empty()) {
         mparams.devices = params.devices.data();
     }
+
     if (params.n_gpu_layers != -1) {
         mparams.n_gpu_layers = params.n_gpu_layers;
     }
+
     mparams.main_gpu        = params.main_gpu;
     mparams.split_mode      = params.split_mode;
     mparams.tensor_split    = params.tensor_split;
     mparams.use_mmap        = params.use_mmap;
     mparams.use_mlock       = params.use_mlock;
     mparams.check_tensors   = params.check_tensors;
+
     if (params.kv_overrides.empty()) {
         mparams.kv_overrides = NULL;
     } else {
@@ -1058,6 +1076,13 @@ struct llama_model_params common_model_params_to_llama(common_params & params) {
         mparams.kv_overrides = params.kv_overrides.data();
     }
 
+    if (params.tensor_buft_overrides.empty()) {
+        mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = NULL;
+    } else {
+        GGML_ASSERT(params.tensor_buft_overrides.back().pattern == nullptr && "Tensor buffer overrides not terminated with empty pattern");
+        mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = params.tensor_buft_overrides.data();
+    }
+
     return mparams;
 }
 

common/common.h

@@ -279,6 +279,7 @@ struct common_params {
     std::vector<std::string> in_files;   // all input files
     std::vector<std::string> antiprompt; // strings upon which more user input is prompted (a.k.a. reverse prompts)
     std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> kv_overrides;
+    std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override> tensor_buft_overrides;
 
     bool lora_init_without_apply = false; // only load lora to memory, but do not apply it to ctx (user can manually apply lora later using llama_adapter_lora_apply)
     std::vector<common_adapter_lora_info> lora_adapters; // lora adapter path with user defined scale
@@ -341,6 +342,8 @@ struct common_params {
 
     // multimodal models (see examples/llava)
     struct common_params_model mmproj;
+    bool mmproj_use_gpu = true;     // use GPU for multimodal model
+    bool no_mmproj = false;         // explicitly disable multimodal model
     std::vector<std::string> image; // path to image file(s)
 
     // embedding
@@ -542,6 +545,8 @@ struct ggml_threadpool_params ggml_threadpool_params_from_cpu_params(const cpu_p
 // clear LoRA adapters from context, then apply new list of adapters
 void common_set_adapter_lora(struct llama_context * ctx, std::vector<common_adapter_lora_info> & lora);
 
+std::string                   get_model_endpoint();
+
 //
 // Batch utils
 //

common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 static std::string build_repetition(const std::string & item_rule, int min_items, int max_items, const std::string & separator_rule = "") {
     auto has_max = max_items != std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
 
+    if (max_items == 0) {
+        return "";
+    }
     if (min_items == 0 && max_items == 1) {
         return item_rule + "?";
     }

common/minja/chat-template.hpp

@@ -9,10 +9,19 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "minja.hpp"
-#include <json.hpp>
+
+#include <chrono>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <exception>
+#include <iomanip>
+#include <memory>
+#include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
 
+#include <json.hpp>
+
 using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 
 namespace minja {
@@ -425,7 +434,7 @@ class chat_template {
                         auto obj = json {
                             {"tool_calls", tool_calls},
                         };
-                        if (!content.is_null() && content != "") {
+                        if (!content.is_null() && !content.empty()) {
                             obj["content"] = content;
                         }
                         message["content"] = obj.dump(2);
@@ -435,13 +444,12 @@ class chat_template {
                 if (polyfill_tool_responses && role == "tool") {
                     message["role"] = "user";
                     auto obj = json {
-                        {"tool_response", {
-                            {"content", message.at("content")},
-                        }},
+                        {"tool_response", json::object()},
                     };
                     if (message.contains("name")) {
-                        obj["tool_response"]["name"] = message.at("name");
+                        obj["tool_response"]["tool"] = message.at("name");
                     }
+                    obj["tool_response"]["content"] = message.at("content");
                     if (message.contains("tool_call_id")) {
                         obj["tool_response"]["tool_call_id"] = message.at("tool_call_id");
                     }
@@ -510,7 +518,7 @@ class chat_template {
     static nlohmann::ordered_json add_system(const nlohmann::ordered_json & messages, const std::string & system_prompt) {
         json messages_with_system = messages;
 
-        if (messages_with_system.size() > 0 && messages_with_system[0].at("role") == "system") {
+        if (!messages_with_system.empty() && messages_with_system[0].at("role") == "system") {
             std::string existing_system = messages_with_system.at(0).at("content");
             messages_with_system[0] = json {
                 {"role", "system"},

common/minja/minja.hpp

@@ -8,14 +8,26 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 #pragma once
 
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <cstddef>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <exception>
+#include <functional>
 #include <iostream>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <regex>
+#include <iterator>
+#include <limits>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
-#include <stdexcept>
+#include <regex>
 #include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <unordered_map>
 #include <unordered_set>
+#include <utility>
+#include <vector>
+
 #include <json.hpp>
 
 using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
@@ -240,7 +252,7 @@ public:
       auto index = key.get<int>();
       return array_->at(index < 0 ? array_->size() + index : index);
     } else if (object_) {
-      if (!key.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unhashable type: " + dump());
+      if (!key.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unashable type: " + dump());
       auto it = object_->find(key.primitive_);
       if (it == object_->end()) return Value();
       return it->second;
@@ -249,7 +261,7 @@ public:
   }
   void set(const Value& key, const Value& value) {
     if (!object_) throw std::runtime_error("Value is not an object: " + dump());
-    if (!key.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unhashable type: " + dump());
+    if (!key.is_hashable()) throw std::runtime_error("Unashable type: " + dump());
     (*object_)[key.primitive_] = value;
   }
   Value call(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) const {
@@ -731,51 +743,51 @@ public:
 
 struct TextTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::string text;
-    TextTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string& t) : TemplateToken(Type::Text, location, pre, post), text(t) {}
+    TextTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string& t) : TemplateToken(Type::Text, loc, pre, post), text(t) {}
 };
 
 struct ExpressionTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> expr;
-    ExpressionTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e) : TemplateToken(Type::Expression, location, pre, post), expr(std::move(e)) {}
+    ExpressionTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e) : TemplateToken(Type::Expression, loc, pre, post), expr(std::move(e)) {}
 };
 
 struct IfTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
-    IfTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c) : TemplateToken(Type::If, location, pre, post), condition(std::move(c)) {}
+    IfTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c) : TemplateToken(Type::If, loc, pre, post), condition(std::move(c)) {}
 };
 
 struct ElifTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
-    ElifTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c) : TemplateToken(Type::Elif, location, pre, post), condition(std::move(c)) {}
+    ElifTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c) : TemplateToken(Type::Elif, loc, pre, post), condition(std::move(c)) {}
 };
 
 struct ElseTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    ElseTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::Else, location, pre, post) {}
+    ElseTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::Else, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct EndIfTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    EndIfTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndIf, location, pre, post) {}
+    EndIfTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndIf, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct MacroTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> name;
     Expression::Parameters params;
-    MacroTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && n, Expression::Parameters && p)
-      : TemplateToken(Type::Macro, location, pre, post), name(std::move(n)), params(std::move(p)) {}
+    MacroTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && n, Expression::Parameters && p)
+      : TemplateToken(Type::Macro, loc, pre, post), name(std::move(n)), params(std::move(p)) {}
 };
 
 struct EndMacroTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    EndMacroTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndMacro, location, pre, post) {}
+    EndMacroTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndMacro, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct FilterTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> filter;
-    FilterTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && filter)
-      : TemplateToken(Type::Filter, location, pre, post), filter(std::move(filter)) {}
+    FilterTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && filter)
+      : TemplateToken(Type::Filter, loc, pre, post), filter(std::move(filter)) {}
 };
 
 struct EndFilterTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    EndFilterTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndFilter, location, pre, post) {}
+    EndFilterTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndFilter, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct ForTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
@@ -783,38 +795,38 @@ struct ForTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> iterable;
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> condition;
     bool recursive;
-    ForTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && iter,
+    ForTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && iter,
       std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c, bool r)
-      : TemplateToken(Type::For, location, pre, post), var_names(vns), iterable(std::move(iter)), condition(std::move(c)), recursive(r) {}
+      : TemplateToken(Type::For, loc, pre, post), var_names(vns), iterable(std::move(iter)), condition(std::move(c)), recursive(r) {}
 };
 
 struct EndForTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    EndForTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndFor, location, pre, post) {}
+    EndForTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndFor, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct GenerationTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    GenerationTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::Generation, location, pre, post) {}
+    GenerationTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::Generation, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct EndGenerationTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    EndGenerationTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndGeneration, location, pre, post) {}
+    EndGenerationTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndGeneration, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct SetTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::string ns;
     std::vector<std::string> var_names;
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> value;
-    SetTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string & ns, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && v)
-      : TemplateToken(Type::Set, location, pre, post), ns(ns), var_names(vns), value(std::move(v)) {}
+    SetTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string & ns, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && v)
+      : TemplateToken(Type::Set, loc, pre, post), ns(ns), var_names(vns), value(std::move(v)) {}
 };
 
 struct EndSetTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
-    EndSetTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndSet, location, pre, post) {}
+    EndSetTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post) : TemplateToken(Type::EndSet, loc, pre, post) {}
 };
 
 struct CommentTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     std::string text;
-    CommentTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string& t) : TemplateToken(Type::Comment, location, pre, post), text(t) {}
+    CommentTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, const std::string& t) : TemplateToken(Type::Comment, loc, pre, post), text(t) {}
 };
 
 enum class LoopControlType { Break, Continue };
@@ -830,7 +842,7 @@ public:
 
 struct LoopControlTemplateToken : public TemplateToken {
     LoopControlType control_type;
-    LoopControlTemplateToken(const Location & location, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, LoopControlType control_type) : TemplateToken(Type::Break, location, pre, post), control_type(control_type) {}
+    LoopControlTemplateToken(const Location & loc, SpaceHandling pre, SpaceHandling post, LoopControlType control_type) : TemplateToken(Type::Break, loc, pre, post), control_type(control_type) {}
 };
 
 class TemplateNode {
@@ -868,8 +880,8 @@ public:
 class SequenceNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>> children;
 public:
-    SequenceNode(const Location & location, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>> && c)
-      : TemplateNode(location), children(std::move(c)) {}
+    SequenceNode(const Location & loc, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>> && c)
+      : TemplateNode(loc), children(std::move(c)) {}
     void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         for (const auto& child : children) child->render(out, context);
     }
@@ -878,7 +890,7 @@ public:
 class TextNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::string text;
 public:
-    TextNode(const Location & location, const std::string& t) : TemplateNode(location), text(t) {}
+    TextNode(const Location & loc, const std::string& t) : TemplateNode(loc), text(t) {}
     void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> &) const override {
       out << text;
     }
@@ -887,7 +899,7 @@ public:
 class ExpressionNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> expr;
 public:
-    ExpressionNode(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e) : TemplateNode(location), expr(std::move(e)) {}
+    ExpressionNode(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e) : TemplateNode(loc), expr(std::move(e)) {}
     void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
       if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("ExpressionNode.expr is null");
       auto result = expr->evaluate(context);
@@ -904,8 +916,8 @@ public:
 class IfNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>>> cascade;
 public:
-    IfNode(const Location & location, std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>>> && c)
-        : TemplateNode(location), cascade(std::move(c)) {}
+    IfNode(const Location & loc, std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode>>> && c)
+        : TemplateNode(loc), cascade(std::move(c)) {}
     void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
       for (const auto& branch : cascade) {
           auto enter_branch = true;
@@ -924,7 +936,7 @@ public:
 class LoopControlNode : public TemplateNode {
     LoopControlType control_type_;
   public:
-    LoopControlNode(const Location & location, LoopControlType control_type) : TemplateNode(location), control_type_(control_type) {}
+    LoopControlNode(const Location & loc, LoopControlType control_type) : TemplateNode(loc), control_type_(control_type) {}
     void do_render(std::ostringstream &, const std::shared_ptr<Context> &) const override {
       throw LoopControlException(control_type_);
     }
@@ -938,9 +950,9 @@ class ForNode : public TemplateNode {
     bool recursive;
     std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> else_body;
 public:
-    ForNode(const Location & location, std::vector<std::string> && var_names, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && iterable,
+    ForNode(const Location & loc, std::vector<std::string> && var_names, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && iterable,
       std::shared_ptr<Expression> && condition, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && body, bool recursive, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && else_body)
-            : TemplateNode(location), var_names(var_names), iterable(std::move(iterable)), condition(std::move(condition)), body(std::move(body)), recursive(recursive), else_body(std::move(else_body)) {}
+            : TemplateNode(loc), var_names(var_names), iterable(std::move(iterable)), condition(std::move(condition)), body(std::move(body)), recursive(recursive), else_body(std::move(else_body)) {}
 
     void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
       // https://jinja.palletsprojects.com/en/3.0.x/templates/#for
@@ -1025,8 +1037,8 @@ class MacroNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> body;
     std::unordered_map<std::string, size_t> named_param_positions;
 public:
-    MacroNode(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && n, Expression::Parameters && p, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && b)
-        : TemplateNode(location), name(std::move(n)), params(std::move(p)), body(std::move(b)) {
+    MacroNode(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && n, Expression::Parameters && p, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && b)
+        : TemplateNode(loc), name(std::move(n)), params(std::move(p)), body(std::move(b)) {
         for (size_t i = 0; i < params.size(); ++i) {
           const auto & name = params[i].first;
           if (!name.empty()) {
@@ -1072,8 +1084,8 @@ class FilterNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> body;
 
 public:
-    FilterNode(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && f, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && b)
-        : TemplateNode(location), filter(std::move(f)), body(std::move(b)) {}
+    FilterNode(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && f, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && b)
+        : TemplateNode(loc), filter(std::move(f)), body(std::move(b)) {}
 
     void do_render(std::ostringstream & out, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         if (!filter) throw std::runtime_error("FilterNode.filter is null");
@@ -1095,8 +1107,8 @@ class SetNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::vector<std::string> var_names;
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> value;
 public:
-    SetNode(const Location & location, const std::string & ns, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && v)
-        : TemplateNode(location), ns(ns), var_names(vns), value(std::move(v)) {}
+    SetNode(const Location & loc, const std::string & ns, const std::vector<std::string> & vns, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && v)
+        : TemplateNode(loc), ns(ns), var_names(vns), value(std::move(v)) {}
     void do_render(std::ostringstream &, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
       if (!value) throw std::runtime_error("SetNode.value is null");
       if (!ns.empty()) {
@@ -1118,8 +1130,8 @@ class SetTemplateNode : public TemplateNode {
     std::string name;
     std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> template_value;
 public:
-    SetTemplateNode(const Location & location, const std::string & name, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && tv)
-        : TemplateNode(location), name(name), template_value(std::move(tv)) {}
+    SetTemplateNode(const Location & loc, const std::string & name, std::shared_ptr<TemplateNode> && tv)
+        : TemplateNode(loc), name(name), template_value(std::move(tv)) {}
     void do_render(std::ostringstream &, const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
       if (!template_value) throw std::runtime_error("SetTemplateNode.template_value is null");
       Value value { template_value->render(context) };
@@ -1132,8 +1144,8 @@ class IfExpr : public Expression {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> then_expr;
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> else_expr;
 public:
-    IfExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && t, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e)
-        : Expression(location), condition(std::move(c)), then_expr(std::move(t)), else_expr(std::move(e)) {}
+    IfExpr(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && c, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && t, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e)
+        : Expression(loc), condition(std::move(c)), then_expr(std::move(t)), else_expr(std::move(e)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
       if (!condition) throw std::runtime_error("IfExpr.condition is null");
       if (!then_expr) throw std::runtime_error("IfExpr.then_expr is null");
@@ -1150,16 +1162,16 @@ public:
 class LiteralExpr : public Expression {
     Value value;
 public:
-    LiteralExpr(const Location & location, const Value& v)
-      : Expression(location), value(v) {}
+    LiteralExpr(const Location & loc, const Value& v)
+      : Expression(loc), value(v) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &) const override { return value; }
 };
 
 class ArrayExpr : public Expression {
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> elements;
 public:
-    ArrayExpr(const Location & location, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> && e)
-      : Expression(location), elements(std::move(e)) {}
+    ArrayExpr(const Location & loc, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> && e)
+      : Expression(loc), elements(std::move(e)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         auto result = Value::array();
         for (const auto& e : elements) {
@@ -1173,8 +1185,8 @@ public:
 class DictExpr : public Expression {
     std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>> elements;
 public:
-    DictExpr(const Location & location, std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>> && e)
-      : Expression(location), elements(std::move(e)) {}
+    DictExpr(const Location & loc, std::vector<std::pair<std::shared_ptr<Expression>, std::shared_ptr<Expression>>> && e)
+      : Expression(loc), elements(std::move(e)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         auto result = Value::object();
         for (const auto& [key, value] : elements) {
@@ -1189,8 +1201,8 @@ public:
 class SliceExpr : public Expression {
 public:
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> start, end;
-    SliceExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && s, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e)
-      : Expression(location), start(std::move(s)), end(std::move(e)) {}
+    SliceExpr(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && s, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e)
+      : Expression(loc), start(std::move(s)), end(std::move(e)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> &) const override {
         throw std::runtime_error("SliceExpr not implemented");
     }
@@ -1200,8 +1212,8 @@ class SubscriptExpr : public Expression {
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> base;
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> index;
 public:
-    SubscriptExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && b, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && i)
-        : Expression(location), base(std::move(b)), index(std::move(i)) {}
+    SubscriptExpr(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && b, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && i)
+        : Expression(loc), base(std::move(b)), index(std::move(i)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         if (!base) throw std::runtime_error("SubscriptExpr.base is null");
         if (!index) throw std::runtime_error("SubscriptExpr.index is null");
@@ -1243,8 +1255,8 @@ public:
     enum class Op { Plus, Minus, LogicalNot, Expansion, ExpansionDict };
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> expr;
     Op op;
-    UnaryOpExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e, Op o)
-      : Expression(location), expr(std::move(e)), op(o) {}
+    UnaryOpExpr(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && e, Op o)
+      : Expression(loc), expr(std::move(e)), op(o) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         if (!expr) throw std::runtime_error("UnaryOpExpr.expr is null");
         auto e = expr->evaluate(context);
@@ -1269,8 +1281,8 @@ private:
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> right;
     Op op;
 public:
-    BinaryOpExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && l, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && r, Op o)
-        : Expression(location), left(std::move(l)), right(std::move(r)), op(o) {}
+    BinaryOpExpr(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && l, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && r, Op o)
+        : Expression(loc), left(std::move(l)), right(std::move(r)), op(o) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         if (!left) throw std::runtime_error("BinaryOpExpr.left is null");
         if (!right) throw std::runtime_error("BinaryOpExpr.right is null");
@@ -1427,8 +1439,8 @@ class MethodCallExpr : public Expression {
     std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> method;
     ArgumentsExpression args;
 public:
-    MethodCallExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && obj, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && m, ArgumentsExpression && a)
-        : Expression(location), object(std::move(obj)), method(std::move(m)), args(std::move(a)) {}
+    MethodCallExpr(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && obj, std::shared_ptr<VariableExpr> && m, ArgumentsExpression && a)
+        : Expression(loc), object(std::move(obj)), method(std::move(m)), args(std::move(a)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         if (!object) throw std::runtime_error("MethodCallExpr.object is null");
         if (!method) throw std::runtime_error("MethodCallExpr.method is null");
@@ -1526,8 +1538,8 @@ class CallExpr : public Expression {
 public:
     std::shared_ptr<Expression> object;
     ArgumentsExpression args;
-    CallExpr(const Location & location, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && obj, ArgumentsExpression && a)
-        : Expression(location), object(std::move(obj)), args(std::move(a)) {}
+    CallExpr(const Location & loc, std::shared_ptr<Expression> && obj, ArgumentsExpression && a)
+        : Expression(loc), object(std::move(obj)), args(std::move(a)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         if (!object) throw std::runtime_error("CallExpr.object is null");
         auto obj = object->evaluate(context);
@@ -1542,8 +1554,8 @@ public:
 class FilterExpr : public Expression {
     std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> parts;
 public:
-    FilterExpr(const Location & location, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> && p)
-      : Expression(location), parts(std::move(p)) {}
+    FilterExpr(const Location & loc, std::vector<std::shared_ptr<Expression>> && p)
+      : Expression(loc), parts(std::move(p)) {}
     Value do_evaluate(const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context) const override {
         Value result;
         bool first = true;
@@ -2460,7 +2472,7 @@ private:
                 static std::regex leading_space_regex(R"(^\s+)");
                 text = std::regex_replace(text, leading_space_regex, "");
               } else if (options.trim_blocks && (it - 1) != begin && !dynamic_cast<ExpressionTemplateToken*>((*(it - 2)).get())) {
-                if (text.length() > 0 && text[0] == '\n') {
+                if (!text.empty() && text[0] == '\n') {
                   text.erase(0, 1);
                 }
               }
@@ -2538,7 +2550,7 @@ public:
         TemplateTokenIterator begin = tokens.begin();
         auto it = begin;
         TemplateTokenIterator end = tokens.end();
-        return parser.parseTemplate(begin, it, end, /* full= */ true);
+        return parser.parseTemplate(begin, it, end, /* fully= */ true);
     }
 };
 
@@ -2577,7 +2589,7 @@ inline std::shared_ptr<Context> Context::builtins() {
     throw std::runtime_error(args.at("message").get<std::string>());
   }));
   globals.set("tojson", simple_function("tojson", { "value", "indent" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
-    return Value(args.at("value").dump(args.get<int64_t>("indent", -1), /* tojson= */ true));
+    return Value(args.at("value").dump(args.get<int64_t>("indent", -1), /* to_json= */ true));
   }));
   globals.set("items", simple_function("items", { "object" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
     auto items = Value::array();
@@ -2599,21 +2611,25 @@ inline std::shared_ptr<Context> Context::builtins() {
   globals.set("last", simple_function("last", { "items" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
     auto items = args.at("items");
     if (!items.is_array()) throw std::runtime_error("object is not a list");
-    if (items.size() == 0) return Value();
+    if (items.empty()) return Value();
     return items.at(items.size() - 1);
   }));
   globals.set("trim", simple_function("trim", { "text" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
     auto & text = args.at("text");
     return text.is_null() ? text : Value(strip(text.get<std::string>()));
   }));
-  globals.set("lower", simple_function("lower", { "text" }, [](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
-    auto text = args.at("text");
-    if (text.is_null()) return text;
-    std::string res;
-    auto str = text.get<std::string>();
-    std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(res), ::tolower);
-    return Value(res);
-  }));
+  auto char_transform_function = [](const std::string & name, const std::function<char(char)> & fn) {
+    return simple_function(name, { "text" }, [=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, Value & args) {
+      auto text = args.at("text");
+      if (text.is_null()) return text;
+      std::string res;
+      auto str = text.get<std::string>();
+      std::transform(str.begin(), str.end(), std::back_inserter(res), fn);
+      return Value(res);
+    });
+  };
+  globals.set("lower", char_transform_function("lower", ::tolower));
+  globals.set("upper", char_transform_function("upper", ::toupper));
   globals.set("default", Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> &, ArgumentsValue & args) {
     args.expectArgs("default", {2, 3}, {0, 1});
     auto & value = args.args[0];
@@ -2743,12 +2759,17 @@ inline std::shared_ptr<Context> Context::builtins() {
     return Value::callable([=](const std::shared_ptr<Context> & context, ArgumentsValue & args) {
       args.expectArgs(is_select ? "select" : "reject", {2, (std::numeric_limits<size_t>::max)()}, {0, 0});
       auto & items = args.args[0];
-      if (items.is_null())
+      if (items.is_null()) {
         return Value::array();
-      if (!items.is_array()) throw std::runtime_error("object is not iterable: " + items.dump());
+      }
+      if (!items.is_array()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("object is not iterable: " + items.dump());
+      }
 
       auto filter_fn = context->get(args.args[1]);
-      if (filter_fn.is_null()) throw std::runtime_error("Undefined filter: " + args.args[1].dump());
+      if (filter_fn.is_null()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Undefined filter: " + args.args[1].dump());
+      }
 
       auto filter_args = Value::array();
       for (size_t i = 2, n = args.args.size(); i < n; i++) {
@@ -2870,20 +2891,25 @@ inline std::shared_ptr<Context> Context::builtins() {
         auto v = arg.get<int64_t>();
         startEndStep[i] = v;
         param_set[i] = true;
-        }
       }
-      for (auto & [name, value] : args.kwargs) {
-        size_t i;
-        if (name == "start") i = 0;
-        else if (name == "end") i = 1;
-        else if (name == "step") i = 2;
-        else throw std::runtime_error("Unknown argument " + name + " for function range");
+    }
+    for (auto & [name, value] : args.kwargs) {
+      size_t i;
+      if (name == "start") {
+        i = 0;
+      } else if (name == "end") {
+        i = 1;
+      } else if (name == "step") {
+        i = 2;
+      } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Unknown argument " + name + " for function range");
+      }
 
-        if (param_set[i]) {
-          throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate argument " + name + " for function range");
-        }
-        startEndStep[i] = value.get<int64_t>();
-        param_set[i] = true;
+      if (param_set[i]) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("Duplicate argument " + name + " for function range");
+      }
+      startEndStep[i] = value.get<int64_t>();
+      param_set[i] = true;
     }
     if (!param_set[1]) {
       throw std::runtime_error("Missing required argument 'end' for function range");

convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py

@@ -113,6 +113,9 @@ models = [
     {"name": "superbpe",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/UW/OLMo2-8B-SuperBPE-t180k", },
     {"name": "trillion",         "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/trillionlabs/Trillion-7B-preview", },
     {"name": "bailingmoe",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/inclusionAI/Ling-lite", },
+    {"name": "llama4",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/meta-llama/Llama-4-Scout-17B-16E-Instruct", },
+    {"name": "glm4",             "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/THUDM/glm-4-9b-hf", },
+    {"name": "pixtral",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/mistral-community/pixtral-12b", },
 ]
 
 

convert_lora_to_gguf.py

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
 import gguf
 
 # reuse model definitions from convert_hf_to_gguf.py
-from convert_hf_to_gguf import LazyTorchTensor, Model
+from convert_hf_to_gguf import LazyTorchTensor, ModelBase
 
 logger = logging.getLogger("lora-to-gguf")
 
@@ -340,11 +340,11 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
             sys.exit(1)
     else:
         logger.info(f"Loading base model: {dir_base_model.name}")
-        hparams = Model.load_hparams(dir_base_model)
+        hparams = ModelBase.load_hparams(dir_base_model)
 
     with torch.inference_mode():
         try:
-            model_class = Model.from_model_architecture(hparams["architectures"][0])
+            model_class = ModelBase.from_model_architecture(hparams["architectures"][0])
         except NotImplementedError:
             logger.error(f"Model {hparams['architectures'][0]} is not supported")
             sys.exit(1)

docs/backend/OPENCL.md

@@ -145,8 +145,13 @@ A Snapdragon X Elite device with Windows 11 Arm64 is used. Make sure the followi
 * Clang 19
 * Ninja
 * Visual Studio 2022
+* Powershell 7
 
-Powershell is used for the following instructions.
+Visual Studio provides necessary headers and libraries although it is not directly used for building.
+Alternatively, Visual Studio Build Tools can be installed instead of the full Visual Studio.
+
+Powershell 7 is used for the following commands.
+If an older version of Powershell is used, these commands may not work as they are.
 
 ### I. Setup Environment
 
@@ -196,10 +201,9 @@ ninja
 
 ## Known Issues
 
-- Qwen2.5 0.5B model produces gibberish output with Adreno kernels.
+- Currently OpenCL backend does not work on Adreno 6xx GPUs.
 
 ## TODO
 
-- Fix Qwen2.5 0.5B
 - Optimization for Q6_K
 - Support and optimization for Q4_K

docs/backend/SYCL.md

@@ -302,6 +302,10 @@ cmake -B build -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -
 cmake --build build --config Release -j -v
 ```
 
+It is possible to come across some precision issues when running tests that stem from using faster
+instructions, which can be circumvented by setting the environment variable `SYCL_PROGRAM_COMPILE_OPTIONS`
+as `-cl-fp32-correctly-rounded-divide-sqrt`
+
 #### Nvidia GPU
 
 The SYCL backend depends on [oneMath](https://github.com/uxlfoundation/oneMath) for Nvidia and AMD devices.
@@ -322,6 +326,9 @@ cmake -B build -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DGGML_SYCL_TARGET=NVIDIA -DGGML_SYCL_DEVICE_ARCH=
 cmake --build build --config Release -j -v
 ```
 
+It is possible to come across some precision issues when running tests that stem from using faster
+instructions, which can be circumvented by passing the `-fno-fast-math` flag to the compiler.
+
 #### AMD GPU
 
 The SYCL backend depends on [oneMath](https://github.com/uxlfoundation/oneMath) for Nvidia and AMD devices.
@@ -418,13 +425,13 @@ Examples:
 - Use device 0:
 
 ```sh
-ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ./build/bin/llama-cli -m models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -sm none -mg 0
+ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ./build/bin/llama-cli -no-cnv -m models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -sm none -mg 0
 ```
 
 - Use multiple devices:
 
 ```sh
-ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ./build/bin/llama-cli -m models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -sm layer
+ZES_ENABLE_SYSMAN=1 ./build/bin/llama-cli -no-cnv -m models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -sm layer
 ```
 
 *Notes:*
@@ -468,6 +475,12 @@ b. Enable oneAPI running environment:
 "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" intel64
 ```
 
+- if you are using Powershell, enable the runtime environment with the following:
+
+```
+cmd.exe "/K" '"C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" && powershell'
+```
+
 c. Verify installation
 
 In the oneAPI command line, run the following to print the available SYCL devices:
@@ -498,13 +511,13 @@ You could download the release package for Windows directly, which including bin
 
 Choose one of following methods to build from source code.
 
-1. Script
+#### 1. Script
 
 ```sh
 .\examples\sycl\win-build-sycl.bat
 ```
 
-2. CMake
+#### 2. CMake
 
 On the oneAPI command line window, step into the llama.cpp main directory and run the following:
 
@@ -533,13 +546,84 @@ cmake --preset x64-windows-sycl-debug
 cmake --build build-x64-windows-sycl-debug -j --target llama-cli
 ```
 
-3. Visual Studio
+#### 3. Visual Studio
 
-You can use Visual Studio to open llama.cpp folder as a CMake project. Choose the sycl CMake presets (`x64-windows-sycl-release` or `x64-windows-sycl-debug`) before you compile the project.
+You have two options to use Visual Studio to build llama.cpp:
+- As CMake Project using CMake presets.
+- Creating a Visual Studio solution to handle the project.
+
+**Note**:
+
+All following commands are executed in PowerShell.
+
+##### - Open as a CMake Project
+
+You can use Visual Studio to open the `llama.cpp` folder directly as a CMake project. Before compiling, select one of the SYCL CMake presets:
+
+- `x64-windows-sycl-release`
+
+- `x64-windows-sycl-debug`
 
 *Notes:*
+- For a minimal experimental setup, you can build only the inference executable using:
 
-- In case of a minimal experimental setup, the user can build the inference executable only through `cmake --build build --config Release -j --target llama-cli`.
+    ```Powershell
+    cmake --build build --config Release -j --target llama-cli
+    ```
+
+##### - Generating a Visual Studio Solution
+
+You can use Visual Studio solution to build and work on llama.cpp on Windows. You need to convert the CMake Project into a `.sln` file.
+
+If you want to use the Intel C++ Compiler for the entire `llama.cpp` project, run the following command:
+
+```Powershell
+cmake -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -T "Intel C++ Compiler 2025" -A x64 -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+```
+
+If you prefer to use the Intel C++ Compiler only for `ggml-sycl`, ensure that `ggml` and its backend libraries are built as shared libraries ( i.e. `-DBUILD_SHARED_LIBRARIES=ON`, this is default behaviour):
+
+```Powershell
+cmake -B build -G "Visual Studio 17 2022" -A x64 -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+      -DSYCL_INCLUDE_DIR="C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\compiler\latest\include" \
+      -DSYCL_LIBRARY_DIR="C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\compiler\latest\lib"
+```
+
+If successful the build files have been written to: *path/to/llama.cpp/build*
+Open the project file **build/llama.cpp.sln** with Visual Studio.
+
+Once the Visual Studio solution is created, follow these steps:
+
+1. Open the solution in Visual Studio.
+
+2. Right-click on `ggml-sycl` and select **Properties**.
+
+3. In the left column, expand **C/C++** and select **DPC++**.
+
+4. In the right panel, find **Enable SYCL Offload** and set it to `Yes`.
+
+5. Apply the changes and save.
+
+
+*Navigation Path:*
+
+```
+Properties -> C/C++ -> DPC++ -> Enable SYCL Offload (Yes)
+```
+
+Now, you can build `llama.cpp` with the SYCL backend as a Visual Studio project.
+To do it from menu: `Build -> Build Solution`.
+Once it is completed, final results will be in **build/Release/bin**
+
+*Additional Note*
+
+- You can avoid specifying `SYCL_INCLUDE_DIR` and `SYCL_LIBRARY_DIR` in the CMake command by setting the environment variables:
+
+    - `SYCL_INCLUDE_DIR_HINT`
+
+    - `SYCL_LIBRARY_DIR_HINT`
+
+- Above instruction has been tested with Visual Studio 17 Community edition and oneAPI 2025.0. We expect them to work also with future version if the instructions are adapted accordingly.
 
 ### III. Run the inference
 
@@ -613,13 +697,13 @@ Examples:
 - Use device 0:
 
 ```
-build\bin\llama-cli.exe -m models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -s 0 -sm none -mg 0
+build\bin\llama-cli.exe -no-cnv -m models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -s 0 -sm none -mg 0
 ```
 
 - Use multiple devices:
 
 ```
-build\bin\llama-cli.exe -m models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -s 0 -sm layer
+build\bin\llama-cli.exe -no-cnv -m models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -s 0 -sm layer
 ```
 
 

docs/build.md

@@ -259,8 +259,6 @@ You can download it from your Linux distro's package manager or from here: [ROCm
       cmake -S . -B build -DGGML_HIP=ON -DAMDGPU_TARGETS=gfx1030 -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
       && cmake --build build --config Release -- -j 16
   ```
-  On Linux it is also possible to use unified memory architecture (UMA) to share main memory between the CPU and integrated GPU by setting `-DGGML_HIP_UMA=ON`.
-  However, this hurts performance for non-integrated GPUs (but enables working with integrated GPUs).
 
   To enhance flash attention performance on RDNA3+ or CDNA architectures, you can utilize the rocWMMA library by enabling the `-DGGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN=ON` option. This requires rocWMMA headers to be installed on the build system.
 
@@ -296,6 +294,10 @@ You can download it from your Linux distro's package manager or from here: [ROCm
 The environment variable [`HIP_VISIBLE_DEVICES`](https://rocm.docs.amd.com/en/latest/understand/gpu_isolation.html#hip-visible-devices) can be used to specify which GPU(s) will be used.
 If your GPU is not officially supported you can use the environment variable [`HSA_OVERRIDE_GFX_VERSION`] set to a similar GPU, for example 10.3.0 on RDNA2 (e.g. gfx1030, gfx1031, or gfx1035) or 11.0.0 on RDNA3.
 
+### Unified Memory
+
+On Linux it is possible to use unified memory architecture (UMA) to share main memory between the CPU and integrated GPU by setting environment variable `GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY=1`. However, this hurts performance for non-integrated GPUs (but enables working with integrated GPUs).
+
 ## Vulkan
 
 **Windows**
@@ -456,6 +458,96 @@ KleidiAI's microkernels implement optimized tensor operations using Arm CPU feat
 
 Depending on your build target, other higher priority backends may be enabled by default. To ensure the CPU backend is used, you must disable the higher priority backends either at compile time, e.g. -DGGML_METAL=OFF, or during run-time using the command line option `--device none`.
 
+## OpenCL
+
+This provides GPU acceleration through OpenCL on recent Adreno GPU.
+More information about OpenCL backend can be found in [OPENCL.md](./backend/OPENCL.md) for more information.
+
+### Android
+
+Assume NDK is available in `$ANDROID_NDK`. First, install OpenCL headers and ICD loader library if not available,
+
+```sh
+mkdir -p ~/dev/llm
+cd ~/dev/llm
+
+git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers && \
+cd OpenCL-Headers && \
+cp -r CL $ANDROID_NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include
+
+cd ~/dev/llm
+
+git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-ICD-Loader && \
+cd OpenCL-ICD-Loader && \
+mkdir build_ndk && cd build_ndk && \
+cmake .. -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$ANDROID_NDK/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
+  -DOPENCL_ICD_LOADER_HEADERS_DIR=$ANDROID_NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/include \
+  -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
+  -DANDROID_PLATFORM=24 \
+  -DANDROID_STL=c++_shared && \
+ninja && \
+cp libOpenCL.so $ANDROID_NDK/toolchains/llvm/prebuilt/linux-x86_64/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-android
+```
+
+Then build llama.cpp with OpenCL enabled,
+
+```sh
+cd ~/dev/llm
+
+git clone https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp && \
+cd llama.cpp && \
+mkdir build-android && cd build-android
+
+cmake .. -G Ninja \
+  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$ANDROID_NDK/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
+  -DANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a \
+  -DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-28 \
+  -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF \
+  -DGGML_OPENCL=ON
+
+ninja
+```
+
+### Windows Arm64
+
+First, install OpenCL headers and ICD loader library if not available,
+
+```powershell
+mkdir -p ~/dev/llm
+
+cd ~/dev/llm
+git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-Headers && cd OpenCL-Headers
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake .. -G Ninja `
+  -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF `
+  -DOPENCL_HEADERS_BUILD_TESTING=OFF `
+  -DOPENCL_HEADERS_BUILD_CXX_TESTS=OFF `
+  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$HOME/dev/llm/opencl"
+cmake --build . --target install
+
+cd ~/dev/llm
+git clone https://github.com/KhronosGroup/OpenCL-ICD-Loader && cd OpenCL-ICD-Loader
+mkdir build && cd build
+cmake .. -G Ninja `
+  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+  -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$HOME/dev/llm/opencl" `
+  -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX="$HOME/dev/llm/opencl"
+cmake --build . --target install
+```
+
+Then build llama.cpp with OpenCL enabled,
+
+```powershell
+cmake .. -G Ninja `
+  -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE="$HOME/dev/llm/llama.cpp/cmake/arm64-windows-llvm.cmake" `
+  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release `
+  -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$HOME/dev/llm/opencl" `
+  -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF `
+  -DGGML_OPENCL=ON
+ninja
+```
+
 ## Android
 
 To read documentation for how to build on Android, [click here](./android.md)

docs/multimodal/MobileVLM.md

@@ -9,15 +9,15 @@ The implementation is based on llava, and is compatible with llava and mobileVLM
 Notice: The overall process of model inference for both **MobileVLM** and **MobileVLM_V2** models is the same, but the process of model conversion is a little different. Therefore, using **MobileVLM-1.7B** as an example, the different conversion step will be shown.
 
 ## Usage
-Build with cmake or run `make llama-llava-cli` to build it.
 
-After building, run: `./llama-llava-cli` to see the usage. For example:
+Build the `llama-mtmd-cli` binary.
+
+After building, run: `./llama-mtmd-cli` to see the usage. For example:
 
 ```sh
-./llama-llava-cli -m MobileVLM-1.7B/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
+./llama-mtmd-cli -m MobileVLM-1.7B/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
     --mmproj MobileVLM-1.7B/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
-    --image path/to/an/image.jpg \
-    -p "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWho is the author of this book? Answer the question using a single word or phrase. ASSISTANT:"
+    --chat-template deepseek
 ```
 
 ## Model conversion
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ refer to `android/adb_run.sh`, modify resources' `name` and `path`
 ### case 1
 **input**
 ```sh
-/data/local/tmp/llama-llava-cli \
+/data/local/tmp/llama-mtmd-cli \
     -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
     --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
     -t 4 \
@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ llama_print_timings:       total time =   34731.93 ms
 ### case 2
 **input**
 ```sh
-/data/local/tmp/llama-llava-cli \
+/data/local/tmp/llama-mtmd-cli \
     -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
     --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
     -t 4 \
@@ -123,10 +123,10 @@ llama_print_timings:       total time =   34570.79 ms
 
 ## Some result on Android with `Snapdragon 778G` chip
 ### MobileVLM-1.7B case
-#### llava-cli release-b2005
+#### mtmd-cli release-b2005
 **input**
 ```sh
-/data/local/tmp/llama-llava-cli \
+/data/local/tmp/llama-mtmd-cli \
     -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
     --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
     -t 4 \
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ llama_print_timings: prompt eval time =    8119.49 ms /   191 tokens (   42.51 m
 llama_print_timings:        eval time =    1005.75 ms /    14 runs   (   71.84 ms per token,    13.92 tokens per second)
 llama_print_timings:       total time =   28038.34 ms /   205 tokens
 ```
-#### llava-cli latest-version
+#### mtmd-cli latest-version
 **input**
 
 Just the same as above.
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ llama_print_timings:        eval time =   43894.02 ms /    13 runs   ( 3376.46 m
 llama_print_timings:       total time =  865441.76 ms /   204 tokens
 ```
 ### MobileVLM_V2-1.7B case
-#### llava-cli release-2005b
+#### mtmd-cli release-2005b
 **input**
 
 Just the same as above.
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ make GGML_CUDA=1 CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=sm_87 GGML_CUDA_F16=1 -j 32
 ### case 1
 **input**
 ```sh
-./llama-llava-cli \
+./llama-mtmd-cli \
     -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
     --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
     --image /data/local/tmp/demo.jpeg \
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ llama_print_timings:       total time =    1352.63 ms /   252 tokens
 ### case 2
 **input**
 ```sh
-./llama-llava-cli \
+./llama-mtmd-cli \
     -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
     --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
     -p "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWhat is in the image? ASSISTANT:" \

docs/multimodal/gemma3.md

@@ -11,26 +11,27 @@ You can use pre-quantized model from [ggml-org](https://huggingface.co/ggml-org)
 ```bash
 # build
 cmake -B build
-cmake --build build --target llama-gemma3-cli
+cmake --build build --target llama-mtmd-cli
 
 # alternatively, install from brew (MacOS)
 brew install llama.cpp
 
 # run it
-llama-gemma3-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-4b-it-GGUF
-llama-gemma3-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-12b-it-GGUF
-llama-gemma3-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-27b-it-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-4b-it-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-12b-it-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-27b-it-GGUF
 
 # note: 1B model does not support vision
 ```
 
 ## How to get mmproj.gguf?
 
+Simply to add `--mmproj` in when converting model via `convert_hf_to_gguf.py`:
+
 ```bash
 cd gemma-3-4b-it
-python ../llama.cpp/examples/llava/gemma3_convert_encoder_to_gguf.py .
-
-# output file is mmproj.gguf
+python ../llama.cpp/convert_hf_to_gguf.py --outfile model.gguf --outtype f16 --mmproj .
+# output file: mmproj-model.gguf
 ```
 
 ## How to run it?
@@ -43,8 +44,8 @@ What you need:
 ```bash
 # build
 cmake -B build
-cmake --build build --target llama-gemma3-cli
+cmake --build build --target llama-mtmd-cli
 
 # run it
-./build/bin/llama-gemma3-cli -m {text_model}.gguf --mmproj mmproj.gguf --image your_image.jpg
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m {text_model}.gguf --mmproj mmproj.gguf --image your_image.jpg
 ```

docs/multimodal/glmedge.md

@@ -3,12 +3,12 @@
 Currently this implementation supports [glm-edge-v-2b](https://huggingface.co/THUDM/glm-edge-v-2b) and [glm-edge-v-5b](https://huggingface.co/THUDM/glm-edge-v-5b).
 
 ## Usage
-Build with cmake or run `make llama-llava-cli` to build it.
+Build the `llama-mtmd-cli` binary.
 
-After building, run: `./llama-llava-cli` to see the usage. For example:
+After building, run: `./llama-mtmd-cli` to see the usage. For example:
 
 ```sh
-./llama-llava-cli -m model_path/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj model_path/mmproj-model-f16.gguf --image img_path/image.jpg -p "<|system|>\n system prompt <image><|user|>\n prompt <|assistant|>\n"
+./llama-mtmd-cli -m model_path/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj model_path/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
 ```
 
 **note**: A lower temperature like 0.1 is recommended for better quality. add `--temp 0.1` to the command to do so.

docs/multimodal/granitevision.md

@@ -176,15 +176,11 @@ Note that currently you cannot quantize the visual encoder because granite visio
 
 
 ### 5. Running the Model in Llama cpp
-Build llama cpp normally; you should have a target binary named `llama-llava-cli`, which you can pass two binaries to. As an example, we pass the the llama.cpp banner.
+Build llama cpp normally; you should have a target binary named `llama-mtmd-cli`, which you can pass two binaries to. As an example, we pass the the llama.cpp banner.
 
 ```bash
-$ ./build/bin/llama-llava-cli -m $LLM_GGUF_PATH \
+$ ./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m $LLM_GGUF_PATH \
     --mmproj $VISUAL_GGUF_PATH \
-    --image ./media/llama0-banner.png \
     -c 16384 \
-    -p "<|system|>\nA chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions.\n<|user|>\n\<image>\nWhat does the text in this image say?\n<|assistant|>\n" \
     --temp 0
 ```
-
-Sample output: `The text in the image reads "LLAMA C++ Can it run DOOM Llama?"`

docs/multimodal/llava.md

@@ -0,0 +1,143 @@
+# LLaVA
+
+Currently this implementation supports [llava-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b) variants,
+as well as llava-1.6 [llava-v1.6](https://huggingface.co/collections/liuhaotian/llava-16-65b9e40155f60fd046a5ccf2) variants.
+
+The pre-converted [7b](https://huggingface.co/mys/ggml_llava-v1.5-7b)
+and [13b](https://huggingface.co/mys/ggml_llava-v1.5-13b)
+models are available.
+For llava-1.6 a variety of prepared gguf models are available as well [7b-34b](https://huggingface.co/cmp-nct/llava-1.6-gguf)
+
+After API is confirmed, more models will be supported / uploaded.
+
+## Usage
+Build the `llama-mtmd-cli` binary.
+
+After building, run: `./llama-mtmd-cli` to see the usage. For example:
+
+```sh
+./llama-mtmd-cli -m ../llava-v1.5-7b/ggml-model-f16.gguf \
+    --mmproj ../llava-v1.5-7b/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
+    --chat-template vicuna
+```
+
+**note**: A lower temperature like 0.1 is recommended for better quality. add `--temp 0.1` to the command to do so.
+**note**: For GPU offloading ensure to use the `-ngl` flag just like usual
+
+## LLaVA 1.5
+
+1. Clone a LLaVA and a CLIP model ([available options](https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/main/docs/MODEL_ZOO.md)). For example:
+
+```sh
+git clone https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b
+
+git clone https://huggingface.co/openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336
+```
+
+2. Install the required Python packages:
+
+```sh
+pip install -r examples/llava/requirements.txt
+```
+
+3. Use `llava_surgery.py` to split the LLaVA model to LLaMA and multimodel projector constituents:
+
+```sh
+python ./examples/llava/llava_surgery.py -m ../llava-v1.5-7b
+```
+
+4. Use `convert_image_encoder_to_gguf.py` to convert the LLaVA image encoder to GGUF:
+
+```sh
+python ./examples/llava/convert_image_encoder_to_gguf.py -m ../clip-vit-large-patch14-336 --llava-projector ../llava-v1.5-7b/llava.projector --output-dir ../llava-v1.5-7b
+```
+
+5. Use `examples/convert_legacy_llama.py` to convert the LLaMA part of LLaVA to GGUF:
+
+```sh
+python ./examples/convert_legacy_llama.py ../llava-v1.5-7b --skip-unknown
+```
+
+Now both the LLaMA part and the image encoder are in the `llava-v1.5-7b` directory.
+
+## LLaVA 1.6 gguf conversion
+1) First clone a LLaVA 1.6 model:
+```console
+git clone https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b
+```
+
+2) Install the required Python packages:
+
+```sh
+pip install -r examples/llava/requirements.txt
+```
+
+3) Use `llava_surgery_v2.py` which also supports llava-1.5 variants pytorch as well as safetensor models:
+```console
+python examples/llava/llava_surgery_v2.py -C -m ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/
+```
+- you will find a llava.projector and a llava.clip file in your model directory
+
+4) Copy the llava.clip file into a subdirectory (like vit), rename it to pytorch_model.bin and add a fitting vit configuration to the directory:
+```console
+mkdir vit
+cp ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/llava.clip vit/pytorch_model.bin
+cp ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/llava.projector vit/
+curl -s -q https://huggingface.co/cmp-nct/llava-1.6-gguf/raw/main/config_vit.json -o vit/config.json
+```
+
+5) Create the visual gguf model:
+```console
+python ./examples/llava/convert_image_encoder_to_gguf.py -m vit --llava-projector vit/llava.projector --output-dir vit --clip-model-is-vision
+```
+- This is similar to llava-1.5, the difference is that we tell the encoder that we are working with the pure vision model part of CLIP
+
+6) Then convert the model to gguf format:
+```console
+python ./examples/convert_legacy_llama.py ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/ --skip-unknown
+```
+
+7) And finally we can run the llava cli using the 1.6 model version:
+```console
+./llama-mtmd-cli -m ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj vit/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
+```
+
+**note** llava-1.6 needs more context than llava-1.5, at least 3000 is needed (just run it at -c 4096)
+
+**note** llava-1.6 greatly benefits from batched prompt processing (defaults work)
+
+**note** if the language model in step `6)` is incompatible with the legacy conversion script, the easiest way handle the LLM model conversion is to load the model in transformers, and export only the LLM from the llava next model.
+
+```python
+import os
+import transformers
+
+model_path = ...
+llm_export_path = ...
+
+tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
+model = transformers.AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(model_path)
+
+tokenizer.save_pretrained(llm_export_path)
+model.language_model.save_pretrained(llm_export_path)
+```
+
+Then, you can convert the LLM using the `convert_hf_to_gguf.py` script, which handles more LLM architectures.
+
+## Chat template
+
+For llava-1.5 and llava-1.6, you need to use `vicuna` chat template. Simply add `--chat-template vicuna` to activate this template.
+
+
+## How to know if you are running in llava-1.5 or llava-1.6 mode
+
+When running llava-cli you will see a visual information right before the prompt is being processed:
+
+**Llava-1.5:**
+`encode_image_with_clip: image embedding created: 576 tokens`
+
+**Llava-1.6 (anything above 576):**
+`encode_image_with_clip: image embedding created: 2880 tokens`
+
+
+Alternatively just pay notice to how many "tokens" have been used for your prompt, it will also show 1000+ tokens for llava-1.6

docs/multimodal/minicpmo2.6.md

@@ -40,9 +40,9 @@ python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model
 
 Inference on Linux or Mac
 ```bash
-# run f16 version
-./build/bin/llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
+# run in single-turn mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
 
-# run quantized int4 version
-./build/bin/llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg  -p "What is in the image?"
+# run in conversation mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-o-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
 ```

docs/multimodal/minicpmv2.5.md

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/model
 
 Inference on Linux or Mac
 ```bash
-# run f16 version
-./build/bin/llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/model/model-8B-F16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
+# run in single-turn mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/model/model-8B-F16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
 
-# run quantized int4 version
-./build/bin/llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg  -p "What is in the image?"
+# run in conversation mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
 ```

docs/multimodal/minicpmv2.6.md

@@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/model
 
 Inference on Linux or Mac
 ```bash
-# run f16 version
-./build/bin/llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
+# run in single-turn mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
 
-# run quantized int4 version
-./build/bin/llama-minicpmv-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg  -p "What is in the image?"
+# run in conversation mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-2_6/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
 ```

examples/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -21,11 +21,6 @@ else()
     add_subdirectory(embedding)
     add_subdirectory(eval-callback)
 
-    if (NOT WIN32)
-        # disabled on Windows because it uses internal functions not exported with LLAMA_API
-        add_subdirectory(gbnf-validator)
-    endif()
-
     add_subdirectory(gguf-hash)
     add_subdirectory(gguf-split)
     add_subdirectory(gguf)
@@ -58,10 +53,6 @@ else()
         add_subdirectory(convert-llama2c-to-ggml)
         add_subdirectory(cvector-generator)
         add_subdirectory(export-lora)
-        if (NOT WIN32)
-            # disabled on Windows because it uses internal functions not exported with LLAMA_API
-            add_subdirectory(quantize-stats)
-        endif()
         add_subdirectory(llava)
         if (GGML_RPC)
             add_subdirectory(rpc)

examples/embedding/embedding.cpp

@@ -89,6 +89,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     common_init();
 
     params.embedding = true;
+
+    // utilize the full context
+    if (params.n_batch < params.n_ctx) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: setting batch size to %d\n", __func__, params.n_ctx);
+        params.n_batch = params.n_ctx;
+    }
+
     // For non-causal models, batch size must be equal to ubatch size
     params.n_ubatch = params.n_batch;
 
@@ -134,7 +141,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     // max batch size
     const uint64_t n_batch = params.n_batch;
-    GGML_ASSERT(params.n_batch >= params.n_ctx);
 
     // tokenize the prompts and trim
     std::vector<std::vector<int32_t>> inputs;

examples/gbnf-validator/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +0,0 @@
-set(TARGET llama-gbnf-validator)
-add_executable(${TARGET} gbnf-validator.cpp)
-install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)

examples/gguf-split/gguf-split.cpp

@@ -408,8 +408,6 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
         exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
     }
 
-    std::ofstream fout(split_params.output.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
-    fout.exceptions(std::ofstream::failbit); // fail fast on write errors
 
     auto * ctx_out = gguf_init_empty();
 
@@ -453,7 +451,6 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
                 gguf_free(ctx_gguf);
                 ggml_free(ctx_meta);
                 gguf_free(ctx_out);
-                fout.close();
                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
 
@@ -466,7 +463,6 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
                 gguf_free(ctx_gguf);
                 ggml_free(ctx_meta);
                 gguf_free(ctx_out);
-                fout.close();
                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
 
@@ -479,7 +475,6 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
                 gguf_free(ctx_gguf);
                 ggml_free(ctx_meta);
                 gguf_free(ctx_out);
-                fout.close();
                 exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
             }
 
@@ -500,9 +495,11 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
 
         fprintf(stderr, "\033[3Ddone\n");
     }
-
-    // placeholder for the meta data
-    {
+    std::ofstream fout;
+    if (!split_params.dry_run) {
+        fout.open(split_params.output.c_str(), std::ios::binary);
+        fout.exceptions(std::ofstream::failbit); // fail fast on write errors
+        // placeholder for the meta data
         auto meta_size = gguf_get_meta_size(ctx_out);
         ::zeros(fout, meta_size);
     }
@@ -518,7 +515,9 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
                 ggml_free(ctx_metas[i]);
             }
             gguf_free(ctx_out);
-            fout.close();
+            if (!split_params.dry_run) {
+                fout.close();
+            }
             exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
         }
         fprintf(stderr, "%s: writing tensors %s ...", __func__, split_path);
@@ -540,10 +539,11 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
             auto offset = gguf_get_data_offset(ctx_gguf) + gguf_get_tensor_offset(ctx_gguf, i_tensor);
             f_input.seekg(offset);
             f_input.read((char *)read_data.data(), n_bytes);
-
-            // write tensor data + padding
-            fout.write((const char *)read_data.data(), n_bytes);
-            zeros(fout, GGML_PAD(n_bytes, GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT) - n_bytes);
+            if (!split_params.dry_run) {
+                // write tensor data + padding
+                fout.write((const char *)read_data.data(), n_bytes);
+                zeros(fout, GGML_PAD(n_bytes, GGUF_DEFAULT_ALIGNMENT) - n_bytes);
+            }
         }
 
         gguf_free(ctx_gguf);
@@ -552,16 +552,15 @@ static void gguf_merge(const split_params & split_params) {
         fprintf(stderr, "\033[3Ddone\n");
     }
 
-    {
+    if (!split_params.dry_run) {
         // go back to beginning of file and write the updated metadata
         fout.seekp(0);
         std::vector<uint8_t> data(gguf_get_meta_size(ctx_out));
         gguf_get_meta_data(ctx_out, data.data());
         fout.write((const char *)data.data(), data.size());
-
         fout.close();
-        gguf_free(ctx_out);
     }
+    gguf_free(ctx_out);
 
     fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s merged from %d split with %d tensors.\n",
             __func__, split_params.output.c_str(), n_split, total_tensors);

examples/json_schema_to_grammar.py

@@ -10,6 +10,9 @@ from typing import Any, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Union
 
 def _build_repetition(item_rule, min_items, max_items, separator_rule=None):
 
+    if max_items == 0:
+        return ""
+
     if min_items == 0 and max_items == 1:
         return f'{item_rule}?'
 

examples/llama-bench/README.md

@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ options:
   -p, --n-prompt <n>                        (default: 512)
   -n, --n-gen <n>                           (default: 128)
   -pg <pp,tg>                               (default: )
+  -d, --n-depth <n>                         (default: 0)
   -b, --batch-size <n>                      (default: 2048)
   -ub, --ubatch-size <n>                    (default: 512)
   -ctk, --cache-type-k <t>                  (default: f16)
@@ -66,6 +67,8 @@ With the exception of `-r`, `-o` and `-v`, all options can be specified multiple
 
 Each test is repeated the number of times given by `-r`, and the results are averaged. The results are given in average tokens per second (t/s) and standard deviation. Some output formats (e.g. json) also include the individual results of each repetition.
 
+Using the `-d <n>` option, each test can be run at a specified context depth, prefilling the KV cache with `<n>` tokens.
+
 For a description of the other options, see the [main example](../main/README.md).
 
 Note:
@@ -148,6 +151,19 @@ $ ./llama-bench -ngl 10,20,30,31,32,33,34,35
 | llama 7B mostly Q4_0           |   3.56 GiB |     6.74 B | CUDA       |  35 | pp 512     |   2400.01 ± 7.72 |
 | llama 7B mostly Q4_0           |   3.56 GiB |     6.74 B | CUDA       |  35 | tg 128     |    131.66 ± 0.49 |
 
+### Different prefilled context
+
+```
+$ ./llama-bench -d 0,512
+```
+
+| model                          |       size |     params | backend    | ngl |            test |                  t/s |
+| ------------------------------ | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | --: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium         |   4.36 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |           pp512 |      7340.20 ± 23.45 |
+| qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium         |   4.36 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |           tg128 |        120.60 ± 0.59 |
+| qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium         |   4.36 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |    pp512 @ d512 |      6425.91 ± 18.88 |
+| qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium         |   4.36 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |    tg128 @ d512 |        116.71 ± 0.60 |
+
 ## Output formats
 
 By default, llama-bench outputs the results in markdown format. The results can be output in other formats by using the `-o` option.
@@ -170,9 +186,9 @@ $ ./llama-bench -o csv
 ```
 
 ```csv
-build_commit,build_number,cuda,metal,gpu_blas,blas,cpu_info,gpu_info,model_filename,model_type,model_size,model_n_params,n_batch,n_threads,f16_kv,n_gpu_layers,main_gpu,mul_mat_q,tensor_split,n_prompt,n_gen,test_time,avg_ns,stddev_ns,avg_ts,stddev_ts
-"3469684","1275","1","0","0","1","1","13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K","NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti","models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf","llama 7B mostly Q4_0","3825065984","6738415616","512","16","1","99","0","1","0.00","512","0","2023-09-23T12:09:01Z","212155977","732372","2413.341687","8.305961"
-"3469684","1275","1","0","0","1","1","13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K","NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti","models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf","llama 7B mostly Q4_0","3825065984","6738415616","512","16","1","99","0","1","0.00","0","128","2023-09-23T12:09:02Z","969320879","2728399","132.052051","0.371342"
+build_commit,build_number,cpu_info,gpu_info,backends,model_filename,model_type,model_size,model_n_params,n_batch,n_ubatch,n_threads,cpu_mask,cpu_strict,poll,type_k,type_v,n_gpu_layers,split_mode,main_gpu,no_kv_offload,flash_attn,tensor_split,use_mmap,embeddings,n_prompt,n_gen,n_depth,test_time,avg_ns,stddev_ns,avg_ts,stddev_ts
+"8cf427ff","5163","AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor","NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080","CUDA","models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf","qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium","4677120000","7615616512","2048","512","8","0x0","0","50","f16","f16","99","layer","0","0","0","0.00","1","0","512","0","0","2025-04-24T11:57:09Z","70285660","982040","7285.676949","100.064434"
+"8cf427ff","5163","AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor","NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080","CUDA","models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf","qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium","4677120000","7615616512","2048","512","8","0x0","0","50","f16","f16","99","layer","0","0","0","0.00","1","0","0","128","0","2025-04-24T11:57:10Z","1067431600","3834831","119.915244","0.430617"
 ```
 
 ### JSON
@@ -184,64 +200,78 @@ $ ./llama-bench -o json
 ```json
 [
   {
-    "build_commit": "3469684",
-    "build_number": 1275,
-    "cuda": true,
-    "metal": false,
-    "gpu_blas": true,
-    "blas": true,
-    "cpu_info": "13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K",
-    "gpu_info": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti",
-    "model_filename": "models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf",
-    "model_type": "llama 7B mostly Q4_0",
-    "model_size": 3825065984,
-    "model_n_params": 6738415616,
-    "n_batch": 512,
-    "n_threads": 16,
-    "f16_kv": true,
+    "build_commit": "8cf427ff",
+    "build_number": 5163,
+    "cpu_info": "AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor",
+    "gpu_info": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080",
+    "backends": "CUDA",
+    "model_filename": "models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+    "model_type": "qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium",
+    "model_size": 4677120000,
+    "model_n_params": 7615616512,
+    "n_batch": 2048,
+    "n_ubatch": 512,
+    "n_threads": 8,
+    "cpu_mask": "0x0",
+    "cpu_strict": false,
+    "poll": 50,
+    "type_k": "f16",
+    "type_v": "f16",
     "n_gpu_layers": 99,
+    "split_mode": "layer",
     "main_gpu": 0,
-    "mul_mat_q": true,
+    "no_kv_offload": false,
+    "flash_attn": false,
     "tensor_split": "0.00",
+    "use_mmap": true,
+    "embeddings": false,
     "n_prompt": 512,
     "n_gen": 0,
-    "test_time": "2023-09-23T12:09:57Z",
-    "avg_ns": 212365953,
-    "stddev_ns": 985423,
-    "avg_ts": 2410.974041,
-    "stddev_ts": 11.163766,
-    "samples_ns": [ 213837238, 211635853, 212328053, 211329715, 212698907 ],
-    "samples_ts": [ 2394.34, 2419.25, 2411.36, 2422.75, 2407.16 ]
+    "n_depth": 0,
+    "test_time": "2025-04-24T11:58:50Z",
+    "avg_ns": 72135640,
+    "stddev_ns": 1453752,
+    "avg_ts": 7100.002165,
+    "stddev_ts": 140.341520,
+    "samples_ns": [ 74601900, 71632900, 71745200, 71952700, 70745500 ],
+    "samples_ts": [ 6863.1, 7147.55, 7136.37, 7115.79, 7237.21 ]
   },
   {
-    "build_commit": "3469684",
-    "build_number": 1275,
-    "cuda": true,
-    "metal": false,
-    "gpu_blas": true,
-    "blas": true,
-    "cpu_info": "13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K",
-    "gpu_info": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti",
-    "model_filename": "models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf",
-    "model_type": "llama 7B mostly Q4_0",
-    "model_size": 3825065984,
-    "model_n_params": 6738415616,
-    "n_batch": 512,
-    "n_threads": 16,
-    "f16_kv": true,
+    "build_commit": "8cf427ff",
+    "build_number": 5163,
+    "cpu_info": "AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor",
+    "gpu_info": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080",
+    "backends": "CUDA",
+    "model_filename": "models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf",
+    "model_type": "qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium",
+    "model_size": 4677120000,
+    "model_n_params": 7615616512,
+    "n_batch": 2048,
+    "n_ubatch": 512,
+    "n_threads": 8,
+    "cpu_mask": "0x0",
+    "cpu_strict": false,
+    "poll": 50,
+    "type_k": "f16",
+    "type_v": "f16",
     "n_gpu_layers": 99,
+    "split_mode": "layer",
     "main_gpu": 0,
-    "mul_mat_q": true,
+    "no_kv_offload": false,
+    "flash_attn": false,
     "tensor_split": "0.00",
+    "use_mmap": true,
+    "embeddings": false,
     "n_prompt": 0,
     "n_gen": 128,
-    "test_time": "2023-09-23T12:09:59Z",
-    "avg_ns": 977425219,
-    "stddev_ns": 9268593,
-    "avg_ts": 130.965708,
-    "stddev_ts": 1.238924,
-    "samples_ns": [ 984472709, 974901233, 989474741, 970729355, 967548060 ],
-    "samples_ts": [ 130.019, 131.295, 129.362, 131.86, 132.293 ]
+    "n_depth": 0,
+    "test_time": "2025-04-24T11:58:51Z",
+    "avg_ns": 1076767880,
+    "stddev_ns": 9449585,
+    "avg_ts": 118.881588,
+    "stddev_ts": 1.041811,
+    "samples_ns": [ 1075361300, 1065089400, 1071761200, 1081934900, 1089692600 ],
+    "samples_ts": [ 119.03, 120.178, 119.43, 118.307, 117.464 ]
   }
 ]
 ```
@@ -254,8 +284,8 @@ $ ./llama-bench -o jsonl
 ```
 
 ```json lines
-{"build_commit":"3469684","build_number":1275,"cuda":true,"metal":false,"gpu_blas":true,"blas":true,"cpu_info":"13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K","gpu_info":"NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti","model_filename":"models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf","model_type":"llama 7B mostly Q4_0","model_size":3825065984,"model_n_params":6738415616,"n_batch":512,"n_threads":16,"f16_kv":true,"n_gpu_layers":99,"main_gpu":0,"mul_mat_q":true,"tensor_split":"0.00","n_prompt":512,"n_gen":0,"test_time":"2023-09-23T12:09:57Z","avg_ns":212365953,"stddev_ns":985423,"avg_ts":2410.974041,"stddev_ts":11.163766,"samples_ns":[213837238,211635853,212328053,211329715,212698907],"samples_ts":[2394.34,2419.25,2411.36,2422.75,2407.16]}
-{"build_commit":"3469684","build_number":1275,"cuda":true,"metal":false,"gpu_blas":true,"blas":true,"cpu_info":"13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K","gpu_info":"NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti","model_filename":"models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf","model_type":"llama 7B mostly Q4_0","model_size":3825065984,"model_n_params":6738415616,"n_batch":512,"n_threads":16,"f16_kv":true,"n_gpu_layers":99,"main_gpu":0,"mul_mat_q":true,"tensor_split":"0.00","n_prompt":0,"n_gen":128,"test_time":"2023-09-23T12:09:59Z","avg_ns":977425219,"stddev_ns":9268593,"avg_ts":130.965708,"stddev_ts":1.238924,"samples_ns":[984472709,974901233,989474741,970729355,967548060],"samples_ts":[130.019,131.295,129.362,131.86,132.293]}
+{"build_commit": "8cf427ff", "build_number": 5163, "cpu_info": "AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor", "gpu_info": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080", "backends": "CUDA", "model_filename": "models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf", "model_type": "qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium", "model_size": 4677120000, "model_n_params": 7615616512, "n_batch": 2048, "n_ubatch": 512, "n_threads": 8, "cpu_mask": "0x0", "cpu_strict": false, "poll": 50, "type_k": "f16", "type_v": "f16", "n_gpu_layers": 99, "split_mode": "layer", "main_gpu": 0, "no_kv_offload": false, "flash_attn": false, "tensor_split": "0.00", "use_mmap": true, "embeddings": false, "n_prompt": 512, "n_gen": 0, "n_depth": 0, "test_time": "2025-04-24T11:59:33Z", "avg_ns": 70497220, "stddev_ns": 883196, "avg_ts": 7263.609157, "stddev_ts": 90.940578, "samples_ns": [ 71551000, 71222800, 70364100, 69439100, 69909100 ],"samples_ts": [ 7155.74, 7188.71, 7276.44, 7373.37, 7323.8 ]}
+{"build_commit": "8cf427ff", "build_number": 5163, "cpu_info": "AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor", "gpu_info": "NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080", "backends": "CUDA", "model_filename": "models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf", "model_type": "qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium", "model_size": 4677120000, "model_n_params": 7615616512, "n_batch": 2048, "n_ubatch": 512, "n_threads": 8, "cpu_mask": "0x0", "cpu_strict": false, "poll": 50, "type_k": "f16", "type_v": "f16", "n_gpu_layers": 99, "split_mode": "layer", "main_gpu": 0, "no_kv_offload": false, "flash_attn": false, "tensor_split": "0.00", "use_mmap": true, "embeddings": false, "n_prompt": 0, "n_gen": 128, "n_depth": 0, "test_time": "2025-04-24T11:59:33Z", "avg_ns": 1068078400, "stddev_ns": 6279455, "avg_ts": 119.844681, "stddev_ts": 0.699739, "samples_ns": [ 1066331700, 1064864900, 1079042600, 1063328400, 1066824400 ],"samples_ts": [ 120.038, 120.203, 118.624, 120.377, 119.982 ]}
 ```
 
 
@@ -271,25 +301,32 @@ $ ./llama-bench -o sql
 CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (
   build_commit TEXT,
   build_number INTEGER,
-  cuda INTEGER,
-  metal INTEGER,
-  gpu_blas INTEGER,
-  blas INTEGER,
   cpu_info TEXT,
   gpu_info TEXT,
+  backends TEXT,
   model_filename TEXT,
   model_type TEXT,
   model_size INTEGER,
   model_n_params INTEGER,
   n_batch INTEGER,
+  n_ubatch INTEGER,
   n_threads INTEGER,
-  f16_kv INTEGER,
+  cpu_mask TEXT,
+  cpu_strict INTEGER,
+  poll INTEGER,
+  type_k TEXT,
+  type_v TEXT,
   n_gpu_layers INTEGER,
+  split_mode TEXT,
   main_gpu INTEGER,
-  mul_mat_q INTEGER,
+  no_kv_offload INTEGER,
+  flash_attn INTEGER,
   tensor_split TEXT,
+  use_mmap INTEGER,
+  embeddings INTEGER,
   n_prompt INTEGER,
   n_gen INTEGER,
+  n_depth INTEGER,
   test_time TEXT,
   avg_ns INTEGER,
   stddev_ns INTEGER,
@@ -297,6 +334,6 @@ CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test (
   stddev_ts REAL
 );
 
-INSERT INTO test (build_commit, build_number, cuda, metal, gpu_blas, blas, cpu_info, gpu_info, model_filename, model_type, model_size, model_n_params, n_batch, n_threads, f16_kv, n_gpu_layers, main_gpu, mul_mat_q, tensor_split, n_prompt, n_gen, test_time, avg_ns, stddev_ns, avg_ts, stddev_ts) VALUES ('3469684', '1275', '1', '0', '0', '1', '1', '13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K', 'NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti', 'models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf', 'llama 7B mostly Q4_0', '3825065984', '6738415616', '512', '16', '1', '99', '0', '1', '0.00', '512', '0', '2023-09-23T12:10:30Z', '212693772', '743623', '2407.240204', '8.409634');
-INSERT INTO test (build_commit, build_number, cuda, metal, gpu_blas, blas, cpu_info, gpu_info, model_filename, model_type, model_size, model_n_params, n_batch, n_threads, f16_kv, n_gpu_layers, main_gpu, mul_mat_q, tensor_split, n_prompt, n_gen, test_time, avg_ns, stddev_ns, avg_ts, stddev_ts) VALUES ('3469684', '1275', '1', '0', '0', '1', '1', '13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i9-13900K', 'NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3090 Ti', 'models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf', 'llama 7B mostly Q4_0', '3825065984', '6738415616', '512', '16', '1', '99', '0', '1', '0.00', '0', '128', '2023-09-23T12:10:31Z', '977925003', '4037361', '130.891159', '0.537692');
+INSERT INTO test (build_commit, build_number, cpu_info, gpu_info, backends, model_filename, model_type, model_size, model_n_params, n_batch, n_ubatch, n_threads, cpu_mask, cpu_strict, poll, type_k, type_v, n_gpu_layers, split_mode, main_gpu, no_kv_offload, flash_attn, tensor_split, use_mmap, embeddings, n_prompt, n_gen, n_depth, test_time, avg_ns, stddev_ns, avg_ts, stddev_ts) VALUES ('8cf427ff', '5163', 'AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor', 'NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080', 'CUDA', 'models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf', 'qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium', '4677120000', '7615616512', '2048', '512', '8', '0x0', '0', '50', 'f16', 'f16', '99', 'layer', '0', '0', '0', '0.00', '1', '0', '512', '0', '0', '2025-04-24T12:00:08Z', '69905000', '519516', '7324.546977', '54.032613');
+INSERT INTO test (build_commit, build_number, cpu_info, gpu_info, backends, model_filename, model_type, model_size, model_n_params, n_batch, n_ubatch, n_threads, cpu_mask, cpu_strict, poll, type_k, type_v, n_gpu_layers, split_mode, main_gpu, no_kv_offload, flash_attn, tensor_split, use_mmap, embeddings, n_prompt, n_gen, n_depth, test_time, avg_ns, stddev_ns, avg_ts, stddev_ts) VALUES ('8cf427ff', '5163', 'AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D 8-Core Processor', 'NVIDIA GeForce RTX 4080', 'CUDA', 'models/Qwen2.5-7B-Instruct-Q4_K_M.gguf', 'qwen2 7B Q4_K - Medium', '4677120000', '7615616512', '2048', '512', '8', '0x0', '0', '50', 'f16', 'f16', '99', 'layer', '0', '0', '0', '0.00', '1', '0', '0', '128', '0', '2025-04-24T12:00:09Z', '1063608780', '4464130', '120.346696', '0.504647');
 ```

examples/llama-bench/llama-bench.cpp

@@ -36,6 +36,46 @@ static uint64_t get_time_ns() {
     return std::chrono::nanoseconds(clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
 }
 
+static bool tensor_buft_override_equal(const llama_model_tensor_buft_override& a, const llama_model_tensor_buft_override& b) {
+    if (a.pattern != b.pattern) {
+        // cString comparison that may be null
+        if (a.pattern == nullptr || b.pattern == nullptr) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        if (strcmp(a.pattern, b.pattern) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (a.buft != b.buft) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool vec_tensor_buft_override_equal(const std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override>& a, const std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override>& b) {
+    if (a.size() != b.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) {
+        if (!tensor_buft_override_equal(a[i], b[i])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool vec_vec_tensor_buft_override_equal(const std::vector<std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override>>& a, const std::vector<std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override>>& b) {
+    if (a.size() != b.size()) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < a.size(); i++) {
+        if (!vec_tensor_buft_override_equal(a[i], b[i])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 template <class T> static std::string join(const std::vector<T> & values, const std::string & delim) {
     std::ostringstream str;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < values.size(); i++) {
@@ -160,6 +200,7 @@ struct cmd_params {
     std::vector<int>                 n_prompt;
     std::vector<int>                 n_gen;
     std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> n_pg;
+    std::vector<int>                 n_depth;
     std::vector<int>                 n_batch;
     std::vector<int>                 n_ubatch;
     std::vector<ggml_type>           type_k;
@@ -175,6 +216,7 @@ struct cmd_params {
     std::vector<bool>                no_kv_offload;
     std::vector<bool>                flash_attn;
     std::vector<std::vector<float>>  tensor_split;
+    std::vector<std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override>> tensor_buft_overrides;
     std::vector<bool>                use_mmap;
     std::vector<bool>                embeddings;
     ggml_numa_strategy               numa;
@@ -192,6 +234,7 @@ static const cmd_params cmd_params_defaults = {
     /* n_prompt             */ { 512 },
     /* n_gen                */ { 128 },
     /* n_pg                 */ {},
+    /* n_depth              */ { 0 },
     /* n_batch              */ { 2048 },
     /* n_ubatch             */ { 512 },
     /* type_k               */ { GGML_TYPE_F16 },
@@ -207,6 +250,7 @@ static const cmd_params cmd_params_defaults = {
     /* no_kv_offload        */ { false },
     /* flash_attn           */ { false },
     /* tensor_split         */ { std::vector<float>(llama_max_devices(), 0.0f) },
+    /* tensor_buft_overrides*/ { std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override>{{nullptr,nullptr}} },
     /* use_mmap             */ { true },
     /* embeddings           */ { false },
     /* numa                 */ GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_DISABLED,
@@ -230,6 +274,7 @@ static void print_usage(int /* argc */, char ** argv) {
     printf("  -n, --n-gen <n>                           (default: %s)\n", join(cmd_params_defaults.n_gen, ",").c_str());
     printf("  -pg <pp,tg>                               (default: %s)\n",
            join(transform_to_str(cmd_params_defaults.n_pg, pair_str), ",").c_str());
+    printf("  -d, --n-depth <n>                         (default: %s)\n", join(cmd_params_defaults.n_depth, ",").c_str());
     printf("  -b, --batch-size <n>                      (default: %s)\n",
            join(cmd_params_defaults.n_batch, ",").c_str());
     printf("  -ub, --ubatch-size <n>                    (default: %s)\n",
@@ -265,6 +310,7 @@ static void print_usage(int /* argc */, char ** argv) {
     printf("  -embd, --embeddings <0|1>                 (default: %s)\n",
            join(cmd_params_defaults.embeddings, ",").c_str());
     printf("  -ts, --tensor-split <ts0/ts1/..>          (default: 0)\n");
+    printf("  -ot --override-tensors <tensor name pattern>=<buffer type>;... (default: disabled)\n");
     printf("  -r, --repetitions <n>                     (default: %d)\n", cmd_params_defaults.reps);
     printf("  --prio <0|1|2|3>                          (default: %d)\n", cmd_params_defaults.prio);
     printf("  --delay <0...N> (seconds)                 (default: %d)\n", cmd_params_defaults.delay);
@@ -366,6 +412,13 @@ static cmd_params parse_cmd_params(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 break;
             }
             params.n_pg.push_back({ std::stoi(p[0]), std::stoi(p[1]) });
+        } else if (arg == "-d" || arg == "--n-depth") {
+            if (++i >= argc) {
+                invalid_param = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            auto p = string_split<int>(argv[i], split_delim);
+            params.n_depth.insert(params.n_depth.end(), p.begin(), p.end());
         } else if (arg == "-b" || arg == "--batch-size") {
             if (++i >= argc) {
                 invalid_param = true;
@@ -557,6 +610,87 @@ static cmd_params parse_cmd_params(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 }
                 params.tensor_split.push_back(tensor_split);
             }
+        } else if (arg == "-ot" || arg == "--override-tensor") {
+            if (++i >= argc) {
+                invalid_param = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            auto value = argv[i];
+            /* static */ std::map<std::string, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t> buft_list;
+            if (buft_list.empty()) {
+                // enumerate all the devices and add their buffer types to the list
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < ggml_backend_dev_count(); ++i) {
+                    auto * dev = ggml_backend_dev_get(i);
+                    auto * buft = ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(dev);
+                    if (buft) {
+                        buft_list[ggml_backend_buft_name(buft)] = buft;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            auto override_group_span_len = std::strcspn(value, ",");
+            bool last_group = false;
+            do {
+                if (override_group_span_len == 0) {
+                    // Adds an empty override-tensors for an empty span
+                    params.tensor_buft_overrides.push_back({{}});
+                    if (value[override_group_span_len] == '\0') {
+                        value = &value[override_group_span_len];
+                        last_group = true;
+                    } else {
+                        value = &value[override_group_span_len + 1];
+                        override_group_span_len = std::strcspn(value, ",");
+                    }
+                    continue;
+                }
+                // Stamps null terminators into the argv
+                // value for this option to avoid the
+                // memory leak present in the implementation
+                // over in arg.cpp. Acceptable because we
+                // only parse these args once in this program.
+                auto override_group = value;
+                if (value[override_group_span_len] == '\0') {
+                    value = &value[override_group_span_len];
+                    last_group = true;
+                } else {
+                    value[override_group_span_len] = '\0';
+                    value = &value[override_group_span_len + 1];
+                }
+                std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override> group_tensor_buft_overrides{};
+                auto override_span_len = std::strcspn(override_group, ";");
+                while (override_span_len > 0) {
+                    auto override = override_group;
+                    if (override_group[override_span_len] != '\0') {
+                        override_group[override_span_len] = '\0';
+                        override_group = &override_group[override_span_len + 1];
+                    } else {
+                        override_group = &override_group[override_span_len];
+                    }
+                    auto tensor_name_span_len = std::strcspn(override, "=");
+                    if (tensor_name_span_len >= override_span_len) {
+                        invalid_param = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    override[tensor_name_span_len] = '\0';
+                    auto tensor_name = override;
+                    auto buffer_type = &override[tensor_name_span_len + 1];
+                    if (buft_list.find(buffer_type) == buft_list.end()) {
+                        printf("Available buffer types:\n");
+                        for (const auto & it : buft_list) {
+                            printf("  %s\n", ggml_backend_buft_name(it.second));
+                        }
+                        invalid_param = true;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                    group_tensor_buft_overrides.push_back({tensor_name, buft_list.at(buffer_type)});
+                    override_span_len = std::strcspn(override_group, ";");
+                }
+                if (invalid_param) {
+                    break;
+                }
+                group_tensor_buft_overrides.push_back({nullptr,nullptr});
+                params.tensor_buft_overrides.push_back(group_tensor_buft_overrides);
+                override_group_span_len = std::strcspn(value, ",");
+            } while (!last_group);
         } else if (arg == "-r" || arg == "--repetitions") {
             if (++i >= argc) {
                 invalid_param = true;
@@ -615,6 +749,9 @@ static cmd_params parse_cmd_params(int argc, char ** argv) {
     if (params.n_pg.empty()) {
         params.n_pg = cmd_params_defaults.n_pg;
     }
+    if (params.n_depth.empty()) {
+        params.n_depth = cmd_params_defaults.n_depth;
+    }
     if (params.n_batch.empty()) {
         params.n_batch = cmd_params_defaults.n_batch;
     }
@@ -648,6 +785,9 @@ static cmd_params parse_cmd_params(int argc, char ** argv) {
     if (params.tensor_split.empty()) {
         params.tensor_split = cmd_params_defaults.tensor_split;
     }
+    if (params.tensor_buft_overrides.empty()) {
+        params.tensor_buft_overrides = cmd_params_defaults.tensor_buft_overrides;
+    }
     if (params.use_mmap.empty()) {
         params.use_mmap = cmd_params_defaults.use_mmap;
     }
@@ -674,6 +814,7 @@ struct cmd_params_instance {
     std::string        model;
     int                n_prompt;
     int                n_gen;
+    int                n_depth;
     int                n_batch;
     int                n_ubatch;
     ggml_type          type_k;
@@ -689,6 +830,7 @@ struct cmd_params_instance {
     bool               no_kv_offload;
     bool               flash_attn;
     std::vector<float> tensor_split;
+    std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override> tensor_buft_overrides;
     bool               use_mmap;
     bool               embeddings;
 
@@ -733,19 +875,26 @@ struct cmd_params_instance {
         mparams.tensor_split = tensor_split.data();
         mparams.use_mmap     = use_mmap;
 
+        if (tensor_buft_overrides.empty()) {
+            mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = nullptr;
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor_buft_overrides.back().pattern == nullptr && "Tensor buffer overrides not terminated with empty pattern");
+            mparams.tensor_buft_overrides = tensor_buft_overrides.data();
+        }
+
         return mparams;
     }
 
     bool equal_mparams(const cmd_params_instance & other) const {
         return model == other.model && n_gpu_layers == other.n_gpu_layers && rpc_servers_str == other.rpc_servers_str &&
                split_mode == other.split_mode && main_gpu == other.main_gpu && use_mmap == other.use_mmap &&
-               tensor_split == other.tensor_split;
+               tensor_split == other.tensor_split && vec_tensor_buft_override_equal(tensor_buft_overrides, other.tensor_buft_overrides);
     }
 
     llama_context_params to_llama_cparams() const {
         llama_context_params cparams = llama_context_default_params();
 
-        cparams.n_ctx       = n_prompt + n_gen;
+        cparams.n_ctx       = n_prompt + n_gen + n_depth;
         cparams.n_batch     = n_batch;
         cparams.n_ubatch    = n_ubatch;
         cparams.type_k      = type_k;
@@ -769,6 +918,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
     for (const auto & sm : params.split_mode)
     for (const auto & mg : params.main_gpu)
     for (const auto & ts : params.tensor_split)
+    for (const auto & ot : params.tensor_buft_overrides)
     for (const auto & mmp : params.use_mmap)
     for (const auto & embd : params.embeddings)
     for (const auto & nb : params.n_batch)
@@ -780,6 +930,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
     for (const auto & nt : params.n_threads)
     for (const auto & cm : params.cpu_mask)
     for (const auto & cs : params.cpu_strict)
+    for (const auto & nd : params.n_depth)
     for (const auto & pl : params.poll) {
         for (const auto & n_prompt : params.n_prompt) {
             if (n_prompt == 0) {
@@ -789,6 +940,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                 /* .model        = */ m,
                 /* .n_prompt     = */ n_prompt,
                 /* .n_gen        = */ 0,
+                /* .n_depth      = */ nd,
                 /* .n_batch      = */ nb,
                 /* .n_ubatch     = */ nub,
                 /* .type_k       = */ tk,
@@ -804,6 +956,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                 /* .no_kv_offload= */ nkvo,
                 /* .flash_attn   = */ fa,
                 /* .tensor_split = */ ts,
+                /* .tensor_buft_overrides = */ ot,
                 /* .use_mmap     = */ mmp,
                 /* .embeddings   = */ embd,
             };
@@ -818,6 +971,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                 /* .model        = */ m,
                 /* .n_prompt     = */ 0,
                 /* .n_gen        = */ n_gen,
+                /* .n_depth      = */ nd,
                 /* .n_batch      = */ nb,
                 /* .n_ubatch     = */ nub,
                 /* .type_k       = */ tk,
@@ -833,6 +987,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                 /* .no_kv_offload= */ nkvo,
                 /* .flash_attn   = */ fa,
                 /* .tensor_split = */ ts,
+                /* .tensor_buft_overrides = */ ot,
                 /* .use_mmap     = */ mmp,
                 /* .embeddings   = */ embd,
             };
@@ -847,6 +1002,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                 /* .model        = */ m,
                 /* .n_prompt     = */ n_pg.first,
                 /* .n_gen        = */ n_pg.second,
+                /* .n_depth      = */ nd,
                 /* .n_batch      = */ nb,
                 /* .n_ubatch     = */ nub,
                 /* .type_k       = */ tk,
@@ -862,6 +1018,7 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                 /* .no_kv_offload= */ nkvo,
                 /* .flash_attn   = */ fa,
                 /* .tensor_split = */ ts,
+                /* .tensor_buft_overrides = */ ot,
                 /* .use_mmap     = */ mmp,
                 /* .embeddings   = */ embd,
             };
@@ -896,10 +1053,12 @@ struct test {
     bool                     no_kv_offload;
     bool                     flash_attn;
     std::vector<float>       tensor_split;
+    std::vector<llama_model_tensor_buft_override> tensor_buft_overrides;
     bool                     use_mmap;
     bool                     embeddings;
     int                      n_prompt;
     int                      n_gen;
+    int                      n_depth;
     std::string              test_time;
     std::vector<uint64_t>    samples_ns;
 
@@ -927,10 +1086,12 @@ struct test {
         no_kv_offload  = inst.no_kv_offload;
         flash_attn     = inst.flash_attn;
         tensor_split   = inst.tensor_split;
+        tensor_buft_overrides = inst.tensor_buft_overrides;
         use_mmap       = inst.use_mmap;
         embeddings     = inst.embeddings;
         n_prompt       = inst.n_prompt;
         n_gen          = inst.n_gen;
+        n_depth        = inst.n_depth;
         // RFC 3339 date-time format
         time_t t       = time(NULL);
         std::strftime(buf, sizeof(buf), "%FT%TZ", gmtime(&t));
@@ -973,8 +1134,10 @@ struct test {
             "model_type",   "model_size",   "model_n_params", "n_batch",    "n_ubatch",     "n_threads",
             "cpu_mask",     "cpu_strict",   "poll",           "type_k",     "type_v",       "n_gpu_layers",
             "split_mode",   "main_gpu",     "no_kv_offload",  "flash_attn", "tensor_split", "use_mmap",
-            "embeddings",   "n_prompt",     "n_gen",          "test_time",  "avg_ns",       "stddev_ns",
-            "avg_ts",       "stddev_ts",
+            "embeddings",   "n_prompt",     "n_gen",          "n_depth",    "test_time",    "avg_ns",
+            "split_mode",   "main_gpu",     "no_kv_offload",  "flash_attn", "tensor_split", "tensor_buft_overrides",
+            "use_mmap",     "embeddings",   "n_prompt",       "n_gen",      "n_depth",      "test_time",
+            "avg_ns",       "stddev_ns",    "avg_ts",         "stddev_ts",
         };
         return fields;
     }
@@ -984,8 +1147,8 @@ struct test {
     static field_type get_field_type(const std::string & field) {
         if (field == "build_number" || field == "n_batch" || field == "n_ubatch" || field == "n_threads" ||
             field == "poll" || field == "model_size" || field == "model_n_params" || field == "n_gpu_layers" ||
-            field == "main_gpu" || field == "n_prompt" || field == "n_gen" || field == "avg_ns" ||
-            field == "stddev_ns") {
+            field == "main_gpu" || field == "n_prompt" || field == "n_gen" || field == "n_depth" ||
+            field == "avg_ns" || field == "stddev_ns") {
             return INT;
         }
         if (field == "f16_kv" || field == "no_kv_offload" || field == "cpu_strict" || field == "flash_attn" ||
@@ -1000,6 +1163,7 @@ struct test {
 
     std::vector<std::string> get_values() const {
         std::string tensor_split_str;
+        std::string tensor_buft_overrides_str;
         int         max_nonzero = 0;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < llama_max_devices(); i++) {
             if (tensor_split[i] > 0) {
@@ -1014,6 +1178,26 @@ struct test {
                 tensor_split_str += "/";
             }
         }
+        if (tensor_buft_overrides.size() == 1) {
+            // Last element of tensor_buft_overrides is always a null pattern
+            // so if it is only one element long, it must be a null pattern.
+            GGML_ASSERT(tensor_buft_overrides[0].pattern == nullptr);
+            tensor_buft_overrides_str += "none";
+        } else {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < tensor_buft_overrides.size()-1; i++) {
+                // Last element of tensor_buft_overrides is always a null pattern
+                if (tensor_buft_overrides[i].pattern == nullptr) {
+                    tensor_buft_overrides_str += "none";
+                } else {
+                    tensor_buft_overrides_str += tensor_buft_overrides[i].pattern;
+                    tensor_buft_overrides_str += "=";
+                    tensor_buft_overrides_str += ggml_backend_buft_name(tensor_buft_overrides[i].buft);
+                }
+                if (i + 2 < tensor_buft_overrides.size()) {
+                    tensor_buft_overrides_str += ";";
+                }
+            }
+        }
         std::vector<std::string> values = { build_commit,
                                             std::to_string(build_number),
                                             cpu_info,
@@ -1037,10 +1221,12 @@ struct test {
                                             std::to_string(no_kv_offload),
                                             std::to_string(flash_attn),
                                             tensor_split_str,
+                                            tensor_buft_overrides_str,
                                             std::to_string(use_mmap),
                                             std::to_string(embeddings),
                                             std::to_string(n_prompt),
                                             std::to_string(n_gen),
+                                            std::to_string(n_depth),
                                             test_time,
                                             std::to_string(avg_ns()),
                                             std::to_string(stdev_ns()),
@@ -1218,7 +1404,7 @@ struct markdown_printer : public printer {
             return 4;
         }
         if (field == "test") {
-            return 13;
+            return 15;
         }
 
         int width = std::max((int) field.length(), 10);
@@ -1254,6 +1440,9 @@ struct markdown_printer : public printer {
         if (field == "tensor_split") {
             return "ts";
         }
+        if (field == "tensor_buft_overrides") {
+            return "ot";
+        }
         return field;
     }
 
@@ -1307,6 +1496,9 @@ struct markdown_printer : public printer {
         if (params.tensor_split.size() > 1 || params.tensor_split != cmd_params_defaults.tensor_split) {
             fields.emplace_back("tensor_split");
         }
+        if (params.tensor_buft_overrides.size() > 1 || !vec_vec_tensor_buft_override_equal(params.tensor_buft_overrides, cmd_params_defaults.tensor_buft_overrides)) {
+            fields.emplace_back("tensor_buft_overrides");
+        }
         if (params.use_mmap.size() > 1 || params.use_mmap != cmd_params_defaults.use_mmap) {
             fields.emplace_back("use_mmap");
         }
@@ -1362,6 +1554,10 @@ struct markdown_printer : public printer {
                 } else {
                     snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "pp%d+tg%d", t.n_prompt, t.n_gen);
                 }
+                if (t.n_depth > 0) {
+                    int len = strlen(buf);
+                    snprintf(buf + len, sizeof(buf) - len, " @ d%d", t.n_depth);
+                }
                 value = buf;
             } else if (field == "t/s") {
                 snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "%.2f ± %.2f", t.avg_ts(), t.stdev_ts());
@@ -1620,6 +1816,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         for (int i = 0; i < params.reps; i++) {
             llama_kv_self_clear(ctx);
 
+            if (t.n_depth > 0) {
+                if (params.progress) {
+                    fprintf(stderr, "llama-bench: benchmark %d/%zu: depth run %d/%d\n", params_idx, params_count,
+                            i + 1, params.reps);
+                }
+                test_prompt(ctx, t.n_depth, t.n_batch, t.n_threads);
+            }
+
             uint64_t t_start = get_time_ns();
 
             if (t.n_prompt > 0) {

examples/llama.android/llama/build.gradle.kts

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ android {
         }
         externalNativeBuild {
             cmake {
+                arguments += "-DLLAMA_CURL=OFF"
                 arguments += "-DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=ON"
                 arguments += "-DGGML_LLAMAFILE=OFF"
                 arguments += "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release"

examples/llava/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+# llava (legacy)
+
 add_library(llava OBJECT
             llava.cpp
             llava.h
@@ -22,40 +24,53 @@ if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
     install(TARGETS llava_shared LIBRARY)
 endif()
 
+# mtmd
+
+add_library(mtmd OBJECT
+            mtmd.cpp
+            mtmd.h
+            clip.cpp
+            clip.h
+            clip-impl.h
+            )
+
+target_link_libraries(mtmd PRIVATE ggml llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+
+target_include_directories(mtmd PUBLIC .)
+target_include_directories(mtmd PRIVATE ../..)
+target_include_directories(mtmd PRIVATE ../../common) # for stb_image.h
+
+target_compile_features(mtmd PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
+
+add_library(mtmd_static STATIC $<TARGET_OBJECTS:mtmd>)
+if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
+    set_target_properties(mtmd PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
+    target_compile_definitions(mtmd PRIVATE LLAMA_SHARED LLAMA_BUILD)
+    add_library(mtmd_shared SHARED $<TARGET_OBJECTS:mtmd>)
+    target_link_libraries(mtmd_shared PRIVATE ggml llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+    install(TARGETS mtmd_shared LIBRARY)
+endif()
+
 if (NOT MSVC)
     target_compile_options(llava PRIVATE -Wno-cast-qual) # stb_image.h
+    target_compile_options(mtmd PRIVATE -Wno-cast-qual) # stb_image.h
 endif()
 
 if(TARGET BUILD_INFO)
     add_dependencies(llava BUILD_INFO)
+    add_dependencies(mtmd BUILD_INFO)
 endif()
 
-set(TARGET llama-llava-cli)
-add_executable(${TARGET} llava-cli.cpp)
-set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME llama-llava-cli)
-install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llava ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
+add_executable(llama-llava-cli    deprecation-warning.cpp)
+add_executable(llama-gemma3-cli   deprecation-warning.cpp)
+add_executable(llama-minicpmv-cli deprecation-warning.cpp)
+add_executable(llama-qwen2vl-cli  deprecation-warning.cpp)
 
-set(TARGET llama-minicpmv-cli)
-add_executable(${TARGET} minicpmv-cli.cpp)
-set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME llama-minicpmv-cli)
+set(TARGET llama-mtmd-cli)
+add_executable(${TARGET} mtmd-cli.cpp)
+set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME llama-mtmd-cli)
 install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llava ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
-
-set(TARGET llama-qwen2vl-cli)
-add_executable(${TARGET} qwen2vl-cli.cpp)
-set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME llama-qwen2vl-cli)
-install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llava ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
-
-set(TARGET llama-gemma3-cli)
-add_executable(${TARGET} gemma3-cli.cpp)
-set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME llama-gemma3-cli)
-install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llava ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common mtmd ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
 target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
 
 set(TARGET llama-llava-clip-quantize-cli)

examples/llava/README.md

@@ -1,158 +1,75 @@
-# LLaVA
+# Multimodal Support in llama.cpp
 
-Currently this implementation supports [llava-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b) variants,
-as well as llava-1.6 [llava-v1.6](https://huggingface.co/collections/liuhaotian/llava-16-65b9e40155f60fd046a5ccf2) variants.
+This directory provides multimodal capabilities for `llama.cpp`. Initially intended as a showcase for running LLaVA models, its scope has expanded significantly over time to include various other vision-capable models. As a result, LLaVA is no longer the only multimodal architecture supported.
 
-The pre-converted [7b](https://huggingface.co/mys/ggml_llava-v1.5-7b)
-and [13b](https://huggingface.co/mys/ggml_llava-v1.5-13b)
-models are available.
-For llava-1.6 a variety of prepared gguf models are available as well [7b-34b](https://huggingface.co/cmp-nct/llava-1.6-gguf)
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+>
+> Multimodal support can be viewed as a sub-project within `llama.cpp`. It is under **very heavy development**, and **breaking changes are expected**.
 
-After API is confirmed, more models will be supported / uploaded.
+The naming and structure related to multimodal support have evolved, which might cause some confusion. Here's a brief timeline to clarify:
 
-## Usage
-Build with cmake or run `make llama-llava-cli` to build it.
+- [#3436](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/3436): Initial support for LLaVA 1.5 was added, introducing `llava.cpp` and `clip.cpp`. The `llava-cli` binary was created for model interaction.
+- [#4954](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/4954): Support for MobileVLM was added, becoming the second vision model supported. This built upon the existing `llava.cpp`, `clip.cpp`, and `llava-cli` infrastructure.
+- **Expansion & Fragmentation:** Many new models were subsequently added (e.g., [#7599](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/7599), [#10361](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/10361), [#12344](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12344), and others). However, `llava-cli` lacked support for the increasingly complex chat templates required by these models. This led to the creation of model-specific binaries like `qwen2vl-cli`, `minicpmv-cli`, and `gemma3-cli`. While functional, this proliferation of command-line tools became confusing for users.
+- [#12849](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12849): `libmtmd` was introduced as a replacement for `llava.cpp`. Its goals include providing a single, unified command-line interface, improving the user/developer experience (UX/DX), and supporting both audio and image inputs.
+- [#13012](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13012): `mtmd-cli` was added, consolidating the various model-specific CLIs into a single tool powered by `libmtmd`.
 
-After building, run: `./llama-llava-cli` to see the usage. For example:
+## Pre-quantized models
+
+These are ready-to-use models, most of them come with `Q4_K_M` quantization by default:
 
 ```sh
-./llama-llava-cli -m ../llava-v1.5-7b/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../llava-v1.5-7b/mmproj-model-f16.gguf --image path/to/an/image.jpg
+# Gemma 3
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-4b-it-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-12b-it-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-27b-it-GGUF
+
+# SmolVLM
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/SmolVLM-Instruct-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/SmolVLM-256M-Instruct-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/SmolVLM-500M-Instruct-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/SmolVLM2-2.2B-Instruct-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/SmolVLM2-256M-Video-Instruct-GGUF
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/SmolVLM2-500M-Video-Instruct-GGUF
+
+# Pixtral 12B
+llama-mtmd-cli -hf ggml-org/pixtral-12b-GGUF
 ```
 
-**note**: A lower temperature like 0.1 is recommended for better quality. add `--temp 0.1` to the command to do so.
-**note**: For GPU offloading ensure to use the `-ngl` flag just like usual
+## How it works and what is `mmproj`?
 
-## LLaVA 1.5
+Multimodal support in `llama.cpp` works by encoding images into embeddings using a separate model component, and then feeding these embeddings into the language model.
 
-1. Clone a LLaVA and a CLIP model ([available options](https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/main/docs/MODEL_ZOO.md)). For example:
+This approach keeps the multimodal components distinct from the core `libllama` library. Separating these allows for faster, independent development cycles. While many modern vision models are based on Vision Transformers (ViTs), their specific pre-processing and projection steps can vary significantly. Integrating this diverse complexity directly into `libllama` is currently challenging.
 
-```sh
-git clone https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b
+Consequently, running a multimodal model typically requires two GGUF files:
+1.  The standard language model file.
+2.  A corresponding **multimodal projector (`mmproj`)** file, which handles the image encoding and projection.
 
-git clone https://huggingface.co/openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336
-```
+## What is `libmtmd`?
 
-2. Install the required Python packages:
+As outlined in the history, `libmtmd` is the modern library designed to replace the original `llava.cpp` implementation for handling multimodal inputs.
 
-```sh
-pip install -r examples/llava/requirements.txt
-```
+Built upon `clip.cpp` (similar to `llava.cpp`), `libmtmd` offers several advantages:
+- **Unified Interface:** Aims to consolidate interaction for various multimodal models.
+- **Improved UX/DX:** Features a more intuitive API, inspired by the `Processor` class in the Hugging Face `transformers` library.
+- **Flexibility:** Designed to support multiple input types (text, audio, images) while respecting the wide variety of chat templates used by different models.
 
-3. Use `llava_surgery.py` to split the LLaVA model to LLaMA and multimodel projector constituents:
+## How to obtain `mmproj`
 
-```sh
-python ./examples/llava/llava_surgery.py -m ../llava-v1.5-7b
-```
+Multimodal projector (`mmproj`) files are specific to each model architecture. Please refer to the relevant guide for instructions on how to obtain or create them:
 
-4. Use `convert_image_encoder_to_gguf.py` to convert the LLaVA image encoder to GGUF:
+- [LLaVA](../../docs/multimodal/llava.md)
+- [MobileVLM](../../docs/multimodal/MobileVLM.md)
+- [GLM-Edge](../../docs/multimodal/glmedge.md)
+- [MiniCPM-V 2.5](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmv2.5.md)
+- [MiniCPM-V 2.6](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmv2.6.md)
+- [MiniCPM-o 2.6](../../docs/multimodal/minicpmo2.6.md)
+- [IBM Granite Vision](../../docs/multimodal/granitevision.md)
+- [Google Gemma 3](../../docs/multimodal/gemma3.md)
 
-```sh
-python ./examples/llava/convert_image_encoder_to_gguf.py -m ../clip-vit-large-patch14-336 --llava-projector ../llava-v1.5-7b/llava.projector --output-dir ../llava-v1.5-7b
-```
-
-5. Use `examples/convert_legacy_llama.py` to convert the LLaMA part of LLaVA to GGUF:
-
-```sh
-python ./examples/convert_legacy_llama.py ../llava-v1.5-7b --skip-unknown
-```
-
-Now both the LLaMA part and the image encoder are in the `llava-v1.5-7b` directory.
-
-## LLaVA 1.6 gguf conversion
-1) First clone a LLaVA 1.6 model:
-```console
-git clone https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b
-```
-
-2) Install the required Python packages:
-
-```sh
-pip install -r examples/llava/requirements.txt
-```
-
-3) Use `llava_surgery_v2.py` which also supports llava-1.5 variants pytorch as well as safetensor models:
-```console
-python examples/llava/llava_surgery_v2.py -C -m ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/
-```
-- you will find a llava.projector and a llava.clip file in your model directory
-
-4) Copy the llava.clip file into a subdirectory (like vit), rename it to pytorch_model.bin and add a fitting vit configuration to the directory:
-```console
-mkdir vit
-cp ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/llava.clip vit/pytorch_model.bin
-cp ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/llava.projector vit/
-curl -s -q https://huggingface.co/cmp-nct/llava-1.6-gguf/raw/main/config_vit.json -o vit/config.json
-```
-
-5) Create the visual gguf model:
-```console
-python ./examples/llava/convert_image_encoder_to_gguf.py -m vit --llava-projector vit/llava.projector --output-dir vit --clip-model-is-vision
-```
-- This is similar to llava-1.5, the difference is that we tell the encoder that we are working with the pure vision model part of CLIP
-
-6) Then convert the model to gguf format:
-```console
-python ./examples/convert_legacy_llama.py ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/ --skip-unknown
-```
-
-7) And finally we can run the llava cli using the 1.6 model version:
-```console
-./llama-llava-cli -m ../llava-v1.6-vicuna-7b/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj vit/mmproj-model-f16.gguf --image some-image.jpg -c 4096
-```
-
-**note** llava-1.6 needs more context than llava-1.5, at least 3000 is needed (just run it at -c 4096)
-
-**note** llava-1.6 greatly benefits from batched prompt processing (defaults work)
-
-**note** if the language model in step `6)` is incompatible with the legacy conversion script, the easiest way handle the LLM model conversion is to load the model in transformers, and export only the LLM from the llava next model.
-
-```python
-import os
-import transformers
-
-model_path = ...
-llm_export_path = ...
-
-tokenizer = transformers.AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path)
-model = transformers.AutoModelForImageTextToText.from_pretrained(model_path)
-
-tokenizer.save_pretrained(llm_export_path)
-model.language_model.save_pretrained(llm_export_path)
-```
-
-Then, you can convert the LLM using the `convert_hf_to_gguf.py` script, which handles more LLM architectures.
-
-## llava-cli templating and llava-1.6 prompting
-
-llava-1.5 models all use the same vicuna prompt, here you can just add your image question like `-p "Provide a full description."`
-For llava-1.5 models which are not vicuna (mistral and Yi) you need to adapt system prompt as well as user prompt, for this purpose llava-cli has a basic templating system:
-
-**For Mistral and using llava-cli binary:**
-Add this: `-p "<image>\nUSER:\nProvide a full description.\nASSISTANT:\n"`
-The mistral template for llava-1.6 seems to be no system print and a USER/ASSISTANT role
-
-**For the 34B this should work:**
-Add this: `-e -p <|im_start|>system\nAnswer the questions.<|im_end|><|im_start|>user\n<image>\nProvide a full description.<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant\n`
-
-
-## How to know if you are running in llava-1.5 or llava-1.6 mode
-
-When running llava-cli you will see a visual information right before the prompt is being processed:
-
-**Llava-1.5:**
-`encode_image_with_clip: image embedding created: 576 tokens`
-
-**Llava-1.6 (anything above 576):**
-`encode_image_with_clip: image embedding created: 2880 tokens`
-
-
-Alternatively just pay notice to how many "tokens" have been used for your prompt, it will also show 1000+ tokens for llava-1.6
-
-
-
-
-## TODO
-
-- [x] Support non-CPU backend for the image encoding part.
-- [ ] Support different sampling methods.
-- [ ] Support more model variants.
+For the following models, you can use `convert_hf_to_gguf.py`with `--mmproj` flag to get the `mmproj` file:
+- [Gemma 3](https://huggingface.co/collections/google/gemma-3-release-67c6c6f89c4f76621268bb6d) - Note: 1B variant does not have vision support
+- SmolVLM (from [HuggingFaceTB](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB))
+- SmolVLM2 (from [HuggingFaceTB](https://huggingface.co/HuggingFaceTB))
+- [Pixtral 12B](https://huggingface.co/mistral-community/pixtral-12b) - only works with `transformers`-compatible checkpoint

examples/llava/android/adb_run.sh

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ prompt="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant.
 # prompt="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWhat is in the image? ASSISTANT:"
 
 program_dir="build_64/bin"
-binName="llama-llava-cli"
+binName="llama-mtmd-cli"
 n_threads=4
 
 

examples/llava/clip-impl.h

@@ -0,0 +1,347 @@
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "gguf.h"
+#include "clip.h"
+
+#include "clip.h"
+
+#include <climits>
+#include <cstdarg>
+#include <string>
+#include <map>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <vector>
+#include <memory>
+
+// Internal header for clip.cpp
+
+#define KEY_FTYPE               "general.file_type"
+#define KEY_NAME                "general.name"
+#define KEY_DESCRIPTION         "general.description"
+#define KEY_MINICPMV_VERSION    "clip.minicpmv_version"
+#define KEY_USE_GELU            "clip.use_gelu"
+#define KEY_USE_SILU            "clip.use_silu"
+#define KEY_N_EMBD              "clip.vision.embedding_length"
+#define KEY_N_FF                "clip.vision.feed_forward_length"
+#define KEY_N_BLOCK             "clip.vision.block_count"
+#define KEY_N_HEAD              "clip.vision.attention.head_count"
+#define KEY_LAYER_NORM_EPS      "clip.vision.attention.layer_norm_epsilon"
+#define KEY_PROJ_DIM            "clip.vision.projection_dim"
+#define KEY_IMAGE_SIZE          "clip.vision.image_size"
+#define KEY_PATCH_SIZE          "clip.vision.patch_size"
+#define KEY_IMAGE_MEAN          "clip.vision.image_mean"
+#define KEY_IMAGE_STD           "clip.vision.image_std"
+#define KEY_FEATURE_LAYER       "clip.vision.feature_layer"
+#define KEY_PROJ_SCALE_FACTOR   "clip.vision.projector.scale_factor"
+#define KEY_PROJ_TYPE           "clip.projector_type"
+
+#define KEY_USE_GLU_MLP         "clip.use_glu_mlp"  // for qwen2.5vl
+#define KEY_USE_RMS_NORM        "clip.use_rms_norm" // for qwen2.5vl
+
+#define KEY_MM_PATCH_MERGE_TYPE   "clip.vision.mm_patch_merge_type"
+#define KEY_IMAGE_GRID_PINPOINTS  "clip.vision.image_grid_pinpoints"
+#define KEY_IMAGE_CROP_RESOLUTION "clip.vision.image_crop_resolution"
+#define KEY_WIN_ATTN_PATTERN      "clip.vision.n_wa_pattern"
+#define KEY_ATTN_WINDOW_SIZE      "clip.vision.window_size"
+
+
+//
+// tensor name constants
+//
+
+#define TN_POS_EMBD        "%s.position_embd.weight"
+#define TN_CLASS_EMBD      "v.class_embd"
+#define TN_PATCH_EMBD      "v.patch_embd.weight"  // not rename tensor with ".0" postfix for backwrad compat
+#define TN_PATCH_EMBD_1    "v.patch_embd.weight.1"
+#define TN_PATCH_BIAS      "v.patch_embd.bias"
+#define TN_ATTN_K          "%s.blk.%d.attn_k.%s"
+#define TN_ATTN_Q          "%s.blk.%d.attn_q.%s"
+#define TN_ATTN_V          "%s.blk.%d.attn_v.%s"
+#define TN_ATTN_OUTPUT     "%s.blk.%d.attn_out.%s"
+#define TN_FFN_DOWN        "%s.blk.%d.ffn_down.%s"
+#define TN_FFN_GATE        "%s.blk.%d.ffn_gate.%s"
+#define TN_FFN_UP          "%s.blk.%d.ffn_up.%s"
+#define TN_FFN_GATE        "%s.blk.%d.ffn_gate.%s"
+#define TN_LN_1            "%s.blk.%d.ln1.%s"
+#define TN_LN_2            "%s.blk.%d.ln2.%s"
+#define TN_LN_PRE          "%s.pre_ln.%s"
+#define TN_LN_POST         "%s.post_ln.%s"
+#define TN_LLAVA_PROJ      "mm.%d.%s"
+#define TN_MVLM_PROJ_MLP   "mm.model.mlp.%d.%s"
+#define TN_MVLM_PROJ_BLOCK "mm.model.mb_block.%d.block.%d.%s"
+#define TN_MVLM_PROJ_PEG   "mm.model.peg.%d.%s"
+#define TN_IMAGE_NEWLINE   "model.image_newline"
+#define TN_MM_INP_PROJ     "mm.input_projection.weight" // gemma3
+#define TN_MM_SOFT_EMB_N   "mm.soft_emb_norm.weight"    // gemma3
+#define TN_MM_PROJECTOR    "mm.model.fc.weight"         // idefics3
+#define TN_TOK_IMG_BREAK   "v.token_embd.img_break"     // pixtral
+
+// mimicpmv
+#define TN_MINICPMV_POS_EMBD_K "resampler.pos_embed_k"
+#define TN_MINICPMV_QUERY      "resampler.query"
+#define TN_MINICPMV_PROJ       "resampler.proj.weight"
+#define TN_MINICPMV_KV_PROJ    "resampler.kv.weight"
+#define TN_MINICPMV_ATTN       "resampler.attn.%s.%s"
+#define TN_MINICPMV_LN         "resampler.ln_%s.%s"
+
+#define TN_GLM_ADAPER_CONV      "adapter.conv.%s"
+#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_LINEAR   "adapter.linear.linear.%s"
+#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_NORM_1   "adapter.linear.norm1.%s"
+#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_D_H_2_4H "adapter.linear.dense_h_to_4h.%s"
+#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_GATE     "adapter.linear.gate.%s"
+#define TN_GLM_ADAPTER_D_4H_2_H "adapter.linear.dense_4h_to_h.%s"
+
+enum projector_type {
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP_NORM,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2VL,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_IDEFICS3,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_PIXTRAL,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN25VL,
+    PROJECTOR_TYPE_UNKNOWN,
+};
+
+static std::map<projector_type, std::string> PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES = {
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_MLP,       "mlp" },
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDP,       "ldp" },
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_LDPV2,     "ldpv2"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_MINICPMV,  "resampler"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE,  "adapter"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2VL,   "qwen2vl_merger"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN25VL,  "qwen2.5vl_merger"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3,    "gemma3"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_IDEFICS3,  "idefics3"},
+    { PROJECTOR_TYPE_PIXTRAL,   "pixtral"},
+};
+
+static projector_type clip_projector_type_from_string(const std::string & str) {
+    for (const auto & pair : PROJECTOR_TYPE_NAMES) {
+        if (pair.second == str) {
+            return pair.first;
+        }
+    }
+    return PROJECTOR_TYPE_UNKNOWN;
+}
+
+// RGB uint8 image
+struct clip_image_u8 {
+    int nx;
+    int ny;
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> buf;
+};
+
+// RGB float32 image (NHWC)
+// Memory layout: RGBRGBRGB...
+struct clip_image_f32 {
+    int nx;
+    int ny;
+
+    std::vector<float> buf;
+};
+
+//
+// logging
+//
+
+static void clip_log_callback_default(enum ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * user_data) {
+    (void) level;
+    (void) user_data;
+    fputs(text, stderr);
+    fflush(stderr);
+}
+
+struct clip_logger_state {
+    ggml_log_level verbosity_thold;
+    ggml_log_callback log_callback;
+    void * log_callback_user_data;
+};
+
+extern struct clip_logger_state g_logger_state;
+
+static void clip_log_internal_v(enum ggml_log_level level, const char * format, va_list args) {
+    if (format == NULL) {
+        return;
+    }
+    va_list args_copy;
+    va_copy(args_copy, args);
+    char buffer[128];
+    int len = vsnprintf(buffer, 128, format, args);
+    if (len < 128) {
+        g_logger_state.log_callback(level, buffer, g_logger_state.log_callback_user_data);
+    } else {
+        char * buffer2 = (char *) calloc(len + 1, sizeof(char));
+        vsnprintf(buffer2, len + 1, format, args_copy);
+        buffer2[len] = 0;
+        g_logger_state.log_callback(level, buffer2, g_logger_state.log_callback_user_data);
+        free(buffer2);
+    }
+    va_end(args_copy);
+}
+
+static void clip_log_internal(enum ggml_log_level level, const char * format, ...) {
+    va_list args;
+    va_start(args, format);
+    clip_log_internal_v(level, format, args);
+    va_end(args);
+}
+
+#define LOG_TMPL(level, ...) \
+    do { \
+        if ((level) >= g_logger_state.verbosity_thold) { \
+            clip_log_internal((level), __VA_ARGS__); \
+        } \
+    } while (0)
+#define LOG_INF(...) LOG_TMPL(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_INFO,  __VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOG_WRN(...) LOG_TMPL(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_WARN,  __VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOG_ERR(...) LOG_TMPL(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_ERROR, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOG_DBG(...) LOG_TMPL(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOG_CNT(...) LOG_TMPL(GGML_LOG_LEVEL_CONT,  __VA_ARGS__)
+
+//
+// cpp wrappers
+//
+
+// wrapper for clip_image_size
+struct clip_image_size_deleter {
+    void operator()(clip_image_size * val) { clip_image_size_free(val); }
+};
+typedef std::unique_ptr<clip_image_size, clip_image_size_deleter> clip_image_size_ptr;
+
+// wrapper for clip_image_u8
+struct clip_image_u8_deleter {
+    void operator()(clip_image_u8 * val) { clip_image_u8_free(val); }
+};
+typedef std::unique_ptr<clip_image_u8, clip_image_u8_deleter> clip_image_u8_ptr;
+
+// wrapper for clip_image_f32
+struct clip_image_f32_deleter {
+    void operator()(clip_image_f32 * val) { clip_image_f32_free(val); }
+};
+typedef std::unique_ptr<clip_image_f32, clip_image_f32_deleter> clip_image_f32_ptr;
+
+struct clip_image_u8_batch {
+    std::vector<clip_image_u8_ptr> entries;
+};
+
+struct clip_image_f32_batch {
+    std::vector<clip_image_f32_ptr> entries;
+};
+
+//
+// common utils
+//
+
+static std::string string_format(const char * fmt, ...) {
+    va_list ap;
+    va_list ap2;
+    va_start(ap, fmt);
+    va_copy(ap2, ap);
+    int size = vsnprintf(NULL, 0, fmt, ap);
+    GGML_ASSERT(size >= 0 && size < INT_MAX); // NOLINT
+    std::vector<char> buf(size + 1);
+    int size2 = vsnprintf(buf.data(), size + 1, fmt, ap2);
+    GGML_ASSERT(size2 == size);
+    va_end(ap2);
+    va_end(ap);
+    return std::string(buf.data(), buf.size());
+}
+
+static void string_replace_all(std::string & s, const std::string & search, const std::string & replace) {
+    if (search.empty()) {
+        return;
+    }
+    std::string builder;
+    builder.reserve(s.length());
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    size_t last_pos = 0;
+    while ((pos = s.find(search, last_pos)) != std::string::npos) {
+        builder.append(s, last_pos, pos - last_pos);
+        builder.append(replace);
+        last_pos = pos + search.length();
+    }
+    builder.append(s, last_pos, std::string::npos);
+    s = std::move(builder);
+}
+
+// split string by a `std::string delim` instead of `char delim`
+static std::vector<std::string> string_split_str(std::string s, const std::string & delimiter) {
+    std::vector<std::string> tokens;
+    size_t pos = 0;
+    std::string token;
+    while ((pos = s.find(delimiter)) != std::string::npos) {
+        token = s.substr(0, pos);
+        tokens.push_back(token);
+        s.erase(0, pos + delimiter.length());
+    }
+    tokens.push_back(s);
+    return tokens;
+}
+
+//
+// gguf utils
+//
+
+static std::string gguf_data_to_str(enum gguf_type type, const void * data, int i) {
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT8:   return std::to_string(((const uint8_t  *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_INT8:    return std::to_string(((const int8_t   *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT16:  return std::to_string(((const uint16_t *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_INT16:   return std::to_string(((const int16_t  *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT32:  return std::to_string(((const uint32_t *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_INT32:   return std::to_string(((const int32_t  *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_UINT64:  return std::to_string(((const uint64_t *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_INT64:   return std::to_string(((const int64_t  *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT32: return std::to_string(((const float    *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_FLOAT64: return std::to_string(((const double   *)data)[i]);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_BOOL:    return ((const bool *)data)[i] ? "true" : "false";
+        default:                return string_format("unknown type %d", type);
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string gguf_kv_to_str(const struct gguf_context * ctx_gguf, int i) {
+    const enum gguf_type type = gguf_get_kv_type(ctx_gguf, i);
+
+    switch (type) {
+        case GGUF_TYPE_STRING:
+            return gguf_get_val_str(ctx_gguf, i);
+        case GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY:
+            {
+                const enum gguf_type arr_type = gguf_get_arr_type(ctx_gguf, i);
+                int arr_n = gguf_get_arr_n(ctx_gguf, i);
+                const void * data = arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING ? nullptr : gguf_get_arr_data(ctx_gguf, i);
+                std::stringstream ss;
+                ss << "[";
+                for (int j = 0; j < arr_n; j++) {
+                    if (arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_STRING) {
+                        std::string val = gguf_get_arr_str(ctx_gguf, i, j);
+                        // escape quotes
+                        string_replace_all(val, "\\", "\\\\");
+                        string_replace_all(val, "\"", "\\\"");
+                        ss << '"' << val << '"';
+                    } else if (arr_type == GGUF_TYPE_ARRAY) {
+                        ss << "???";
+                    } else {
+                        ss << gguf_data_to_str(arr_type, data, j);
+                    }
+                    if (j < arr_n - 1) {
+                        ss << ", ";
+                    }
+                }
+                ss << "]";
+                return ss.str();
+            }
+        default:
+            return gguf_data_to_str(type, gguf_get_val_data(ctx_gguf, i), 0);
+    }
+}
+
+//
+// API used internally with mtmd
+//
+
+projector_type clip_get_projector_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

examples/llava/clip.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #ifndef CLIP_H
 #define CLIP_H
 
+#include "ggml.h"
 #include <stddef.h>
 #include <stdint.h>
 
@@ -29,19 +30,13 @@ struct clip_image_size {
     int height;
 };
 
-struct clip_image_u8_batch {
-    struct clip_image_u8 * data;
-    size_t size;
-};
-
-struct clip_image_f32_batch {
-    struct clip_image_f32 * data;
-    size_t size;
-};
+struct clip_image_f32;
+struct clip_image_u8_batch;
+struct clip_image_f32_batch;
 
 struct clip_context_params {
     bool use_gpu;
-    int verbosity;
+    enum ggml_log_level verbosity;
 };
 
 // deprecated, use clip_init
@@ -52,11 +47,11 @@ CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_init(const char * fname, struct clip_context_par
 CLIP_API void clip_free(struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 
 CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, int img_h, int img_w);
+CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, int img_w, int img_h);
 
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_image_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_patch_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_hidden_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int32_t clip_get_image_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int32_t clip_get_patch_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int32_t clip_get_hidden_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 
 // TODO: should be enum, not string
 CLIP_API const char * clip_patch_merge_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
@@ -64,23 +59,45 @@ CLIP_API const char * clip_patch_merge_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API const int32_t * clip_image_grid(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API size_t get_clip_image_grid_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 
-CLIP_API int clip_n_patches        (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int clip_n_patches_by_img (const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
-CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd    (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+GGML_DEPRECATED(CLIP_API int clip_n_patches(const struct clip_ctx * ctx),
+    "use clip_n_output_tokens instead");
+GGML_DEPRECATED(CLIP_API int clip_n_patches_by_img(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img),
+    "use clip_n_output_tokens instead");
+
+CLIP_API int clip_n_output_tokens(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
+
+// for M-RoPE, this will be the number of token positions in X and Y directions
+// for other models, X will be the total number of tokens and Y will be 1
+CLIP_API int clip_n_output_tokens_x(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_output_tokens_y(const struct clip_ctx * ctx, struct clip_image_f32 * img);
+
+// this should be equal to the embedding dimension of the text model
+CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 
 CLIP_API int clip_uhd_num_image_embeds_col(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip);
 CLIP_API void clip_add_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, struct clip_image_size * load_image_size);
 CLIP_API struct clip_image_size * clip_get_load_image_size(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip);
 
-CLIP_API struct clip_image_size * clip_image_size_init();
-CLIP_API struct clip_image_u8  * clip_image_u8_init ();
-CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32 * clip_image_f32_init();
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_size      * clip_image_size_init();
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_u8        * clip_image_u8_init ();
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32       * clip_image_f32_init();
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32_batch * clip_image_f32_batch_init(); // only used by libllava
 
+// nx, ny are the output image dimensions
+CLIP_API unsigned char * clip_image_u8_get_data(struct clip_image_u8 * img, uint32_t * nx, uint32_t * ny);
+
+CLIP_API void clip_image_size_free (struct clip_image_size * img_size);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_u8_free (struct clip_image_u8  * img);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_f32_free(struct clip_image_f32 * img);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_u8_batch_free (struct clip_image_u8_batch  * batch);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_f32_batch_free(struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch);
 
+// use for accessing underlay data of clip_image_f32_batch
+CLIP_API size_t clip_image_f32_batch_n_images(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch); // equivalent to batch->size()
+CLIP_API size_t clip_image_f32_batch_nx(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch, int idx); // equivalent to batch[idx]->nx
+CLIP_API size_t clip_image_f32_batch_ny(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch, int idx); // equivalent to batch[idx]->ny
+CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32 * clip_image_f32_get_img(const struct clip_image_f32_batch * batch, int idx); // equivalent to batch[idx]->data
+
 /**
  * Build image from pixels decoded by other libraries instead of stb_image.h for better performance.
  * The memory layout is RGBRGBRGB..., input buffer length must be 3*nx*ny bytes
@@ -105,8 +122,8 @@ CLIP_API bool clip_model_quantize(const char * fname_inp, const char * fname_out
 CLIP_API int clip_is_minicpmv(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API bool clip_is_glm(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 CLIP_API bool clip_is_qwen2vl(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
-CLIP_API int get_deepest_feature_layer(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API bool clip_is_llava(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API bool clip_is_gemma3(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
 
 CLIP_API bool clip_encode_float_image (struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, float * img, int h, int w, float * vec);
 

examples/llava/deprecation-warning.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <string>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+    std::string filename = "main";
+    if (argc >= 1) {
+        filename = argv[0];
+    }
+
+    // Get only the program name from the full path
+    size_t pos = filename.find_last_of("/\\");
+    if (pos != std::string::npos) {
+        filename = filename.substr(pos+1);
+    }
+
+    fprintf(stdout, "\n");
+    fprintf(stdout, "WARNING: The binary '%s' is deprecated.\n", filename.c_str());
+    fprintf(stdout, "Please use 'llama-mtmd-cli' instead.\n");
+    fprintf(stdout, "\n");
+
+    return EXIT_FAILURE;
+}

examples/llava/gemma3-cli.cpp

@@ -1,341 +0,0 @@
-#include "arg.h"
-#include "log.h"
-#include "common.h"
-#include "sampling.h"
-#include "clip.h"
-#include "stb_image.h"
-#include "llama.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
-#include "console.h"
-
-#include <vector>
-#include <limits.h>
-#include <inttypes.h>
-
-#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__))
-#include <signal.h>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#elif defined (_WIN32)
-#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
-#ifndef NOMINMAX
-#define NOMINMAX
-#endif
-#include <windows.h>
-#include <signal.h>
-#endif
-
-static bool g_is_generating = false;
-
-/**
- * Please note that this is NOT a production-ready stuff.
- * It is a playground for trying Gemma 3 vision capabilities.
- * For contributors: please keep this code simple and easy to understand.
- */
-
-static void show_additional_info(int /*argc*/, char ** argv) {
-    LOG(
-        "Experimental CLI for using Gemma 3 vision model\n\n"
-        "Usage: %s [options] -m <model> --mmproj <mmproj> --image <image> -p <prompt>\n\n"
-        "  -m and --mmproj are required\n"
-        "  --image and -p are optional, if NOT provided, the CLI will run in chat mode\n",
-        argv[0]
-    );
-}
-
-#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__)) || defined (_WIN32)
-static void sigint_handler(int signo) {
-    if (signo == SIGINT) {
-        if (g_is_generating) {
-            g_is_generating = false;
-        } else {
-            console::cleanup();
-            LOG("\nInterrupted by user\n");
-            _exit(130);
-        }
-    }
-}
-#endif
-
-struct gemma3_context {
-    struct clip_ctx    * ctx_clip = NULL;
-    common_init_result   llama_init;
-
-    llama_model       * model;
-    llama_context     * lctx;
-    const llama_vocab * vocab;
-    llama_batch         batch;
-
-    int n_threads    = 1;
-    llama_pos n_past = 0;
-
-    gemma3_context(common_params & params) : llama_init(common_init_from_params(params)) {
-        model = llama_init.model.get();
-        lctx = llama_init.context.get();
-        vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
-        n_threads = params.cpuparams.n_threads;
-        batch = llama_batch_init(params.n_batch, 0, 1);
-        init_clip_model(params);
-    }
-
-    void init_clip_model(common_params & params) {
-        const char * clip_path = params.mmproj.path.c_str();
-        ctx_clip = clip_model_load(clip_path, params.verbosity > 1);
-    }
-
-    ~gemma3_context() {
-        clip_free(ctx_clip);
-    }
-};
-
-struct decode_embd_batch {
-    std::vector<llama_pos>      pos;
-    std::vector<int32_t>        n_seq_id;
-    std::vector<llama_seq_id>   seq_id_0;
-    std::vector<llama_seq_id *> seq_ids;
-    std::vector<int8_t>         logits;
-    llama_batch batch;
-    decode_embd_batch(float * embd, int32_t n_tokens, llama_pos pos_0, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
-        pos     .resize(n_tokens);
-        n_seq_id.resize(n_tokens);
-        seq_ids .resize(n_tokens + 1);
-        logits  .resize(n_tokens);
-        seq_id_0.resize(1);
-        seq_id_0[0] = seq_id;
-        seq_ids [n_tokens] = nullptr;
-        batch = {
-            /*n_tokens       =*/ n_tokens,
-            /*tokens         =*/ nullptr,
-            /*embd           =*/ embd,
-            /*pos            =*/ pos.data(),
-            /*n_seq_id       =*/ n_seq_id.data(),
-            /*seq_id         =*/ seq_ids.data(),
-            /*logits         =*/ logits.data(),
-        };
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_tokens; i++) {
-            batch.pos     [i] = pos_0 + i;
-            batch.n_seq_id[i] = 1;
-            batch.seq_id  [i] = seq_id_0.data();
-            batch.logits  [i] = false;
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-static int eval_text(gemma3_context & ctx, std::string input, bool logits_last = false) {
-    llama_tokens tokens = common_tokenize(ctx.lctx, input, false, true);
-    common_batch_clear(ctx.batch);
-    for (llama_token & t : tokens) {
-        common_batch_add(ctx.batch, t, ctx.n_past++, {0}, false);
-    }
-    if (logits_last) {
-        ctx.batch.logits[ctx.batch.n_tokens - 1] = true;
-    }
-    // LOG("eval_text (n_tokens = %d): %s\n", (int)tokens.size(), input.c_str());
-    if (llama_decode(ctx.lctx, ctx.batch)) {
-        LOG_ERR("Failed to decode text\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int eval_image(gemma3_context & ctx, std::string & fname) {
-    std::vector<float> image_embd_v;
-    int n_embd = llama_model_n_embd(ctx.model);
-    int n_tokens = 256;
-    image_embd_v.resize(n_tokens * n_embd);
-
-    bool ok;
-    struct clip_image_u8 * img_u8 = clip_image_u8_init();
-    ok = clip_image_load_from_file(fname.c_str(), img_u8);
-    if (!ok) {
-        LOG_ERR("Unable to load image %s\n", fname.c_str());
-        clip_image_u8_free(img_u8);
-        return 2; // non-fatal error
-    }
-
-    clip_image_f32_batch batch_f32;
-    ok = clip_image_preprocess(ctx.ctx_clip, img_u8, &batch_f32);
-    if (!ok) {
-        LOG_ERR("Unable to preprocess image\n");
-        clip_image_f32_batch_free(&batch_f32);
-        clip_image_u8_free(img_u8);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    int64_t t0 = ggml_time_ms();
-    LOG("Encoding image %s\n", fname.c_str());
-    ok = clip_image_batch_encode(ctx.ctx_clip, ctx.n_threads, &batch_f32, image_embd_v.data());
-    if (!ok) {
-        LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image\n");
-        clip_image_f32_batch_free(&batch_f32);
-        clip_image_u8_free(img_u8);
-        return 1;
-    }
-    LOG("Image encoded in %" PRId64 " ms\n", ggml_time_ms() - t0);
-
-    clip_image_f32_batch_free(&batch_f32);
-    clip_image_u8_free(img_u8);
-
-    // decode image embeddings
-    int64_t t1 = ggml_time_ms();
-    eval_text(ctx, "<start_of_image>");
-    llama_set_causal_attn(ctx.lctx, false);
-    decode_embd_batch batch_img(image_embd_v.data(), n_tokens, ctx.n_past, 0);
-    if (llama_decode(ctx.lctx, batch_img.batch)) {
-        LOG_ERR("failed to decode image\n");
-        return 1;
-    }
-    ctx.n_past += n_tokens;
-    llama_set_causal_attn(ctx.lctx, true);
-    eval_text(ctx, "<end_of_image>");
-    LOG("Image decoded in %" PRId64 " ms\n", ggml_time_ms() - t1);
-    return 0;
-}
-
-static int generate_response(gemma3_context & ctx, common_sampler * smpl, int n_predict) {
-    for (int i = 0; i < n_predict; i++) {
-        if (i > n_predict || !g_is_generating) {
-            printf("\n");
-            break;
-        }
-
-        llama_token token_id = common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx.lctx, -1);
-        common_sampler_accept(smpl, token_id, true);
-
-        if (llama_vocab_is_eog(ctx.vocab, token_id)) {
-            printf("\n");
-            break; // end of generation
-        }
-
-        printf("%s", common_token_to_piece(ctx.lctx, token_id).c_str());
-        fflush(stdout);
-
-        // eval the token
-        common_batch_clear(ctx.batch);
-        common_batch_add(ctx.batch, token_id, ctx.n_past++, {0}, true);
-        if (llama_decode(ctx.lctx, ctx.batch)) {
-            LOG_ERR("failed to decode token\n");
-            return 1;
-        }
-    }
-    return 0;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
-    ggml_time_init();
-
-    common_params params;
-    params.sampling.temp = 0.2; // lower temp by default for better quality
-
-    if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA, show_additional_info)) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    common_init();
-
-    if (params.mmproj.path.empty()) {
-        show_additional_info(argc, argv);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    gemma3_context ctx(params);
-    printf("%s: %s\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
-
-    bool is_single_turn = !params.prompt.empty() && !params.image.empty();
-
-    struct common_sampler * smpl = common_sampler_init(ctx.model, params.sampling);
-    int n_predict = params.n_predict < 0 ? INT_MAX : params.n_predict;
-
-    // ctrl+C handling
-    {
-#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__))
-        struct sigaction sigint_action;
-        sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
-        sigemptyset (&sigint_action.sa_mask);
-        sigint_action.sa_flags = 0;
-        sigaction(SIGINT, &sigint_action, NULL);
-#elif defined (_WIN32)
-        auto console_ctrl_handler = +[](DWORD ctrl_type) -> BOOL {
-            return (ctrl_type == CTRL_C_EVENT) ? (sigint_handler(SIGINT), true) : false;
-        };
-        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(reinterpret_cast<PHANDLER_ROUTINE>(console_ctrl_handler), true);
-#endif
-    }
-
-    if (eval_text(ctx, "<bos>")) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (is_single_turn) {
-        g_is_generating = true;
-        if (eval_text(ctx, "<start_of_turn>user\n")) {
-            return 1;
-        }
-        for (auto & fname : params.image) {
-            if (eval_image(ctx, fname)) {
-                return 1;
-            }
-        }
-        if (eval_text(ctx, params.prompt + "<end_of_turn><start_of_turn>model\n", true)) {
-            return 1;
-        }
-        if (generate_response(ctx, smpl, n_predict)) {
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-    } else {
-        LOG("\n Running in chat mode, available commands:");
-        LOG("\n   /image <path>    load an image");
-        LOG("\n   /clear           clear the chat history");
-        LOG("\n   /quit or /exit   exit the program");
-        LOG("\n");
-
-        if (eval_text(ctx, "<start_of_turn>user\n")) {
-            return 1;
-        }
-
-        while (true) {
-            g_is_generating = false;
-            LOG("\n> ");
-            console::set_display(console::user_input);
-            std::string line;
-            console::readline(line, false);
-            console::set_display(console::reset);
-            line = string_strip(line);
-            if (line.empty()) {
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (line == "/quit" || line == "/exit") {
-                break;
-            }
-            if (line == "/clear") {
-                ctx.n_past = 0;
-                llama_kv_self_seq_rm(ctx.lctx, 0, 1, -1); // keep BOS
-                LOG("Chat history cleared\n\n");
-                continue;
-            }
-            g_is_generating = true;
-            if (line.find("/image") == 0) {
-                std::string image = line.substr(7);
-                int res = eval_image(ctx, image);
-                if (res == 2) {
-                    continue; // image not found
-                }
-                if (res) {
-                    return 1;
-                }
-                continue;
-            }
-            if (eval_text(ctx, line + "<end_of_turn><start_of_turn>model\n", true)) {
-                return 1;
-            }
-            if (generate_response(ctx, smpl, n_predict)) {
-                return 1;
-            }
-            if (eval_text(ctx, "<end_of_turn><start_of_turn>user\n")) {
-                return 1;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}

examples/llava/gemma3_convert_encoder_to_gguf.py

@@ -1,307 +0,0 @@
-import gguf
-import argparse
-import logging
-import sys
-import torch
-import json
-import os
-import numpy as np
-from typing import cast, ContextManager, Any, Iterator
-from pathlib import Path
-from torch import Tensor
-
-logger = logging.getLogger("gemma3-mmproj")
-
-
-# (copied from convert_hf_to_gguf.py)
-# tree of lazy tensors
-class LazyTorchTensor(gguf.LazyBase):
-    _tensor_type = torch.Tensor
-    # to keep the type-checker happy
-    dtype: torch.dtype
-    shape: torch.Size
-
-    # only used when converting a torch.Tensor to a np.ndarray
-    _dtype_map: dict[torch.dtype, type] = {
-        torch.float16: np.float16,
-        torch.float32: np.float32,
-    }
-
-    # used for safetensors slices
-    # ref: https://github.com/huggingface/safetensors/blob/079781fd0dc455ba0fe851e2b4507c33d0c0d407/bindings/python/src/lib.rs#L1046
-    # TODO: uncomment U64, U32, and U16, ref: https://github.com/pytorch/pytorch/issues/58734
-    _dtype_str_map: dict[str, torch.dtype] = {
-        "F64": torch.float64,
-        "F32": torch.float32,
-        "BF16": torch.bfloat16,
-        "F16": torch.float16,
-        # "U64": torch.uint64,
-        "I64": torch.int64,
-        # "U32": torch.uint32,
-        "I32": torch.int32,
-        # "U16": torch.uint16,
-        "I16": torch.int16,
-        "U8": torch.uint8,
-        "I8": torch.int8,
-        "BOOL": torch.bool,
-        "F8_E4M3": torch.float8_e4m3fn,
-        "F8_E5M2": torch.float8_e5m2,
-    }
-
-    def numpy(self) -> gguf.LazyNumpyTensor:
-        dtype = self._dtype_map[self.dtype]
-        return gguf.LazyNumpyTensor(
-            meta=gguf.LazyNumpyTensor.meta_with_dtype_and_shape(dtype, self.shape),
-            args=(self,),
-            func=(lambda s: s.numpy())
-        )
-
-    @classmethod
-    def meta_with_dtype_and_shape(cls, dtype: torch.dtype, shape: tuple[int, ...]) -> Tensor:
-        return torch.empty(size=shape, dtype=dtype, device="meta")
-
-    @classmethod
-    def from_safetensors_slice(cls, st_slice: Any) -> Tensor:
-        dtype = cls._dtype_str_map[st_slice.get_dtype()]
-        shape: tuple[int, ...] = tuple(st_slice.get_shape())
-        lazy = cls(meta=cls.meta_with_dtype_and_shape(dtype, shape), args=(st_slice,), func=lambda s: s[:])
-        return cast(torch.Tensor, lazy)
-
-    @classmethod
-    def __torch_function__(cls, func, types, args=(), kwargs=None):
-        del types  # unused
-
-        if kwargs is None:
-            kwargs = {}
-
-        if func is torch.Tensor.numpy:
-            return args[0].numpy()
-
-        return cls._wrap_fn(func)(*args, **kwargs)
-
-
-class Gemma3VisionTower:
-    hparams: dict
-    gguf_writer: gguf.GGUFWriter
-    fname_out: Path
-    ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def load_hparams(dir_model: Path):
-        with open(dir_model / "config.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            return json.load(f)
-
-    @staticmethod
-    def get_model_part_names(dir_model: Path, prefix: str, suffix: str) -> list[str]:
-        part_names: list[str] = []
-        for filename in os.listdir(dir_model):
-            if filename.startswith(prefix) and filename.endswith(suffix):
-                part_names.append(filename)
-        part_names.sort()
-        return part_names
-
-    def __init__(self,
-                 dir_model: Path,
-                 fname_out: Path,
-                 ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType,
-                 is_big_endian: bool,):
-        hparams = Gemma3VisionTower.load_hparams(dir_model)
-        self.hparams = hparams
-        self.fname_out = fname_out
-        self.ftype = ftype
-        endianess = gguf.GGUFEndian.BIG if is_big_endian else gguf.GGUFEndian.LITTLE
-        self.gguf_writer = gguf.GGUFWriter(path=None, arch="clip", endianess=endianess)
-
-        text_config = hparams["text_config"]
-        vision_config = hparams["vision_config"]
-
-        assert hparams["architectures"][0] == "Gemma3ForConditionalGeneration"
-        assert text_config is not None
-        assert vision_config is not None
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_string ("clip.projector_type",              "gemma3")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_bool   ("clip.has_text_encoder",            False)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_bool   ("clip.has_vision_encoder",          True)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_bool   ("clip.has_llava_projector",         False) # legacy
-        self.gguf_writer.add_uint32 ("clip.vision.image_size",           vision_config["image_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_uint32 ("clip.vision.patch_size",           vision_config["patch_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_uint32 ("clip.vision.embedding_length",     vision_config["hidden_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_uint32 ("clip.vision.feed_forward_length",  vision_config["intermediate_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_uint32 ("clip.vision.projection_dim",       text_config["hidden_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_uint32 ("clip.vision.block_count",          vision_config["num_hidden_layers"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_uint32 ("clip.vision.attention.head_count", vision_config["num_attention_heads"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_float32("clip.vision.attention.layer_norm_epsilon", vision_config.get("layer_norm_eps", 1e-6))
-        # default values taken from HF tranformers code
-        self.gguf_writer.add_array  ("clip.vision.image_mean", [0.5, 0.5, 0.5])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_array  ("clip.vision.image_std",  [0.5, 0.5, 0.5])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_bool   ("clip.use_gelu", True)
-
-        # load tensors
-        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors(dir_model):
-            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
-            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
-                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
-            self.add_tensor(name, data_torch)
-
-    def get_tensors(self, dir_model: Path) -> Iterator[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
-        part_names = Gemma3VisionTower.get_model_part_names(dir_model, "model", ".safetensors")
-        tensor_names_from_parts: set[str] = set()
-        for part_name in part_names:
-            logger.info(f"gguf: loading model part '{part_name}'")
-            from safetensors import safe_open
-            ctx = cast(ContextManager[Any], safe_open(dir_model / part_name, framework="pt", device="cpu"))
-            with ctx as model_part:
-                tensor_names_from_parts.update(model_part.keys())
-
-                for name in model_part.keys():
-                    data = model_part.get_slice(name)
-                    data = LazyTorchTensor.from_safetensors_slice(data)
-                    yield name, data
-
-    def add_tensor(self, name: str, data_torch: Tensor):
-        is_1d = len(data_torch.shape) == 1
-        is_embd = ".embeddings." in name
-        old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
-        can_quantize = not is_1d and not is_embd
-        data_qtype = gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
-
-        # this is to support old checkpoint
-        # TODO: remove this when we have the final model
-        name = name.replace("vision_model.vision_model.", "vision_tower.vision_model.")
-        name = name.replace("multimodal_projector.", "multi_modal_projector.")
-
-        # filter only vision tensors
-        if not name.startswith("vision_tower.vision_model.") and not name.startswith("multi_modal_projector."):
-            return
-        # prefix
-        name = name.replace("vision_tower.vision_model.encoder.layers.", "v.blk.")
-        name = name.replace("vision_tower.vision_model.", "v.")
-        # projector and input embd
-        name = name.replace(".embeddings.patch_embedding.", ".patch_embd.")
-        name = name.replace(".embeddings.position_embedding.", ".position_embd.")
-        name = name.replace(
-            "multi_modal_projector.mm_input_projection_weight",
-            "mm.input_projection.weight"
-        )
-        name = name.replace(
-            "multi_modal_projector.mm_soft_emb_norm.weight",
-            "mm.soft_emb_norm.weight"
-        )
-        name = name.replace("post_layernorm.", "post_ln.")
-        # each block
-        name = name.replace(".self_attn.k_proj.", ".attn_k.")
-        name = name.replace(".self_attn.v_proj.", ".attn_v.")
-        name = name.replace(".self_attn.q_proj.", ".attn_q.")
-        name = name.replace(".self_attn.out_proj.", ".attn_out.")
-        name = name.replace(".layer_norm1.", ".ln1.")
-        name = name.replace(".layer_norm2.", ".ln2.")
-        name = name.replace(".mlp.fc1.", ".ffn_down.")
-        name = name.replace(".mlp.fc2.", ".ffn_up.")
-
-        if can_quantize:
-            if self.ftype == gguf.LlamaFileType.ALL_F32:
-                data_qtype = gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32
-            elif self.ftype == gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_F16:
-                data_qtype = gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
-            elif self.ftype == gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_BF16:
-                data_qtype = gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.BF16
-            elif self.ftype == gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_Q8_0:
-                data_qtype = gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.Q8_0
-            else:
-                raise ValueError(f"Unsupported file type: {self.ftype}")
-
-        # corrent norm value ; only this "soft_emb_norm" need to be corrected as it's part of Gemma projector
-        # the other norm values are part of SigLIP model, and they are already correct
-        # ref code: Gemma3RMSNorm
-        if "soft_emb_norm.weight" in name:
-            logger.info(f"Correcting norm value for '{name}'")
-            data_torch = data_torch + 1
-
-        data = data_torch.numpy()
-
-        try:
-            data = gguf.quants.quantize(data, data_qtype)
-        except Exception as e:
-            logger.error(f"Error quantizing tensor '{name}': {e}, fallback to F16")
-            data_qtype = gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F16
-            data = gguf.quants.quantize(data, data_qtype)
-
-        # reverse shape to make it similar to the internal ggml dimension order
-        shape_str = f"{{{', '.join(str(n) for n in reversed(data_torch.shape))}}}"
-        logger.info(f"{f'%-32s' % f'{name},'} {old_dtype} --> {data_qtype.name}, shape = {shape_str}")
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(name, data, raw_dtype=data_qtype)
-
-    def write(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.write_header_to_file(path=self.fname_out)
-        self.gguf_writer.write_kv_data_to_file()
-        self.gguf_writer.write_tensors_to_file(progress=True)
-        self.gguf_writer.close()
-
-def parse_args() -> argparse.Namespace:
-    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
-        description="Convert Gemma 3 vision tower safetensors to GGUF format",)
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--outfile", type=Path, default="mmproj.gguf",
-        help="path to write to",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--outtype", type=str, choices=["f32", "f16", "bf16", "q8_0"], default="f16",
-        help="output format",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--bigendian", action="store_true",
-        help="model is executed on big endian machine",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "model", type=Path,
-        help="directory containing model file",
-        nargs="?",
-    )
-    parser.add_argument(
-        "--verbose", action="store_true",
-        help="increase output verbosity",
-    )
-
-    args = parser.parse_args()
-    if args.model is None:
-        parser.error("the following arguments are required: model")
-    return args
-
-
-def main() -> None:
-    args = parse_args()
-
-    if args.verbose:
-        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG)
-    else:
-        logging.basicConfig(level=logging.INFO)
-
-    dir_model = args.model
-
-    if not dir_model.is_dir():
-        logger.error(f'Error: {args.model} is not a directory')
-        sys.exit(1)
-
-    ftype_map: dict[str, gguf.LlamaFileType] = {
-        "f32": gguf.LlamaFileType.ALL_F32,
-        "f16": gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_F16,
-        "bf16": gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_BF16,
-        "q8_0": gguf.LlamaFileType.MOSTLY_Q8_0,
-    }
-
-    logger.info(f"Loading model: {dir_model.name}")
-
-    with torch.inference_mode():
-        gemma3_vision_tower = Gemma3VisionTower(
-            dir_model=dir_model,
-            fname_out=args.outfile,
-            ftype=ftype_map[args.outtype],
-            is_big_endian=args.bigendian,
-        )
-        gemma3_vision_tower.write()
-
-
-if __name__ == '__main__':
-    main()
-

examples/llava/llava-cli.cpp

@@ -1,332 +0,0 @@
-#include "arg.h"
-#include "base64.hpp"
-#include "log.h"
-#include "common.h"
-#include "sampling.h"
-#include "clip.h"
-#include "llava.h"
-#include "llama.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <vector>
-
-static bool eval_tokens(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, std::vector<llama_token> tokens, int n_batch, int * n_past) {
-    int N = (int) tokens.size();
-    for (int i = 0; i < N; i += n_batch) {
-        int n_eval = (int) tokens.size() - i;
-        if (n_eval > n_batch) {
-            n_eval = n_batch;
-        }
-        if (llama_decode(ctx_llama, llama_batch_get_one(&tokens[i], n_eval))) {
-            LOG_ERR("%s : failed to eval. token %d/%d (batch size %d, n_past %d)\n", __func__, i, N, n_batch, *n_past);
-            return false;
-        }
-        *n_past += n_eval;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool eval_id(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, int id, int * n_past) {
-    std::vector<llama_token> tokens;
-    tokens.push_back(id);
-    return eval_tokens(ctx_llama, tokens, 1, n_past);
-}
-
-static bool eval_string(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, const char* str, int n_batch, int * n_past, bool add_bos){
-    std::string              str2     = str;
-    std::vector<llama_token> embd_inp = common_tokenize(ctx_llama, str2, add_bos, true);
-    eval_tokens(ctx_llama, embd_inp, n_batch, n_past);
-    return true;
-}
-
-static const char * sample(struct common_sampler * smpl,
-                           struct llama_context * ctx_llama,
-                           int * n_past) {
-    const llama_token id = common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx_llama, -1);
-    common_sampler_accept(smpl, id, true);
-
-    const llama_model * model = llama_get_model(ctx_llama);
-    const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
-
-    static std::string ret;
-    if (llama_vocab_is_eog(vocab, id)) {
-        ret = "</s>";
-    } else {
-        ret = common_token_to_piece(ctx_llama, id);
-    }
-    eval_id(ctx_llama, id, n_past);
-    return ret.c_str();
-}
-
-static const char* IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN = "<img src=\"data:image/jpeg;base64,";
-static const char* IMG_BASE64_TAG_END = "\">";
-
-static void find_image_tag_in_prompt(const std::string& prompt, size_t& begin_out, size_t& end_out) {
-    begin_out = prompt.find(IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN);
-    end_out = prompt.find(IMG_BASE64_TAG_END, (begin_out == std::string::npos) ? 0UL : begin_out);
-}
-
-static bool prompt_contains_image(const std::string& prompt) {
-    size_t begin, end;
-    find_image_tag_in_prompt(prompt, begin, end);
-    return (begin != std::string::npos);
-}
-
-// replaces the base64 image tag in the prompt with `replacement`
-static llava_image_embed * llava_image_embed_make_with_prompt_base64(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const std::string& prompt) {
-    size_t img_base64_str_start, img_base64_str_end;
-    find_image_tag_in_prompt(prompt, img_base64_str_start, img_base64_str_end);
-    if (img_base64_str_start == std::string::npos || img_base64_str_end == std::string::npos) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: invalid base64 image tag. must be %s<base64 byte string>%s\n", __func__, IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN, IMG_BASE64_TAG_END);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    auto base64_bytes_start = img_base64_str_start + strlen(IMG_BASE64_TAG_BEGIN);
-    auto base64_bytes_count = img_base64_str_end - base64_bytes_start;
-    auto base64_str = prompt.substr(base64_bytes_start, base64_bytes_count );
-
-    auto required_bytes = base64::required_encode_size(base64_str.size());
-    auto img_bytes = std::vector<unsigned char>(required_bytes);
-    base64::decode(base64_str.begin(), base64_str.end(), img_bytes.begin());
-
-    auto embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_bytes(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_bytes.data(), img_bytes.size());
-    if (!embed) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: could not load image from base64 string.\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    return embed;
-}
-
-static std::string remove_image_from_prompt(const std::string& prompt, const char * replacement = "") {
-    size_t begin, end;
-    find_image_tag_in_prompt(prompt, begin, end);
-    if (begin == std::string::npos || end == std::string::npos) {
-        return prompt;
-    }
-    auto pre = prompt.substr(0, begin);
-    auto post = prompt.substr(end + strlen(IMG_BASE64_TAG_END));
-    return pre + replacement + post;
-}
-
-struct llava_context {
-    struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip = NULL;
-    struct llama_context * ctx_llama = NULL;
-    struct llama_model * model = NULL;
-};
-
-static void print_usage(int, char ** argv) {
-    LOG("\n example usage:\n");
-    LOG("\n     %s -m <llava-v1.5-7b/ggml-model-q5_k.gguf> --mmproj <llava-v1.5-7b/mmproj-model-f16.gguf> --image <path/to/an/image.jpg> --image <path/to/another/image.jpg> [--temp 0.1] [-p \"describe the image in detail.\"]\n", argv[0]);
-    LOG("\n note: a lower temperature value like 0.1 is recommended for better quality.\n");
-}
-
-static struct llava_image_embed * load_image(llava_context * ctx_llava, common_params * params, const std::string & fname) {
-
-    // load and preprocess the image
-    llava_image_embed * embed = NULL;
-    auto prompt = params->prompt;
-    if (prompt_contains_image(prompt)) {
-        if (!params->image.empty()) {
-            LOG_INF("using base64 encoded image instead of command line image path\n");
-        }
-        embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_prompt_base64(ctx_llava->ctx_clip, params->cpuparams.n_threads, prompt);
-        if (!embed) {
-            LOG_ERR("%s: can't load image from prompt\n", __func__);
-            return NULL;
-        }
-        params->prompt = remove_image_from_prompt(prompt);
-    } else {
-        embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_filename(ctx_llava->ctx_clip, params->cpuparams.n_threads, fname.c_str());
-        if (!embed) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: is %s really an image file?\n", __func__, fname.c_str());
-            return NULL;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return embed;
-}
-
-static void process_prompt(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, struct llava_image_embed * image_embed, common_params * params, const std::string & prompt) {
-    int n_past = 0;
-
-    const int max_tgt_len = params->n_predict < 0 ? 256 : params->n_predict;
-
-    std::string system_prompt, user_prompt;
-    size_t image_pos = prompt.find("<image>");
-    if (image_pos != std::string::npos) {
-        // new templating mode: Provide the full prompt including system message and use <image> as a placeholder for the image
-        system_prompt = prompt.substr(0, image_pos);
-        user_prompt = prompt.substr(image_pos + std::string("<image>").length());
-        LOG_INF("system_prompt: %s\n", system_prompt.c_str());
-        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
-            auto tmp = common_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, system_prompt, true, true);
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
-                LOG_INF("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], common_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
-            }
-        }
-        LOG_INF("user_prompt: %s\n", user_prompt.c_str());
-        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
-            auto tmp = common_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt, true, true);
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
-                LOG_INF("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], common_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        // llava-1.5 native mode
-        system_prompt = "A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.\nUSER:";
-        user_prompt = prompt + "\nASSISTANT:";
-        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
-            auto tmp = common_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt, true, true);
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
-                LOG_INF("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], common_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, system_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, true);
-    llava_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, image_embed, params->n_batch, &n_past);
-    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-
-    // generate the response
-
-    LOG("\n");
-
-    struct common_sampler * smpl = common_sampler_init(ctx_llava->model, params->sampling);
-    if (!smpl) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to initialize sampling subsystem\n", __func__);
-        exit(1);
-    }
-
-    std::string response = "";
-    for (int i = 0; i < max_tgt_len; i++) {
-        const char * tmp = sample(smpl, ctx_llava->ctx_llama, &n_past);
-        response += tmp;
-        if (strcmp(tmp, "</s>") == 0) break;
-        if (strstr(tmp, "###")) break; // Yi-VL behavior
-        LOG("%s", tmp);
-        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<|im_end|>")) break; // Yi-34B llava-1.6 - for some reason those decode not as the correct token (tokenizer works)
-        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<|im_start|>")) break; // Yi-34B llava-1.6
-        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "USER:")) break; // mistral llava-1.6
-
-        fflush(stdout);
-    }
-
-    common_sampler_free(smpl);
-    LOG("\n");
-}
-
-static struct llama_model * llava_init(common_params * params) {
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params->numa);
-
-    llama_model_params model_params = common_model_params_to_llama(*params);
-
-    llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(params->model.path.c_str(), model_params);
-    if (model == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: unable to load model\n" , __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return model;
-}
-
-static struct llava_context * llava_init_context(common_params * params, llama_model * model) {
-    const char * clip_path = params->mmproj.path.c_str();
-
-    auto prompt = params->prompt;
-    if (prompt.empty()) {
-        prompt = "describe the image in detail.";
-    }
-
-    auto ctx_clip = clip_model_load(clip_path, /*verbosity=*/ 1);
-
-    llama_context_params ctx_params = common_context_params_to_llama(*params);
-    ctx_params.n_ctx           = params->n_ctx < 2048 ? 2048 : params->n_ctx; // we need a longer context size to process image embeddings
-
-    llama_context * ctx_llama = llama_init_from_model(model, ctx_params);
-
-    if (ctx_llama == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create the llama_context\n" , __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    auto * ctx_llava = (struct llava_context *)malloc(sizeof(llava_context));
-
-    ctx_llava->ctx_llama = ctx_llama;
-    ctx_llava->ctx_clip = ctx_clip;
-    ctx_llava->model = model;
-    return ctx_llava;
-}
-
-static void llava_free(struct llava_context * ctx_llava) {
-    if (ctx_llava->ctx_clip) {
-        clip_free(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-        ctx_llava->ctx_clip = NULL;
-    }
-
-    llama_free(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
-    llama_model_free(ctx_llava->model);
-    llama_backend_free();
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
-    ggml_time_init();
-
-    common_params params;
-
-    if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA, print_usage)) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    common_init();
-
-    if (params.mmproj.path.empty() || (params.image.empty() && !prompt_contains_image(params.prompt))) {
-        print_usage(argc, argv);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    auto * model = llava_init(&params);
-    if (model == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to init llava model\n", __func__);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    if (prompt_contains_image(params.prompt)) {
-        auto * ctx_llava = llava_init_context(&params, model);
-
-        auto * image_embed = load_image(ctx_llava, &params, "");
-
-        // process the prompt
-        process_prompt(ctx_llava, image_embed, &params, params.prompt);
-
-        llama_perf_context_print(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
-        llava_image_embed_free(image_embed);
-        ctx_llava->model = NULL;
-        llava_free(ctx_llava);
-    } else {
-        for (auto & image : params.image) {
-            auto * ctx_llava = llava_init_context(&params, model);
-
-            auto * image_embed = load_image(ctx_llava, &params, image);
-            if (!image_embed) {
-                LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load image %s. Terminating\n\n", __func__, image.c_str());
-                return 1;
-            }
-
-            // process the prompt
-            process_prompt(ctx_llava, image_embed, &params, params.prompt);
-
-            llama_perf_context_print(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
-            llava_image_embed_free(image_embed);
-            ctx_llava->model = NULL;
-            llava_free(ctx_llava);
-        }
-    }
-
-    llama_model_free(model);
-
-    return 0;
-}

examples/llava/llava.cpp

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
 #include <cstring>
 #include <limits>
 #include <vector>
+#include <memory>
 
 #if defined(LLAVA_LOG_OFF)
 #   define LOG_INF(...)
@@ -45,6 +46,17 @@ struct clip_image_grid_shape {
     int second;
 };
 
+// convenience cpp wrapper
+struct clip_image_f32_batch_deleter {
+    void operator()(clip_image_f32_batch * val) { clip_image_f32_batch_free(val); }
+};
+typedef std::unique_ptr<clip_image_f32_batch, clip_image_f32_batch_deleter> clip_image_f32_batch_ptr;
+
+struct clip_image_size_deleter {
+    void operator()(clip_image_f32_batch * val) { clip_image_f32_batch_free(val); }
+};
+typedef std::unique_ptr<clip_image_size, clip_image_size_deleter> clip_image_size_ptr;
+
 /**
  * Selects the best resolution from a list of possible resolutions based on the original size.
  *
@@ -100,13 +112,13 @@ static struct clip_image_grid_shape get_anyres_image_grid_shape(const std::pair<
 }
 
 // Take the image segments in a grid configuration and return the embeddings and the number of embeddings into preallocated memory (image_embd_out)
-static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *> & image_embd_v, struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape, float * image_embd_out, int * n_img_pos_out) {
+static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *> & image_embd_v, struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape, float * image_embd_out, int * n_img_pos_out, clip_image_f32 * img_input) {
     struct {
         struct ggml_context * ctx;
     } model;
 
-    const int32_t image_size = clip_image_size(ctx_clip);
-    const int32_t patch_size = clip_patch_size(ctx_clip);
+    const int32_t image_size = clip_get_image_size(ctx_clip);
+    const int32_t patch_size = clip_get_patch_size(ctx_clip);
 
     int32_t num_patches_per_side = image_size / patch_size; // 336 / 14 = 24 - used for embedding-patching boxes (24*24 = 576 patches)
 
@@ -163,7 +175,7 @@ static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *>
 
     model.ctx = ggml_init(params);
 
-    struct ggml_tensor * image_features = ggml_new_tensor_3d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), clip_n_patches(ctx_clip), num_images - 1); // example: 4096 x 576 x 4
+    struct ggml_tensor * image_features = ggml_new_tensor_3d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_input), num_images - 1); // example: 4096 x 576 x 4
     // ggml_tensor_printf(image_features,"image_features",__LINE__,false,false);
     // fill it with the image embeddings, ignoring the base
     for (size_t i = 1; i < num_images; i++) {
@@ -202,8 +214,8 @@ static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *>
 
     memcpy(image_embd_out, image_embd_v[0], clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // main image as global context
     // append without newline tokens (default behavior in llava_arch when not using unpad ):
-    memcpy(image_embd_out + clip_n_patches(ctx_clip) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), (float*)result->data, clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip) * (num_images-1)); // grid patches
-    *n_img_pos_out = static_cast<int>(result->ne[1]+clip_n_patches(ctx_clip));
+    memcpy(image_embd_out + clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_input) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), (float*)result->data, clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip) * (num_images-1)); // grid patches
+    *n_img_pos_out = static_cast<int>(result->ne[1]+clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_input));
 
     // Debug: Test single segments
     // Current findings: sending base image, sending a segment embedding all works similar to python
@@ -246,12 +258,9 @@ static clip_image_f32 * reshape_by_patch(clip_image_f32 * image, int patch_size)
 
 static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const clip_image_u8 * img, float * image_embd, int * n_img_pos) {
     // std::vector<clip_image_f32*> img_res_v; // format VectN x H x W x RGB (N x 336 x 336 x 3), so interleaved RGB - different to the python implementation which is N x 3 x 336 x 336
-    clip_image_f32_batch img_res_v;
-    img_res_v.size = 0;
-    img_res_v.data = nullptr;
-    if (!clip_image_preprocess(ctx_clip, img, &img_res_v)) {
+    clip_image_f32_batch_ptr img_res_v(clip_image_f32_batch_init());
+    if (!clip_image_preprocess(ctx_clip, img, img_res_v.get())) {
         LOG_ERR("%s: unable to preprocess image\n", __func__);
-        delete[] img_res_v.data;
         return false;
     }
 
@@ -259,66 +268,72 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
 
     const char * mm_patch_merge_type = clip_patch_merge_type(ctx_clip);
 
+    const size_t n_imgs = clip_image_f32_batch_n_images(img_res_v.get());
+
     if (clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip) || clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip)) {
         std::vector<float *> image_embd_v;
-        image_embd_v.resize(img_res_v.size);
-        struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = clip_image_size_init();
+        image_embd_v.resize(n_imgs);
+        clip_image_size load_image_size;
 
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < img_res_v.size; i++) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_imgs; i++) {
             const int64_t t_img_enc_step_start_us = ggml_time_us();
-            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, img_res_v.data[i].nx, img_res_v.data[i].ny));
-            int patch_size=14;
-            load_image_size->width = img_res_v.data[i].nx;
-            load_image_size->height = img_res_v.data[i].ny;
-            clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);
+            int nx = clip_image_f32_batch_nx(img_res_v.get(), i);
+            int ny = clip_image_f32_batch_ny(img_res_v.get(), i);
+            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, nx, ny));
+            int patch_size = 14;
+            load_image_size.width = nx;
+            load_image_size.height = ny;
+            clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, &load_image_size);
 
             bool encoded = false;
+            clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), i);
             if (clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip)) {
-                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]);
+                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd_v[i]);
             }
             else {
-                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, reshape_by_patch(&img_res_v.data[i], patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
+                encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, reshape_by_patch(img_res, patch_size), image_embd_v[i]);
             }
 
             if (!encoded) {
-                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) img_res_v.size);
+                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) n_imgs);
                 return false;
             }
             const int64_t t_img_enc_steop_batch_us = ggml_time_us();
-            LOG_INF("%s: step %d of %d encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)i+1, (int)img_res_v.size, (t_img_enc_steop_batch_us - t_img_enc_step_start_us) / 1000.0);
+            LOG_INF("%s: step %d of %d encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)i+1, (int)n_imgs, (t_img_enc_steop_batch_us - t_img_enc_step_start_us) / 1000.0);
         }
         const int64_t t_img_enc_batch_us = ggml_time_us();
-        LOG_INF("%s: all %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)img_res_v.size, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);
+        LOG_INF("%s: all %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)n_imgs, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);
 
         int n_img_pos_out = 0;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
+            int nx = clip_image_f32_batch_nx(img_res_v.get(), i);
+            int ny = clip_image_f32_batch_ny(img_res_v.get(), i);
+            clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), i);
             std::memcpy(
                 image_embd + n_img_pos_out * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip),
                 image_embd_v[i],
-                clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, img_res_v.data[i].nx, img_res_v.data[i].ny));
-            n_img_pos_out += clip_n_patches_by_img(ctx_clip, &img_res_v.data[i]);
+                clip_embd_nbytes_by_img(ctx_clip, nx, ny));
+            n_img_pos_out += clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_res);
         }
         *n_img_pos = n_img_pos_out;
         for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
             free(image_embd_v[i]);
         }
         image_embd_v.clear();
-        load_image_size->width = img->nx;
-        load_image_size->height = img->ny;
-        clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);
-        LOG_INF("%s: load_image_size %d %d\n", __func__, load_image_size->width, load_image_size->height);
-        delete[] img_res_v.data;
-        img_res_v.size = 0;
-        img_res_v.data = nullptr;
+        load_image_size.width = img->nx;
+        load_image_size.height = img->ny;
+        clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, &load_image_size);
+        LOG_INF("%s: load_image_size %d %d\n", __func__, load_image_size.width, load_image_size.height);
     }
     else if (clip_is_glm(ctx_clip)){
         struct clip_image_size * load_image_size = clip_image_size_init();
-        load_image_size->width = img_res_v.data[0].nx;
-        load_image_size->height = img_res_v.data[0].ny;
+        load_image_size->width  = clip_image_f32_batch_nx(img_res_v.get(), 0);
+        load_image_size->height = clip_image_f32_batch_ny(img_res_v.get(), 0);
         clip_add_load_image_size(ctx_clip, load_image_size);
 
-        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[0], image_embd);
-        int pos = int(load_image_size->width/clip_patch_size(ctx_clip)/2);
+        clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), 0);
+        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd);
+        int pos = int(load_image_size->width/clip_get_patch_size(ctx_clip)/2);
         *n_img_pos = (pos * pos + 2);
         if (!encoded){
             LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image \n");
@@ -327,9 +342,9 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
     }
     else if (strcmp(mm_patch_merge_type, "spatial_unpad") != 0) {
         // flat / default llava-1.5 type embedding
-        *n_img_pos = clip_n_patches(ctx_clip);
-        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[0], image_embd); // image_embd shape is 576 x 4096
-        delete[] img_res_v.data;
+        clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), 0);
+        *n_img_pos = clip_n_output_tokens(ctx_clip, img_res);
+        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd); // image_embd shape is 576 x 4096
         if (!encoded) {
             LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image\n");
 
@@ -340,17 +355,18 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
         // spatial_unpad llava-1.6 type embedding
         // TODO: CLIP needs batching support - in HF the llm projection is separate after encoding, which might be a solution to quickly get batching working
         std::vector<float *> image_embd_v;
-        image_embd_v.resize(img_res_v.size);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < img_res_v.size; i++) {
+        image_embd_v.resize(n_imgs);
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < n_imgs; i++) {
+            clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), i);
             image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // 576 patches * 4096 embeddings * 4 bytes = 9437184
-            const bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]); // image data is in 3x336x336 format and will be converted to 336x336x3 inside
+            const bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd_v[i]); // image data is in 3x336x336 format and will be converted to 336x336x3 inside
             if (!encoded) {
-                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) img_res_v.size);
+                LOG_ERR("Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) n_imgs);
                 return false;
             }
         }
         const int64_t t_img_enc_batch_us = ggml_time_us();
-        LOG_INF("%s: %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)img_res_v.size, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);
+        LOG_INF("%s: %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)n_imgs, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);
 
         const int32_t * image_grid = clip_image_grid(ctx_clip);
         const size_t num_gridpoints = get_clip_image_grid_size(ctx_clip);
@@ -360,17 +376,13 @@ static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const cli
             grid_pinpoints.push_back({image_grid[i], image_grid[i+1]});
         }
 
-        // free all img_res_v - not needed anymore
-        delete[] img_res_v.data;
-        img_res_v.size = 0;
-        img_res_v.data = nullptr;
-
-        const int32_t image_size = clip_image_size(ctx_clip);
+        const int32_t image_size = clip_get_image_size(ctx_clip);
 
         struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape = get_anyres_image_grid_shape({img->nx,img->ny}, grid_pinpoints, image_size);
 
         int n_img_pos_out;
-        clip_llava_handle_patches(ctx_clip, image_embd_v, grid_shape, image_embd, &n_img_pos_out);
+        clip_image_f32 * img_input = clip_image_f32_get_img(img_res_v.get(), 0);
+        clip_llava_handle_patches(ctx_clip, image_embd_v, grid_shape, image_embd, &n_img_pos_out, img_input);
         *n_img_pos = n_img_pos_out;
 
         for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {

examples/llava/minicpmv-cli.cpp

@@ -1,354 +0,0 @@
-#include "arg.h"
-#include "log.h"
-#include "common.h"
-#include "sampling.h"
-#include "clip.h"
-#include "llava.h"
-#include "llama.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
-
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <cstdlib>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <vector>
-#include <iostream> // TODO: remove me
-
-struct llava_context {
-    struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip = NULL;
-    struct llama_context * ctx_llama = NULL;
-    struct llama_model * model = NULL;
-};
-
-static void show_additional_info(int /*argc*/, char ** argv) {
-    LOG("\nexample usage:\n\n%s -m <llava-v1.5-7b/ggml-model-q5_k.gguf> --mmproj <llava-v1.5-7b/mmproj-model-f16.gguf> --image <path/to/an/image.jpg> --image <path/to/another/image.jpg> [--temp 0.1] [-p \"describe the image in detail.\"]\n", argv[0]);
-    LOG("\nnote: a lower temperature value like 0.1 is recommended for better quality.\n");
-}
-
-static struct llama_model * llava_init(common_params * params) {
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params->numa);
-
-    llama_model_params model_params = common_model_params_to_llama(*params);
-
-    llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(params->model.path.c_str(), model_params);
-    if (model == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: unable to load model\n" , __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    return model;
-}
-
-static struct llava_context * llava_init_context(common_params * params, llama_model * model) {
-    auto prompt = params->prompt;
-    if (prompt.empty()) {
-        prompt = "describe the image in detail.";
-    }
-
-    llama_context_params ctx_params = common_context_params_to_llama(*params);
-    if (params->n_ctx < 2048) {
-        // warn user here, "Image processing requires at least 2048 context, setting context to 2048"
-        LOG_WRN("%s: Image processing requires at least 2048 context, setting context to 2048\n" , __func__);
-        ctx_params.n_ctx = 2048;
-    } else {
-        ctx_params.n_ctx = params->n_ctx;
-    }
-
-    llama_context * ctx_llama = llama_init_from_model(model, ctx_params);
-
-    if (ctx_llama == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create the llama_context\n" , __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    auto * ctx_llava = (struct llava_context *)malloc(sizeof(llava_context));
-
-    ctx_llava->ctx_llama = ctx_llama;
-    ctx_llava->model = model;
-    return ctx_llava;
-}
-
-static void llava_free(struct llava_context * ctx_llava) {
-    if (ctx_llava->ctx_clip) {
-        clip_free(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-        ctx_llava->ctx_clip = NULL;
-    }
-
-    llama_free(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
-    llama_model_free(ctx_llava->model);
-    llama_backend_free();
-}
-
-static struct clip_ctx * clip_init_context(common_params * params) {
-    const char * clip_path = params->mmproj.path.c_str();
-
-    auto prompt = params->prompt;
-    if (prompt.empty()) {
-        prompt = "describe the image in detail.";
-    }
-    struct clip_context_params clip_params = {
-        /* use_gpu */   params->n_gpu_layers != 0,
-        /* verbosity */ params->verbosity,
-    };
-    auto * ctx_clip = clip_init(clip_path, clip_params);
-    return ctx_clip;
-}
-
-static bool eval_tokens(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, std::vector<llama_token> tokens, int n_batch, int * n_past) {
-    int N = (int) tokens.size();
-    for (int i = 0; i < N; i += n_batch) {
-        int n_eval = (int) tokens.size() - i;
-        if (n_eval > n_batch) {
-            n_eval = n_batch;
-        }
-        if (llama_decode(ctx_llama, llama_batch_get_one(&tokens[i], n_eval))) {
-            LOG_ERR("%s : failed to eval. token %d/%d (batch size %d, n_past %d)\n", __func__, i, N, n_batch, *n_past);
-            return false;
-        }
-        *n_past += n_eval;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool eval_id(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, int id, int * n_past) {
-    std::vector<llama_token> tokens;
-    tokens.push_back(id);
-    return eval_tokens(ctx_llama, tokens, 1, n_past);
-}
-
-static bool eval_string(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, const char* str, int n_batch, int * n_past, bool add_bos){
-    std::string              str2     = str;
-    std::vector<llama_token> embd_inp = common_tokenize(ctx_llama, str2, add_bos, true);
-    return eval_tokens(ctx_llama, embd_inp, n_batch, n_past);
-}
-
-static void process_eval_image_embed(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, const struct llava_image_embed * embeds, int n_batch, int * n_past, int idx) {
-    float * image_embed = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_llava->ctx_clip));
-    std::memcpy(image_embed, embeds->embed + idx * clip_n_patches(ctx_llava->ctx_clip) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_llava->ctx_clip), clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_llava->ctx_clip));
-
-    auto * slice_embed = (llava_image_embed*)malloc(sizeof(llava_image_embed));
-    slice_embed->embed = image_embed;
-    slice_embed->n_image_pos = clip_n_patches(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-    llava_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, slice_embed, n_batch, n_past);
-    llava_image_embed_free(slice_embed);
-}
-
-static void process_image(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, struct llava_image_embed * embeds, common_params * params, int &n_past) {
-    std::string system_prompt;
-    int idx = 0;
-    int num_image_embeds = embeds->n_image_pos / clip_n_patches(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-    int has_minicpmv_projector = clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-    if (has_minicpmv_projector == 2) {
-        system_prompt = "<|begin_of_text|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\n";
-    }
-    else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
-        system_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n";
-    }
-    else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 4) {
-        system_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n";
-    }
-    LOG_INF("%s: image token past: %d\n", __func__, n_past);
-    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, (system_prompt+"<image>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-    process_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava, embeds, params->n_batch, &n_past, idx++);
-    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("</image>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-    if (num_image_embeds > 1) {
-        if (has_minicpmv_projector == 2) {
-            size_t num_image_embeds_col = clip_uhd_num_image_embeds_col(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-            eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("<slice>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < (num_image_embeds-1)/num_image_embeds_col; ++i) {
-                for (size_t j = 0; j < num_image_embeds_col; ++j) {
-                    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("<image>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-                    process_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava, embeds, params->n_batch, &n_past, idx++);
-                    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("</image>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-                    if (j == num_image_embeds_col - 1) {
-                        eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("\n").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-            eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("</slice>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-        }
-        else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3 || has_minicpmv_projector == 4) {
-            size_t num_image_embeds_col = clip_uhd_num_image_embeds_col(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < (num_image_embeds-1)/num_image_embeds_col; ++i) {
-                for (size_t j = 0; j < num_image_embeds_col; ++j) {
-                    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("<slice>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-                    process_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava, embeds, params->n_batch, &n_past, idx++);
-                    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("</slice>").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-                    if (j == num_image_embeds_col - 1) {
-                        eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, std::string("\n").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-                    }
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-    LOG_INF("%s: image token past: %d\n", __func__, n_past);
-}
-
-static const char * sample(struct common_sampler * smpl,
-                           struct llama_context * ctx_llama,
-                           int * n_past) {
-    const llama_token id = common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx_llama, -1);
-    common_sampler_accept(smpl, id, true);
-
-    const llama_model * model = llama_get_model(ctx_llama);
-    const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
-
-    static std::string ret;
-    if (llama_vocab_is_eog(vocab, id)) {
-        ret = "</s>";
-    } else {
-        ret = common_token_to_piece(ctx_llama, id);
-    }
-    eval_id(ctx_llama, id, n_past);
-    return ret.c_str();
-}
-
-static struct llava_context * minicpmv_init(common_params * params, const std::string & fname, int &n_past){
-    auto * ctx_clip = clip_init_context(params);
-    auto * embeds = llava_image_embed_make_with_filename(ctx_clip, params->cpuparams.n_threads, fname.c_str());
-    if (!embeds) {
-        LOG_ERR("failed to load image %s. Terminating\n\n", fname.c_str());
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    // process the prompt
-    if (params->prompt.empty() && params->interactive == false) {
-        LOG_ERR("prompt should be given or interactive mode should be on");
-        return NULL;
-    }
-
-    auto * model = llava_init(params);
-    if (model == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: failed to init minicpmv model\n", __func__);
-        return NULL;
-    }
-    const int64_t t_llava_init_start_us = ggml_time_us();
-    auto * ctx_llava = llava_init_context(params, model);
-    ctx_llava->ctx_clip = ctx_clip;
-    const int64_t t_llava_init_end_us = ggml_time_us();
-    float t_llava_init_ms = (t_llava_init_end_us - t_llava_init_start_us) / 1000.0;
-    LOG_INF("%s: llava init in %8.2f ms.\n", __func__, t_llava_init_ms);
-
-    const int64_t t_process_image_start_us = ggml_time_us();
-    process_image(ctx_llava, embeds, params, n_past);
-    const int64_t t_process_image_end_us = ggml_time_us();
-    float t_process_image_ms = (t_process_image_end_us - t_process_image_start_us) / 1000.0;
-    LOG_INF("%s: llama process image in %8.2f ms.\n", __func__, t_process_image_ms);
-
-    llava_image_embed_free(embeds);
-    return ctx_llava;
-}
-
-static struct common_sampler * llama_init(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, common_params * params, const std::string & prompt, int & n_past, bool is_first = false){
-    std::string user_prompt = prompt;
-    int has_minicpmv_projector = clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_llava->ctx_clip);
-    if (!is_first) {
-        if (has_minicpmv_projector == 2) {
-            user_prompt = "<|begin_of_text|><|start_header_id|>user<|end_header_id|>\n\n" + prompt;
-        }
-        else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
-            user_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n" + prompt;
-        }
-        else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 4) {
-            user_prompt = "<|im_start|>user\n" + prompt;
-        }
-    }
-
-    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-    if (has_minicpmv_projector == 2) {
-        eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, "<|eot_id|><|start_header_id|>assistant<|end_header_id|>\n\n", params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-    }
-    else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 3) {
-        eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, "<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant\n", params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-    }
-    else if (has_minicpmv_projector == 4) {
-        eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, "<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant\n", params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
-    }
-
-    // generate the response
-
-    LOG_INF("\n");
-
-    struct common_sampler * smpl = common_sampler_init(ctx_llava->model, params->sampling);
-    return smpl;
-}
-
-static const char * llama_loop(struct llava_context * ctx_llava,struct common_sampler * smpl, int &n_past){
-
-    const char * tmp = sample(smpl, ctx_llava->ctx_llama, &n_past);
-    return tmp;
-}
-
-int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
-    ggml_time_init();
-
-    common_params params;
-
-    if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA, show_additional_info)) {
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    common_init();
-
-    if (params.mmproj.path.empty() || (params.image.empty())) {
-        show_additional_info(argc, argv);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
-    for (auto & image : params.image) {
-        int n_past = 0;
-        auto * ctx_llava = minicpmv_init(&params, image, n_past);
-
-        if (!params.prompt.empty()) {
-            LOG("<user>%s\n", params.prompt.c_str());
-            LOG("<assistant>");
-            auto * smpl = llama_init(ctx_llava, &params, params.prompt, n_past, true);
-            const int max_tgt_len = params.n_predict < 0 ? 256 : params.n_predict;
-            std::string response;
-            bool have_tmp = false;
-            for (int i = 0; i < max_tgt_len; i++) {
-                const auto * tmp = llama_loop(ctx_llava, smpl, n_past);
-                response += tmp;
-                if (strcmp(tmp, "</s>") == 0){
-                    if (!have_tmp) {
-                        continue;
-                    }
-                    break;
-                }
-                if (strstr(tmp, "###")) break; // Yi-VL behavior
-                have_tmp = true;
-                printf("%s", tmp);
-                if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<user>")) break; // minicpm-v
-
-                fflush(stdout);
-            }
-            common_sampler_free(smpl);
-        }else {
-            while (true) {
-                LOG("<user>");
-                std::string prompt;
-                std::getline(std::cin, prompt);
-                LOG("<assistant>");
-                auto * smpl = llama_init(ctx_llava, &params, prompt, n_past, true);
-                const int max_tgt_len = params.n_predict < 0 ? 256 : params.n_predict;
-                std::string response;
-                for (int i = 0; i < max_tgt_len; i++) {
-                    const auto * tmp = llama_loop(ctx_llava, smpl, n_past);
-                    response += tmp;
-                    if (strcmp(tmp, "</s>") == 0) break;
-                    printf("%s", tmp);// mistral llava-1.6
-                    if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<user>")) break; // minicpm-v
-                    fflush(stdout);
-                }
-                common_sampler_free(smpl);
-            }
-        }
-        printf("\n");
-        llama_perf_context_print(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
-
-        ctx_llava->model = NULL;
-        llava_free(ctx_llava);
-    }
-
-    return 0;
-}

examples/llava/mtmd-cli.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,344 @@
+#include "arg.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "sampling.h"
+#include "llama.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "console.h"
+#include "chat.h"
+#include "mtmd.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <limits.h>
+#include <cinttypes>
+
+#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__))
+#include <signal.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+#elif defined (_WIN32)
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#include <windows.h>
+#include <signal.h>
+#endif
+
+// volatile, because of signal being an interrupt
+static volatile bool g_is_generating = false;
+static volatile bool g_is_interrupted = false;
+
+/**
+ * Please note that this is NOT a production-ready stuff.
+ * It is a playground for trying multimodal support in llama.cpp.
+ * For contributors: please keep this code simple and easy to understand.
+ */
+
+static void show_additional_info(int /*argc*/, char ** argv) {
+    LOG(
+        "Experimental CLI for multimodal\n\n"
+        "Usage: %s [options] -m <model> --mmproj <mmproj> --image <image> -p <prompt>\n\n"
+        "  -m and --mmproj are required\n"
+        "  -hf user/repo can replace both -m and --mmproj in most cases\n"
+        "  --image and -p are optional, if NOT provided, the CLI will run in chat mode\n"
+        "  to disable using GPU for mmproj model, add --no-mmproj-offload\n",
+        argv[0]
+    );
+}
+
+#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__)) || defined (_WIN32)
+static void sigint_handler(int signo) {
+    if (signo == SIGINT) {
+        if (g_is_generating) {
+            g_is_generating = false;
+        } else {
+            console::cleanup();
+            if (g_is_interrupted) {
+                _exit(1);
+            }
+            g_is_interrupted = true;
+        }
+    }
+}
+#endif
+
+struct mtmd_cli_context {
+    mtmd_context_ptr ctx_vision;
+    common_init_result llama_init;
+
+    llama_model       * model;
+    llama_context     * lctx;
+    const llama_vocab * vocab;
+    llama_batch         batch;
+    int                 n_batch;
+
+    // note: we know that gemma3 template is "linear", meaning each turn is completely separated to another
+    // so here we don't need to keep track of chat history
+    common_chat_templates_ptr tmpls;
+
+    // support for legacy templates (models not having EOT token)
+    llama_tokens antiprompt_tokens;
+
+    int n_threads    = 1;
+    llama_pos n_past = 0;
+
+    mtmd_cli_context(common_params & params) : llama_init(common_init_from_params(params)) {
+        model = llama_init.model.get();
+        lctx = llama_init.context.get();
+        vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
+        n_threads = params.cpuparams.n_threads;
+        batch = llama_batch_init(params.n_batch, 0, 1);
+        n_batch = params.n_batch;
+
+        if (!llama_model_chat_template(model, nullptr) && params.chat_template.empty()) {
+            LOG_ERR("Model does not have chat template.\n");
+            LOG_ERR("  For old llava models, you may need to use '--chat-template vicuna'\n");
+            LOG_ERR("  For MobileVLM models, use '--chat-template deepseek'\n");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        tmpls = common_chat_templates_init(model, params.chat_template);
+        LOG_INF("%s: chat template example:\n%s\n", __func__, common_chat_format_example(tmpls.get(), params.use_jinja).c_str());
+
+        init_vision_context(params);
+
+        // load antiprompt tokens for legacy templates
+        if (params.chat_template == "vicuna") {
+            antiprompt_tokens = common_tokenize(lctx, "ASSISTANT:", false, true);
+        } else if (params.chat_template == "deepseek") {
+            antiprompt_tokens = common_tokenize(lctx, "###", false, true);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void init_vision_context(common_params & params) {
+        const char * clip_path = params.mmproj.path.c_str();
+        ctx_vision.reset(mtmd_init_from_file(clip_path, model, mtmd_context_params{
+            /* use_gpu */   params.mmproj_use_gpu,
+            /* timings */   true,
+            /* n_threads */ params.cpuparams.n_threads,
+            /* verbosity */ params.verbosity > 0 ? GGML_LOG_LEVEL_DEBUG : GGML_LOG_LEVEL_INFO,
+        }));
+        if (!ctx_vision.get()) {
+            LOG_ERR("Failed to load vision model from %s\n", clip_path);
+            exit(1);
+        }
+    }
+
+    bool check_antiprompt(const llama_tokens & generated_tokens) {
+        if (antiprompt_tokens.empty() || generated_tokens.size() < antiprompt_tokens.size()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        return std::equal(
+            generated_tokens.end() - antiprompt_tokens.size(),
+            generated_tokens.end(),
+            antiprompt_tokens.begin()
+        );
+    }
+};
+
+static int generate_response(mtmd_cli_context & ctx, common_sampler * smpl, int n_predict) {
+    llama_tokens generated_tokens;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_predict; i++) {
+        if (i > n_predict || !g_is_generating || g_is_interrupted) {
+            printf("\n");
+            break;
+        }
+
+        llama_token token_id = common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx.lctx, -1);
+        generated_tokens.push_back(token_id);
+        common_sampler_accept(smpl, token_id, true);
+
+        if (llama_vocab_is_eog(ctx.vocab, token_id) || ctx.check_antiprompt(generated_tokens)) {
+            printf("\n");
+            break; // end of generation
+        }
+
+        printf("%s", common_token_to_piece(ctx.lctx, token_id).c_str());
+        fflush(stdout);
+
+        if (g_is_interrupted) {
+            printf("\n");
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // eval the token
+        common_batch_clear(ctx.batch);
+        common_batch_add(ctx.batch, token_id, ctx.n_past++, {0}, true);
+        if (llama_decode(ctx.lctx, ctx.batch)) {
+            LOG_ERR("failed to decode token\n");
+            return 1;
+        }
+    }
+    return 0;
+}
+
+static int eval_message(mtmd_cli_context & ctx, common_chat_msg & msg, std::vector<std::string> & images_fname, bool add_bos = false) {
+    std::vector<mtmd_bitmap> bitmaps;
+
+    common_chat_templates_inputs tmpl_inputs;
+    tmpl_inputs.messages = {msg};
+    tmpl_inputs.add_generation_prompt = true;
+    tmpl_inputs.use_jinja = false; // jinja is buggy here
+    auto formatted_chat = common_chat_templates_apply(ctx.tmpls.get(), tmpl_inputs);
+    LOG_DBG("formatted_chat.prompt: %s\n", formatted_chat.prompt.c_str());
+
+    for (auto & fname : images_fname) {
+        mtmd_bitmap bitmap;
+        if (mtmd_helper_bitmap_init_from_file(fname.c_str(), bitmap)) {
+            LOG_ERR("Unable to load image %s\n", fname.c_str());
+            return 2; // image not found
+        }
+        bitmaps.push_back(std::move(bitmap));
+    }
+
+    mtmd_input_text text;
+    text.text          = formatted_chat.prompt;
+    text.add_special   = add_bos;
+    text.parse_special = true;
+    mtmd_input_chunks chunks;
+
+    if (g_is_interrupted) return 0;
+
+    int32_t res = mtmd_tokenize(ctx.ctx_vision.get(), chunks, text, bitmaps);
+    if (res != 0) {
+        LOG_ERR("Unable to tokenize prompt, res = %d\n", res);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    if (mtmd_helper_eval(ctx.ctx_vision.get(), ctx.lctx, chunks, ctx.n_past, 0, ctx.n_batch)) {
+        LOG_ERR("Unable to eval prompt\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    ctx.n_past += mtmd_helper_get_n_pos(chunks);
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
+    ggml_time_init();
+
+    common_params params;
+    params.sampling.temp = 0.2; // lower temp by default for better quality
+
+    if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_LLAVA, show_additional_info)) {
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    common_init();
+
+    if (params.mmproj.path.empty()) {
+        show_additional_info(argc, argv);
+        LOG_ERR("ERR: Missing --mmproj argument\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    mtmd_cli_context ctx(params);
+    printf("%s: %s\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
+
+    bool is_single_turn = !params.prompt.empty() && !params.image.empty();
+
+    struct common_sampler * smpl = common_sampler_init(ctx.model, params.sampling);
+    int n_predict = params.n_predict < 0 ? INT_MAX : params.n_predict;
+
+    // ctrl+C handling
+    {
+#if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__))
+        struct sigaction sigint_action;
+        sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
+        sigemptyset (&sigint_action.sa_mask);
+        sigint_action.sa_flags = 0;
+        sigaction(SIGINT, &sigint_action, NULL);
+#elif defined (_WIN32)
+        auto console_ctrl_handler = +[](DWORD ctrl_type) -> BOOL {
+            return (ctrl_type == CTRL_C_EVENT) ? (sigint_handler(SIGINT), true) : false;
+        };
+        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(reinterpret_cast<PHANDLER_ROUTINE>(console_ctrl_handler), true);
+#endif
+    }
+
+    if (g_is_interrupted) return 130;
+
+    if (is_single_turn) {
+        g_is_generating = true;
+        if (params.prompt.find("<__image__>") == std::string::npos) {
+            params.prompt += " <__image__>";
+        }
+        common_chat_msg msg;
+        msg.role = "user";
+        msg.content = params.prompt;
+        if (eval_message(ctx, msg, params.image, true)) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+        if (!g_is_interrupted && generate_response(ctx, smpl, n_predict)) {
+            return 1;
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        LOG("\n Running in chat mode, available commands:");
+        LOG("\n   /image <path>    load an image");
+        LOG("\n   /clear           clear the chat history");
+        LOG("\n   /quit or /exit   exit the program");
+        LOG("\n");
+
+        bool is_first_msg = true;
+        std::vector<std::string> images_fname;
+        std::string content;
+
+        while (!g_is_interrupted) {
+            g_is_generating = false;
+            LOG("\n> ");
+            console::set_display(console::user_input);
+            std::string line;
+            console::readline(line, false);
+            if (g_is_interrupted) break;
+            console::set_display(console::reset);
+            line = string_strip(line);
+            if (line.empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (line == "/quit" || line == "/exit") {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (line == "/clear") {
+                ctx.n_past = 0;
+                llama_kv_self_seq_rm(ctx.lctx, 0, 1, -1); // keep BOS
+                LOG("Chat history cleared\n\n");
+                continue;
+            }
+            g_is_generating = true;
+            if (line.find("/image") == 0) {
+                std::string image = line.substr(7);
+                images_fname.push_back(string_strip(image));
+                content += "<__image__>";
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                content += line;
+            }
+            common_chat_msg msg;
+            msg.role = "user";
+            msg.content = content;
+            int ret = eval_message(ctx, msg, images_fname, is_first_msg);
+            if (g_is_interrupted) break;
+            if (ret == 2) {
+                // non-fatal error
+                images_fname.clear();
+                content.clear();
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (ret) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            if (generate_response(ctx, smpl, n_predict)) {
+                return 1;
+            }
+            images_fname.clear();
+            content.clear();
+            is_first_msg = false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (g_is_interrupted) LOG("\nInterrupted by user\n");
+    LOG("\n\n");
+    llama_perf_context_print(ctx.lctx);
+    return g_is_interrupted ? 130 : 0;
+}

examples/llava/mtmd.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,708 @@
+#include "clip.h"
+#include "clip-impl.h"
+#include "mtmd.h"
+
+#include "llama.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cerrno>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
+#include <limits>
+#include <vector>
+
+// slice template, used by some llava-uhd models to correctly place the special tokens around image embeddings
+// models not having it (llava-1.6) will process embeddings without any special tokens in-between
+enum mtmd_slice_tmpl {
+    MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_NONE,
+    MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_MINICPMV_2_5,
+    MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_MINICPMV_2_6,
+    // TODO @ngxson : add support for idefics (SmolVLM)
+};
+
+struct mtmd_context {
+    struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip;
+    const struct llama_model * text_model;
+    std::vector<float> image_embd_v; // image embedding vector
+
+    bool print_timings;
+    int n_threads;
+    std::string image_marker;
+
+    // for minicpmv, we need special tokens in-between slices
+    mtmd_slice_tmpl slice_tmpl    = MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_NONE;
+    llama_token tok_ov_img_start  = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL; // overview image
+    llama_token tok_ov_img_end    = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL; // overview image
+    llama_token tok_slices_start  = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL; // start of all slices
+    llama_token tok_slices_end    = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL; // end of all slices
+    llama_token tok_sli_img_start = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL; // single slice
+    llama_token tok_sli_img_end   = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL; // single slice
+    llama_token tok_row_end       = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL; // end of row
+
+    bool use_mrope = false; // for Qwen2VL, we need to use M-RoPE
+
+    // TODO @ngxson : add timings
+
+    mtmd_context(const char * mmproj_fname,
+                   const llama_model * text_model,
+                   const mtmd_context_params & ctx_params) :
+        text_model   (text_model),
+        print_timings(ctx_params.print_timings),
+        n_threads    (ctx_params.n_threads),
+        image_marker (ctx_params.image_marker)
+    {
+        clip_context_params ctx_clip_params;
+        ctx_clip_params.use_gpu   = ctx_params.use_gpu;
+        ctx_clip_params.verbosity = ctx_params.verbosity;
+        ctx_clip = clip_init(mmproj_fname, ctx_clip_params);
+        if (!ctx_clip) {
+            throw std::runtime_error(string_format("Failed to load CLIP model from %s\n", mmproj_fname));
+        }
+
+        use_mrope = clip_is_qwen2vl(ctx_clip);
+
+        int minicpmv_version = clip_is_minicpmv(ctx_clip);
+        if (minicpmv_version == 2) {
+            // minicpmv 2.5 format:
+            // <image> (overview) </image><slice><image> (slice) </image><image> (slice) </image>\n ... </slice>
+            slice_tmpl        = MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_MINICPMV_2_5;
+            tok_ov_img_start  = lookup_token("<image>");
+            tok_ov_img_end    = lookup_token("</image>");
+            tok_slices_start  = lookup_token("<slice>");
+            tok_slices_end    = lookup_token("</slice>");
+            tok_sli_img_start = tok_ov_img_start;
+            tok_sli_img_end   = tok_ov_img_end;
+            tok_row_end       = lookup_token("\n");
+
+        } else if (minicpmv_version == 3 || minicpmv_version == 4) {
+            // minicpmv 2.6 format:
+            // <image> (overview) </image><slice> (slice) </slice><slice> (slice) </slice>\n ...
+            slice_tmpl        = MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_MINICPMV_2_6;
+            tok_ov_img_start  = lookup_token("<image>");
+            tok_ov_img_end    = lookup_token("</image>");
+            tok_sli_img_start = lookup_token("<slice>");
+            tok_sli_img_end   = lookup_token("</slice>");
+            tok_row_end       = lookup_token("\n");
+
+        } else if (minicpmv_version != 0) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "unsupported minicpmv version");
+        }
+    }
+
+    ~mtmd_context() {
+        clip_free(ctx_clip);
+    }
+
+private:
+    llama_token lookup_token(const std::string & token_text) {
+        const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(text_model);
+        const int n_vocab = llama_vocab_n_tokens(vocab);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n_vocab; i++) {
+            if (token_to_piece(vocab, i, true) == token_text) {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+        return LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
+    }
+
+    std::string token_to_piece(const llama_vocab * vocab, llama_token token, bool special) {
+        std::string piece;
+        piece.resize(piece.capacity());  // using string internal cache, 15 bytes + '\n'
+        const int n_chars = llama_token_to_piece(vocab, token, &piece[0], piece.size(), 0, special);
+        if (n_chars < 0) {
+            piece.resize(-n_chars);
+            int check = llama_token_to_piece(vocab, token, &piece[0], piece.size(), 0, special);
+            GGML_ASSERT(check == -n_chars);
+        } else {
+            piece.resize(n_chars);
+        }
+        return piece;
+    }
+};
+
+struct mtmd_image_tokens_data {
+    clip_image_f32_batch batch_f32; // preprocessed image patches
+};
+
+struct mtmd_image_tokens {
+    uint32_t nx; // number of tokens in x direction
+    uint32_t ny; // number of tokens in y direction
+    bool use_mrope_pos = false; // use M-RoPE position counting (the whole image is 1 temporal position)
+    uint32_t n_tokens() const { return nx * ny; }
+    clip_image_f32_batch batch_f32; // preprocessed image patches
+    std::string id; // optional user-defined ID, useful for KV cache tracking
+};
+
+mtmd_context * mtmd_init_from_file(const char * mmproj_fname,
+        const struct llama_model * text_model,
+        const struct mtmd_context_params ctx_params) {
+    try {
+        return new mtmd_context(mmproj_fname, text_model, ctx_params);
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+        return nullptr;
+    }
+}
+
+void mtmd_free(mtmd_context * ctx) {
+    if (ctx) {
+        delete ctx;
+    }
+}
+
+// copied from common_tokenize
+static std::vector<llama_token> mtmd_tokenize_text_internal(
+    const struct llama_vocab * vocab,
+           const std::string & text,
+                        bool   add_special,
+                        bool   parse_special) {
+    // upper limit for the number of tokens
+    int n_tokens = text.length() + 2 * add_special;
+    std::vector<llama_token> result(n_tokens);
+    n_tokens = llama_tokenize(vocab, text.data(), text.length(), result.data(), result.size(), add_special, parse_special);
+    if (n_tokens < 0) {
+        result.resize(-n_tokens);
+        int check = llama_tokenize(vocab, text.data(), text.length(), result.data(), result.size(), add_special, parse_special);
+        GGML_ASSERT(check == -n_tokens);
+    } else {
+        result.resize(n_tokens);
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+int32_t mtmd_tokenize(mtmd_context * ctx,
+                        std::vector<mtmd_input_chunk> & output,
+                        const mtmd_input_text & text,
+                        const std::vector<mtmd_bitmap> & bitmaps) {
+    auto vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(ctx->text_model);
+
+    std::string prompt_modified(text.text);
+    std::string marker_modified(ctx->image_marker);
+    projector_type proj_type = clip_get_projector_type(ctx->ctx_clip);
+
+    // a bit hacky here, but works for now
+    // for some models, we need to add prefix and suffix to the image embeddings
+    if (clip_is_gemma3(ctx->ctx_clip)) {
+        // gemma 3
+        // <start_of_image> ... (image embeddings) ... <end_of_image>
+        marker_modified = "<start_of_image>" + ctx->image_marker + "<end_of_image>";
+        string_replace_all(prompt_modified, ctx->image_marker, marker_modified);
+
+    } else if (proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GLM_EDGE) {
+        // <|begin_of_image|> ... (image embeddings) ... <|end_of_image|>
+        marker_modified = "<|begin_of_image|>" + ctx->image_marker + "<|end_of_image|>";
+        string_replace_all(prompt_modified, ctx->image_marker, marker_modified);
+
+    } else if (proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_IDEFICS3) {
+        // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/a42ba80fa520c784c8f11a973ca9034e5f859b79/src/transformers/models/idefics3/processing_idefics3.py#L192-L215
+        marker_modified = "<fake_token_around_image><global-img>" + ctx->image_marker + "<fake_token_around_image>";
+        string_replace_all(prompt_modified, ctx->image_marker, marker_modified);
+
+    } else if (proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_PIXTRAL) {
+        // https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/1cd110c6cb6a6237614130c470e9a902dbc1a4bd/docs/source/en/model_doc/pixtral.md
+        marker_modified = ctx->image_marker + "[IMG_END]";
+        string_replace_all(prompt_modified, ctx->image_marker, marker_modified);
+    }
+
+    else if (proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN2VL || proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_QWEN25VL) {
+        // <|vision_start|> ... (image embeddings) ... <|vision_end|>
+        marker_modified = "<|vision_start|>" + ctx->image_marker + "<|vision_end|>";
+        string_replace_all(prompt_modified, ctx->image_marker, marker_modified);
+
+    }
+
+    // llava-1.5, llava-1.6, Yi-VL, Yi-34B, granite: don't need to add prefix and suffix
+
+    std::vector<std::string> parts = string_split_str(prompt_modified, ctx->image_marker);
+    output.clear();
+    output.reserve(parts.size());
+
+    size_t i_img = 0;
+
+    // utility for adding raw tokens
+    auto add_text_chunk = [&output](std::vector<llama_token> && tokens) {
+        mtmd_input_chunk chunk{
+            MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_TEXT,
+            std::move(tokens),
+            {},
+        };
+        output.emplace_back(std::move(chunk));
+    };
+
+    // utility for splitting batch of multiple images into chunks of batch having single images
+    auto split_batch_to_chunk = [&ctx](clip_image_f32_batch && batch_f32, const std::string & id) {
+        std::vector<mtmd_input_chunk> chunks;
+
+        for (auto & entry : batch_f32.entries) {
+            mtmd_image_tokens_ptr image_tokens(new mtmd_image_tokens);
+            image_tokens->nx = clip_n_output_tokens(ctx->ctx_clip, entry.get());
+            image_tokens->ny = 1;
+            image_tokens->batch_f32.entries.push_back(std::move(entry));
+            image_tokens->id = id;
+
+            mtmd_input_chunk chunk{
+                MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_IMAGE,
+                {},
+                std::move(image_tokens),
+            };
+            chunks.emplace_back(std::move(chunk));
+        }
+
+        return chunks;
+    };
+
+    for (const auto & part : parts) {
+        // printf("tokenizing part: %s\n", part.c_str());
+        bool add_bos = &parts.front() == &part;
+        auto tokens = mtmd_tokenize_text_internal(vocab, part, text.add_special && add_bos, text.parse_special);
+        if (tokens.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        mtmd_input_chunk chunk{
+            MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_TEXT,
+            std::move(tokens),
+            {},
+        };
+        output.emplace_back(std::move(chunk));
+
+        if (&parts.back() != &part) {
+            // add image token to middle of 2 parts
+
+            if (i_img >= bitmaps.size()) {
+                LOG_ERR("%s: error: not enough images for %d parts\n", __func__, (int)parts.size());
+                return 1;
+            }
+
+            // convert mtmd_bitmap to clip_image_u8
+            clip_image_u8_ptr img_u8(clip_image_u8_init());
+            img_u8->nx = bitmaps[i_img].nx;
+            img_u8->ny = bitmaps[i_img].ny;
+            img_u8->buf.resize(bitmaps[i_img].data.size());
+            std::memcpy(img_u8->buf.data(), bitmaps[i_img].data.data(), img_u8->nx * img_u8->ny * 3);
+            clip_image_size img_u8_size{img_u8->nx, img_u8->ny};
+
+            // preprocess image
+            clip_image_f32_batch batch_f32;
+            bool ok = clip_image_preprocess(ctx->ctx_clip, img_u8.get(), &batch_f32);
+            if (!ok) {
+                LOG_ERR("Unable to preprocess image\n");
+                return 2;
+            }
+
+            if (ctx->slice_tmpl == MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_MINICPMV_2_5 || ctx->slice_tmpl == MTMD_SLICE_TMPL_MINICPMV_2_6) {
+                // split batch into chunks of single images
+                auto chunks = split_batch_to_chunk(std::move(batch_f32), bitmaps[i_img].id);
+                GGML_ASSERT(chunks.size() > 0);
+
+                // add overview image
+                add_text_chunk({ctx->tok_ov_img_start});
+                output.emplace_back(std::move(chunks.front()));
+                chunks.erase(chunks.begin());
+                add_text_chunk({ctx->tok_ov_img_end});
+
+                // add slices
+                if (!chunks.empty()) {
+                    clip_add_load_image_size(ctx->ctx_clip, &img_u8_size);
+                    int n_col = clip_uhd_num_image_embeds_col(ctx->ctx_clip);
+                    int n_row = (int)chunks.size() / n_col;
+                    GGML_ASSERT(n_row * n_col == (int)chunks.size());
+                    if (ctx->tok_slices_start != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+                        add_text_chunk({ctx->tok_slices_start});
+                    }
+                    for (int y = 0; y < n_row; y++) {
+                        for (int x = 0; x < n_col; x++) {
+                            if (ctx->tok_sli_img_start != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+                                add_text_chunk({ctx->tok_sli_img_start});
+                            }
+                            output.emplace_back(std::move(chunks[y * n_col + x]));
+                            if (ctx->tok_sli_img_end != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+                                add_text_chunk({ctx->tok_sli_img_end});
+                            }
+                        }
+                        if (ctx->tok_row_end != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL && y != n_row - 1) {
+                            add_text_chunk({ctx->tok_row_end});
+                        }
+                    }
+                    if (ctx->tok_slices_end != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
+                        add_text_chunk({ctx->tok_slices_end});
+                    }
+                }
+
+            } else {
+                size_t n_tokens = 0;
+                for (const auto & entry : batch_f32.entries) {
+                    n_tokens += clip_n_output_tokens(ctx->ctx_clip, entry.get());
+                }
+
+                mtmd_image_tokens_ptr image_tokens(new mtmd_image_tokens);
+                if (ctx->use_mrope) {
+                    // for Qwen2VL, we need this information for M-RoPE decoding positions
+                    image_tokens->nx = clip_n_output_tokens_x(ctx->ctx_clip, batch_f32.entries[0].get());
+                    image_tokens->ny = clip_n_output_tokens_y(ctx->ctx_clip, batch_f32.entries[0].get());
+                    image_tokens->use_mrope_pos = true;
+                } else {
+                    // other models, we only need the total number of tokens
+                    image_tokens->nx = n_tokens;
+                    image_tokens->ny = 1;
+                }
+                image_tokens->batch_f32 = std::move(batch_f32);
+                image_tokens->id = bitmaps[i_img].id; // optional
+
+                LOG_DBG("image_tokens->nx = %d\n", image_tokens->nx);
+                LOG_DBG("image_tokens->ny = %d\n", image_tokens->ny);
+                LOG_DBG("batch_f32 size = %d\n", (int)image_tokens->batch_f32.entries.size());
+
+                mtmd_input_chunk chunk{
+                    MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_IMAGE,
+                    {},
+                    std::move(image_tokens),
+                };
+                output.emplace_back(std::move(chunk));
+            }
+
+            i_img++; // move to next image
+        }
+    }
+
+    return 0;
+}
+
+void mtmd_image_tokens_free(mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens) {
+    if (image_tokens) {
+        delete image_tokens;
+    }
+}
+
+size_t mtmd_image_tokens_get_n_tokens(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens) {
+    return image_tokens->n_tokens();
+}
+
+size_t mtmd_image_tokens_get_nx(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens) {
+    return image_tokens->nx;
+}
+
+size_t mtmd_image_tokens_get_ny(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens) {
+    return image_tokens->ny;
+}
+
+std::string mtmd_image_tokens_get_id(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens) {
+    return image_tokens->id;
+}
+
+llama_pos mtmd_image_tokens_get_n_pos(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens) {
+    if (image_tokens->use_mrope_pos) {
+        return 1; // for M-RoPE, the whole image is 1 in temporal dimension
+    }
+    return image_tokens->n_tokens();
+}
+
+int32_t mtmd_encode(mtmd_context * ctx, const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens) {
+    int n_mmproj_embd = clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx->ctx_clip);
+    ctx->image_embd_v.resize(image_tokens->n_tokens() * n_mmproj_embd);
+    bool ok = false;
+
+    // only effective for minicpmv and qwen2vl, other models will ignore load_image_size
+    {
+        clip_image_size slice_size{
+            image_tokens->batch_f32.entries[0]->nx,
+            image_tokens->batch_f32.entries[0]->ny};
+        clip_add_load_image_size(ctx->ctx_clip, &slice_size);
+    }
+
+    if (clip_is_llava(ctx->ctx_clip) || clip_is_minicpmv(ctx->ctx_clip) || clip_is_glm(ctx->ctx_clip)) {
+        // TODO @ngxson : llava does not support batched encoding ; this should be fixed inside clip_image_batch_encode()
+        const auto & entries = image_tokens->batch_f32.entries;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < entries.size(); i++) {
+            int n_tokens_per_image = clip_n_output_tokens(ctx->ctx_clip, entries[i].get());
+            ok = clip_image_encode(
+                ctx->ctx_clip,
+                ctx->n_threads,
+                entries[i].get(),
+                ctx->image_embd_v.data() + i*n_mmproj_embd*n_tokens_per_image);
+        }
+    } else {
+        ok = clip_image_batch_encode(
+            ctx->ctx_clip,
+            ctx->n_threads,
+            &image_tokens->batch_f32,
+            ctx->image_embd_v.data());
+    }
+
+    return ok ? 0 : 1;
+}
+
+float * mtmd_get_output_embd(mtmd_context * ctx) {
+    return ctx->image_embd_v.data();
+}
+
+size_t mtmd_helper_get_n_tokens(mtmd_input_chunks & chunks) {
+    size_t n_tokens = 0;
+    for (auto & chunk : chunks) {
+        if (chunk.type == MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_TEXT) {
+            n_tokens += chunk.tokens_text.size();
+        } else if (chunk.type == MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_IMAGE) {
+            n_tokens += mtmd_image_tokens_get_n_tokens(chunk.tokens_image.get());
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "chunk type not supported");
+        }
+    }
+    return n_tokens;
+}
+
+llama_pos mtmd_helper_get_n_pos(mtmd_input_chunks & chunks) {
+    llama_pos n_pos = 0;
+    for (auto & chunk : chunks) {
+        if (chunk.type == MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_TEXT) {
+            n_pos += chunk.tokens_text.size();
+        } else if (chunk.type == MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_IMAGE) {
+            n_pos += mtmd_image_tokens_get_n_pos(chunk.tokens_image.get());
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "chunk type not supported");
+        }
+    }
+    return n_pos;
+}
+
+// helper struct to make working with embd batch easier
+// note: this will be removed after llama_batch_ext refactoring
+struct decode_embd_batch {
+    int n_pos_per_embd;
+    int n_mmproj_embd;
+    std::vector<llama_pos>      pos;
+    std::vector<llama_pos>      pos_view; // used by mrope
+    std::vector<int32_t>        n_seq_id;
+    std::vector<llama_seq_id>   seq_id_0;
+    std::vector<llama_seq_id *> seq_ids;
+    std::vector<int8_t>         logits;
+    llama_batch batch;
+    decode_embd_batch(float * embd, int32_t n_tokens, int n_pos_per_embd, int n_mmproj_embd) : n_pos_per_embd(n_pos_per_embd), n_mmproj_embd(n_mmproj_embd) {
+        pos     .resize(n_tokens * n_pos_per_embd);
+        n_seq_id.resize(n_tokens);
+        seq_ids .resize(n_tokens + 1);
+        logits  .resize(n_tokens);
+        seq_id_0.resize(1);
+        seq_ids [n_tokens] = nullptr;
+        batch = {
+            /*n_tokens       =*/ n_tokens,
+            /*tokens         =*/ nullptr,
+            /*embd           =*/ embd,
+            /*pos            =*/ pos.data(),
+            /*n_seq_id       =*/ n_seq_id.data(),
+            /*seq_id         =*/ seq_ids.data(),
+            /*logits         =*/ logits.data(),
+        };
+    }
+
+    void set_position_normal(llama_pos pos_0, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+        seq_id_0[0] = seq_id;
+        for (int i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; i++) {
+            batch.pos     [i] = pos_0 + i;
+            batch.n_seq_id[i] = 1;
+            batch.seq_id  [i] = seq_id_0.data();
+            batch.logits  [i] = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    void set_position_mrope(llama_pos pos_0, int nx, int ny, llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(n_pos_per_embd == 4);
+        seq_id_0[0] = seq_id;
+        for (int y = 0; y < ny; y++) {
+            for (int x = 0; x < nx; x++) {
+                int i = y * nx + x;
+                pos[i                     ] = pos_0;
+                pos[i + batch.n_tokens    ] = pos_0 + y;
+                pos[i + batch.n_tokens * 2] = pos_0 + x;
+                pos[i + batch.n_tokens * 3] = 0; // last pos dim is unused
+            }
+        }
+        for (int i = 0; i < batch.n_tokens; i++) {
+            batch.n_seq_id[i] = 1;
+            batch.seq_id  [i] = seq_id_0.data();
+            batch.logits  [i] = false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    llama_batch get_view(int offset, int n_tokens) {
+        llama_pos * pos_ptr;
+        pos_view.clear();
+        pos_view.resize(n_tokens * n_pos_per_embd);
+        if (n_pos_per_embd > 1) {
+            // mrope
+            // for example, with layout of src: 1234...1234...1234...1234...
+            //       offset 2 will give us dst: 34...34...34...34...
+            for (int i = 0; i < n_pos_per_embd; i++) {
+                auto src = pos.begin() + i * batch.n_tokens + offset;
+                pos_view.insert(pos_view.end(), src, src + n_tokens);
+            }
+            pos_ptr = pos_view.data();
+        } else {
+            // normal
+            pos_ptr = pos.data() + offset;
+        }
+        return {
+            /*n_tokens       =*/ n_tokens,
+            /*tokens         =*/ nullptr,
+            /*embd           =*/ batch.embd     + offset * n_mmproj_embd,
+            /*pos            =*/ pos_ptr,
+            /*n_seq_id       =*/ batch.n_seq_id + offset,
+            /*seq_id         =*/ batch.seq_id   + offset,
+            /*logits         =*/ batch.logits   + offset,
+        };
+    }
+};
+
+int32_t mtmd_helper_eval(mtmd_context * ctx,
+        llama_context * lctx,
+        mtmd_input_chunks & chunks,
+        llama_pos pos0,
+        llama_seq_id seq_id,
+        int32_t n_batch) {
+    int32_t ret;
+    llama_pos n_past = pos0;
+    llama_batch text_batch = llama_batch_init(n_batch, 0, 1);
+    int n_mmproj_embd = clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx->ctx_clip);
+    int n_pos_per_embd = mtmd_decode_use_mrope(ctx) ? 4 : 1;
+
+    for (auto & chunk : chunks) {
+        bool is_last = &chunk == &chunks.back();
+        if (chunk.type == MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_TEXT) {
+            text_batch.n_tokens = chunk.tokens_text.size();
+            size_t i = 0;
+            while (i < chunk.tokens_text.size()) { // split into batches
+                for (; i < chunk.tokens_text.size() && text_batch.n_tokens < n_batch; i++) {
+                    text_batch.token   [i]    = chunk.tokens_text[i];
+                    text_batch.pos     [i]    = n_past++;
+                    text_batch.n_seq_id[i]    = 1;
+                    text_batch.seq_id  [i][0] = seq_id;
+                    text_batch.logits  [i]    = false;
+                }
+                if (is_last) {
+                    // always get logits for last input chunk
+                    text_batch.logits[text_batch.n_tokens - 1] = true;
+                }
+                ret = llama_decode(lctx, text_batch);
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    LOG_ERR("failed to decode text\n");
+                    llama_batch_free(text_batch);
+                    return ret;
+                }
+            }
+
+        } else if (chunk.type == MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_IMAGE) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(!is_last && "logits for last image chunk is not yet support");
+            GGML_ASSERT(chunk.tokens_image != nullptr);
+            int64_t t0 = ggml_time_ms();
+            if (ctx->print_timings) {
+                LOG_INF("encoding image or slice...\n");
+            }
+            ret = mtmd_encode(ctx, chunk.tokens_image.get());
+            if (ret != 0) {
+                LOG_ERR("failed to encode image\n");
+                llama_batch_free(text_batch);
+                return ret;
+            }
+            if (ctx->print_timings) {
+                LOG_INF("image/slice encoded in %" PRId64 " ms\n", ggml_time_ms() - t0);
+            }
+
+            int32_t n_tokens = mtmd_image_tokens_get_n_tokens(chunk.tokens_image.get());
+            int32_t i_batch = 0;
+            int32_t n_img_batches = GGML_PAD(n_tokens, n_batch) / n_batch;
+            float * embd = mtmd_get_output_embd(ctx);
+            decode_embd_batch batch_embd(embd, n_tokens, n_pos_per_embd, n_mmproj_embd);
+
+            const int nx = mtmd_image_tokens_get_nx(chunk.tokens_image.get());
+            const int ny = mtmd_image_tokens_get_ny(chunk.tokens_image.get());
+
+            if (mtmd_decode_use_mrope(ctx)) {
+                batch_embd.set_position_mrope(n_past, nx, ny, seq_id);
+            } else {
+                batch_embd.set_position_normal(n_past, seq_id);
+            }
+
+            if (mtmd_decode_use_non_causal(ctx)) {
+                llama_set_causal_attn(lctx, false);
+                // TODO @ngxson : need to make sure only one image is processed at a time, and n_ubatch must be enough to hold the image
+            }
+
+            while (i_batch < n_img_batches) { // split into batches
+                int pos_offset = i_batch*n_batch;
+                int n_tokens_batch = std::min(n_batch, n_tokens - pos_offset);
+                llama_batch batch_embd_view = batch_embd.get_view(pos_offset, n_tokens_batch);
+
+                LOG_INF("decoding image batch %d/%d, n_tokens_batch = %d\n", i_batch+1, n_img_batches, n_tokens_batch);
+
+                int64_t t1 = ggml_time_ms();
+                ret = llama_decode(lctx, batch_embd_view);
+                if (ret != 0) {
+                    LOG_ERR("failed to decode image\n");
+                    llama_set_causal_attn(lctx, true); // restore causal attn
+                    llama_batch_free(text_batch);
+                    return ret;
+                }
+
+                if (ctx->print_timings) {
+                    LOG_INF("image decoded (batch %d/%d) in %" PRId64 " ms\n", i_batch+1, n_img_batches, ggml_time_ms() - t1);
+                }
+
+                i_batch++;
+            }
+
+            // for mrope, one image is one single **temporal** position
+            n_past += mtmd_decode_use_mrope(ctx) ? 1 : n_tokens;
+
+            if (mtmd_decode_use_non_causal(ctx)) {
+                llama_set_causal_attn(lctx, true);
+            }
+
+        } else {
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "chunk type not supported");
+        }
+    }
+
+    llama_batch_free(text_batch);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int32_t mtmd_helper_bitmap_init_from_buf(const unsigned char * buf, size_t len, mtmd_bitmap & output) {
+    clip_image_u8_ptr img_u8(clip_image_u8_init());
+    bool ok = clip_image_load_from_bytes(buf, len, img_u8.get());
+    if (!ok) {
+        LOG_ERR("Unable to load image from buffer\n");
+        return 1;
+    }
+    unsigned char * data = clip_image_u8_get_data(img_u8.get(), &output.nx, &output.ny);
+    output.data.resize(output.nx * output.ny * 3);
+    std::memcpy(output.data.data(), data, output.nx * output.ny * 3);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+int32_t mtmd_helper_bitmap_init_from_file(const char * fname, mtmd_bitmap & output) {
+    clip_image_u8_ptr img_u8(clip_image_u8_init());
+    bool ok = clip_image_load_from_file(fname, img_u8.get());
+    if (!ok) {
+        LOG_ERR("Unable to load image %s\n", fname);
+        return 1;
+    }
+    unsigned char * data = clip_image_u8_get_data(img_u8.get(), &output.nx, &output.ny);
+    output.data.resize(output.nx * output.ny * 3);
+    std::memcpy(output.data.data(), data, output.nx * output.ny * 3);
+    return 0;
+}
+
+bool mtmd_decode_use_non_causal(mtmd_context * ctx) {
+    projector_type proj_type = clip_get_projector_type(ctx->ctx_clip);
+    if (proj_type == PROJECTOR_TYPE_GEMMA3) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool mtmd_decode_use_mrope(mtmd_context * ctx) {
+    return ctx->use_mrope;
+}
+
+void mtmd_image_tokens_deleter::operator()(mtmd_image_tokens * val) {
+    mtmd_image_tokens_free(val);
+}

examples/llava/mtmd.h

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+#ifndef MTMD_H
+#define MTMD_H
+
+#include "ggml.h"
+#include "llama.h"
+#include "clip.h"
+
+#include <vector>
+#include <cinttypes>
+#include <memory>
+
+#ifdef LLAMA_SHARED
+#    if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
+#        ifdef LLAMA_BUILD
+#            define MTMD_API __declspec(dllexport)
+#        else
+#            define MTMD_API __declspec(dllimport)
+#        endif
+#    else
+#        define MTMD_API __attribute__ ((visibility ("default")))
+#    endif
+#else
+#    define MTMD_API
+#endif
+
+#ifdef __cplusplus
+
+enum mtmd_input_chunk_type {
+    MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_TEXT,
+    MTMD_INPUT_CHUNK_TYPE_IMAGE,
+};
+
+struct mtmd_context;
+struct mtmd_image_tokens;
+
+// represents raw image data, layout is RGBRGBRGB...
+// length of data must be nx * ny * 3
+struct mtmd_bitmap {
+    uint32_t nx;
+    uint32_t ny;
+    std::vector<unsigned char> data;
+    std::string id; // optional user-defined id, for ex: can be set to image hash, useful for KV cache tracking
+};
+
+struct mtmd_image_tokens_deleter {
+    void operator()(mtmd_image_tokens * val); // forward declaration
+};
+using mtmd_image_tokens_ptr = std::unique_ptr<mtmd_image_tokens, mtmd_image_tokens_deleter>;
+
+struct mtmd_input_chunk {
+    mtmd_input_chunk_type type;
+    std::vector<llama_token> tokens_text;
+    mtmd_image_tokens_ptr tokens_image;
+};
+
+using mtmd_input_chunks = std::vector<mtmd_input_chunk>;
+
+struct mtmd_context_params {
+    bool use_gpu = true;
+    bool print_timings = true;
+    int n_threads = 4;
+    enum ggml_log_level verbosity = GGML_LOG_LEVEL_INFO;
+    const char * image_marker = "<__image__>";
+};
+
+struct mtmd_input_text {
+    std::string text;
+    bool add_special;
+    bool parse_special;
+};
+
+// initialize the mtmd context
+// return nullptr on failure
+MTMD_API mtmd_context * mtmd_init_from_file(const char * mmproj_fname,
+                                                const llama_model * text_model,
+                                                const mtmd_context_params ctx_params);
+
+MTMD_API void mtmd_free(mtmd_context * ctx);
+
+// tokenize an input text prompt and an image
+// the prompt must have the input image marker (default: "<__image__>") in it
+// the marker will be replaced with the image tokens
+// for example:
+//   "here is an image: <__image__>\ndescribe it in detail."
+//   this will gives 3 chunks:
+//   1. "here is an image: <start_of_image>"
+//   2. (image tokens)
+//   3. "<end_of_image>\ndescribe it in detail."
+// number of bitmaps must be equal to the number of image markers in the prompt
+// this function is thread-safe (shared ctx)
+// return values:
+//   0 on success
+//   1 on number of images not matching the number of markers
+//   2 on image preprocessing error
+MTMD_API int32_t mtmd_tokenize(mtmd_context * ctx,
+                                std::vector<mtmd_input_chunk> & output,
+                                const mtmd_input_text & text,
+                                const std::vector<mtmd_bitmap> & bitmaps);
+
+// access mtmd_image_tokens
+MTMD_API size_t      mtmd_image_tokens_get_n_tokens(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens);
+MTMD_API size_t      mtmd_image_tokens_get_nx(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens);
+MTMD_API size_t      mtmd_image_tokens_get_ny(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens);
+MTMD_API std::string mtmd_image_tokens_get_id(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens);
+MTMD_API llama_pos   mtmd_image_tokens_get_n_pos(const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens); // number of temporal positions (always 1 for M-RoPE, n_tokens otherwise)
+MTMD_API void        mtmd_image_tokens_free(mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens);
+
+// returns 0 on success
+MTMD_API int32_t mtmd_encode(mtmd_context * ctx,
+                            const mtmd_image_tokens * image_tokens);
+
+// get output embeddings from the last encode pass
+MTMD_API float * mtmd_get_output_embd(mtmd_context * ctx);
+
+// whether we need to set non-causal mask before llama_decode
+MTMD_API bool mtmd_decode_use_non_causal(mtmd_context * ctx);
+
+// whether the current model use M-RoPE for llama_decode
+MTMD_API bool mtmd_decode_use_mrope(mtmd_context * ctx);
+
+
+
+//
+// helper functions (can be implemented based on other functions)
+//
+
+// helper to count the total number of tokens from a list of chunks, useful to keep track of KV cache
+MTMD_API size_t mtmd_helper_get_n_tokens(mtmd_input_chunks & chunks);
+
+// helper to count the total position of tokens from a list of chunks, useful to keep track of n_past
+MTMD_API llama_pos mtmd_helper_get_n_pos(mtmd_input_chunks & chunks);
+
+// helper function that automatically:
+// 1. run llama_decode() on text chunks
+// 2. run mtmd_encode() on image chunks, then mtmd_get_output_embd() and then llama_decode()
+// if any of the mtmd_encode() or llama_decode() calls return non-zero, stop and forward the error
+// otherwise, returns 0 on success
+MTMD_API int32_t mtmd_helper_eval(mtmd_context * ctx,
+                                llama_context * lctx,
+                                mtmd_input_chunks & chunks,
+                                llama_pos pos0,
+                                llama_seq_id seq_id,
+                                int32_t n_batch);
+
+// helper function to construct a mtmd_bitmap from a file
+// returns 0 on success
+// this function is thread-safe
+MTMD_API int32_t mtmd_helper_bitmap_init_from_file(const char * fname, mtmd_bitmap & output);
+
+// helper function to construct a mtmd_bitmap from a buffer
+// the buffer must be an image in format supported by stb_image (jpg, png, bmp, gif, etc.)
+// returns 0 on success
+// this function is thread-safe
+MTMD_API int32_t mtmd_helper_bitmap_init_from_buf(const unsigned char * buf, size_t len, mtmd_bitmap & output);
+
+// convenient unique_ptr wrappers
+struct mtmd_context_deleter {
+    void operator()(mtmd_context * val) { mtmd_free(val); }
+};
+using mtmd_context_ptr = std::unique_ptr<mtmd_context, mtmd_context_deleter>;
+
+#else
+
+static_assert(false && "C header is not yet supported by this library");
+
+#endif
+
+#endif

examples/llava/qwen2_vl_surgery.py

@@ -1,14 +1,16 @@
 import argparse
-from typing import Dict
+from typing import Dict, List, Optional
 
 import torch
 import numpy as np
 from gguf import *
 from transformers import (
-    Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration,
-    Qwen2VLProcessor,
     AutoProcessor,
-    Qwen2VLConfig
+    Qwen2VLConfig,
+    Qwen2VLProcessor,
+    Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration,
+    Qwen2_5_VLConfig, # type: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+    Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration, # type: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
 )
 
 
@@ -19,61 +21,93 @@ def k(raw_key: str, arch: str) -> str:
     return raw_key.format(arch=arch)
 
 
-def to_gguf_name(name: str) -> str:
-    og = name
-    name = name.replace("text_model", "t").replace("vision_model", "v")
-    name = name.replace("blocks", "blk").replace("embeddings.", "")
-    name = name.replace("attn.", "attn_")
-    name = name.replace("mlp.fc1", "ffn_down").replace("mlp.fc2", "ffn_up").replace("proj.", "out.")
-    # name = name.replace("layrnorm", "ln").replace("layer_norm", "ln").replace("layernorm", "ln")
-    name = name.replace("norm1", "ln1").replace("norm2", "ln2")
-    name = name.replace("merger.mlp", 'mm')
-    print(f"[to_gguf_name] {og} --> {name}")
-    return name
+def get_n_wa_pattern(fullatt_block_indexes: Optional[List[int]]):
+    if fullatt_block_indexes is None:
+        return 0
+    n_wa = fullatt_block_indexes[0]
+    for a, b in zip(fullatt_block_indexes, fullatt_block_indexes[1:]):
+        if b - a - 1 != n_wa:
+            raise ValueError(
+                f"window/full attention layer should have fix pattern of "
+                f"for each full-attention layer followed by {n_wa} window-attention layers"
+            )
+    return n_wa + 1
 
 
-def find_vision_tensors(qwen2vl, dtype) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
-    vision_model = qwen2vl.visual
-    tensor_map = {}
-    for name, ten in vision_model.state_dict().items():
-        ten = ten.numpy()
-        if 'qkv' in name:
-            if ten.ndim == 2: # weight
-                c3, _ = ten.shape
-            else:             # bias
-                c3 = ten.shape[0]
-            assert c3 % 3 == 0
-            c = c3 // 3
-            wq = ten[:c]
-            wk = ten[c: c * 2]
-            wv = ten[c * 2:]
-            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "q")] = wq
-            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "k")] = wk
-            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "v")] = wv
-        elif 'merger' in name:
-            if name.endswith("ln_q.weight"):
-                tensor_map['v.post_ln.weight'] = ten
-            elif name.endswith("ln_q.bias"):
-                tensor_map['v.post_ln.bias'] = ten
+class VL2:
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_gguf_name(name: str) -> str:
+        og = name
+        name = name.replace("text_model", "t").replace("vision_model", "v")
+        name = name.replace("blocks", "blk").replace("embeddings.", "")
+        name = name.replace("attn.", "attn_")
+        name = name.replace("mlp.fc1", "ffn_down").replace("mlp.fc2", "ffn_up").replace("proj.", "out.")
+        # name = name.replace("layrnorm", "ln").replace("layer_norm", "ln").replace("layernorm", "ln")
+        name = name.replace("norm1", "ln1").replace("norm2", "ln2")
+        name = name.replace("merger.mlp", 'mm')
+        print(f"[to_gguf_name] {og} --> {name}")
+        return name
+
+    @classmethod
+    def find_vision_tensors(cls, qwen2vl, dtype) -> Dict[str, np.ndarray]:
+        vision_model = qwen2vl.visual
+        tensor_map = {}
+        for name, ten in vision_model.state_dict().items():
+            ten = ten.numpy()
+            if 'qkv' in name:
+                if ten.ndim == 2: # weight
+                    c3, _ = ten.shape
+                else:             # bias
+                    c3 = ten.shape[0]
+                assert c3 % 3 == 0
+                c = c3 // 3
+                wq = ten[:c]
+                wk = ten[c: c * 2]
+                wv = ten[c * 2:]
+                tensor_map[cls.to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "q")] = wq
+                tensor_map[cls.to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "k")] = wk
+                tensor_map[cls.to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}").replace("qkv", "v")] = wv
+            elif 'merger' in name:
+                if name.endswith("ln_q.weight"):
+                    tensor_map['v.post_ln.weight'] = ten
+                elif name.endswith("ln_q.bias"):
+                    tensor_map['v.post_ln.bias'] = ten
+                else:
+                    # "merger.mlp.%d.weight/bias" --> "mm.%d.weight/bias"
+                    tensor_map[cls.to_gguf_name(name)] = ten
+            elif 'patch_embed.proj.weight' in name:
+                # NOTE: split Conv3D into Conv2Ds
+                c1, c2, kt, kh, kw = ten.shape
+                assert kt == 2, "Current implmentation only support temporal_patch_size of 2"
+                tensor_map["v.patch_embd.weight"] = ten[:, :, 0, ...]
+                tensor_map["v.patch_embd.weight.1"] = ten[:, :, 1, ...]
             else:
-                # "merger.mlp.%d.weight/bias" --> "mm.%d.weight/bias"
-                tensor_map[to_gguf_name(name)] = ten
-        elif 'patch_embed.proj.weight' in name:
-            # NOTE: split Conv3D into Conv2Ds
-            c1, c2, kt, kh, kw = ten.shape
-            assert kt == 2, "Current implmentation only support temporal_patch_size of 2"
-            tensor_map["v.patch_embd.weight"] = ten[:, :, 0, ...]
-            tensor_map["v.patch_embd.weight.1"] = ten[:, :, 1, ...]
-        else:
-            tensor_map[to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}")] = ten
+                tensor_map[cls.to_gguf_name(f"vision_model.{name}")] = ten
 
-    for new_name, ten in tensor_map.items():
-        if ten.ndim <= 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight"):
-            tensor_map[new_name] = ten.astype(np.float32)
-        else:
-            tensor_map[new_name] = ten.astype(dtype)
-    tensor_map["v.position_embd.weight"] = np.zeros([10, 10], dtype=np.float32)  # dummy tensor, just here as a placeholder
-    return tensor_map
+        for new_name, ten in tensor_map.items():
+            if ten.ndim <= 1 or new_name.endswith("_norm.weight"):
+                tensor_map[new_name] = ten.astype(np.float32)
+            else:
+                tensor_map[new_name] = ten.astype(dtype)
+        tensor_map["v.position_embd.weight"] = np.zeros([10, 10], dtype=np.float32)  # dummy tensor, just here as a placeholder
+        return tensor_map
+
+
+class VL25(VL2):
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def to_gguf_name(name: str) -> str:
+        og = name
+        name = name.replace("text_model", "t").replace("vision_model", "v")
+        name = name.replace("blocks", "blk").replace("embeddings.", "")
+        name = name.replace("attn.", "attn_")
+        name = name.replace("mlp.down_proj", "ffn_down").replace("mlp.up_proj", "ffn_up")
+        name = name.replace("mlp.gate_proj", "ffn_gate").replace("proj.", "out.")
+        name = name.replace("norm1", "ln1").replace("norm2", "ln2")
+        name = name.replace("merger.mlp", 'mm')
+        print(f"[vl25][to_gguf_name] {og} --> {name}")
+        return name
 
 
 def main(args):
@@ -82,7 +116,7 @@ def main(args):
         np_dtype = np.float32
         ftype = 0
     elif args.data_type == 'fp16':
-        dtype = torch.float32
+        dtype = torch.float16
         np_dtype = np.float16
         ftype = 1
     else:
@@ -92,11 +126,18 @@ def main(args):
     model_path = ""
     model_name = args.model_name
     print("model_name: ", model_name)
-    qwen2vl = Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
-        model_name, torch_dtype=dtype, device_map="cpu"
-    )
-    cfg: Qwen2VLConfig = qwen2vl.config  # type: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
-    vcfg = cfg.vision_config
+    if args.model_type == "qwen2vl":
+        qwen2vl = Qwen2VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
+            model_name, torch_dtype=dtype, device_map="cpu"
+        )
+        cfg: Qwen2VLConfig = qwen2vl.config  # type: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+        vcfg = cfg.vision_config
+    else:
+        qwen2vl = Qwen2_5_VLForConditionalGeneration.from_pretrained(
+            model_name, torch_dtype=dtype, device_map="cpu"
+        )
+        cfg: Qwen2_5_VLConfig = qwen2vl.config  # type: ignore[reportAssignmentType]
+        vcfg = cfg.vision_config
 
     if os.path.isdir(model_name):
         local_model = True
@@ -113,7 +154,6 @@ def main(args):
     fout.add_bool("clip.has_text_encoder", False)
     fout.add_bool("clip.has_vision_encoder", True)
     fout.add_bool("clip.has_qwen2vl_merger", True)
-    fout.add_string("clip.projector_type", "qwen2vl_merger")
 
     print(cfg.vision_config)
     if 'silu' in cfg.vision_config.hidden_act.lower():
@@ -125,14 +165,25 @@ def main(args):
     else:
         raise ValueError()
 
-    tensor_map = find_vision_tensors(qwen2vl, np_dtype)
+    if args.model_type == "qwen2.5vl":
+        fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.n_wa_pattern", get_n_wa_pattern(vcfg.fullatt_block_indexes))
+        fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_EMBEDDING_LENGTH, VISION), vcfg.hidden_size)
+        fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.projection_dim", vcfg.out_hidden_size)
+        fout.add_string("clip.projector_type", "qwen2.5vl_merger")
+    else:
+        fout.add_string("clip.projector_type", "qwen2vl_merger")
+        fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_EMBEDDING_LENGTH, VISION), vcfg.embed_dim)
+        fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.projection_dim", vcfg.hidden_size)
+
+    if args.model_type == "qwen2.5vl":
+        tensor_map = VL25.find_vision_tensors(qwen2vl, np_dtype)
+    else:
+        tensor_map = VL2.find_vision_tensors(qwen2vl, np_dtype)
     for name, data in tensor_map.items():
         fout.add_tensor(name, data)
 
     fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.patch_size", vcfg.patch_size)
     fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.image_size", 14 * 40)  # some reasonable size that is divable by (14*2)
-    fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_EMBEDDING_LENGTH, VISION), vcfg.embed_dim)
-    fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.projection_dim", vcfg.hidden_size)
     fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_ATTENTION_HEAD_COUNT, VISION), vcfg.num_heads)
     fout.add_float32(k(KEY_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, VISION), 1e-6)
     fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_BLOCK_COUNT, VISION), vcfg.depth)
@@ -160,6 +211,7 @@ def main(args):
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
     parser.add_argument("model_name", nargs='?', default="Qwen/Qwen2-VL-2B-Instruct")
+    parser.add_argument("--model_type", nargs='?', choices=['qwen2vl', 'qwen2.5vl'], default="qwen2vl")
     parser.add_argument("--data_type", nargs='?', choices=['fp32', 'fp16'], default="fp32")
     args = parser.parse_args()
     main(args)

examples/llava/qwen2vl-test.cpp

@@ -23,7 +23,12 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <iostream>
 #include <fstream>
+#include <limits>
+#include <cassert>
+#include <cmath>
 
+// THIS FILE IS ONLY USED FOR TESTING THE QWEN2VL MODEL
+// IT IS NOT A PRODUCTION CODE
 
 static bool qwen2vl_eval_image_embed(llama_context * ctx_llama, const struct llava_image_embed * image_embed,
                                      int n_batch, int * n_past, int * st_pos_id, struct clip_image_size * image_size) {
@@ -89,20 +94,12 @@ static bool qwen2vl_eval_image_embed(llama_context * ctx_llama, const struct lla
 
 static bool eval_tokens(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, std::vector<llama_token> tokens, int n_batch, int * n_past, int * st_pos_id) {
     int N = (int) tokens.size();
-    std::vector<llama_pos> pos;
     for (int i = 0; i < N; i += n_batch) {
         int n_eval = (int) tokens.size() - i;
         if (n_eval > n_batch) {
             n_eval = n_batch;
         }
         auto batch = llama_batch_get_one(&tokens[i], n_eval);
-        // TODO: add mrope pos ids somewhere else
-        pos.resize(batch.n_tokens * 4);
-        std::fill(pos.begin(), pos.end(), 0);
-        for (int j = 0; j < batch.n_tokens * 3; j ++) {
-            pos[j] = *st_pos_id + (j % batch.n_tokens);
-        }
-        batch.pos = pos.data();
 
         if (llama_decode(ctx_llama, batch)) {
             LOG_ERR("%s : failed to eval. token %d/%d (batch size %d, n_past %d)\n", __func__, i, N, n_batch, *n_past);
@@ -330,7 +327,7 @@ static struct llava_context * llava_init_context(common_params * params, llama_m
         prompt = "describe the image in detail.";
     }
 
-    auto ctx_clip = clip_model_load(clip_path, /*verbosity=*/ 1);
+    auto ctx_clip = clip_model_load(clip_path, GGML_LOG_LEVEL_INFO);
 
     llama_context_params ctx_params = common_context_params_to_llama(*params);
     ctx_params.n_ctx           = params->n_ctx < 2048 ? 2048 : params->n_ctx; // we need a longer context size to process image embeddings
@@ -367,14 +364,14 @@ static void debug_test_mrope_2d() {
     // 1. Initialize backend
     ggml_backend_t backend = NULL;
     std::string backend_name = "";
-#ifdef GGML_USE_CUDA
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: using CUDA backend\n", __func__);
-    backend = ggml_backend_cuda_init(0); // init device 0
-    backend_name = "cuda";
-    if (!backend) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: ggml_backend_cuda_init() failed\n", __func__);
-    }
-#endif
+// #ifdef GGML_USE_CUDA
+//     fprintf(stderr, "%s: using CUDA backend\n", __func__);
+//     backend = ggml_backend_cuda_init(0); // init device 0
+//     backend_name = "cuda";
+//     if (!backend) {
+//         fprintf(stderr, "%s: ggml_backend_cuda_init() failed\n", __func__);
+//     }
+// #endif
     // if there aren't GPU Backends fallback to CPU backend
     if (!backend) {
         backend = ggml_backend_cpu_init();
@@ -483,28 +480,82 @@ static void debug_test_mrope_2d() {
     ggml_backend_free(backend);
 }
 
-static void debug_dump_img_embed(struct llava_context * ctx_llava) {
-    int n_embd  = llama_model_n_embd(llama_get_model(ctx_llava->ctx_llama));
-    int ne = n_embd * 4;
-    float vals[56 * 56 * 3];
+enum model_output_type {
+    conv3d,
+    patch_embed,
+    patch_win_attn_scatter,
+    first_attn_layer,
+    last_attn_layer,
+    attn_softmax,
+    final_layer,
+};
+
+static void debug_dump_img_embed(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, model_output_type output_type) {
+    constexpr int ih = 140;
+    constexpr int iw = 196;
+    // constexpr int ih = 56;
+    // constexpr int iw = 56;
+    // int n_embd  = llama_model_n_embd(llama_get_model(ctx_llava->ctx_llama));
+    int n_embd  = 1280;
+    int merge = 1;
+    if (output_type == model_output_type::final_layer) {
+        n_embd  = 2048;
+        merge = 2;
+    }
+    else if (output_type == model_output_type::attn_softmax) {
+        merge = 1;
+        n_embd = (ih/14/merge) * (iw/14/merge) * 16;
+    }
+
+    int ne = (ih/14/merge) * (iw/14/merge) * n_embd;
+    float vals[iw * ih * 3];
     // float embd[ne];
     std::vector<float> embd;
     embd.resize(ne);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < 56*56; i++)
+    for (int i = 0; i < iw*ih; i++)
     {
         for (int c = 0; c < 3; c++)
-            vals[i * 3 + c] = (float)(i % (56 * 56)) / (56*56);
+            vals[i * 3 + c] = (float)i / (iw*ih);
     }
 
-    clip_encode_float_image(ctx_llava->ctx_clip, 16, vals, 56, 56, embd.data());
+    clip_encode_float_image(ctx_llava->ctx_clip, 8, vals, ih, iw, embd.data());
 
-    std::ofstream outFile("img_embed.bin", std::ios::binary);
+    std::string file_postfix = "";
+    switch (output_type)
+    {
+    case model_output_type::conv3d:
+        file_postfix = "conv3d";
+        break;
+    case model_output_type::patch_embed:
+        file_postfix = "patch_embed";
+        break;
+    case model_output_type::patch_win_attn_scatter:
+        file_postfix = "scatter";
+        break;
+    case model_output_type::first_attn_layer:
+        file_postfix = "first_attn";
+        break;
+    case model_output_type::last_attn_layer:
+        file_postfix = "last_attn";
+        break;
+    case model_output_type::attn_softmax:
+        file_postfix = "attn_softmax";
+        break;
+    case model_output_type::final_layer:
+        file_postfix = "final";
+        break;
+    default:
+        break;
+    }
+    auto output_path = "img_embed_" + file_postfix + ".bin";
+
+    std::ofstream outFile(output_path, std::ios::binary);
     if (outFile.is_open()) {
         outFile.write(reinterpret_cast<const char*>(embd.data()), ne * sizeof(float));
 
         outFile.close();
-        std::cout << "Data successfully written to mrope.bin" << std::endl;
+        std::cout << "Data successfully written to ::[ " << output_path << std::endl;
     } else {
         std::cerr << "Error opening file!" << std::endl;
     }
@@ -551,8 +602,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     } else if (params.image[0].empty()) {
         auto ctx_llava = llava_init_context(&params, model);
 
-        debug_test_mrope_2d();
-        debug_dump_img_embed(ctx_llava);
+        // debug_test_mrope_2d();
+        debug_dump_img_embed(ctx_llava, model_output_type::final_layer);
+        // debug_dump_img_embed(ctx_llava, model_output_type::last_attn_layer);
 
         llama_perf_context_print(ctx_llava->ctx_llama);
         ctx_llava->model = NULL;

examples/llava/tests.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# make sure we are in the right directory
+SCRIPT_DIR=$( cd -- "$( dirname -- "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}" )" &> /dev/null && pwd )
+cd $SCRIPT_DIR
+
+#export LLAMA_CACHE="$SCRIPT_DIR/tmp"
+
+set -eux
+
+mkdir -p $SCRIPT_DIR/output
+
+PROJ_ROOT="$SCRIPT_DIR/../.."
+cd $PROJ_ROOT
+
+# Check if the first argument is "big", then run test with big models
+# This is useful if we're running the script on a larger machine, so we can test the big models
+RUN_BIG_TESTS=false
+if [ "${1:-}" = "big" ]; then
+    RUN_BIG_TESTS=true
+    echo "Include BIG models..."
+fi
+
+###############
+
+arr_bin=()
+arr_hf=()
+arr_tmpl=() # chat template
+
+add_test() {
+    local bin=$1
+    local hf=$2
+    local tmpl=${3:-""} # default to empty string if not provided
+    arr_bin+=("$bin")
+    arr_hf+=("$hf")
+    arr_tmpl+=("$tmpl")
+}
+
+add_test_big() {
+    if [ "$RUN_BIG_TESTS" = true ]; then
+        add_test "$@"
+    fi
+}
+
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/SmolVLM-500M-Instruct-GGUF:Q8_0"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/SmolVLM2-2.2B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/SmolVLM2-500M-Video-Instruct-GGUF:Q8_0"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/gemma-3-4b-it-GGUF:Q4_K_M"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "guinmoon/MobileVLM-3B-GGUF:Q4_K_M"               "deepseek"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "THUDM/glm-edge-v-5b-gguf:Q4_K_M"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "second-state/Llava-v1.5-7B-GGUF:Q2_K"            "vicuna"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "cjpais/llava-1.6-mistral-7b-gguf:Q3_K"           "vicuna"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ibm-research/granite-vision-3.2-2b-GGUF:Q4_K_M"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "second-state/MiniCPM-Llama3-V-2_5-GGUF:Q2_K"  # model from openbmb is corrupted
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "openbmb/MiniCPM-V-2_6-gguf:Q2_K"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "openbmb/MiniCPM-o-2_6-gguf:Q4_0"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "bartowski/Qwen2-VL-2B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M"
+add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-VL-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M"
+
+# to test the big models, run: ./tests.sh big
+add_test_big "llama-mtmd-cli" "ggml-org/pixtral-12b-GGUF:Q4_K_M"
+
+# these models always give the wrong answer, not sure why
+# add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/SmolVLM-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M"
+# add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/SmolVLM-256M-Instruct-GGUF:Q8_0"
+# add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "ggml-org/SmolVLM2-256M-Video-Instruct-GGUF:Q8_0"
+
+# this model has broken chat template, not usable
+# add_test "llama-mtmd-cli"  "cmp-nct/Yi-VL-6B-GGUF:Q5_K"
+
+###############
+
+cmake --build build -j --target "${arr_bin[@]}"
+
+arr_res=()
+
+for i in "${!arr_bin[@]}"; do
+    bin="${arr_bin[$i]}"
+    hf="${arr_hf[$i]}"
+    tmpl="${arr_tmpl[$i]}"
+
+    echo "Running test with binary: $bin and HF model: $hf"
+    echo ""
+    echo ""
+
+    output=$(\
+        "$PROJ_ROOT/build/bin/$bin" \
+        -hf "$hf" \
+        --image $SCRIPT_DIR/test-1.jpeg \
+        -p "what is the publisher name of the newspaper?" \
+        --temp 0 -n 128 \
+        ${tmpl:+--chat-template "$tmpl"} \
+        2>&1 | tee /dev/tty)
+
+    echo "$output" > $SCRIPT_DIR/output/$bin-$(echo "$hf" | tr '/' '-').log
+
+    if echo "$output" | grep -iq "new york"; then
+        result="\033[32mOK\033[0m:   $bin $hf"
+    else
+        result="\033[31mFAIL\033[0m: $bin $hf"
+    fi
+    echo -e "$result"
+    arr_res+=("$result")
+
+    echo ""
+    echo ""
+    echo ""
+    echo "#################################################"
+    echo "#################################################"
+    echo ""
+    echo ""
+done
+
+set +x
+
+for i in "${!arr_res[@]}"; do
+    echo -e "${arr_res[$i]}"
+done
+echo ""
+echo "Output logs are saved in $SCRIPT_DIR/output"

examples/main/main.cpp

@@ -865,9 +865,22 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 console::set_display(console::reset);
                 display = true;
 
-                // Add tokens to embd only if the input buffer is non-empty
-                // Entering a empty line lets the user pass control back
-                if (buffer.length() > 1) {
+                if (buffer.empty()) { // Ctrl+D on empty line exits
+                    LOG("EOF by user\n");
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                if (buffer.back() == '\n') {
+                    // Implement #587:
+                    // If the user wants the text to end in a newline,
+                    // this should be accomplished by explicitly adding a newline by using \ followed by return,
+                    // then returning control by pressing return again.
+                    buffer.pop_back();
+                }
+
+                if (buffer.empty()) { // Enter key on empty line lets the user pass control back
+                    LOG_DBG("empty line, passing control back\n");
+                } else { // Add tokens to embd only if the input buffer is non-empty
                     // append input suffix if any
                     if (!params.input_suffix.empty() && !params.conversation_mode) {
                         LOG_DBG("appending input suffix: '%s'\n", params.input_suffix.c_str());
@@ -915,8 +928,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
                     n_remain -= line_inp.size();
                     LOG_DBG("n_remain: %d\n", n_remain);
-                } else {
-                    LOG_DBG("empty line, passing control back\n");
                 }
 
                 input_echo = false; // do not echo this again

examples/parallel/parallel.cpp

@@ -106,6 +106,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     common_params params;
 
+    params.n_predict = 128;
+
     if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PARALLEL)) {
         return 1;
     }

examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp

@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ static void hellaswag_score(llama_context * ctx, const common_params & params) {
 
     LOG_INF("%s : calculating hellaswag score over selected tasks.\n", __func__);
 
-    LOG("\ntask\tacc_norm\n");
+    LOG("\ntask\tacc_norm\t95%% confidence interval\n");
 
     double acc = 0.0f;
 
@@ -985,8 +985,22 @@ static void hellaswag_score(llama_context * ctx, const common_params & params) {
                 acc += 1.0;
             }
 
-            // Print the accumulated accuracy mean x 100
-            LOG("%zu\t%.8lf\n", i + 1, acc/double(i + 1)*100.0);
+            double freq = acc / double(i + 1);
+
+            const double za = 1.95996398454;
+
+            // // Wald normal approx
+            // double conf =za*sqrt(freq*(1-freq)/double(i + 1));
+            // LOG("%zu\t%.8lf +/- %.8lf\n", i + 1, freq*100.0, conf*100.0);
+
+            // Wilson score interval, more accurate
+            double z   = za * za / double(i + 1);
+            double cnf = z * sqrt(double(i + 1) * (4.0 * freq * (1 - freq) + z)) / (za + za);
+            double a   = (freq + z * 0.5 - cnf) / (1.0 + z);
+            double b   = (freq + z * 0.5 + cnf) / (1.0 + z);
+
+            // Print the accumulated accuracy mean x 100 and confidence interval
+            LOG("%zu\t%3.8lf%%\t[%3.4lf%%, %3.4lf%%]\n", i + 1, freq * 100.0, a * 100.0, b * 100.0);
         }
 
         i0 = i1 - 1;

examples/quantize-stats/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-set(TARGET llama-quantize-stats)
-add_executable(${TARGET} quantize-stats.cpp)
-install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE llama build_info ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-target_include_directories(${TARGET} PRIVATE ../../common)
-target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)

examples/quantize/quantize.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 #include <fstream>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cctype>
+#include <algorithm>
 
 struct quant_option {
     std::string name;
@@ -16,7 +17,7 @@ struct quant_option {
     std::string desc;
 };
 
-static const std::vector<struct quant_option> QUANT_OPTIONS = {
+static const std::vector<quant_option> QUANT_OPTIONS = {
     { "Q4_0",     LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_0,     " 4.34G, +0.4685 ppl @ Llama-3-8B",  },
     { "Q4_1",     LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q4_1,     " 4.78G, +0.4511 ppl @ Llama-3-8B",  },
     { "Q5_0",     LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_0,     " 5.21G, +0.1316 ppl @ Llama-3-8B",  },
@@ -105,7 +106,8 @@ static bool try_parse_ftype(const std::string & ftype_str_in, llama_ftype & ftyp
 //
 [[noreturn]]
 static void usage(const char * executable) {
-    printf("usage: %s [--help] [--allow-requantize] [--leave-output-tensor] [--pure] [--imatrix] [--include-weights] [--exclude-weights] [--output-tensor-type] [--token-embedding-type] [--override-kv] model-f32.gguf [model-quant.gguf] type [nthreads]\n\n", executable);
+    printf("usage: %s [--help] [--allow-requantize] [--leave-output-tensor] [--pure] [--imatrix] [--include-weights] [--exclude-weights] [--output-tensor-type]\n", executable);
+    printf("       [--token-embedding-type] [--tensor-type] [--keep-split] [--override-kv] model-f32.gguf [model-quant.gguf] type [nthreads]\n\n");
     printf("  --allow-requantize: Allows requantizing tensors that have already been quantized. Warning: This can severely reduce quality compared to quantizing from 16bit or 32bit\n");
     printf("  --leave-output-tensor: Will leave output.weight un(re)quantized. Increases model size but may also increase quality, especially when requantizing\n");
     printf("  --pure: Disable k-quant mixtures and quantize all tensors to the same type\n");
@@ -114,6 +116,8 @@ static void usage(const char * executable) {
     printf("  --exclude-weights tensor_name: use importance matrix for this/these tensor(s)\n");
     printf("  --output-tensor-type ggml_type: use this ggml_type for the output.weight tensor\n");
     printf("  --token-embedding-type ggml_type: use this ggml_type for the token embeddings tensor\n");
+    printf("  --tensor-type TENSOR=TYPE: quantize this tensor to this ggml_type. example: --tensor-type attn_q=q8_0\n");
+    printf("      Advanced option to selectively quantize tensors. May be specified multiple times.\n");
     printf("  --keep-split: will generate quantized model in the same shards as input\n");
     printf("  --override-kv KEY=TYPE:VALUE\n");
     printf("      Advanced option to override model metadata by key in the quantized model. May be specified multiple times.\n");
@@ -244,6 +248,107 @@ static ggml_type parse_ggml_type(const char * arg) {
     return GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
 }
 
+// Allowed tensors for arbitrary quantization with --tensor-type option
+static const std::vector<std::string> ALLOWED_TENSOR_TYPE = {
+    "attn_k",
+    "attn_kv_a_mqa",
+    "attn_kv_b",
+    "attn_o",
+    "attn_output",
+    "attn_q",
+    "attn_q_a",
+    "attn_q_b",
+    "attn_qkv",
+    "attn_v",
+    "channel_mix_key",
+    "channel_mix_receptance",
+    "channel_mix_value",
+    "cls",
+    "cls.output",
+    "cross_attn_k",
+    "cross_attn_o",
+    "cross_attn_q",
+    "cross_attn_v",
+    "ffn_act",
+    "ffn_down",
+    "ffn_down_exps",
+    "ffn_down_shexp",
+    "ffn_gate",
+    "ffn_gate_exps",
+    "ffn_gate_shexp",
+    "ffn_up",
+    "ffn_up_exps",
+    "ffn_up_shexp",
+    "ssm_in",
+    "ssm_out",
+    "time_mix_gate",
+    "time_mix_key",
+    "time_mix_output",
+    "time_mix_receptance",
+    "time_mix_value",
+};
+
+// changes to this struct must be replicated in llama-quant.cpp
+struct tensor_quantization {
+    std::string name;
+    ggml_type quant = GGML_TYPE_COUNT;
+};
+
+static bool parse_tensor_type(const char * data, std::vector<tensor_quantization> & tensor_type) {
+    const char * sep = strchr(data, '=');
+    if (sep == nullptr) {
+        printf("\n%s: malformed tensor type '%s'\n\n", __func__, data);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    const size_t tn_len = sep - data;
+    if (tn_len == 0) {
+        printf("\n%s: missing tensor name\n\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (const size_t qt_len = strlen(sep); qt_len == 1) {
+        printf("\n%s: missing quantization type\n\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    std::string tn(data, tn_len);
+    std::transform(tn.begin(), tn.end(), tn.begin(), tolower);
+    sep++;
+    const std::string qt(sep);
+
+    bool found = false;
+    for (const auto & allowed : ALLOWED_TENSOR_TYPE) {
+        std::string tensor;
+        tensor = tn.rfind('.') != std::string::npos ? tn.substr(tn.rfind('.') + 1) : tn;
+        // handle special case of cls.output
+        std::string cls_output = "cls.output";
+        if (tn.find(cls_output) != std::string::npos) {
+            tensor = "cls.output";
+        }
+        // check if an allowed tensor exists and it's at the end of the kv string
+        if (tensor == allowed) {
+            found = true;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+    if (!found) {
+        printf("\n%s: invalid tensor name '%s'\n\n", __func__, tn.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (parse_ggml_type(qt.c_str()) == GGML_TYPE_COUNT) {
+        printf("\n%s: invalid quantization type '%s'\n\n", __func__, qt.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    tensor_quantization tqz;
+    tqz.name = tn;
+    tqz.quant = parse_ggml_type(qt.c_str());
+    tensor_type.emplace_back(std::move(tqz));
+    return true;
+}
+
 int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     if (argc < 3) {
         usage(argv[0]);
@@ -255,6 +360,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     std::string imatrix_file;
     std::vector<std::string> included_weights, excluded_weights;
     std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> kv_overrides;
+    std::vector<tensor_quantization> tensor_types;
 
     for (; arg_idx < argc && strncmp(argv[arg_idx], "--", 2) == 0; arg_idx++) {
         if (strcmp(argv[arg_idx], "--leave-output-tensor") == 0) {
@@ -277,6 +383,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             } else {
                 usage(argv[0]);
             }
+        } else if (strcmp(argv[arg_idx], "--tensor-type") == 0) {
+            if (arg_idx == argc-1 || !parse_tensor_type(argv[++arg_idx], tensor_types)) {
+                usage(argv[0]);
+            }
         } else if (strcmp(argv[arg_idx], "--override-kv") == 0) {
             if (arg_idx == argc-1 || !string_parse_kv_override(argv[++arg_idx], kv_overrides)) {
                 usage(argv[0]);
@@ -361,6 +471,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         kv_overrides.back().key[0] = 0;
         params.kv_overrides = &kv_overrides;
     }
+    if (!tensor_types.empty()) {
+        params.tensor_types = &tensor_types;
+    }
 
     llama_backend_init();
 

examples/rpc/rpc-server.cpp

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@
 
 #include "ggml-rpc.h"
 #ifdef _WIN32
+#  define NOMINMAX
 #  define DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR '\\'
 #  include <locale>
 #  include <windows.h>
@@ -37,6 +38,8 @@
 #include <stdio.h>
 #include <vector>
 #include <filesystem>
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <thread>
 
 namespace fs = std::filesystem;
 
@@ -126,7 +129,7 @@ static std::string fs_get_cache_directory() {
     if (getenv("LLAMA_CACHE")) {
         cache_directory = std::getenv("LLAMA_CACHE");
     } else {
-#ifdef __linux__
+#if defined(__linux__) || defined(__FreeBSD__) || defined(_AIX)
         if (std::getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME")) {
             cache_directory = std::getenv("XDG_CACHE_HOME");
         } else {
@@ -136,7 +139,9 @@ static std::string fs_get_cache_directory() {
         cache_directory = std::getenv("HOME") + std::string("/Library/Caches/");
 #elif defined(_WIN32)
         cache_directory = std::getenv("LOCALAPPDATA");
-#endif // __linux__
+#else
+#  error Unknown architecture
+#endif
         cache_directory = ensure_trailing_slash(cache_directory);
         cache_directory += "llama.cpp";
     }
@@ -148,12 +153,14 @@ struct rpc_server_params {
     int         port        = 50052;
     size_t      backend_mem = 0;
     bool        use_cache   = false;
+    int         n_threads   = std::max(1U, std::thread::hardware_concurrency()/2);
 };
 
 static void print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, rpc_server_params params) {
     fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s [options]\n\n", argv[0]);
     fprintf(stderr, "options:\n");
     fprintf(stderr, "  -h, --help                show this help message and exit\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  -t,      --threads        number of threads for the CPU backend (default: %d)\n", params.n_threads);
     fprintf(stderr, "  -H HOST, --host HOST      host to bind to (default: %s)\n", params.host.c_str());
     fprintf(stderr, "  -p PORT, --port PORT      port to bind to (default: %d)\n", params.port);
     fprintf(stderr, "  -m MEM,  --mem MEM        backend memory size (in MB)\n");
@@ -170,6 +177,15 @@ static bool rpc_server_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, rpc_server_params &
                 return false;
             }
             params.host = argv[i];
+        } else if (arg == "-t" || arg == "--threads") {
+            if (++i >= argc) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            params.n_threads = std::stoi(argv[i]);
+            if (params.n_threads <= 0) {
+                fprintf(stderr, "error: invalid number of threads: %d\n", params.n_threads);
+                return false;
+            }
         } else if (arg == "-p" || arg == "--port") {
             if (++i >= argc) {
                 return false;
@@ -197,7 +213,7 @@ static bool rpc_server_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, rpc_server_params &
     return true;
 }
 
-static ggml_backend_t create_backend() {
+static ggml_backend_t create_backend(const rpc_server_params & params) {
     ggml_backend_t backend = NULL;
 #ifdef GGML_USE_CUDA
     fprintf(stderr, "%s: using CUDA backend\n", __func__);
@@ -229,6 +245,7 @@ static ggml_backend_t create_backend() {
     if (!backend) {
         fprintf(stderr, "%s: using CPU backend\n", __func__);
         backend = ggml_backend_cpu_init();
+        ggml_backend_cpu_set_n_threads(backend, params.n_threads);
     }
     return backend;
 }
@@ -273,7 +290,7 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
         fprintf(stderr, "\n");
     }
 
-    ggml_backend_t backend = create_backend();
+    ggml_backend_t backend = create_backend(params);
     if (!backend) {
         fprintf(stderr, "Failed to create backend\n");
         return 1;
@@ -295,7 +312,10 @@ int main(int argc, char * argv[]) {
         }
         cache_dir = cache_dir_str.c_str();
     }
-    printf("Starting RPC server\n");
+    printf("Starting RPC server v%d.%d.%d\n",
+           RPC_PROTO_MAJOR_VERSION,
+           RPC_PROTO_MINOR_VERSION,
+           RPC_PROTO_PATCH_VERSION);
     printf("  endpoint       : %s\n", endpoint.c_str());
     printf("  local cache    : %s\n", cache_dir ? cache_dir : "n/a");
     printf("  backend memory : %zu MB\n", free_mem / (1024 * 1024));

examples/run/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,16 @@
 set(TARGET llama-run)
 add_executable(${TARGET} run.cpp linenoise.cpp/linenoise.cpp)
+
+# TODO: avoid copying this code block from common/CMakeLists.txt
+set(LLAMA_RUN_EXTRA_LIBS "")
+if (LLAMA_CURL)
+    find_package(CURL REQUIRED)
+    target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC LLAMA_USE_CURL)
+    include_directories(${CURL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
+    find_library(CURL_LIBRARY curl REQUIRED)
+    set(LLAMA_RUN_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_RUN_EXTRA_LIBS} ${CURL_LIBRARY})
+endif ()
+
 install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
+target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT} ${LLAMA_RUN_EXTRA_LIBS})
 target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)

examples/run/run.cpp

@@ -697,8 +697,10 @@ class LlamaData {
         std::vector<std::string> headers = { "User-Agent: llama-cpp", "Accept: application/json" };
         std::string              url;
 
+        std::string model_endpoint = get_model_endpoint();
+
         if (pos == std::string::npos) {
-            auto [model_name, manifest_url] = extract_model_and_tag(model, "https://huggingface.co/v2/");
+            auto [model_name, manifest_url] = extract_model_and_tag(model, model_endpoint + "v2/");
             hfr                             = model_name;
 
             nlohmann::json manifest;
@@ -713,7 +715,7 @@ class LlamaData {
             hff = model.substr(pos + 1);
         }
 
-        url = "https://huggingface.co/" + hfr + "/resolve/main/" + hff;
+        url = model_endpoint + hfr + "/resolve/main/" + hff;
 
         return download(url, bn, true, headers);
     }

examples/server/public_legacy/json-schema-to-grammar.mjs

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 const SPACE_RULE = '| " " | "\\n"{1,2} [ \\t]{0,20}';
 
 function _buildRepetition(itemRule, minItems, maxItems, opts={}) {
+  if (maxItems == 0) {
+    return '';
+  }
   if (minItems === 0 && maxItems === 1) {
     return `${itemRule}?`;
   }

examples/server/server.cpp

@@ -1552,29 +1552,30 @@ struct server_queue {
     std::condition_variable condition_tasks;
 
     // callback functions
-    std::function<void(server_task)> callback_new_task;
-    std::function<void(void)>        callback_update_slots;
+    std::function<void(server_task &&)> callback_new_task;
+    std::function<void(void)>           callback_update_slots;
 
     // Add a new task to the end of the queue
-    int post(server_task task, bool front = false) {
+    int post(server_task && task, bool front = false) {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
         GGML_ASSERT(task.id != -1);
         // if this is cancel task make sure to clean up pending tasks
         if (task.type == SERVER_TASK_TYPE_CANCEL) {
             cleanup_pending_task(task.id_target);
         }
-        QUE_DBG("new task, id = %d, front = %d\n", task.id, front);
+        const int task_id = task.id;
+        QUE_DBG("new task, id = %d, front = %d\n", task_id, front);
         if (front) {
             queue_tasks.push_front(std::move(task));
         } else {
             queue_tasks.push_back(std::move(task));
         }
         condition_tasks.notify_one();
-        return task.id;
+        return task_id;
     }
 
     // multi-task version of post()
-    int post(std::vector<server_task> & tasks, bool front = false) {
+    int post(std::vector<server_task> && tasks, bool front = false) {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
         for (auto & task : tasks) {
             if (task.id == -1) {
@@ -1596,7 +1597,7 @@ struct server_queue {
     }
 
     // Add a new task, but defer until one slot is available
-    void defer(server_task task) {
+    void defer(server_task && task) {
         std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
         QUE_DBG("defer task, id = %d\n", task.id);
         queue_tasks_deferred.push_back(std::move(task));
@@ -1611,7 +1612,7 @@ struct server_queue {
     }
 
     // Register function to process a new task
-    void on_new_task(std::function<void(server_task)> callback) {
+    void on_new_task(std::function<void(server_task &&)> callback) {
         callback_new_task = std::move(callback);
     }
 
@@ -1660,7 +1661,7 @@ struct server_queue {
                     lock.unlock();
                     break;
                 }
-                server_task task = queue_tasks.front();
+                server_task task = std::move(queue_tasks.front());
                 queue_tasks.pop_front();
                 lock.unlock();
 
@@ -1705,6 +1706,8 @@ private:
 };
 
 struct server_response {
+    bool running = true;
+
     // for keeping track of all tasks waiting for the result
     std::unordered_set<int> waiting_task_ids;
 
@@ -1759,6 +1762,10 @@ struct server_response {
         while (true) {
             std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_results);
             condition_results.wait(lock, [&]{
+                if (!running) {
+                    SRV_DBG("%s : queue result stop\n", __func__);
+                    std::terminate(); // we cannot return here since the caller is HTTP code
+                }
                 return !queue_results.empty();
             });
 
@@ -1789,6 +1796,10 @@ struct server_response {
             }
 
             std::cv_status cr_res = condition_results.wait_for(lock, std::chrono::seconds(timeout));
+            if (!running) {
+                SRV_DBG("%s : queue result stop\n", __func__);
+                std::terminate(); // we cannot return here since the caller is HTTP code
+            }
             if (cr_res == std::cv_status::timeout) {
                 return nullptr;
             }
@@ -1818,6 +1829,12 @@ struct server_response {
             }
         }
     }
+
+    // terminate the waiting loop
+    void terminate() {
+        running = false;
+        condition_results.notify_all();
+    }
 };
 
 struct server_context {
@@ -1988,7 +2005,7 @@ struct server_context {
 
             slot.reset();
 
-            slots.push_back(slot);
+            slots.push_back(std::move(slot));
         }
 
         default_generation_settings_for_props = slots[0].to_json();
@@ -2089,7 +2106,7 @@ struct server_context {
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool launch_slot_with_task(server_slot & slot, const server_task & task) {
+    bool launch_slot_with_task(server_slot & slot, server_task && task) {
         slot.reset();
         slot.id_task       = task.id;
         slot.index         = task.index;
@@ -2097,10 +2114,10 @@ struct server_context {
         slot.params        = std::move(task.params);
         slot.prompt_tokens = std::move(task.prompt_tokens);
 
-        if (!are_lora_equal(task.params.lora, slot.lora)) {
+        if (!are_lora_equal(slot.params.lora, slot.lora)) {
             // if lora is changed, we cannot reuse cached tokens
             slot.cache_tokens.clear();
-            slot.lora = task.params.lora;
+            slot.lora = slot.params.lora;
         }
 
         bool can_detokenize = can_be_detokenized(ctx, slot.prompt_tokens);
@@ -2531,10 +2548,10 @@ struct server_context {
             server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_CANCEL);
             task.id_target = id_task;
             queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(id_task);
-            cancel_tasks.push_back(task);
+            cancel_tasks.push_back(std::move(task));
         }
         // push to beginning of the queue, so it has highest priority
-        queue_tasks.post(cancel_tasks, true);
+        queue_tasks.post(std::move(cancel_tasks), true);
     }
 
     // receive the results from task(s)
@@ -2621,7 +2638,7 @@ struct server_context {
     // Functions to process the task
     //
 
-    void process_single_task(server_task task) {
+    void process_single_task(server_task && task) {
         switch (task.type) {
             case SERVER_TASK_TYPE_COMPLETION:
             case SERVER_TASK_TYPE_INFILL:
@@ -2635,17 +2652,17 @@ struct server_context {
                     if (slot == nullptr) {
                         // if no slot is available, we defer this task for processing later
                         SRV_DBG("no slot is available, defer task, id_task = %d\n", task.id);
-                        queue_tasks.defer(task);
+                        queue_tasks.defer(std::move(task));
                         break;
                     }
                     if (slot->is_processing()) {
                         // if requested slot is unavailable, we defer this task for processing later
                         SRV_DBG("requested slot is unavailable, defer task, id_task = %d\n", task.id);
-                        queue_tasks.defer(task);
+                        queue_tasks.defer(std::move(task));
                         break;
                     }
 
-                    if (!launch_slot_with_task(*slot, task)) {
+                    if (!launch_slot_with_task(*slot, std::move(task))) {
                         SRV_ERR("failed to launch slot with task, id_task = %d\n", task.id);
                         break;
                     }
@@ -2724,7 +2741,7 @@ struct server_context {
                     if (slot->is_processing()) {
                         // if requested slot is unavailable, we defer this task for processing later
                         SRV_DBG("requested slot is unavailable, defer task, id_task = %d\n", task.id);
-                        queue_tasks.defer(task);
+                        queue_tasks.defer(std::move(task));
                         break;
                     }
 
@@ -2760,7 +2777,7 @@ struct server_context {
                     if (slot->is_processing()) {
                         // if requested slot is unavailable, we defer this task for processing later
                         SRV_DBG("requested slot is unavailable, defer task, id_task = %d\n", task.id);
-                        queue_tasks.defer(task);
+                        queue_tasks.defer(std::move(task));
                         break;
                     }
 
@@ -2803,7 +2820,7 @@ struct server_context {
                     if (slot->is_processing()) {
                         // if requested slot is unavailable, we defer this task for processing later
                         SRV_DBG("requested slot is unavailable, defer task, id_task = %d\n", task.id);
-                        queue_tasks.defer(task);
+                        queue_tasks.defer(std::move(task));
                         break;
                     }
 
@@ -2855,7 +2872,7 @@ struct server_context {
 
             server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_NEXT_RESPONSE);
             task.id = queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-            queue_tasks.post(task);
+            queue_tasks.post(std::move(task));
         }
 
         // apply context-shift if needed
@@ -3617,14 +3634,17 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         }
 
         // request slots data using task queue
-        server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_METRICS);
-        task.id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-        ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(task, true); // high-priority task
+        int task_id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+        {
+            server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_METRICS);
+            task.id = task_id;
+            ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(task), true); // high-priority task
+        }
 
         // get the result
-        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task.id);
+        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task_id);
+        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);
 
         if (result->is_error()) {
             res_error(res, result->to_json());
@@ -3653,16 +3673,17 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         }
 
         // request slots data using task queue
-        server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_METRICS);
-        task.id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-        task.metrics_reset_bucket = true;
-
-        ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(task, true); // high-priority task
+        int task_id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+        {
+            server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_METRICS);
+            task.id = task_id;
+            ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(task), true); // high-priority task
+        }
 
         // get the result
-        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task.id);
+        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task_id);
+        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);
 
         if (result->is_error()) {
             res_error(res, result->to_json());
@@ -3759,17 +3780,20 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         }
         std::string filepath = params.slot_save_path + filename;
 
-        server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SLOT_SAVE);
-        task.id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-        task.slot_action.slot_id  = id_slot;
-        task.slot_action.filename = filename;
-        task.slot_action.filepath = filepath;
+        int task_id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+        {
+            server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SLOT_SAVE);
+            task.id = task_id;
+            task.slot_action.slot_id  = id_slot;
+            task.slot_action.filename = filename;
+            task.slot_action.filepath = filepath;
 
-        ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(task);
+            ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(task));
+        }
 
-        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task.id);
+        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task_id);
+        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);
 
         if (result->is_error()) {
             res_error(res, result->to_json());
@@ -3788,17 +3812,20 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         }
         std::string filepath = params.slot_save_path + filename;
 
-        server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SLOT_RESTORE);
-        task.id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-        task.slot_action.slot_id  = id_slot;
-        task.slot_action.filename = filename;
-        task.slot_action.filepath = filepath;
+        int task_id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+        {
+            server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SLOT_RESTORE);
+            task.id = task_id;
+            task.slot_action.slot_id  = id_slot;
+            task.slot_action.filename = filename;
+            task.slot_action.filepath = filepath;
 
-        ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(task);
+            ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(task));
+        }
 
-        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task.id);
+        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task_id);
+        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);
 
         if (result->is_error()) {
             res_error(res, result->to_json());
@@ -3810,15 +3837,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     };
 
     const auto handle_slots_erase = [&ctx_server, &res_error, &res_ok](const httplib::Request & /* req */, httplib::Response & res, int id_slot) {
-        server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SLOT_ERASE);
-        task.id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-        task.slot_action.slot_id = id_slot;
+        int task_id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+        {
+            server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SLOT_ERASE);
+            task.id = task_id;
+            task.slot_action.slot_id = id_slot;
 
-        ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(task);
+            ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(task));
+        }
 
-        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task.id);
+        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task_id);
+        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);
 
         if (result->is_error()) {
             res_error(res, result->to_json());
@@ -3891,6 +3921,21 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         res_ok(res, {{ "success", true }});
     };
 
+    const auto handle_api_show = [&ctx_server, &res_ok](const httplib::Request &, httplib::Response & res) {
+        json data = {
+            {
+                "template", common_chat_templates_source(ctx_server.chat_templates.get()),
+            },
+            {
+                "model_info", {
+                    { "llama.context_length", ctx_server.slots.back().n_ctx, },
+                }
+            },
+        };
+
+        res_ok(res, data);
+    };
+
     // handle completion-like requests (completion, chat, infill)
     // we can optionally provide a custom format for partial results and final results
     const auto handle_completions_impl = [&ctx_server, &res_error, &res_ok](
@@ -3907,9 +3952,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         }
 
         auto completion_id = gen_chatcmplid();
-        std::vector<server_task> tasks;
-
+        std::unordered_set<int> task_ids;
         try {
+            std::vector<server_task> tasks;
+
             const auto & prompt = data.at("prompt");
             // TODO: this log can become very long, put it behind a flag or think about a more compact format
             //SRV_DBG("Prompt: %s\n", prompt.is_string() ? prompt.get<std::string>().c_str() : prompt.dump(2).c_str());
@@ -3924,9 +3970,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
                 task.prompt_tokens    = std::move(tokenized_prompts[i]);
                 task.params           = server_task::params_from_json_cmpl(
-                                            ctx_server.ctx,
-                                            ctx_server.params_base,
-                                            data);
+                        ctx_server.ctx,
+                        ctx_server.params_base,
+                        data);
                 task.id_selected_slot = json_value(data, "id_slot", -1);
 
                 // OAI-compat
@@ -3934,18 +3980,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 task.params.oaicompat_cmpl_id         = completion_id;
                 // oaicompat_model is already populated by params_from_json_cmpl
 
-                tasks.push_back(task);
+                tasks.push_back(std::move(task));
             }
+
+            task_ids = server_task::get_list_id(tasks);
+            ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_tasks(tasks);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(tasks));
         } catch (const std::exception & e) {
             res_error(res, format_error_response(e.what(), ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
             return;
         }
 
-        ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_tasks(tasks);
-        ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(tasks);
-
         bool stream = json_value(data, "stream", false);
-        const auto task_ids = server_task::get_list_id(tasks);
 
         if (!stream) {
             ctx_server.receive_multi_results(task_ids, [&](std::vector<server_task_result_ptr> & results) {
@@ -4237,6 +4283,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         // create and queue the task
         json responses = json::array();
         bool error = false;
+        std::unordered_set<int> task_ids;
         {
             std::vector<server_task> tasks;
             for (size_t i = 0; i < tokenized_prompts.size(); i++) {
@@ -4249,28 +4296,27 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 // OAI-compat
                 task.params.oaicompat = oaicompat;
 
-                tasks.push_back(task);
+                tasks.push_back(std::move(task));
             }
 
+            task_ids = server_task::get_list_id(tasks);
             ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_tasks(tasks);
-            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(tasks);
-
-            // get the result
-            std::unordered_set<int> task_ids = server_task::get_list_id(tasks);
-
-            ctx_server.receive_multi_results(task_ids, [&](std::vector<server_task_result_ptr> & results) {
-                for (auto & res : results) {
-                    GGML_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<server_task_result_embd*>(res.get()) != nullptr);
-                    responses.push_back(res->to_json());
-                }
-            }, [&](const json & error_data) {
-                res_error(res, error_data);
-                error = true;
-            }, req.is_connection_closed);
-
-            ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_ids(task_ids);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(tasks));
         }
 
+        // get the result
+        ctx_server.receive_multi_results(task_ids, [&](std::vector<server_task_result_ptr> & results) {
+            for (auto & res : results) {
+                GGML_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<server_task_result_embd*>(res.get()) != nullptr);
+                responses.push_back(res->to_json());
+            }
+        }, [&](const json & error_data) {
+            res_error(res, error_data);
+            error = true;
+        }, req.is_connection_closed);
+
+        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_ids(task_ids);
+
         if (error) {
             return;
         }
@@ -4336,6 +4382,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         // create and queue the task
         json responses = json::array();
         bool error = false;
+        std::unordered_set<int> task_ids;
         {
             std::vector<server_task> tasks;
             std::vector<llama_tokens> tokenized_docs = tokenize_input_prompts(ctx_server.vocab, documents, /* add_special */ false, true);
@@ -4345,26 +4392,24 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                 task.id            = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
                 task.index         = i;
                 task.prompt_tokens = format_rerank(ctx_server.vocab, tokenized_query, tokenized_docs[i]);
-                tasks.push_back(task);
+                tasks.push_back(std::move(task));
             }
 
+            task_ids = server_task::get_list_id(tasks);
             ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_tasks(tasks);
-            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(tasks);
-
-            // get the result
-            std::unordered_set<int> task_ids = server_task::get_list_id(tasks);
-
-            ctx_server.receive_multi_results(task_ids, [&](std::vector<server_task_result_ptr> & results) {
-                for (auto & res : results) {
-                    GGML_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<server_task_result_rerank*>(res.get()) != nullptr);
-                    responses.push_back(res->to_json());
-                }
-            }, [&](const json & error_data) {
-                res_error(res, error_data);
-                error = true;
-            }, req.is_connection_closed);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(tasks));
         }
 
+        ctx_server.receive_multi_results(task_ids, [&](std::vector<server_task_result_ptr> & results) {
+            for (auto & res : results) {
+                GGML_ASSERT(dynamic_cast<server_task_result_rerank*>(res.get()) != nullptr);
+                responses.push_back(res->to_json());
+            }
+        }, [&](const json & error_data) {
+            res_error(res, error_data);
+            error = true;
+        }, req.is_connection_closed);
+
         if (error) {
             return;
         }
@@ -4400,14 +4445,19 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
             res_error(res, format_error_response("Request body must be an array", ERROR_TYPE_INVALID_REQUEST));
             return;
         }
-        server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SET_LORA);
-        task.id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
-        task.set_lora = parse_lora_request(ctx_server.params_base.lora_adapters, body);
-        ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(task);
 
-        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task.id);
-        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task.id);
+        int task_id = ctx_server.queue_tasks.get_new_id();
+        {
+            server_task task(SERVER_TASK_TYPE_SET_LORA);
+            task.id = task_id;
+            task.set_lora = parse_lora_request(ctx_server.params_base.lora_adapters, body);
+            ctx_server.queue_results.add_waiting_task_id(task_id);
+            ctx_server.queue_tasks.post(std::move(task));
+        }
+
+        // get the result
+        server_task_result_ptr result = ctx_server.queue_results.recv(task_id);
+        ctx_server.queue_results.remove_waiting_task_id(task_id);
 
         if (result->is_error()) {
             res_error(res, result->to_json());
@@ -4455,6 +4505,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     svr->Get ("/metrics",             handle_metrics);
     svr->Get ("/props",               handle_props);
     svr->Post("/props",               handle_props_change);
+    svr->Post("/api/show",            handle_api_show);
     svr->Get ("/models",              handle_models); // public endpoint (no API key check)
     svr->Get ("/v1/models",           handle_models); // public endpoint (no API key check)
     svr->Post("/completion",          handle_completions); // legacy
@@ -4491,9 +4542,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     svr->new_task_queue = [&params] { return new httplib::ThreadPool(params.n_threads_http); };
 
     // clean up function, to be called before exit
-    auto clean_up = [&svr]() {
+    auto clean_up = [&svr, &ctx_server]() {
         SRV_INF("%s: cleaning up before exit...\n", __func__);
         svr->stop();
+        ctx_server.queue_results.terminate();
         llama_backend_free();
     };
 
@@ -4534,7 +4586,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
     if (!ctx_server.load_model(params)) {
         clean_up();
-        // t.join(); // FIXME: see below
+        t.join();
         LOG_ERR("%s: exiting due to model loading error\n", __func__);
         return 1;
     }
@@ -4549,8 +4601,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
         common_chat_templates_source(ctx_server.chat_templates.get()),
         common_chat_format_example(ctx_server.chat_templates.get(), ctx_server.params_base.use_jinja).c_str());
 
-    ctx_server.queue_tasks.on_new_task([&ctx_server](const server_task & task) {
-        ctx_server.process_single_task(task);
+    ctx_server.queue_tasks.on_new_task([&ctx_server](server_task && task) {
+        ctx_server.process_single_task(std::move(task));
     });
 
     ctx_server.queue_tasks.on_update_slots([&ctx_server]() {
@@ -4582,7 +4634,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     ctx_server.queue_tasks.start_loop();
 
     clean_up();
-    // t.join(); // FIXME: http thread may stuck if there is an on-going request. we don't need to care about this for now as the HTTP connection will already be closed at this point, but it's better to fix this
+    t.join();
 
     return 0;
 }

examples/server/tests/README.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ To mitigate it, you can increase values in `n_predict`, `kv_size`.
 
 ```shell
 cd ../../..
-cmake -B build -DLLAMA_CURL=ON
+cmake -B build
 cmake --build build --target llama-server
 ```
 

examples/server/tests/unit/test_embedding.py

@@ -49,6 +49,26 @@ def test_embedding_multiple():
         assert len(d['embedding']) > 1
 
 
+def test_embedding_multiple_with_fa():
+    server = ServerPreset.bert_bge_small_with_fa()
+    server.pooling = 'last'
+    server.start()
+    # one of these should trigger the FA branch (i.e. context size % 256 == 0)
+    res = server.make_request("POST", "/v1/embeddings", data={
+        "input": [
+            "a "*253,
+            "b "*254,
+            "c "*255,
+            "d "*256,
+        ],
+    })
+    assert res.status_code == 200
+    assert len(res.body['data']) == 4
+    for d in res.body['data']:
+        assert 'embedding' in d
+        assert len(d['embedding']) > 1
+
+
 @pytest.mark.parametrize(
     "input,is_multi_prompt",
     [

examples/server/tests/utils.py

@@ -323,6 +323,21 @@ class ServerPreset:
         server.server_embeddings = True
         return server
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def bert_bge_small_with_fa() -> ServerProcess:
+        server = ServerProcess()
+        server.model_hf_repo = "ggml-org/models"
+        server.model_hf_file = "bert-bge-small/ggml-model-f16.gguf"
+        server.model_alias = "bert-bge-small"
+        server.n_ctx = 1024
+        server.n_batch = 300
+        server.n_ubatch = 300
+        server.n_slots = 2
+        server.fa = True
+        server.seed = 42
+        server.server_embeddings = True
+        return server
+
     @staticmethod
     def tinyllama_infill() -> ServerProcess:
         server = ServerProcess()

examples/server/utils.hpp

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@
 #include "common.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "llama.h"
-#include "common/base64.hpp"
+#include "base64.hpp"
 
 // increase max payload length to allow use of larger context size
 #define CPPHTTPLIB_FORM_URL_ENCODED_PAYLOAD_MAX_LENGTH 1048576

examples/server/webui/package.json

@@ -13,9 +13,11 @@
   "dependencies": {
     "@heroicons/react": "^2.2.0",
     "@sec-ant/readable-stream": "^0.6.0",
+    "@tailwindcss/postcss": "^4.1.1",
+    "@tailwindcss/vite": "^4.1.1",
     "@vscode/markdown-it-katex": "^1.1.1",
     "autoprefixer": "^10.4.20",
-    "daisyui": "^4.12.14",
+    "daisyui": "^5.0.12",
     "dexie": "^4.0.11",
     "highlight.js": "^11.10.0",
     "katex": "^0.16.15",
@@ -29,7 +31,7 @@
     "remark-breaks": "^4.0.0",
     "remark-gfm": "^4.0.0",
     "remark-math": "^6.0.0",
-    "tailwindcss": "^3.4.15",
+    "tailwindcss": "^4.1.1",
     "textlinestream": "^1.1.1",
     "vite-plugin-singlefile": "^2.0.3"
   },

examples/server/webui/postcss.config.js

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 export default {
   plugins: {
-    tailwindcss: {},
-    autoprefixer: {},
+    "@tailwindcss/postcss": {},
   },
 }

examples/server/webui/src/App.tsx

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ function AppLayout() {
     <>
       <Sidebar />
       <div
-        className="drawer-content grow flex flex-col h-screen w-screen mx-auto px-4 overflow-auto"
+        className="drawer-content grow flex flex-col h-screen w-screen mx-auto px-4 overflow-auto bg-base-100"
         id="main-scroll"
       >
         <Header />

examples/server/webui/src/Config.ts

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import daisyuiThemes from 'daisyui/src/theming/themes';
+import daisyuiThemes from 'daisyui/theme/object';
 import { isNumeric } from './utils/misc';
 
 export const isDev = import.meta.env.MODE === 'development';

examples/server/webui/src/components/ChatScreen.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import { useEffect, useMemo, useRef, useState } from 'react';
+import { useEffect, useMemo, useState } from 'react';
 import { CallbackGeneratedChunk, useAppContext } from '../utils/app.context';
 import ChatMessage from './ChatMessage';
 import { CanvasType, Message, PendingMessage } from '../utils/types';
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import { classNames, cleanCurrentUrl, throttle } from '../utils/misc';
 import CanvasPyInterpreter from './CanvasPyInterpreter';
 import StorageUtils from '../utils/storage';
 import { useVSCodeContext } from '../utils/llama-vscode';
+import { useChatTextarea, ChatTextareaApi } from './useChatTextarea.ts';
 
 /**
  * A message display is a message node with additional information for rendering.
@@ -99,7 +100,8 @@ export default function ChatScreen() {
     canvasData,
     replaceMessageAndGenerate,
   } = useAppContext();
-  const textarea = useOptimizedTextarea(prefilledMsg.content());
+
+  const textarea: ChatTextareaApi = useChatTextarea(prefilledMsg.content());
 
   const { extraContext, clearExtraContext } = useVSCodeContext(textarea);
   // TODO: improve this when we have "upload file" feature
@@ -248,14 +250,16 @@ export default function ChatScreen() {
         </div>
 
         {/* chat input */}
-        <div className="flex flex-row items-center pt-8 pb-6 sticky bottom-0 bg-base-100">
+        <div className="flex flex-row items-end pt-8 pb-6 sticky bottom-0 bg-base-100">
           <textarea
-            className="textarea textarea-bordered w-full"
+            // Default (mobile): Enable vertical resize, overflow auto for scrolling if needed
+            // Large screens (lg:): Disable manual resize, apply max-height for autosize limit
+            className="textarea textarea-bordered w-full resize-vertical lg:resize-none lg:max-h-48 lg:overflow-y-auto" // Adjust lg:max-h-48 as needed (e.g., lg:max-h-60)
             placeholder="Type a message (Shift+Enter to add a new line)"
             ref={textarea.ref}
+            onInput={textarea.onInput} // Hook's input handler (will only resize height on lg+ screens)
             onKeyDown={(e) => {
               if (e.nativeEvent.isComposing || e.keyCode === 229) return;
-              if (e.key === 'Enter' && e.shiftKey) return;
               if (e.key === 'Enter' && !e.shiftKey) {
                 e.preventDefault();
                 sendNewMessage();
@@ -263,7 +267,11 @@ export default function ChatScreen() {
             }}
             id="msg-input"
             dir="auto"
+            // Set a base height of 2 rows for mobile views
+            // On lg+ screens, the hook will calculate and set the initial height anyway
+            rows={2}
           ></textarea>
+
           {isGenerating(currConvId ?? '') ? (
             <button
               className="btn btn-neutral ml-2"
@@ -286,43 +294,3 @@ export default function ChatScreen() {
     </div>
   );
 }
-
-export interface OptimizedTextareaValue {
-  value: () => string;
-  setValue: (value: string) => void;
-  focus: () => void;
-  ref: React.RefObject<HTMLTextAreaElement>;
-}
-
-// This is a workaround to prevent the textarea from re-rendering when the inner content changes
-// See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12299
-function useOptimizedTextarea(initValue: string): OptimizedTextareaValue {
-  const [savedInitValue, setSavedInitValue] = useState<string>(initValue);
-  const textareaRef = useRef<HTMLTextAreaElement>(null);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    if (textareaRef.current && savedInitValue) {
-      textareaRef.current.value = savedInitValue;
-      setSavedInitValue('');
-    }
-  }, [textareaRef, savedInitValue, setSavedInitValue]);
-
-  return {
-    value: () => {
-      return textareaRef.current?.value ?? savedInitValue;
-    },
-    setValue: (value: string) => {
-      if (textareaRef.current) {
-        textareaRef.current.value = value;
-      }
-    },
-    focus: () => {
-      if (textareaRef.current) {
-        // focus and move the cursor to the end
-        textareaRef.current.focus();
-        textareaRef.current.selectionStart = textareaRef.current.value.length;
-      }
-    },
-    ref: textareaRef,
-  };
-}

examples/server/webui/src/components/Header.tsx

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import StorageUtils from '../utils/storage';
 import { useAppContext } from '../utils/app.context';
 import { classNames } from '../utils/misc';
-import daisyuiThemes from 'daisyui/src/theming/themes';
+import daisyuiThemes from 'daisyui/theme/object';
 import { THEMES } from '../Config';
 import { useNavigate } from 'react-router';
 
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@ export default function Header() {
     document.body.setAttribute('data-theme', selectedTheme);
     document.body.setAttribute(
       'data-color-scheme',
-      // @ts-expect-error daisyuiThemes complains about index type, but it should work
       daisyuiThemes[selectedTheme]?.['color-scheme'] ?? 'auto'
     );
   }, [selectedTheme]);

examples/server/webui/src/components/useChatTextarea.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+import { useEffect, useRef, useState, useCallback } from 'react';
+
+// Media Query for detecting "large" screens (matching Tailwind's lg: breakpoint)
+const LARGE_SCREEN_MQ = '(min-width: 1024px)';
+
+// Calculates and sets the textarea height based on its scrollHeight
+const adjustTextareaHeight = (textarea: HTMLTextAreaElement | null) => {
+  if (!textarea) return;
+
+  // Only perform auto-sizing on large screens
+  if (!window.matchMedia(LARGE_SCREEN_MQ).matches) {
+    // On small screens, reset inline height and max-height styles.
+    // This allows CSS (e.g., `rows` attribute or classes) to control the height,
+    // and enables manual resizing if `resize-vertical` is set.
+    textarea.style.height = ''; // Use 'auto' or '' to reset
+    textarea.style.maxHeight = '';
+    return; // Do not adjust height programmatically on small screens
+  }
+
+  const computedStyle = window.getComputedStyle(textarea);
+  // Get the max-height specified by CSS (e.g., from `lg:max-h-48`)
+  const currentMaxHeight = computedStyle.maxHeight;
+
+  // Temporarily remove max-height to allow scrollHeight to be calculated correctly
+  textarea.style.maxHeight = 'none';
+  // Reset height to 'auto' to measure the actual scrollHeight needed
+  textarea.style.height = 'auto';
+  // Set the height to the calculated scrollHeight
+  textarea.style.height = `${textarea.scrollHeight}px`;
+  // Re-apply the original max-height from CSS to enforce the limit
+  textarea.style.maxHeight = currentMaxHeight;
+};
+
+// Interface describing the API returned by the hook
+export interface ChatTextareaApi {
+  value: () => string;
+  setValue: (value: string) => void;
+  focus: () => void;
+  ref: React.RefObject<HTMLTextAreaElement>;
+  onInput: (event: React.FormEvent<HTMLTextAreaElement>) => void; // Input handler
+}
+
+// This is a workaround to prevent the textarea from re-rendering when the inner content changes
+// See https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12299
+// combined now with auto-sizing logic.
+export function useChatTextarea(initValue: string): ChatTextareaApi {
+  const [savedInitValue, setSavedInitValue] = useState<string>(initValue);
+  const textareaRef = useRef<HTMLTextAreaElement>(null);
+
+  // Effect to set initial value and height on mount or when initValue changes
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const textarea = textareaRef.current;
+    if (textarea) {
+      if (typeof savedInitValue === 'string' && savedInitValue.length > 0) {
+        textarea.value = savedInitValue;
+        // Call adjustTextareaHeight - it will check screen size internally
+        setTimeout(() => adjustTextareaHeight(textarea), 0);
+        setSavedInitValue(''); // Reset after applying
+      } else {
+        // Adjust height even if there's no initial value (for initial render)
+        setTimeout(() => adjustTextareaHeight(textarea), 0);
+      }
+    }
+  }, [textareaRef, savedInitValue]); // Depend on ref and savedInitValue
+
+  const handleInput = useCallback(
+    (event: React.FormEvent<HTMLTextAreaElement>) => {
+      // Call adjustTextareaHeight on every input - it will decide whether to act
+      adjustTextareaHeight(event.currentTarget);
+    },
+    []
+  );
+
+  return {
+    // Method to get the current value directly from the textarea
+    value: () => {
+      return textareaRef.current?.value ?? '';
+    },
+    // Method to programmatically set the value and trigger height adjustment
+    setValue: (value: string) => {
+      const textarea = textareaRef.current;
+      if (textarea) {
+        textarea.value = value;
+        // Call adjustTextareaHeight - it will check screen size internally
+        setTimeout(() => adjustTextareaHeight(textarea), 0);
+      }
+    },
+    focus: () => {
+      if (textareaRef.current) {
+        textareaRef.current.focus();
+      }
+    },
+    ref: textareaRef,
+    onInput: handleInput,
+  };
+}

examples/server/webui/src/index.scss

@@ -1,8 +1,13 @@
 @use 'sass:meta';
+@use 'tailwindcss';
 
-@tailwind base;
-@tailwind components;
-@tailwind utilities;
+@plugin 'daisyui' {
+  themes: all;
+}
+
+html {
+  scrollbar-gutter: auto;
+}
 
 .markdown {
   h1,

examples/server/webui/src/utils/llama-vscode.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
 import { MessageExtraContext } from './types';
-import { OptimizedTextareaValue } from '../components/ChatScreen';
+import { ChatTextareaApi } from '../components/useChatTextarea.ts';
 
 // Extra context when using llama.cpp WebUI from llama-vscode, inside an iframe
 // Ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/11940
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ interface SetTextEvData {
  * window.postMessage({ command: 'setText', text: 'Spot the syntax error', context: 'def test()\n  return 123' }, '*');
  */
 
-export const useVSCodeContext = (textarea: OptimizedTextareaValue) => {
+export const useVSCodeContext = (textarea: ChatTextareaApi) => {
   const [extraContext, setExtraContext] = useState<MessageExtraContext | null>(
     null
   );

examples/server_embd.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ async def main():
     model_url = "http://127.0.0.1:6900"
     responses: list[requests.Response] = await asyncio.gather(*[requests_post_async(
         url= f"{model_url}/embedding",
-        json= {"content": str(0)*1024}
+        json= {"content": "a "*1022}
     ) for i in range(n)])
 
     for response in responses:

examples/sycl/build.sh

@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@ cd build
 source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
 
 #for FP16
-#cmake .. -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON # faster for long-prompt inference
+#cmake .. -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF # faster for long-prompt inference
 
 #for FP32
-cmake .. -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
+cmake .. -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF
 
 #build example/main
 #cmake --build . --config Release --target main

examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat

@@ -13,10 +13,10 @@ if %errorlevel% neq 0 goto ERROR
 
 ::  for FP16
 ::  faster for long-prompt inference
-::  cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..  -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON
+::  cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" .. -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_SYCL_F16=ON
 
 ::  for FP32
-cmake -G "Ninja" ..  -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=cl -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+cmake -G "Ninja" .. -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF -DGGML_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=cl -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
 if %errorlevel% neq 0 goto ERROR
 ::  build example/main only
 ::  make main

ggml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ message(DEBUG "INS_ENB             : ${INS_ENB}")
 option(GGML_CPU_HBM          "ggml: use memkind for CPU HBM" OFF)
 option(GGML_CPU_AARCH64      "ggml: use runtime weight conversion of Q4_0 to Q4_X_X" ON)
 option(GGML_CPU_KLEIDIAI     "ggml: use KleidiAI optimized kernels if applicable" OFF)
+option(GGML_SSE42            "ggml: enable SSE 4.2"          ${INS_ENB})
 option(GGML_AVX              "ggml: enable AVX"              ${INS_ENB})
 option(GGML_AVX_VNNI         "ggml: enable AVX-VNNI"         OFF)
 option(GGML_AVX2             "ggml: enable AVX2"             ${INS_ENB})
@@ -170,7 +171,6 @@ option(GGML_HIP                             "ggml: use HIP"
 option(GGML_HIP_GRAPHS                      "ggml: use HIP graph, experimental, slow"         OFF)
 option(GGML_HIP_NO_VMM                      "ggml: do not try to use HIP VMM"                 ON)
 option(GGML_HIP_ROCWMMA_FATTN               "ggml: enable rocWMMA for FlashAttention"         OFF)
-option(GGML_HIP_UMA                         "ggml: use HIP unified memory architecture"       OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN                          "ggml: use Vulkan"                                OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS            "ggml: run Vulkan op checks"                      OFF)
 option(GGML_VULKAN_DEBUG                    "ggml: enable Vulkan debug output"                OFF)

ggml/include/ggml-cpu.h

@@ -133,6 +133,11 @@ extern "C" {
 
     GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_cpu_reg(void);
 
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp16(const float *, ggml_fp16_t *, int64_t);
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp16_to_fp32(const ggml_fp16_t *, float *, int64_t);
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_bf16(const float *, ggml_bf16_t *, int64_t);
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_bf16_to_fp32(const ggml_bf16_t *, float *, int64_t);
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif