metal : back to a single queue per device

ggml-ci

.clang-format

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ AllowShortIfStatementsOnASingleLine: Never
 AllowShortLambdasOnASingleLine: Inline
 AllowShortLoopsOnASingleLine: false
 AlwaysBreakBeforeMultilineStrings: true
-BinPackArguments: false
+BinPackArguments: true
 BinPackParameters: false # OnePerLine
 BitFieldColonSpacing: Both
 BreakBeforeBraces: Custom # Attach

.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile

@@ -2,14 +2,30 @@ ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
 
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 
-# Install build tools
-RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget
+# Ref: https://vulkan.lunarg.com/doc/sdk/latest/linux/getting_started.html
 
-# Install Vulkan SDK and cURL
-RUN wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | apt-key add - && \
-    wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-noble.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-noble.list && \
-    apt update -y && \
-    apt-get install -y vulkan-sdk libcurl4-openssl-dev curl
+# Install build tools
+RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget xz-utils
+
+# Install Vulkan SDK
+ARG VULKAN_VERSION=1.4.321.1
+RUN ARCH=$(uname -m) && \
+    wget -qO /tmp/vulkan-sdk.tar.xz https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKAN_VERSION}/linux/vulkan-sdk-linux-${ARCH}-${VULKAN_VERSION}.tar.xz && \
+    mkdir -p /opt/vulkan && \
+    tar -xf /tmp/vulkan-sdk.tar.xz -C /tmp --strip-components=1 && \
+    mv /tmp/${ARCH}/* /opt/vulkan/ && \
+    rm -rf /tmp/*
+
+# Install cURL and Vulkan SDK dependencies
+RUN apt install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev curl \
+    libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-cursor-dev
+
+# Set environment variables
+ENV VULKAN_SDK=/opt/vulkan
+ENV PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/bin:$PATH
+ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
+ENV CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
+ENV PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
 
 # Build it
 WORKDIR /app

.github/workflows/close-issue.yml

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/stale@v5
         with:
-          exempt-issue-labels: "refactoring,help wanted,good first issue,research,bug,roadmap"
+          exempt-issue-labels: "refactoring,help wanted,good first issue,research 🔬,bug,roadmap"
           days-before-issue-stale: 30
           days-before-issue-close: 14
           stale-issue-label: "stale"

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@
 - Use the following format for the squashed commit title: `<module> : <commit title> (#<issue_number>)`. For example: `utils : fix typo in utils.py (#1234)`
 - Optionally pick a `<module>` from here: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/wiki/Modules
 - Consider adding yourself to [CODEOWNERS](CODEOWNERS)
+- Let authors, who are also collaborators, merge their own PRs
+- When merging a PR by a contributor, make sure you have a good understanding of the changes
+- Be mindful of maintenance: most of the work going into a feature happens after the PR is merged. If the PR author is not committed to contribute long-term, someone else needs to take responsibility (you)
 
 # Coding guidelines
 

README.md

@@ -137,6 +137,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 - [X] [Trillion-7B-preview](https://huggingface.co/trillionlabs/Trillion-7B-preview)
 - [x] [Ling models](https://huggingface.co/collections/inclusionAI/ling-67c51c85b34a7ea0aba94c32)
 - [x] [LFM2 models](https://huggingface.co/collections/LiquidAI/lfm2-686d721927015b2ad73eaa38)
+- [x] [Hunyuan models](https://huggingface.co/collections/tencent/hunyuan-dense-model-6890632cda26b19119c9c5e7)
 
 #### Multimodal
 

ci/run.sh

@@ -386,10 +386,10 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_7b_v2 {
 
     (time ./bin/llama-imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test} -t 1 -ngl 99 -c 2048 -b 512 --chunks 4 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
 
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
 
     function check_ppl {
         qnt="$1"
@@ -520,8 +520,8 @@ function gg_run_pythia_1_4b {
 
     (time ./bin/llama-imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test_60} -ngl 99 -c 128 -b 128 --chunks 1 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
 
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
 
     function check_ppl {
         qnt="$1"
@@ -651,10 +651,10 @@ function gg_run_pythia_2_8b {
 
     (time ./bin/llama-imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test} -t 1 -ngl 99 -c 2048 -b 512 --chunks 4 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
 
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0     ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
-    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 10 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa off ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
+    (time ./bin/llama-save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} -ngl 99 -c 0 -fa on  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log
 
     function check_ppl {
         qnt="$1"

common/arg.cpp

@@ -1106,7 +1106,7 @@ static void common_params_print_completion(common_params_context & ctx_arg) {
     printf("\"\n\n");
 
     printf("    case \"$prev\" in\n");
-    printf("        --model)\n");
+    printf("        --model|-m)\n");
     printf("            COMPREPLY=( $(compgen -f -X '!*.gguf' -- \"$cur\") $(compgen -d -- \"$cur\") )\n");
     printf("            return 0\n");
     printf("            ;;\n");
@@ -1263,6 +1263,18 @@ static std::string list_builtin_chat_templates() {
     return msg.str();
 }
 
+static bool is_truthy(const std::string & value) {
+    return value == "on" || value == "enabled" || value == "1";
+}
+
+static bool is_falsey(const std::string & value) {
+    return value == "off" || value == "disabled" || value == "0";
+}
+
+static bool is_autoy(const std::string & value) {
+    return value == "auto" || value == "-1";
+}
+
 common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_example ex, void(*print_usage)(int, char **)) {
     // load dynamic backends
     ggml_backend_load_all();
@@ -1544,13 +1556,21 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.n_chunks = value;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_PERPLEXITY, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL}));
-    add_opt(common_arg(
-        {"-fa", "--flash-attn"},
-        string_format("enable Flash Attention (default: %s)", params.flash_attn ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](common_params & params) {
-            params.flash_attn = true;
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_FLASH_ATTN"));
+    add_opt(common_arg({ "-fa", "--flash-attn" }, "[on|off|auto]",
+                       string_format("set Flash Attention use ('on', 'off', or 'auto', default: '%s')",
+                                     llama_flash_attn_type_name(params.flash_attn_type)),
+                       [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+                           if (is_truthy(value)) {
+                               params.flash_attn_type = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_ENABLED;
+                           } else if (is_falsey(value)) {
+                               params.flash_attn_type = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_DISABLED;
+                           } else if (is_autoy(value)) {
+                               params.flash_attn_type = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO;
+                           } else {
+                               throw std::runtime_error(
+                                   string_format("error: unkown value for --flash-attn: '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
+                           }
+                       }).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_FLASH_ATTN"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-p", "--prompt"}, "PROMPT",
         "prompt to start generation with; for system message, use -sys",
@@ -2458,7 +2478,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SPECULATIVE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_N_CPU_MOE_DRAFT"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-ngl", "--gpu-layers", "--n-gpu-layers"}, "N",
-        "number of layers to store in VRAM",
+        string_format("max. number of layers to store in VRAM (default: %d)", params.n_gpu_layers),
         [](common_params & params, int value) {
             params.n_gpu_layers = value;
             if (!llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
@@ -2555,7 +2575,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"--lora"}, "FNAME",
         "path to LoRA adapter (can be repeated to use multiple adapters)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ std::string(value), 1.0, nullptr });
+            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ std::string(value), 1.0, "", "", nullptr });
         }
         // we define this arg on both COMMON and EXPORT_LORA, so when showing help message of export-lora, it will be categorized as "example-specific" arg
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}));
@@ -2563,7 +2583,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"--lora-scaled"}, "FNAME", "SCALE",
         "path to LoRA adapter with user defined scaling (can be repeated to use multiple adapters)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & fname, const std::string & scale) {
-            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ fname, std::stof(scale), nullptr });
+            params.lora_adapters.push_back({ fname, std::stof(scale), "", "", nullptr });
         }
         // we define this arg on both COMMON and EXPORT_LORA, so when showing help message of export-lora, it will be categorized as "example-specific" arg
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMMON, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA}));
@@ -2954,13 +2974,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.endpoint_metrics = true;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_METRICS"));
-    add_opt(common_arg(
-        {"--slots"},
-        string_format("enable slots monitoring endpoint (default: %s)", params.endpoint_slots ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
-        [](common_params & params) {
-            params.endpoint_slots = true;
-        }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_SLOTS"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--props"},
         string_format("enable changing global properties via POST /props (default: %s)", params.endpoint_props ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
@@ -2968,6 +2981,13 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.endpoint_props = true;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_PROPS"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--slots"},
+        string_format("enable slots monitoring endpoint (default: %s)", params.endpoint_slots ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.endpoint_slots = true;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_ENDPOINT_SLOTS"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--no-slots"},
         "disables slots monitoring endpoint",
@@ -3126,13 +3146,21 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             common_log_set_file(common_log_main(), value.c_str());
         }
     ));
-    add_opt(common_arg(
-        {"--log-colors"},
-        "Enable colored logging",
-        [](common_params &) {
-            common_log_set_colors(common_log_main(), true);
-        }
-    ).set_env("LLAMA_LOG_COLORS"));
+    add_opt(common_arg({ "--log-colors" }, "[on|off|auto]",
+                       "Set colored logging ('on', 'off', or 'auto', default: 'auto')\n"
+                       "'auto' enables colors when output is to a terminal",
+                       [](common_params &, const std::string & value) {
+                           if (is_truthy(value)) {
+                               common_log_set_colors(common_log_main(), LOG_COLORS_ENABLED);
+                           } else if (is_falsey(value)) {
+                               common_log_set_colors(common_log_main(), LOG_COLORS_DISABLED);
+                           } else if (is_autoy(value)) {
+                               common_log_set_colors(common_log_main(), LOG_COLORS_AUTO);
+                           } else {
+                               throw std::invalid_argument(
+                                   string_format("error: unkown value for --log-colors: '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
+                           }
+                       }).set_env("LLAMA_LOG_COLORS"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-v", "--verbose", "--log-verbose"},
         "Set verbosity level to infinity (i.e. log all messages, useful for debugging)",
@@ -3459,8 +3487,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-1.5B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-1.5b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3475,8 +3501,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-3B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-3b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3491,8 +3515,6 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-7b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3508,10 +3530,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-7b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.speculative.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.speculative.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-0.5b-q8_0.gguf";
-            params.speculative.n_gpu_layers = 99;
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;
@@ -3527,10 +3546,21 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-14b-q8_0.gguf";
             params.speculative.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-0.5B-Q8_0-GGUF";
             params.speculative.model.hf_file = "qwen2.5-coder-0.5b-q8_0.gguf";
-            params.speculative.n_gpu_layers = 99;
             params.port = 8012;
-            params.n_gpu_layers = 99;
-            params.flash_attn = true;
+            params.n_ubatch = 1024;
+            params.n_batch = 1024;
+            params.n_ctx = 0;
+            params.n_cache_reuse = 256;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--fim-qwen-30b-default"},
+        string_format("use default Qwen 3 Coder 30B A3B Instruct (note: can download weights from the internet)"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.model.hf_repo = "ggml-org/Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct-Q8_0-GGUF";
+            params.model.hf_file = "qwen3-coder-30b-a3b-instruct-q8_0.gguf";
+            params.port = 8012;
             params.n_ubatch = 1024;
             params.n_batch = 1024;
             params.n_ctx = 0;

common/chat.cpp

@@ -163,6 +163,19 @@ common_chat_tool_choice common_chat_tool_choice_parse_oaicompat(const std::strin
     throw std::runtime_error("Invalid tool_choice: " + tool_choice);
 }
 
+bool common_chat_templates_support_enable_thinking(const common_chat_templates * chat_templates) {
+    common_chat_templates_inputs dummy_inputs;
+    common_chat_msg msg;
+    msg.role = "user";
+    msg.content = "test";
+    dummy_inputs.messages = {msg};
+    dummy_inputs.enable_thinking = false;
+    const auto rendered_no_thinking = common_chat_templates_apply(chat_templates, dummy_inputs);
+    dummy_inputs.enable_thinking = true;
+    const auto rendered_with_thinking = common_chat_templates_apply(chat_templates, dummy_inputs);
+    return rendered_no_thinking.prompt != rendered_with_thinking.prompt;
+}
+
 template <>
 std::vector<common_chat_msg> common_chat_msgs_parse_oaicompat(const json & messages) {
     std::vector<common_chat_msg> msgs;
@@ -618,10 +631,13 @@ const char * common_chat_format_name(common_chat_format format) {
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2: return "FireFunction v2";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2: return "Functionary v3.2";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1: return "Functionary v3.1 Llama 3.1";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_V3_1: return "DeepSeek V3.1";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO: return "Hermes 2 Pro";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B: return "Command R7B";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GRANITE: return "Granite";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS: return "GPT-OSS";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS: return "Seed-OSS";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2: return "Nemotron V2";
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error("Unknown chat format");
     }
@@ -683,11 +699,13 @@ static void parse_json_tool_calls(
         size_t from = std::string::npos;
         auto first = true;
         while (true) {
+            auto start_pos = builder.pos();
             auto res = function_regex_start_only && first
                 ? builder.try_consume_regex(*function_regex_start_only)
                 : function_regex
                     ? builder.try_find_regex(*function_regex, from)
                     : std::nullopt;
+
             if (res) {
                 std::string name;
                 if (get_function_name) {
@@ -722,6 +740,8 @@ static void parse_json_tool_calls(
                     return;
                 }
                 throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("incomplete tool call");
+            } else {
+                builder.move_to(start_pos);
             }
             break;
         }
@@ -1183,6 +1203,67 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_llama_3_x(const common_chat_te
     });
     return data;
 }
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_nemotron_v2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Generate the prompt using the apply() function with the template
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2;
+
+    // Handle thinking tags appropriately based on inputs.enable_thinking
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // When tools are present, build grammar for the <TOOLCALL> format, similar to CommandR, but without tool call ID
+    if (!inputs.tools.is_null() && inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = true;
+        data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            auto schemas = json::array();
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                schemas.push_back({
+                    { "type",       "object"                                                   },
+                    { "properties",
+                        {
+                            { "name",
+                            {
+                                { "type", "string" },
+                                { "const", function.at("name") },
+                            } },
+                            { "arguments", function.at("parameters") },
+                        }                                                                        },
+                    { "required",   json::array({ "name", "arguments" }) },
+                });
+            });
+            auto schema = json{
+                        { "type",     "array"                                                         },
+                        { "items",    schemas.size() == 1 ? schemas[0] : json{ { "anyOf", schemas } } },
+                        { "minItems", 1                                                               },
+            };
+            if (!inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+                schema["maxItems"] = 1;
+            }
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"</think>\" space )? " : "") +
+                                    "\"<TOOLCALL>\" " + builder.add_schema("tool_calls", schema) +
+                                    " \"</TOOLCALL>\"");
+        });
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+            // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
+            // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+            std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ?
+                            "[\\s\\S]*?(</think>\\s*)" :
+                            "(?:<think>[\\s\\S]*?</think>\\s*)?") +
+                "(<TOOLCALL>)[\\s\\S]*" });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
 static void common_chat_parse_llama_3_1(common_chat_msg_parser & builder, bool with_builtin_tools = false) {
     if (!builder.syntax().parse_tool_calls) {
         builder.add_content(builder.consume_rest());
@@ -1312,6 +1393,71 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(const common_chat_
     }
     return data;
 }
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_deepseek_v3_1(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    // Pass thinking context for DeepSeek V3.1 template
+    json additional_context = {
+        {"thinking", inputs.enable_thinking},
+    };
+
+    auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs,
+                       /* messages_override= */ inputs.messages,
+                       /* tools_override= */ std::nullopt,
+                       additional_context);
+    data.prompt = prompt;
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_V3_1;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+    if (inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED && inputs.json_schema.is_null();
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                    "( \"<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>\" )? \"" + name + "<｜tool▁sep｜>"
+                    "\" " + builder.add_schema(name + "-args", parameters) + " "
+                    "\"<｜tool▁call▁end｜>\""));
+            });
+            // Distill Qwen 7B & 32B models seem confused re/ syntax of their tool call opening tag,
+            // so we accept common variants (then it's all constrained)
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "( \"</think>\" space )? " : "") +
+                "( \"<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool_calls_begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool calls begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>\" | \"<｜tool▁calls｜>\" ) "
+                "(" + string_join(tool_rules, " | ") + ")" + (inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? "*" : "") + " "
+                "\"<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>\""
+                " space");
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({
+                COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN_FULL,
+                // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
+                // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
+                std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "[\\s\\S]*?(</think>\\s*)" : "(?:<think>[\\s\\S]*?</think>\\s*)?") +
+                    "(<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>|<｜tool_calls_begin｜>|<｜tool calls begin｜>|<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>|<｜tool▁calls｜>)[\\s\\S]*"
+            });
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<think>",
+                "</think>",
+                "<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁sep｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁call▁end｜>",
+                "<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>",
+            };
+        });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
 static void common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
     builder.try_parse_reasoning("<think>", "</think>");
     if (!builder.syntax().parse_tool_calls) {
@@ -1333,6 +1479,66 @@ static void common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
         tool_calls_end);
 }
 
+static void common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1_content(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    static const common_regex function_regex("(?:<｜tool▁call▁begin｜>)?([^\\n<]+)(?:<｜tool▁sep｜>)");
+
+    static const common_regex close_regex("(?:[\\s]*)?<｜tool▁call▁end｜>");
+    static const common_regex tool_calls_begin("(?:<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>|<｜tool_calls_begin｜>|<｜tool calls begin｜>|<｜tool\\\\_calls\\\\_begin｜>|<｜tool▁calls｜>)");
+    static const common_regex tool_calls_end("<｜tool▁calls▁end｜>");
+
+    if (!builder.syntax().parse_tool_calls) {
+        LOG_DBG("%s: not parse_tool_calls\n", __func__);
+        builder.add_content(builder.consume_rest());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    LOG_DBG("%s: parse_tool_calls\n", __func__);
+
+    parse_json_tool_calls(
+        builder,
+        /* block_open= */ tool_calls_begin,
+        /* function_regex_start_only= */ std::nullopt,
+        function_regex,
+        close_regex,
+        tool_calls_end);
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    // DeepSeek V3.1 outputs reasoning content between "<think>" and "</think>" tags, followed by regular content
+    // First try to parse using the standard reasoning parsing method
+    LOG_DBG("%s: thinking_forced_open: %s\n", __func__, std::to_string(builder.syntax().thinking_forced_open).c_str());
+
+    auto start_pos = builder.pos();
+    auto found_end_think = builder.try_find_literal("</think>");
+    builder.move_to(start_pos);
+
+    if (builder.syntax().thinking_forced_open && !builder.is_partial() && !found_end_think) {
+        LOG_DBG("%s: no end_think, not partial, adding content\n", __func__);
+        common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1_content(builder);
+    } else if (builder.try_parse_reasoning("<think>", "</think>")) {
+        // If reasoning was parsed successfully, the remaining content is regular content
+        LOG_DBG("%s: parsed reasoning, adding content\n", __func__);
+        // </think><｜tool▁calls▁begin｜><｜tool▁call▁begin｜>function<｜tool▁sep｜>NAME\n```json\nJSON\n```<｜tool▁call▁end｜><｜tool▁calls▁end｜>
+        common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1_content(builder);
+    } else {
+        if (builder.syntax().reasoning_format == COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE) {
+          LOG_DBG("%s: reasoning_format none, adding content\n", __func__);
+          common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1_content(builder);
+          return;
+        }
+        // If no reasoning tags found, check if we should treat everything as reasoning
+        if (builder.syntax().thinking_forced_open) {
+            // If thinking is forced open but no tags found, treat everything as reasoning
+            LOG_DBG("%s: thinking_forced_open, adding reasoning content\n", __func__);
+            builder.add_reasoning_content(builder.consume_rest());
+        } else {
+            LOG_DBG("%s: no thinking_forced_open, adding content\n", __func__);
+            // <｜tool▁call▁begin｜>NAME<｜tool▁sep｜>JSON<｜tool▁call▁end｜>
+            common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1_content(builder);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
     auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
@@ -1829,7 +2035,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(const common_chat
                 // If thinking_forced_open, then we capture the </think> tag in the grammar,
                 // (important for required tool choice) and in the trigger's first capture (decides what is sent to the grammar)
                 std::string(data.thinking_forced_open ? "[\\s\\S]*?(</think>\\s*)" : "(?:<think>[\\s\\S]*?</think>\\s*)?") + (
-                    "(\\s*"
+                    "\\s*("
                     "(?:<tool_call>"
                     "|<function"
                     "|(?:```(?:json|xml)?\n\\s*)?(?:<function_call>|<tools>|<xml><json>|<response>)?"
@@ -2059,6 +2265,121 @@ static void common_chat_parse_granite(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
     }
 }
 
+static void common_chat_parse_nemotron_v2(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    // Parse thinking tags
+    builder.try_parse_reasoning("<think>", "</think>");
+    if (!builder.syntax().parse_tool_calls) {
+        builder.add_content(builder.consume_rest());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Look for tool calls
+    static const common_regex tool_call_regex(regex_escape("<TOOLCALL>"));
+    if (auto res = builder.try_find_regex(tool_call_regex)) {
+        builder.move_to(res->groups[0].end);
+
+        // Expect JSON array of tool calls
+        auto tool_calls_data = builder.consume_json();
+        if (tool_calls_data.json.is_array()) {
+            if (!builder.try_consume_literal("</TOOLCALL>")) {
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+            }
+            builder.add_tool_calls(tool_calls_data.json);
+        } else {
+            throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+        }
+    }
+    builder.add_content(builder.consume_rest());
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_seed_oss(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    // Parse thinking tags first - this handles the main reasoning content
+    builder.try_parse_reasoning("<seed:think>", "</seed:think>");
+
+    if (!builder.syntax().parse_tool_calls) {
+        builder.add_content(builder.consume_rest());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    // Parse tool calls - Seed-OSS uses <seed:tool_call> format
+    static const common_regex tool_call_begin_regex("<seed:tool_call>");
+    static const common_regex tool_call_end_regex("</seed:tool_call>");
+    static const common_regex function_regex("<function=([^>]+)>");
+    static const common_regex param_regex("<parameter=([^>]+)>");
+
+    while (auto tool_res = builder.try_find_regex(tool_call_begin_regex)) {
+        builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after <seed:tool_call>
+
+        // Look for function call inside tool call, ignore any content before it
+        if (auto func_res = builder.try_find_regex(function_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
+            auto function_name = builder.str(func_res->groups[1]);
+
+            // Parse Seed-OSS parameters <parameter=name>value</parameter>
+            json args = json::object();
+            // Parse all parameters
+            while (auto param_res = builder.try_find_regex(param_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
+                // again, ignore noise around parameters
+                auto param_name = builder.str(param_res->groups[1]);
+                builder.move_to(param_res->groups[0].end);
+                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after parameter
+                auto savedPos = builder.pos();
+                if (auto param_parse = builder.try_find_literal("</parameter>")) {
+                    auto param = param_parse->prelude;
+                    builder.move_to(savedPos);
+                    try {
+                        if (auto param_res = builder.try_consume_json()) {
+                            args[param_name] = param_res->json;
+                        } else {
+                            args[param_name] = param;
+                        }
+                    } catch (json::exception &) {
+                        args[param_name] = param;
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool parameter");
+                }
+            }
+            // Look for closing function tag
+            auto end_func = builder.try_find_literal("</function>");
+            if (end_func) {
+                builder.move_to(end_func->groups[0].end);
+                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after </function>
+
+                // Add the tool call with parsed arguments, but only if we REALLY got the literal
+                auto eaten_fragment = builder.input().substr(end_func->groups[0].begin, end_func->groups[0].end);
+                auto funlen = std::string("</function>").length();
+                if (eaten_fragment.length() >= funlen && eaten_fragment.substr(0, funlen) == std::string("</function>")) {
+                    if (!builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", args.dump())) {
+                        throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+                }
+            } else {
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+            }
+            // Look for closing tool call tag
+            if (auto end_tool = builder.try_find_regex(tool_call_end_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
+                builder.move_to(end_tool->groups[0].end);
+                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume trailing whitespace after tool call
+            } else {
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
+            }
+        } else {
+            // No function found - don't consume content here, let it be handled at the end
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Consume any remaining whitespace after all tool call processing
+    builder.consume_spaces();
+    auto remaining = builder.consume_rest();
+    // If there's any non-whitespace content remaining, add it as content
+    if (!string_strip(remaining).empty()) {
+        builder.add_content(remaining);
+    }
+}
+
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
     data.prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
@@ -2075,8 +2396,62 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_cha
     return data;
 }
 
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_seed_oss(
+    const common_chat_template         & tmpl,
+    templates_params                   & params,
+    const common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
+{
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS;
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<seed:think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            data.prompt += "</seed:think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+        data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            foreach_function(params.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function   = tool.at("function");
+                std::string  name       = function.at("name");
+                auto         parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+                // Create rule for Seed-OSS function call format
+                std::string param_rules;
+                if (parameters.contains("properties")) {
+                    for (const auto & [key, value] : parameters.at("properties").items()) {
+                        param_rules += "\"<parameter=" + key + ">\"" + builder.add_schema(name + "-arg-" + key, value) +
+                                       "\"</parameter>\"";
+                    }
+                }
+
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                                                      "\"<seed:tool_call>\" space \"<function=" + name + ">\" space " +
+                                                          param_rules +
+                                                          " \"</function>\" space \"</seed:tool_call>\""));
+            });
+
+            data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, "<seed:tool_call>" });
+
+            data.preserved_tokens = {
+                "<seed:think>", "</seed:think>", "<seed:tool_call>", "</seed:tool_call>",
+                "<function=",   "</function>",   "<parameter=",      "</parameter>",
+            };
+
+            builder.add_rule("root", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+        });
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
 static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
-    const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
+    const struct common_chat_templates        * tmpls,
     const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
 {
     templates_params params;
@@ -2120,6 +2495,12 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
         }
     }
 
+    // DeepSeek V3.1: detect based on specific patterns in the template
+    if (src.find("message['prefix'] is defined and message['prefix'] and thinking") != std::string::npos &&
+        params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_deepseek_v3_1(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
     // DeepSeek R1: use handler in all cases except json schema (thinking / tools).
     if (src.find("<｜tool▁calls▁begin｜>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
         return common_chat_params_init_deepseek_r1(tmpl, params);
@@ -2145,6 +2526,16 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
         return common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(tmpl, params);
     }
 
+    // Seed-OSS
+    if (src.find("<seed:think>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_seed_oss(tmpl, params, inputs);
+    }
+
+    // Nemotron v2
+    if (src.find("<SPECIAL_10>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_nemotron_v2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
     // Use generic handler when mixing tools + JSON schema.
     // TODO: support that mix in handlers below.
     if ((params.tools.is_array() && params.json_schema.is_object())) {
@@ -2282,6 +2673,9 @@ static void common_chat_parse(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_R1:
             common_chat_parse_deepseek_r1(builder);
             break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_V3_1:
+            common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1(builder);
+            break;
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2:
             common_chat_parse_functionary_v3_2(builder);
             break;
@@ -2303,6 +2697,12 @@ static void common_chat_parse(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS:
             common_chat_parse_gpt_oss(builder);
             break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS:
+            common_chat_parse_seed_oss(builder);
+            break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2:
+            common_chat_parse_nemotron_v2(builder);
+            break;
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Unsupported format: ") + common_chat_format_name(builder.syntax().format));
     }

common/chat.h

@@ -107,10 +107,13 @@ enum common_chat_format {
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FIREFUNCTION_V2,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_2,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_FUNCTIONARY_V3_1_LLAMA_3_1,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK_V3_1,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_HERMES_2_PRO,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COMMAND_R7B,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GRANITE,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GPT_OSS,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_SEED_OSS,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2,
 
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COUNT, // Not a format, just the # formats
 };
@@ -197,6 +200,8 @@ common_chat_msg           common_chat_parse(const std::string & input, bool is_p
 
 common_chat_tool_choice common_chat_tool_choice_parse_oaicompat(const std::string & tool_choice);
 
+bool common_chat_templates_support_enable_thinking(const common_chat_templates * chat_templates);
+
 // Parses a JSON array of messages in OpenAI's chat completion API format.
 // T can be std::string containing JSON or nlohmann::ordered_json
 template <class T> std::vector<common_chat_msg> common_chat_msgs_parse_oaicompat(const T & messages);

common/common.cpp

@@ -901,7 +901,8 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
 
     llama_model * model = llama_model_load_from_file(params.model.path.c_str(), mparams);
     if (model == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to load model '%s', try reducing --n-gpu-layers if you're running out of VRAM\n",
+            __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
         return iparams;
     }
 
@@ -911,7 +912,8 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
 
     llama_context * lctx = llama_init_from_model(model, cparams);
     if (lctx == NULL) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create context with model '%s'\n", __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
+        LOG_ERR("%s: failed to create context with model '%s', try reducing --n-gpu-layers if you're running out of VRAM\n",
+            __func__, params.model.path.c_str());
         llama_model_free(model);
         return iparams;
     }
@@ -988,7 +990,12 @@ struct common_init_result common_init_from_params(common_params & params) {
             return iparams;
         }
 
+        char buf[1024];
         la.ptr = lora.get();
+        llama_adapter_meta_val_str(la.ptr, "adapter.lora.task_name", buf, sizeof(buf));
+        la.task_name = buf;
+        llama_adapter_meta_val_str(la.ptr, "adapter.lora.prompt_prefix", buf, sizeof(buf));
+        la.prompt_prefix = buf;
         iparams.lora.emplace_back(std::move(lora)); // copy to list of loaded adapters
     }
 
@@ -1152,10 +1159,10 @@ struct llama_context_params common_context_params_to_llama(const common_params &
     cparams.yarn_orig_ctx     = params.yarn_orig_ctx;
     cparams.pooling_type      = params.pooling_type;
     cparams.attention_type    = params.attention_type;
+    cparams.flash_attn_type   = params.flash_attn_type;
     cparams.cb_eval           = params.cb_eval;
     cparams.cb_eval_user_data = params.cb_eval_user_data;
     cparams.offload_kqv       = !params.no_kv_offload;
-    cparams.flash_attn        = params.flash_attn;
     cparams.no_perf           = params.no_perf;
     cparams.op_offload        = !params.no_op_offload;
     cparams.swa_full          = params.swa_full;

common/common.h

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ struct common_adapter_lora_info {
     std::string path;
     float scale;
 
+    std::string task_name;
+    std::string prompt_prefix;
+
     struct llama_adapter_lora * ptr;
 };
 
@@ -309,6 +312,7 @@ struct common_params {
     enum llama_rope_scaling_type rope_scaling_type = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED;
     enum llama_pooling_type      pooling_type      = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // pooling type for embeddings
     enum llama_attention_type    attention_type    = LLAMA_ATTENTION_TYPE_UNSPECIFIED; // attention type for embeddings
+    enum llama_flash_attn_type   flash_attn_type   = LLAMA_FLASH_ATTN_TYPE_AUTO; // whether to use Flash Attention
 
     struct common_params_sampling    sampling;
     struct common_params_speculative speculative;
@@ -372,7 +376,6 @@ struct common_params {
     bool multiline_input   = false; // reverse the usage of `\`
     bool simple_io         = false; // improves compatibility with subprocesses and limited consoles
     bool cont_batching     = true;  // insert new sequences for decoding on-the-fly
-    bool flash_attn        = false; // flash attention
     bool no_perf           = false; // disable performance metrics
     bool ctx_shift         = false;  // context shift on infinite text generation
     bool swa_full          = false; // use full-size SWA cache (https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/13194#issuecomment-2868343055)
@@ -441,7 +444,7 @@ struct common_params {
 
     // "advanced" endpoints are disabled by default for better security
     bool webui            = true;
-    bool endpoint_slots   = false;
+    bool endpoint_slots   = true;
     bool endpoint_props   = false; // only control POST requests, not GET
     bool endpoint_metrics = false;
 

common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp

@@ -843,9 +843,10 @@ public:
                 _build_object_rule(
                     properties, required, name,
                     schema.contains("additionalProperties") ? schema["additionalProperties"] : json()));
-        } else if ((schema_type.is_null() || schema_type == "object") && schema.contains("allOf")) {
+        } else if ((schema_type.is_null() || schema_type == "object" || schema_type == "string") && schema.contains("allOf")) {
             std::unordered_set<std::string> required;
             std::vector<std::pair<std::string, json>> properties;
+            std::map<std::string, size_t> enum_values;
             std::string hybrid_name = name;
             std::function<void(const json &, bool)> add_component = [&](const json & comp_schema, bool is_required) {
                 if (comp_schema.contains("$ref")) {
@@ -857,6 +858,14 @@ public:
                             required.insert(prop.key());
                         }
                     }
+                } else if (comp_schema.contains("enum")) {
+                    for (const auto & v : comp_schema["enum"]) {
+                        const auto rule = _generate_constant_rule(v);
+                        if (enum_values.find(rule) == enum_values.end()) {
+                            enum_values[rule] = 0;
+                        }
+                        enum_values[rule] += 1;
+                    }
                 } else {
                   // todo warning
                 }
@@ -870,6 +879,17 @@ public:
                     add_component(t, true);
                 }
             }
+            if (!enum_values.empty()) {
+                std::vector<std::string> enum_intersection;
+                for (const auto & p : enum_values) {
+                    if (p.second == schema["allOf"].size()) {
+                        enum_intersection.push_back(p.first);
+                    }
+                }
+                if (!enum_intersection.empty()) {
+                    return _add_rule(rule_name, "(" + string_join(enum_intersection, " | ") + ") space");
+                }
+            }
             return _add_rule(rule_name, _build_object_rule(properties, required, hybrid_name, json()));
         } else if ((schema_type.is_null() || schema_type == "array") && (schema.contains("items") || schema.contains("prefixItems"))) {
             json items = schema.contains("items") ? schema["items"] : schema["prefixItems"];

common/log.cpp

@@ -4,17 +4,52 @@
 #include <condition_variable>
 #include <cstdarg>
 #include <cstdio>
+#include <cstdlib>
+#include <cstring>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
 
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#    include <io.h>
+#    include <windows.h>
+#    define isatty _isatty
+#    define fileno _fileno
+#else
+#    include <unistd.h>
+#endif // defined(_WIN32)
+
 int common_log_verbosity_thold = LOG_DEFAULT_LLAMA;
 
 void common_log_set_verbosity_thold(int verbosity) {
     common_log_verbosity_thold = verbosity;
 }
 
+// Auto-detect if colors should be enabled based on terminal and environment
+static bool common_log_should_use_colors_auto() {
+    // Check NO_COLOR environment variable (https://no-color.org/)
+    if (const char * no_color = std::getenv("NO_COLOR")) {
+        if (no_color[0] != '\0') {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check TERM environment variable
+    if (const char * term = std::getenv("TERM")) {
+        if (std::strcmp(term, "dumb") == 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Check if stdout and stderr are connected to a terminal
+    // We check both because log messages can go to either
+    bool stdout_is_tty = isatty(fileno(stdout));
+    bool stderr_is_tty = isatty(fileno(stderr));
+
+    return stdout_is_tty || stderr_is_tty;
+}
+
 static int64_t t_us() {
     return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(std::chrono::system_clock::now().time_since_epoch()).count();
 }
@@ -353,6 +388,11 @@ struct common_log * common_log_init() {
 
 struct common_log * common_log_main() {
     static struct common_log log;
+    static std::once_flag    init_flag;
+    std::call_once(init_flag, [&]() {
+        // Set default to auto-detect colors
+        log.set_colors(common_log_should_use_colors_auto());
+    });
 
     return &log;
 }
@@ -380,8 +420,19 @@ void common_log_set_file(struct common_log * log, const char * file) {
     log->set_file(file);
 }
 
-void common_log_set_colors(struct common_log * log, bool colors) {
-    log->set_colors(colors);
+void common_log_set_colors(struct common_log * log, log_colors colors) {
+    if (colors == LOG_COLORS_AUTO) {
+        log->set_colors(common_log_should_use_colors_auto());
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (colors == LOG_COLORS_DISABLED) {
+        log->set_colors(false);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(colors == LOG_COLORS_ENABLED);
+    log->set_colors(true);
 }
 
 void common_log_set_prefix(struct common_log * log, bool prefix) {

common/log.h

@@ -24,6 +24,12 @@
 #define LOG_DEFAULT_DEBUG 1
 #define LOG_DEFAULT_LLAMA 0
 
+enum log_colors {
+    LOG_COLORS_AUTO     = -1,
+    LOG_COLORS_DISABLED = 0,
+    LOG_COLORS_ENABLED  = 1,
+};
+
 // needed by the LOG_TMPL macro to avoid computing log arguments if the verbosity lower
 // set via common_log_set_verbosity()
 extern int common_log_verbosity_thold;
@@ -65,10 +71,10 @@ void common_log_add(struct common_log * log, enum ggml_log_level level, const ch
 // D - debug   (stderr, V = LOG_DEFAULT_DEBUG)
 //
 
-void common_log_set_file      (struct common_log * log, const char * file);       // not thread-safe
-void common_log_set_colors    (struct common_log * log,       bool   colors);     // not thread-safe
-void common_log_set_prefix    (struct common_log * log,       bool   prefix);     // whether to output prefix to each log
-void common_log_set_timestamps(struct common_log * log,       bool   timestamps); // whether to output timestamps in the prefix
+void common_log_set_file      (struct common_log * log, const char * file); // not thread-safe
+void common_log_set_colors    (struct common_log * log, log_colors colors); // not thread-safe
+void common_log_set_prefix    (struct common_log * log, bool prefix);       // whether to output prefix to each log
+void common_log_set_timestamps(struct common_log * log, bool timestamps);   // whether to output timestamps in the prefix
 
 // helper macros for logging
 // use these to avoid computing log arguments if the verbosity of the log is higher than the threshold

common/sampling.cpp

@@ -426,8 +426,29 @@ uint32_t common_sampler_get_seed(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {
 
 // helpers
 
-llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {
-    return &gsmpl->cur_p;
+llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, bool do_sort) {
+    auto * res = &gsmpl->cur_p;
+
+    if (do_sort && !res->sorted) {
+        // remember the selected token before sorting
+        const llama_token id = res->data[res->selected].id;
+
+        std::sort(res->data, res->data + res->size, [](const llama_token_data & a, const llama_token_data & b) {
+            return a.p > b.p;
+        });
+
+        // restore the selected token after sorting
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < res->size; ++i) {
+            if (res->data[i].id == id) {
+                res->selected = i;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        res->sorted = true;
+    }
+
+    return res;
 }
 
 llama_token common_sampler_last(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {

common/sampling.h

@@ -86,7 +86,9 @@ uint32_t common_sampler_get_seed(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
 // helpers
 
 // access the internal list of current candidate tokens
-llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl);
+// if do_sort == true, the candidates are guaranteed to be sorted afterwards (in descending order of probability)
+// the .sorted flag of the result indicates whether the returned candidates are sorted
+llama_token_data_array * common_sampler_get_candidates(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, bool do_sort);
 
 // get the last accepted token
 llama_token common_sampler_last(const struct common_sampler * gsmpl);

common/speculative.cpp

@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ llama_tokens common_speculative_gen_draft(
 
         common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx_dft, 0, true);
 
-        const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl);
+        const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl, true);
 
         for (int k = 0; k < std::min(3, (int) cur_p->size); ++k) {
             LOG_DBG(" - draft candidate %3d, pos %3d: %6d (%8.3f) '%s'\n",

convert_hf_to_gguf.py

@@ -72,6 +72,7 @@ class ModelBase:
     endianess: gguf.GGUFEndian
     use_temp_file: bool
     lazy: bool
+    dry_run: bool
     part_names: list[str]
     is_safetensors: bool
     hparams: dict[str, Any]
@@ -111,6 +112,7 @@ class ModelBase:
         self.endianess = gguf.GGUFEndian.BIG if is_big_endian else gguf.GGUFEndian.LITTLE
         self.use_temp_file = use_temp_file
         self.lazy = not eager or (remote_hf_model_id is not None)
+        self.dry_run = dry_run
         self.remote_hf_model_id = remote_hf_model_id
         if remote_hf_model_id is not None:
             self.is_safetensors = True
@@ -300,10 +302,6 @@ class ModelBase:
                 # data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
                 data = data_torch.numpy()
 
-                # if data ends up empty, it means data_torch was a scalar tensor -> restore
-                if len(data.shape) == 0:
-                    data = data_torch.numpy()
-
                 n_dims = len(data.shape)
                 data_qtype: gguf.GGMLQuantizationType | bool = self.tensor_force_quant(name, new_name, bid, n_dims)
 
@@ -1216,6 +1214,55 @@ class TextModel(ModelBase):
                 raise NotImplementedError("Only MEAN, CLS, and LAST pooling types supported")
             self.gguf_writer.add_pooling_type(pooling_type)
 
+    def _set_vocab_interns1(self):
+        tokens: list[str] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(self.dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
+        vocab = getattr(tokenizer, 'vocab', tokenizer.get_vocab())
+        vocab_size = self.hparams.get("vocab_size", len(vocab))
+        assert max(vocab.values()) < vocab_size
+
+        tokpre = self.get_vocab_base_pre(tokenizer)
+
+        reverse_vocab = {id_: encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in vocab.items()}
+        added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
+
+        added_tokens_decoder = tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder
+
+        for i in range(vocab_size):
+            if i not in reverse_vocab:
+                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.UNUSED)
+            else:
+                token: str = reverse_vocab[i]
+                if token in added_vocab:
+                    # The tokenizer in llama.cpp assumes the CONTROL and USER_DEFINED tokens are pre-normalized.
+                    # To avoid unexpected issues - we make sure to normalize non-normalized tokens
+                    if not added_tokens_decoder[i].normalized:
+                        previous_token = token
+                        token = tokenizer.decode(tokenizer.encode(token, add_special_tokens=False))
+                        if previous_token != token:
+                            logger.info(f"{repr(previous_token)} is encoded and decoded back to {repr(token)} using AutoTokenizer")
+
+                    if added_tokens_decoder[i].special or self.does_token_look_special(token):
+                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
+                    else:
+                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+                else:
+                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+                tokens.append(token)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, load_merges=True)
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("bos", 151643)
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+
 
 class MmprojModel(ModelBase):
     model_type = ModelType.MMPROJ
@@ -2932,7 +2979,8 @@ class Qwen2Model(TextModel):
         if "language_model." in name:
             name = name.replace("language_model.", "") # for InternVL
         if name.startswith("mlp") or name.startswith("multi_modal_projector") \
-                or name.startswith("vision_model") or name.startswith("audio_tower"):
+                or name.startswith("vision_model") or name.startswith("audio_tower") \
+                or name.startswith("model.vision_tower") or name.startswith("model.multi_modal_projector"):
             # skip vision and audio tensors
             return []
         yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
@@ -3109,7 +3157,7 @@ class LLaDAModel(TextModel):
         yield from super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
 
 
-@ModelBase.register("Ernie4_5_ForCausalLM")
+@ModelBase.register("Ernie4_5_ForCausalLM", "Ernie4_5ForCausalLM")
 class Ernie4_5Model(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.ERNIE4_5
 
@@ -3604,6 +3652,19 @@ class Qwen2MoeModel(TextModel):
 class Qwen3Model(Qwen2Model):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN3
 
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        hparams = ModelBase.load_hparams(self.dir_model, is_mistral_format=False)
+        self.origin_hf_arch = hparams.get('architectures', [None])[0]
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        # deal with intern-s1-mini
+        if self.origin_hf_arch == 'InternS1ForConditionalGeneration':
+            self._set_vocab_interns1()
+            return
+
+        super().set_vocab()
+
 
 @ModelBase.register("Qwen3MoeForCausalLM")
 class Qwen3MoeModel(Qwen2MoeModel):
@@ -3620,73 +3681,7 @@ class Qwen3MoeModel(Qwen2MoeModel):
             self._set_vocab_interns1()
             return
 
-        try:
-            self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
-        except FileNotFoundError:
-            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
-
-    def _set_vocab_interns1(self):
-        tokens: list[str] = []
-        toktypes: list[int] = []
-
-        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
-        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(self.dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
-        vocab = getattr(tokenizer, 'vocab', tokenizer.get_vocab())
-        vocab_size = self.hparams.get("vocab_size", len(vocab))
-        assert max(vocab.values()) < vocab_size
-
-        tokpre = self.get_vocab_base_pre(tokenizer)
-
-        reverse_vocab = {id_: encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in vocab.items()}
-        added_vocab = tokenizer.get_added_vocab()
-
-        added_tokens_decoder = tokenizer.added_tokens_decoder
-
-        for i in range(vocab_size):
-            if i not in reverse_vocab:
-                tokens.append(f"[PAD{i}]")
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.UNUSED)
-            else:
-                token: str = reverse_vocab[i]
-                if token in added_vocab:
-                    # The tokenizer in llama.cpp assumes the CONTROL and USER_DEFINED tokens are pre-normalized.
-                    # To avoid unexpected issues - we make sure to normalize non-normalized tokens
-                    if not added_tokens_decoder[i].normalized:
-                        previous_token = token
-                        token = tokenizer.decode(tokenizer.encode(token, add_special_tokens=False))
-                        if previous_token != token:
-                            logger.info(f"{repr(previous_token)} is encoded and decoded back to {repr(token)} using AutoTokenizer")
-
-                    if added_tokens_decoder[i].special or self.does_token_look_special(token):
-                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
-                    else:
-                        toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
-                else:
-                    toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
-                tokens.append(token)
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_pre(tokpre)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
-
-        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, load_merges=True)
-        special_tokens_map_file = self.dir_model / 'special_tokens_map.json'
-        additional_special_tokens = []
-        if special_tokens_map_file.is_file():
-            with open(special_tokens_map_file, encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
-                additional_special_tokens = json.load(f).get('additional_special_tokens', [])
-        tokenizer_cfg_file = self.dir_model / 'special_tokens_map.json'
-        if tokenizer_cfg_file.is_file():
-            with open(tokenizer_cfg_file, encoding = 'utf-8') as f:
-                added_tokens_decoder = json.load(f).get('added_tokens_decoder', {})
-                token2ids_map = {data['content'] : int(token) for token, data in added_tokens_decoder.items() if data['special']}
-                for token in additional_special_tokens:
-                    if token in token2ids_map:
-                        special_vocab._set_special_token(token, token2ids_map[token])
-        special_vocab._set_special_token('eos', 151645)
-        special_vocab._set_special_token("bos", 151643)
-        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
+        super().set_vocab()
 
 
 @ModelBase.register("GPT2LMHeadModel")
@@ -4874,11 +4869,35 @@ class NeoBert(BertModel):
 @ModelBase.register("XLMRobertaModel", "XLMRobertaForSequenceClassification")
 class XLMRobertaModel(BertModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BERT
+    _lora_files = {}
+    _lora_names = []
 
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+    def __init__(self, dir_model: Path, ftype: gguf.LlamaFileType, fname_out: Path, **kwargs: Any):
+        hparams = kwargs.pop("hparams", None)
+        if hparams is None:
+            hparams = ModelBase.load_hparams(dir_model, False)
+
+        if lora_names := hparams.get("lora_adaptations"):
+            self._lora_names = lora_names
+            self.model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.JINA_BERT_V3
+
+        super().__init__(dir_model, ftype, fname_out, hparams=hparams, **kwargs)
         self._xlmroberta_tokenizer_init()
 
+    def generate_extra_tensors(self) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        if self._lora_names:
+            for name in self._lora_names:
+                fname = self.add_prefix_to_filename(self.fname_out, f"lora-{name}-")
+                self._lora_files[name] = gguf.GGUFWriter(fname, arch=gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES[self.model_arch], endianess=self.endianess, use_temp_file=self.use_temp_file, dry_run=self.dry_run)
+
+        return super().generate_extra_tensors()
+
+    def set_type(self):
+        for lora_writer in self._lora_files.values():
+            lora_writer.add_type(gguf.GGUFType.ADAPTER)
+            lora_writer.add_string(gguf.Keys.Adapter.TYPE, "lora")
+        super().set_type()
+
     def set_vocab(self):
         self._xlmroberta_set_vocab()
 
@@ -4888,13 +4907,62 @@ class XLMRobertaModel(BertModel):
         if name.startswith("roberta."):
             name = name[8:]
 
+        # jina-embeddings-v3
+        if ".parametrizations." in name:
+            name = name.replace(".parametrizations.", ".")
+            if name.endswith(".original"):
+                name = name[:-9]
+
         # position embeddings start at pad_token_id + 1, so just chop down the weight tensor
         if name == "embeddings.position_embeddings.weight":
             if self._position_offset is not None:
                 data_torch = data_torch[self._position_offset:,:]
 
+        if name.endswith(".0.lora_A") or name.endswith(".0.lora_B"):
+            if name.startswith("pooler.dense"):
+                return []
+
+            num_loras = data_torch.size(0)
+            assert num_loras == len(self._lora_names)
+
+            # Split out each LoRA in their own GGUF
+            for i, lora_writer in enumerate(self._lora_files.values()):
+                new_name = self.map_tensor_name(name[:-9]) + name[-7:].lower()
+                data = data_torch[i, :, :]
+                # Transpose/flip token_embd/types into correct shape
+                if new_name == "token_embd.weight.lora_b":
+                    data = data.T
+                elif new_name.startswith("token_types.weight."):
+                    new_name = new_name[:-1] + ("a" if new_name[-1:] == "b" else "b")
+                lora_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data.float().numpy(), raw_dtype=gguf.GGMLQuantizationType.F32)
+
+            return []
+
         return super().modify_tensors(data_torch, name, bid)
 
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        # jina-embeddings-v3
+        if rotary_emb_base := self.hparams.get("rotary_emb_base"):
+            self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(rotary_emb_base)
+        lora_alpha = self.hparams.get("lora_alpha")
+        if lora_prompt_prefixes := self.hparams.get("task_instructions"):
+            assert self._lora_files and all(lora_name in lora_prompt_prefixes for lora_name in self._lora_files.keys())
+        for lora_name, lora_writer in self._lora_files.items():
+            lora_writer.add_float32(gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_ALPHA, lora_alpha if lora_alpha is not None else 1.0)
+            lora_writer.add_string(gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_TASK_NAME, lora_name)
+            if lora_prompt_prefixes:
+                lora_writer.add_string(gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_PROMPT_PREFIX, lora_prompt_prefixes[lora_name])
+
+    def write(self):
+        super().write()
+        for lora_writer in self._lora_files.values():
+            lora_writer.write_header_to_file()
+            lora_writer.write_kv_data_to_file()
+            lora_writer.write_tensors_to_file(progress=True)
+            lora_writer.close()
+
 
 @ModelBase.register("GemmaForCausalLM")
 class GemmaModel(TextModel):
@@ -5054,6 +5122,29 @@ class Gemma3Model(TextModel):
         return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
 
 
+@ModelBase.register("Gemma3TextModel")
+class EmbeddingGemma(Gemma3Model):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.GEMMA_EMBEDDING
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        # Override the sliding window size as it gets adjusted by the Gemma3TextConfig
+        # constructor. We want to use the value from the original model's config.json.
+        # ref: https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/40700
+        with open(self.dir_model / "config.json", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            config = json.load(f)
+            orig_sliding_window = config.get("sliding_window")
+            if orig_sliding_window is None:
+                raise ValueError("sliding_window not found in model config - this is required for the model")
+
+            logger.info(f"Using original sliding_window from config: {orig_sliding_window} "
+                        f"instead of {self.hparams['sliding_window']}")
+            self.gguf_writer.add_sliding_window(orig_sliding_window)
+
+        self._try_set_pooling_type()
+
+
 @ModelBase.register("Gemma3ForConditionalGeneration")
 class Gemma3VisionModel(MmprojModel):
     def set_gguf_parameters(self):
@@ -5854,6 +5945,11 @@ class OlmoModel(TextModel):
         return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
 
 
+@ModelBase.register("SeedOssForCausalLM")
+class SeedOssModel(TextModel):
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.SEED_OSS
+
+
 @ModelBase.register("Olmo2ForCausalLM")
 class Olmo2Model(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.OLMO2
@@ -6252,9 +6348,11 @@ class DeepseekModel(TextModel):
                 raise ValueError(f"Unprocessed experts: {experts}")
 
 
-@ModelBase.register("DeepseekV2ForCausalLM")
-@ModelBase.register("DeepseekV3ForCausalLM")
-@ModelBase.register("KimiVLForConditionalGeneration")
+@ModelBase.register(
+    "DeepseekV2ForCausalLM",
+    "DeepseekV3ForCausalLM",
+    "KimiVLForConditionalGeneration",
+)
 class DeepseekV2Model(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.DEEPSEEK2
 
@@ -7467,9 +7565,13 @@ class GraniteHybridModel(Mamba2Model, GraniteMoeModel):
         ]
 
         # n_group and d_inner are used during reshape_tensors for mamba2
-        self.d_model = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "d_model"])
-        self.n_group = self.find_hparam(["n_groups"])
-        self.d_inner = self.find_hparam(["expand"]) * self.d_model
+        # NOTE: Explicitly include hparam prefix prefix for d_model to
+        #   disambiguate with top-level head_dim
+        # NOTE 2: If needed for future models, this can be isolated in a method
+        #   to separate the prefix setting and teh keys used
+        self.d_model = self.find_hparam([f"{self.hparam_prefixes[0]}_head_dim", "hidden_size", "d_model"])
+        self.n_group = self.find_hparam(["n_groups", "num_groups"])
+        self.d_inner = self.find_hparam(["expand", "num_heads"]) * self.d_model
 
     def get_attn_layers(self):
         # Explicit list of layer type names
@@ -7530,12 +7632,12 @@ class GraniteHybridModel(Mamba2Model, GraniteMoeModel):
 
         ## Mamba mixer params ##
         self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_conv_kernel(self.find_hparam(["conv_kernel", "d_conv"]))
-        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_state_size(self.find_hparam(["state_size", "d_state"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_state_size(self.find_hparam(["state_size", "d_state", "state_dim", "ssm_state_size"]))
         self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_group_count(self.n_group)
         self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_inner_size(self.d_inner)
         # NOTE: The mamba_dt_rank is _not_ the right field for how this is used
         #   in llama.cpp
-        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_time_step_rank(self.find_hparam(["n_heads"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_ssm_time_step_rank(self.find_hparam(["n_heads", "num_heads"]))
 
         ## Attention params ##
         head_count_kv = self.find_hparam(["num_key_value_heads", "n_head_kv"])
@@ -7562,6 +7664,55 @@ class GraniteHybridModel(Mamba2Model, GraniteMoeModel):
         Mamba2Model.set_vocab(self)
 
 
+@ModelBase.register("NemotronHForCausalLM")
+class NemotronHModel(GraniteHybridModel):
+    """Hybrid mamba2/attention model from NVIDIA"""
+    model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.NEMOTRON_H
+
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+
+        # Save the top-level head_dim for later
+        self.head_dim = self.hparams.get("head_dim", self.hparams.get("attention_head_dim"))
+        assert self.head_dim is not None, "Could not find the attention head dim in config"
+
+        # Don't use expand to calculate d_inner
+        self.d_inner = self.find_hparam(["num_heads"]) * self.d_model
+
+        # Update the ssm / attn / mlp layers
+        # M: Mamba2, *: Attention, -: MLP
+        hybrid_override_pattern = self.hparams["hybrid_override_pattern"]
+        self._ssm_layers = [i for i, val in enumerate(hybrid_override_pattern) if val == "M"]
+        self._mlp_layers = [i for i, val in enumerate(hybrid_override_pattern) if val == "-"]
+
+    def get_attn_layers(self):
+        hybrid_override_pattern = self.hparams["hybrid_override_pattern"]
+        assert len(hybrid_override_pattern) == self.block_count, "Mismatch between hybrid override and num_hidden_layers!"
+        return [i for i, val in enumerate(hybrid_override_pattern) if val == "*"]
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_key_length(self.head_dim)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_value_length(self.head_dim)
+
+        # Set feed_forward_length
+        # NOTE: This will trigger an override warning. This is preferrable to
+        #   duplicating all the parent logic
+        n_ff = self.find_hparam(["intermediate_size", "n_inner", "hidden_dim"])
+        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length([
+            n_ff if i in self._mlp_layers else 0 for i in range(self.block_count)
+        ])
+
+    def set_vocab(self):
+        super().set_vocab()
+
+        # The tokenizer _does_ add a BOS token (via post_processor type
+        # TemplateProcessing) but does not set add_bos_token to true in the
+        # config, so we need to explicitly override it here.
+        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(True)
+
+
 @ModelBase.register("BailingMoeForCausalLM")
 class BailingMoeModel(TextModel):
     model_arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BAILINGMOE
@@ -8505,6 +8656,43 @@ class PixtralModel(LlavaVisionModel):
             return "mm.2.weight"
         return super().map_tensor_name(name, try_suffixes)
 
+
+@ModelBase.register("KimiVLForConditionalGeneration")
+class KimiVLModel(MmprojModel):
+    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
+        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
+        assert self.hparams_vision is not None
+        self.hparams_vision["image_size"] = 64 * 14 # for compatibility
+
+    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+        super().set_gguf_parameters()
+        self.gguf_writer.add_clip_projector_type(gguf.VisionProjectorType.KIMIVL)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_use_gelu(True)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_projector_scale_factor(2)
+        # eps is the same as pytorch's default value
+        assert self.hparams_vision is not None
+        self.gguf_writer.add_vision_attention_layernorm_eps(self.hparams_vision.get("layer_norm_eps", 1e-5))
+
+    def modify_tensors(self, data_torch: Tensor, name: str, bid: int | None) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
+        del bid  # unused
+        is_vision_tensor = "vision_tower" in name or "multi_modal_projector" in name
+
+        if is_vision_tensor:
+            if "pos_emb.weight" in name:
+                data_torch = data_torch.view(data_torch.shape[0] * data_torch.shape[1], data_torch.shape[2])
+            elif "wqkv" in name:
+                split_dim = 0 if "weight" in name else -1
+                wq, wk, wv = data_torch.chunk(3, dim=split_dim)
+                return [
+                    (self.map_tensor_name(name.replace("wqkv", "wq")), wq),
+                    (self.map_tensor_name(name.replace("wqkv", "wk")), wk),
+                    (self.map_tensor_name(name.replace("wqkv", "wv")), wv)
+                ]
+
+            return [(self.map_tensor_name(name), data_torch)]
+
+        return [] # skip other tensors
+
 ###### CONVERSION LOGIC ######
 
 

convert_lora_to_gguf.py

@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ import json
 from math import prod
 from pathlib import Path
 from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, Iterable, Iterator, Sequence, SupportsIndex, cast
-from transformers import AutoConfig
+from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoTokenizer
 
 import torch
 
@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ import gguf
 # reuse model definitions from convert_hf_to_gguf.py
 from convert_hf_to_gguf import LazyTorchTensor, ModelBase
 
+from gguf.constants import GGUFValueType
+
 logger = logging.getLogger("lora-to-gguf")
 
 
@@ -369,7 +371,31 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
                 self.gguf_writer.add_string(gguf.Keys.Adapter.TYPE, "lora")
 
             def set_gguf_parameters(self):
+                logger.debug("GGUF KV: %s = %d", gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_ALPHA, self.lora_alpha)
                 self.gguf_writer.add_float32(gguf.Keys.Adapter.LORA_ALPHA, self.lora_alpha)
+                alora_invocation_tokens = lparams.get("alora_invocation_tokens")
+                invocation_string = lparams.get("invocation_string")
+                if invocation_string and not alora_invocation_tokens:
+                    logger.debug("Tokenizing invocation_string -> alora_invocation_tokens")
+                    base_model_path_or_id = hparams.get("_name_or_path")
+                    try:
+                        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(base_model_path_or_id)
+                    except ValueError:
+                        logger.error("Unable to load tokenizer from %s", base_model_path_or_id)
+                        raise
+                    # NOTE: There's an off-by-one with the older aLoRAs where
+                    # the invocation string includes the "<|start_of_turn|>"
+                    # token, but the adapters themselves were trained to
+                    # activate _after_ that first token, so we drop it here.
+                    alora_invocation_tokens = tokenizer(invocation_string)["input_ids"][1:]
+                if alora_invocation_tokens:
+                    logger.debug("GGUF KV: %s = %s", gguf.Keys.Adapter.ALORA_INVOCATION_TOKENS, alora_invocation_tokens)
+                    self.gguf_writer.add_key_value(
+                        gguf.Keys.Adapter.ALORA_INVOCATION_TOKENS,
+                        alora_invocation_tokens,
+                        GGUFValueType.ARRAY,
+                        GGUFValueType.UINT32,
+                    )
 
             def generate_extra_tensors(self) -> Iterable[tuple[str, Tensor]]:
                 # Never add extra tensors (e.g. rope_freqs) for LoRA adapters

docs/backend/CANN.md

@@ -293,17 +293,14 @@ We would like to thank Tuo Dai, Shanni Li, and all of the project maintainers fr
 
 ## Environment variable setup
 
-### GGML_CANN_ASYNC_MODE
-
-Enables asynchronous operator submission. Disabled by default.
-
 ### GGML_CANN_MEM_POOL
 
-Specifies the memory pool management strategy:
+Specifies the memory pool management strategy, Default is vmm.
 
 - vmm: Utilizes a virtual memory manager pool. If hardware support for VMM is unavailable, falls back to the legacy (leg) memory pool.
 
 - prio: Employs a priority queue-based memory pool management.
+
 - leg: Uses a fixed-size buffer pool.
 
 ### GGML_CANN_DISABLE_BUF_POOL_CLEAN
@@ -312,5 +309,8 @@ Controls automatic cleanup of the memory pool. This option is only effective whe
 
 ### GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ
 
-Converting the matmul weight format from ND to NZ can significantly improve performance on the 310I DUO NPU.
+Converting the matmul weight format from ND to NZ to improve performance. Enabled by default.
 
+### GGML_CANN_ACL_GRAPH
+
+Operators are executed using ACL graph execution, rather than in op-by-op (eager) mode. Enabled by default.

docs/build-s390x.md

@@ -42,18 +42,6 @@ cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
     cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
     ```
 
--   By default, NNPA is disabled by default. To enable it:
-
-    ```bash
-    cmake -S . -B build             \
-        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release  \
-        -DGGML_BLAS=ON              \
-        -DGGML_BLAS_VENDOR=OpenBLAS \
-        -DGGML_NNPA=ON
-
-    cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
-    ```
-
 -   For debug builds:
 
     ```bash
@@ -164,15 +152,11 @@ All models need to be converted to Big-Endian. You can achieve this in three cas
 
 Only available in IBM z15/LinuxONE 3 or later system with the `-DGGML_VXE=ON` (turned on by default) compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z14/arch12. In such systems, the APIs can still run but will use a scalar implementation.
 
-### 2. NNPA Vector Intrinsics Acceleration
-
-Only available in IBM z16/LinuxONE 4 or later system with the `-DGGML_NNPA=ON` (turned off by default) compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z15/arch13. In such systems, the APIs can still run but will use a scalar implementation.
-
-### 3. zDNN Accelerator (WIP)
+### 2. zDNN Accelerator (WIP)
 
 Only available in IBM z17/LinuxONE 5 or later system with the `-DGGML_ZDNN=ON` compile flag. No hardware acceleration is possible with llama.cpp with older systems, such as IBM z15/arch13. In such systems, the APIs will default back to CPU routines.
 
-### 4. Spyre Accelerator
+### 3. Spyre Accelerator
 
 _Only available with IBM z17 / LinuxONE 5 or later system. No support currently available._
 
@@ -230,10 +214,6 @@ IBM VXE/VXE2 SIMD acceleration depends on the BLAS implementation. It is strongl
     CXXFLAGS="-include cstdint" pip3 install -r requirements.txt
     ```
 
-5. `-DGGML_NNPA=ON` generates gibberish output
-
-    Answer: We are aware of this as detailed in [this issue](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/14877). Please either try reducing the number of threads, or disable the compile option using `-DGGML_NNPA=OFF`.
-
 ## Getting Help on IBM Z & LinuxONE
 
 1. **Bugs, Feature Requests**
@@ -258,38 +238,38 @@ IBM VXE/VXE2 SIMD acceleration depends on the BLAS implementation. It is strongl
 
 ## Appendix B: SIMD Support Matrix
 
-|            | VX/VXE/VXE2 | NNPA | zDNN | Spyre |
-| ---------- | ----------- | ---- | ---- | ----- |
-| FP32       | ✅          | ✅   | ✅   | ❓    |
-| FP16       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| BF16       | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q4_0       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q4_1       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| MXFP4      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q5_0       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q5_1       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q8_0       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q2_K       | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q3_K       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q4_K       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q5_K       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| Q6_K       | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| TQ1_0      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| TQ2_0      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ2_XXS    | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ2_XS     | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ2_S      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ3_XXS    | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ3_S      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ1_S      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ1_M      | 🚫          | 🚫   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ4_NL     | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| IQ4_XS     | ✅          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| FP32->FP16 | 🚫          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
-| FP16->FP32 | 🚫          | ✅   | ❓   | ❓    |
+|            | VX/VXE/VXE2 | zDNN | Spyre |
+|------------|-------------|------|-------|
+| FP32       | ✅           | ✅    | ❓     |
+| FP16       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| BF16       | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q4_0       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q4_1       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| MXFP4      | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q5_0       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q5_1       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q8_0       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q2_K       | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q3_K       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q4_K       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q5_K       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| Q6_K       | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| TQ1_0      | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| TQ2_0      | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ2_XXS    | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ2_XS     | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ2_S      | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ3_XXS    | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ3_S      | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ1_S      | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ1_M      | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ4_NL     | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| IQ4_XS     | ✅           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| FP32->FP16 | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
+| FP16->FP32 | 🚫           | ❓    | ❓     |
 
 -   ✅ - acceleration available
 -   🚫 - acceleration unavailable, will still run using scalar implementation
 -   ❓ - acceleration unknown, please contribute if you can test it yourself
 
-Last Updated by **Aaron Teo (aaron.teo1@ibm.com)** on Aug 22, 2025.
+Last Updated by **Aaron Teo (aaron.teo1@ibm.com)** on Sep 6, 2025.

docs/build.md

@@ -59,8 +59,6 @@ cmake --build build --config Release
     cmake --preset arm64-windows-llvm-release -D GGML_OPENMP=OFF
     cmake --build build-arm64-windows-llvm-release
     ```
-    Building for arm64 can also be done with the MSVC compiler with the build-arm64-windows-MSVC preset, or the standard CMake build instructions. However, note that the MSVC compiler does not support inline ARM assembly code, used e.g. for the accelerated Q4_0_N_M CPU kernels.
-
     For building with ninja generator and clang compiler as default:
       -set path:set LIB=C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\um\x64;C:\Program Files\Microsoft Visual Studio\2022\Community\VC\Tools\MSVC\14.41.34120\lib\x64\uwp;C:\Program Files (x86)\Windows Kits\10\Lib\10.0.22621.0\ucrt\x64
       ```bash

docs/function-calling.md

@@ -21,6 +21,8 @@ Function calling is supported for all models (see https://github.com/ggml-org/ll
   - Use `--chat-template-file` to override the template when appropriate (see examples below)
   - Generic support may consume more tokens and be less efficient than a model's native format.
 
+- Multiple/parallel tool calling is supported on some models but disabled by default, enable it by passing `"parallel_tool_calls": true` in the completion endpoint payload.
+
 <details>
 <summary>Show some common templates and which format handler they use</summary>
 

docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.0.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Download [MiniCPM-V-4](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4) PyTorch model
 
 
 ### Build llama.cpp
-Readme modification time: 20250206
+Readme modification time: 20250731
 
 If there are differences in usage, please refer to the official build [documentation](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/build.md)
 

docs/multimodal/minicpmv4.5.md

@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+## MiniCPM-V 4.5
+
+### Prepare models and code
+
+Download [MiniCPM-V-4_5](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4_5) PyTorch model from huggingface to "MiniCPM-V-4_5" folder.
+
+
+### Build llama.cpp
+Readme modification time: 20250826
+
+If there are differences in usage, please refer to the official build [documentation](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/blob/master/docs/build.md)
+
+Clone llama.cpp:
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp
+cd llama.cpp
+```
+
+Build llama.cpp using `CMake`:
+```bash
+cmake -B build
+cmake --build build --config Release
+```
+
+
+### Usage of MiniCPM-V 4
+
+Convert PyTorch model to gguf files (You can also download the converted [gguf](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-V-4_5-gguf) by us)
+
+```bash
+python ./tools/mtmd/legacy-models/minicpmv-surgery.py -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5
+python ./tools/mtmd/legacy-models/minicpmv-convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5 --minicpmv-projector ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/minicpmv.projector --output-dir ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/ --minicpmv_version 6
+python ./convert_hf_to_gguf.py ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model
+
+# quantize int4 version
+./build/bin/llama-quantize ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf Q4_K_M
+```
+
+
+Inference on Linux or Mac
+```bash
+# run in single-turn mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf -c 4096 --temp 0.7 --top-p 0.8 --top-k 100 --repeat-penalty 1.05 --image xx.jpg -p "What is in the image?"
+
+# run in conversation mode
+./build/bin/llama-mtmd-cli -m ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/model/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj ../MiniCPM-V-4_5/mmproj-model-f16.gguf
+```

examples/convert-llama2c-to-ggml/convert-llama2c-to-ggml.cpp

@@ -333,17 +333,17 @@ static void print_params(struct my_llama_hparams * params) {
 }
 
 static void print_tensor_info(const struct ggml_context * ctx) {
-    for (auto t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != NULL; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
+    for (auto * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != NULL; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
         LOG_INF("%s: Allocating ", __func__);
         int64_t total = 1;
         int i = 0;
         for (; i < ggml_n_dims(t); ++i) {
-            if (i > 0) LOG("x ");
-            LOG("[%" PRId64 "] ", t->ne[i]);
+            if (i > 0) { LOG_INF("x "); }
+            LOG_INF("[%" PRId64 "] ", t->ne[i]);
             total *= t->ne[i];
         }
-        if (i > 1) LOG("= [%" PRId64 "] ", total);
-        LOG("float space for %s\n", ggml_get_name(t));
+        if (i > 1) { LOG_INF("= [%" PRId64 "] ", total); }
+        LOG_INF("float space for %s\n", ggml_get_name(t));
     }
 }
 

examples/diffusion/diffusion-cli.cpp

@@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     ctx_params.n_ctx                = params.n_ctx;
     ctx_params.n_batch              = params.n_batch;
     ctx_params.n_ubatch             = params.n_ubatch;
-    ctx_params.flash_attn           = params.flash_attn;
+    ctx_params.flash_attn_type      = params.flash_attn_type;
     ctx_params.no_perf              = params.no_perf;
     ctx_params.type_k               = params.cache_type_k;
     ctx_params.type_v               = params.cache_type_v;

examples/eval-callback/eval-callback.cpp

@@ -28,9 +28,51 @@ static std::string ggml_ne_string(const ggml_tensor * t) {
     return str;
 }
 
+static inline float ggml_compute_bf16_to_fp32(ggml_bf16_t h) {
+    union {
+        float f;
+        uint32_t i;
+    } u;
+    u.i = (uint32_t)h.bits << 16;
+    return u.f;
+}
+
+static float ggml_get_float_value(uint8_t * data, ggml_type type, const size_t * nb, size_t i0, size_t i1, size_t i2, size_t i3) {
+    size_t i = i3 * nb[3] + i2 * nb[2] + i1 * nb[1] + i0 * nb[0];
+    float v;
+    if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        v = ggml_fp16_to_fp32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) &data[i]);
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        v = *(float *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        v = (float) *(int64_t *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        v = (float) *(int32_t *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I16) {
+        v = (float) *(int16_t *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I8) {
+        v = (float) *(int8_t *) &data[i];
+    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
+        v = ggml_compute_bf16_to_fp32(*(ggml_bf16_t *) &data[i]);
+    } else {
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+    return v;
+}
+
 static void ggml_print_tensor(uint8_t * data, ggml_type type, const int64_t * ne, const size_t * nb, int64_t n) {
     GGML_ASSERT(n > 0);
     float sum = 0;
+    for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne[3]; i3++) {
+        for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne[2]; i2++) {
+            for (int64_t i1 = 0; i1 < ne[1]; i1++) {
+                for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne[0]; i0++) {
+                    const float v = ggml_get_float_value(data, type, nb, i0, i1, i2, i3);
+                    sum += v;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
     for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne[3]; i3++) {
         LOG("                                     [\n");
         for (int64_t i2 = 0; i2 < ne[2]; i2++) {
@@ -50,25 +92,8 @@ static void ggml_print_tensor(uint8_t * data, ggml_type type, const int64_t * ne
                         LOG("..., ");
                         i0 = ne[0] - n;
                     }
-                    size_t i = i3 * nb[3] + i2 * nb[2] + i1 * nb[1] + i0 * nb[0];
-                    float v;
-                    if (type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                        v = ggml_fp16_to_fp32(*(ggml_fp16_t *) &data[i]);
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-                        v = *(float *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I64) {
-                        v = (float) *(int64_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
-                        v = (float) *(int32_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I16) {
-                        v = (float) *(int16_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else if (type == GGML_TYPE_I8) {
-                        v = (float) *(int8_t *) &data[i];
-                    } else {
-                        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-                    }
+                    const float v = ggml_get_float_value(data, type, nb, i0, i1, i2, i3);
                     LOG("%12.4f", v);
-                    sum += v;
                     if (i0 < ne[0] - 1) LOG(", ");
                 }
                 LOG("],\n");

examples/json_schema_to_grammar.py

@@ -586,9 +586,10 @@ class SchemaConverter:
             properties = list(schema.get('properties', {}).items())
             return self._add_rule(rule_name, self._build_object_rule(properties, required, name, schema.get('additionalProperties')))
 
-        elif schema_type in (None, 'object') and 'allOf' in schema:
+        elif schema_type in (None, 'object', 'string') and 'allOf' in schema:
             required = set()
             properties = []
+            enum_sets = []
             hybrid_name = name
             def add_component(comp_schema, is_required):
                 if (ref := comp_schema.get('$ref')) is not None:
@@ -600,6 +601,9 @@ class SchemaConverter:
                         if is_required:
                             required.add(prop_name)
 
+                if 'enum' in comp_schema:
+                    enum_sets.append(set(comp_schema['enum']))
+
             for t in schema['allOf']:
                 if 'anyOf' in t:
                     for tt in t['anyOf']:
@@ -607,6 +611,15 @@ class SchemaConverter:
                 else:
                     add_component(t, is_required=True)
 
+            if enum_sets:
+                enum_intersection = enum_sets[0]
+                for s in enum_sets[1:]:
+                    enum_intersection &= s
+
+                if enum_intersection:
+                    rule = '(' + ' | '.join((self._generate_constant_rule(v) for v in sorted(enum_intersection))) + ') space'
+                    return self._add_rule(rule_name, rule)
+
             return self._add_rule(rule_name, self._build_object_rule(properties, required, hybrid_name, additional_properties=None))
 
         elif schema_type in (None, 'array') and ('items' in schema or 'prefixItems' in schema):

examples/model-conversion/Makefile

@@ -1,4 +1,5 @@
-# Validation functions
+MAKEFLAGS += --no-print-directory
+
 define validate_model_path
 	@if [ -z "$(MODEL_PATH)" ]; then \
 		echo "Error: MODEL_PATH must be provided either as:"; \
@@ -17,6 +18,13 @@ define validate_embedding_model_path
 	fi
 endef
 
+define quantize_model
+	@CONVERTED_MODEL="$(1)" QUANTIZED_TYPE="$(QUANTIZED_TYPE)" \
+	TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE="$(TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE)" OUTPUT_TYPE="$(OUTPUT_TYPE)" \
+	./scripts/utils/quantize.sh "$(1)" "$(QUANTIZED_TYPE)" "$(TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE)" "$(OUTPUT_TYPE)"
+	@echo "Export the quantized model path to $(2) variable in your environment"
+endef
+
 ###
 ### Casual Model targets/recipes
 ###
@@ -29,6 +37,20 @@ causal-convert-model:
 	METADATA_OVERRIDE="$(METADATA_OVERRIDE)" \
 	./scripts/causal/convert-model.sh
 
+causal-convert-mm-model-bf16: OUTTYPE=bf16
+causal-convert-mm-model-bf16: MM_OUTTYPE=f16
+causal-convert-mm-model-bf16: causal-convert-mm-model
+
+causal-convert-mm-model:
+	$(call validate_model_path,causal-convert-mm-model)
+	@MODEL_NAME="$(MODEL_NAME)" OUTTYPE="$(OUTTYPE)" MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" \
+	METADATA_OVERRIDE="$(METADATA_OVERRIDE)" \
+	./scripts/causal/convert-model.sh
+
+	@MODEL_NAME="$(MODEL_NAME)" OUTTYPE="$(MM_OUTTYPE)" MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" \
+	METADATA_OVERRIDE="$(METADATA_OVERRIDE)" \
+	./scripts/causal/convert-model.sh --mmproj
+
 causal-run-original-model:
 	$(call validate_model_path,causal-run-original-model)
 	@MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" ./scripts/causal/run-org-model.py
@@ -41,7 +63,7 @@ causal-verify-logits: causal-run-original-model causal-run-converted-model
 	@MODEL_PATH="$(MODEL_PATH)" ./scripts/utils/check-nmse.py -m ${MODEL_PATH}
 
 causal-run-original-embeddings:
-	@./scripts/causal/run-casual-gen-embeddings-org.sh
+	@./scripts/causal/run-casual-gen-embeddings-org.py
 
 causal-run-converted-embeddings:
 	@./scripts/causal/run-converted-model-embeddings-logits.sh
@@ -67,9 +89,15 @@ causal-quantize-Q8_0: causal-quantize-model
 causal-quantize-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
 causal-quantize-Q4_0: causal-quantize-model
 
+# For Quantization Aware Trained (QAT) models in Q4_0 we explicitly set the
+# token embedding and output types to Q8_0 instead of the default Q6_K.
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE = Q8_0
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: OUTPUT_TYPE = Q8_0
+causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0: causal-quantize-model
+
 causal-quantize-model:
-	@CONVERTED_MODEL="$(CONVERTED_MODEL)" QUANTIZED_TYPE="$(QUANTIZED_TYPE)" ./scripts/utils/quantize.sh ${CONVERTED_MODEL} ${QUANTIZED_TYPE}
-	@echo "Export the quantized model path to QUANTIZED_MODEL variable in your environment"
+	$(call quantize_model,$(CONVERTED_MODEL),QUANTIZED_MODEL)
 
 causal-run-quantized-model:
 	@QUANTIZED_MODEL="$(QUANTIZED_MODEL)" ./scripts/causal/run-converted-model.sh ${QUANTIZED_MODEL}
@@ -117,9 +145,15 @@ embedding-quantize-Q8_0: embedding-quantize-model
 embedding-quantize-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
 embedding-quantize-Q4_0: embedding-quantize-model
 
+# For Quantization Aware Trained (QAT) models in Q4_0 we explicitly set the
+# token embedding and output types to Q8_0 instead of the default Q6_K.
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: QUANTIZED_TYPE = Q4_0
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE = Q8_0
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: OUTPUT_TYPE = Q8_0
+embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0: embedding-quantize-model
+
 embedding-quantize-model:
-	@./scripts/utils/quantize.sh ${CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL} ${QUANTIZED_TYPE}
-	@echo "Export the quantized model path to QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL variable in your environment"
+	$(call quantize_model,$(CONVERTED_EMBEDDING_MODEL),QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL)
 
 embedding-run-quantized-model:
 	@./scripts/embedding/run-converted-model.sh ${QUANTIZED_EMBEDDING_MODEL}
@@ -144,6 +178,15 @@ perplexity-run:
 hf-create-model:
 	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}"
 
+hf-create-model-dry-run:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -d
+
+hf-create-model-embedding:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -e
+
+hf-create-model-embedding-dry-run:
+	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -e -d
+
 hf-create-model-private:
 	@./scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py -m "${MODEL_NAME}" -ns "${NAMESPACE}" -b "${ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL}" -p
 

examples/model-conversion/README.md

@@ -137,6 +137,18 @@ Then the quantized model can be run using the following command:
 (venv) $ make causal-run-quantized-model
 ```
 
+### Quantizing QAT (Quantization Aware Training) models
+When quantizing to `Q4_0`, the default data type for the token embedding weights
+will be `Q6_K`. For models that are going to be uploaded to ggml-org it is
+recommended to use `Q8_0` instead for the embeddings and output tensors.
+The reason is that although `Q6_K` is smaller in size, it requires more compute
+to unpack, which can hurt performance during output generation when the entire
+embedding matrix must be dequantized to compute vocabulary logits. `Q8_0`
+provides practically full quality with better computational efficiency.
+```console
+(venv) $ make causal-quantize-qat-Q4_0
+```
+
 
 ## Embedding Language Model Conversion
 
@@ -238,6 +250,18 @@ Then the quantized model can be run using the following command:
 (venv) $ make embedding-run-quantized-model
 ```
 
+### Quantizing QAT (Quantization Aware Training) models
+When quantizing to `Q4_0`, the default data type for the token embedding weights
+will be `Q6_K`. For models that are going to be uploaded to ggml-org it is
+recommended to use `Q8_0` instead for the embeddings and output tensors.
+The reason is that although `Q6_K` is smaller in size, it requires more compute
+to unpack, which can hurt performance during output generation when the entire
+embedding matrix must be dequantized to compute vocabulary logits. `Q8_0`
+provides practically full quality with better computational efficiency.
+```console
+(venv) $ make embedding-quantize-qat-Q4_0
+```
+
 ## Perplexity Evaluation
 
 ### Simple perplexity evaluation
@@ -285,13 +309,21 @@ For the following targets a `HF_TOKEN` environment variable is required.
 This will create a new model repsository on Hugging Face with the specified
 model name.
 ```console
-(venv) $ make hf-create-model MODEL_NAME='TestModel' NAMESPACE="danbev"
+(venv) $ make hf-create-model MODEL_NAME='TestModel' NAMESPACE="danbev" ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL="some-base-model"
 Repository ID:  danbev/TestModel-GGUF
 Repository created: https://huggingface.co/danbev/TestModel-GGUF
 ```
 Note that we append a `-GGUF` suffix to the model name to ensure a consistent
 naming convention for GGUF models.
 
+An embedding model can be created using the following command:
+```console
+(venv) $ make hf-create-model-embedding MODEL_NAME='TestEmbeddingModel' NAMESPACE="danbev" ORIGINAL_BASE_MODEL="some-base-model"
+```
+The only difference is that the model card for an embedding model will be different
+with regards to the llama-server command and also how to access/call the embedding
+endpoint.
+
 ### Upload a GGUF model to model repository
 The following target uploads a model to an existing Hugging Face model repository.
 ```console

examples/model-conversion/logits.cpp

@@ -112,6 +112,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     ctx_params.no_perf = false;
     if (embedding_mode) {
         ctx_params.embeddings = true;
+        ctx_params.pooling_type = LLAMA_POOLING_TYPE_NONE;
         ctx_params.n_ubatch = ctx_params.n_batch;
     }
 

examples/model-conversion/requirements.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 --extra-index-url https://download.pytorch.org/whl/cpu
-torch~=2.6.0
-torchvision~=0.21.0
-transformers~=4.55.0
-huggingface-hub~=0.34.0
+torch
+torchvision
+transformers
+huggingface-hub
+accelerate

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/compare-embeddings-logits.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/convert-model.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,20 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
+set -e
+
+# Parse command line arguments
+MMPROJ=""
+while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
+    case $1 in
+        --mmproj)
+            MMPROJ="--mmproj"
+            shift
+            ;;
+        *)
+            shift
+            ;;
+    esac
+done
 
 MODEL_NAME="${MODEL_NAME:-$(basename "$MODEL_PATH")}"
 OUTPUT_DIR="${OUTPUT_DIR:-../../models}"
@@ -11,12 +27,20 @@ echo "Model name: ${MODEL_NAME}"
 echo "Data  type: ${TYPE}"
 echo "Converted model path:: ${CONVERTED_MODEL}"
 echo "Metadata override: ${METADATA_OVERRIDE}"
-python ../../convert_hf_to_gguf.py --verbose \
-    ${MODEL_PATH} \
-    --outfile ${CONVERTED_MODEL} \
-    --outtype ${TYPE} \
-    --metadata "${METADATA_OVERRIDE}"
+
+CMD_ARGS=("python" "../../convert_hf_to_gguf.py" "--verbose")
+CMD_ARGS+=("${MODEL_PATH}")
+CMD_ARGS+=("--outfile" "${CONVERTED_MODEL}")
+CMD_ARGS+=("--outtype" "${TYPE}")
+[[ -n "$METADATA_OVERRIDE" ]] && CMD_ARGS+=("--metadata" "${METADATA_OVERRIDE}")
+[[ -n "$MMPROJ" ]] && CMD_ARGS+=("${MMPROJ}")
+
+"${CMD_ARGS[@]}"
 
 echo ""
 echo "The environment variable CONVERTED_MODEL can be set to this path using:"
 echo "export CONVERTED_MODEL=$(realpath ${CONVERTED_MODEL})"
+if [[ -n "$MMPROJ" ]]; then
+    mmproj_file="${OUTPUT_DIR}/mmproj-$(basename "${CONVERTED_MODEL}")"
+    echo "The mmproj model was created in $(realpath "$mmproj_file")"
+fi

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-casual-gen-embeddings-org.py

@@ -3,11 +3,10 @@
 import argparse
 import os
 import importlib
-import sys
 import torch
 import numpy as np
 
-from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoConfig, AutoModel, AutoModelForCausalLM
+from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoConfig, AutoModelForCausalLM
 from pathlib import Path
 
 unreleased_model_name = os.getenv('UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME')
@@ -43,6 +42,8 @@ if unreleased_model_name:
         model = model_class.from_pretrained(model_path)
     except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
         print(f"Failed to import or load model: {e}")
+        print("Falling back to AutoModelForCausalLM")
+        model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path)
 else:
     model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path)
 print(f"Model class: {type(model)}")

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-converted-model-embeddings-logits.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-converted-model.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-org-model.py

@@ -9,15 +9,134 @@ from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoConfig
 import torch
 import numpy as np
 
-unreleased_model_name = os.getenv('UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME')
+### If you want to dump RoPE activations, apply this monkey patch to the model
+### class from Transformers that you are running (replace apertus.modeling_apertus
+### with the proper package and class for your model
+### === START ROPE DEBUG ===
+# from transformers.models.apertus.modeling_apertus import apply_rotary_pos_emb
 
-parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description='Process model with specified path')
-parser.add_argument('--model-path', '-m', help='Path to the model')
+# orig_rope = apply_rotary_pos_emb
+# torch.set_printoptions(threshold=float('inf'))
+# torch.set_printoptions(precision=6, sci_mode=False)
+
+# def debug_rope(q, k, cos, sin, position_ids=None, unsqueeze_dim=1):
+#     # log inputs
+#     summarize(q, "RoPE.q_in")
+#     summarize(k, "RoPE.k_in")
+
+#     # call original
+#     q_out, k_out = orig_rope(q, k, cos, sin, position_ids, unsqueeze_dim)
+
+#     # log outputs
+#     summarize(q_out, "RoPE.q_out")
+#     summarize(k_out, "RoPE.k_out")
+
+#     return q_out, k_out
+
+# # Patch it
+# import transformers.models.apertus.modeling_apertus as apertus_mod  # noqa: E402
+# apertus_mod.apply_rotary_pos_emb = debug_rope
+### == END ROPE DEBUG ===
+
+
+def summarize(tensor: torch.Tensor, name: str, max_seq: int = 3, max_vals: int = 3):
+    """
+    Print a tensor in llama.cpp debug style.
+
+    Supports:
+    - 2D tensors (seq, hidden)
+    - 3D tensors (batch, seq, hidden)
+    - 4D tensors (batch, seq, heads, dim_per_head) via flattening heads × dim_per_head
+
+    Shows first and last max_vals of each vector per sequence position.
+    """
+    t = tensor.detach().to(torch.float32).cpu()
+
+    # Determine dimensions
+    if t.ndim == 3:
+        _, s, _ = t.shape
+    elif t.ndim == 2:
+        _, s = 1, t.shape[0]
+        t = t.unsqueeze(0)
+    elif t.ndim == 4:
+        _, s, _, _ = t.shape
+    else:
+        print(f"Skipping tensor due to unsupported dimensions: {t.ndim}")
+        return
+
+    ten_shape = t.shape
+
+    print(f"ggml_debug: {name} = (f32)  ... = {{{ten_shape}}}")
+    print("                                     [")
+    print("                                      [")
+
+    # Determine indices for first and last sequences
+    first_indices = list(range(min(s, max_seq)))
+    last_indices = list(range(max(0, s - max_seq), s))
+
+    # Check if there's an overlap between first and last indices or if we're at the edge case of s = 2 * max_seq
+    has_overlap = bool(set(first_indices) & set(last_indices)) or (max_seq * 2 == s)
+
+    # Combine indices
+    if has_overlap:
+        # If there's overlap, just use the combined unique indices
+        indices = sorted(list(set(first_indices + last_indices)))
+        separator_index = None
+    else:
+        # If no overlap, we'll add a separator between first and last sequences
+        indices = first_indices + last_indices
+        separator_index = len(first_indices)
+
+    for i, si in enumerate(indices):
+        # Add separator if needed
+        if separator_index is not None and i == separator_index:
+            print("                                       ...")
+
+        # Extract appropriate slice
+        vec = t[0, si]
+        if vec.ndim == 2:  # 4D case: flatten heads × dim_per_head
+            flat = vec.flatten().tolist()
+        else:  # 2D or 3D case
+            flat = vec.tolist()
+
+        # First and last slices
+        first = flat[:max_vals]
+        last = flat[-max_vals:] if len(flat) >= max_vals else flat
+        first_str = ", ".join(f"{v:12.4f}" for v in first)
+        last_str = ", ".join(f"{v:12.4f}" for v in last)
+
+        print(f"                                       [{first_str}, ..., {last_str}]")
+
+    print("                                      ],")
+    print("                                     ]")
+    print(f"                                     sum = {t.sum().item():.6f}\n")
+
+
+def debug_hook(name):
+    def fn(_m, input, output):
+        if isinstance(input, torch.Tensor):
+            summarize(input, name + "_in")
+        elif isinstance(input, (tuple, list)) and isinstance(input[0], torch.Tensor):
+            summarize(input[0], name + "_in")
+        if isinstance(output, torch.Tensor):
+            summarize(output, name + "_out")
+        elif isinstance(output, (tuple, list)) and isinstance(output[0], torch.Tensor):
+            summarize(output[0], name + "_out")
+
+    return fn
+
+
+unreleased_model_name = os.getenv("UNRELEASED_MODEL_NAME")
+
+parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(description="Process model with specified path")
+parser.add_argument("--model-path", "-m", help="Path to the model")
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
-model_path = os.environ.get('MODEL_PATH', args.model_path)
+model_path = os.environ.get("MODEL_PATH", args.model_path)
 if model_path is None:
-    parser.error("Model path must be specified either via --model-path argument or MODEL_PATH environment variable")
+    parser.error(
+        "Model path must be specified either via --model-path argument or MODEL_PATH environment variable"
+    )
 
 config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path)
 
@@ -34,18 +153,30 @@ config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path)
 
 if unreleased_model_name:
     model_name_lower = unreleased_model_name.lower()
-    unreleased_module_path = f"transformers.models.{model_name_lower}.modular_{model_name_lower}"
+    unreleased_module_path = (
+        f"transformers.models.{model_name_lower}.modular_{model_name_lower}"
+    )
     class_name = f"{unreleased_model_name}ForCausalLM"
     print(f"Importing unreleased model module: {unreleased_module_path}")
 
     try:
-        model_class = getattr(importlib.import_module(unreleased_module_path), class_name)
-        model = model_class.from_pretrained(model_path)  # Note: from_pretrained, not fromPretrained
+        model_class = getattr(
+            importlib.import_module(unreleased_module_path), class_name
+        )
+        model = model_class.from_pretrained(
+            model_path
+        )  # Note: from_pretrained, not fromPretrained
     except (ImportError, AttributeError) as e:
         print(f"Failed to import or load model: {e}")
         exit(1)
 else:
-    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_path)
+    model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
+        model_path, device_map="auto", offload_folder="offload"
+    )
+
+for name, module in model.named_modules():
+    if len(list(module.children())) == 0:  # only leaf modules
+        module.register_forward_hook(debug_hook(name))
 
 model_name = os.path.basename(model_path)
 # Printing the Model class to allow for easier debugging. This can be useful

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/compare-embeddings-logits.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/convert-model.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/modelcard.template

@@ -0,0 +1,48 @@
+---
+base_model:
+- {base_model}
+---
+# {model_name} GGUF
+
+Recommended way to run this model:
+
+```sh
+llama-server -hf {namespace}/{model_name}-GGUF --embeddings
+```
+
+Then the endpoint can be accessed at http://localhost:8080/embedding, for
+example using `curl`:
+```console
+curl --request POST \
+    --url http://localhost:8080/embedding \
+    --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    --data '{{"input": "Hello embeddings"}}' \
+    --silent
+```
+
+Alternatively, the `llama-embedding` command line tool can be used:
+```sh
+llama-embedding -hf {namespace}/{model_name}-GGUF --verbose-prompt -p "Hello embeddings"
+```
+
+#### embd_normalize
+When a model uses pooling, or the pooling method is specified using `--pooling`,
+the normalization can be controlled by the `embd_normalize` parameter.
+
+The default value is `2` which means that the embeddings are normalized using
+the Euclidean norm (L2). Other options are:
+* -1 No normalization
+*  0 Max absolute
+*  1 Taxicab
+*  2 Euclidean/L2
+* \>2 P-Norm
+
+This can be passed in the request body to `llama-server`, for example:
+```sh
+    --data '{{"input": "Hello embeddings", "embd_normalize": -1}}' \
+```
+
+And for `llama-embedding`, by passing `--embd-normalize <value>`, for example:
+```sh
+llama-embedding -hf {namespace}/{model_name}-GGUF  --embd-normalize -1 -p "Hello embeddings"
+```

examples/model-conversion/scripts/embedding/run-converted-model.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/create-collection-add-model.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,6 @@
 
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+
 COLLECTION_SLUG=$(python ./create_collection.py --return-slug)
 echo "Created collection: $COLLECTION_SLUG"
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/curl-embedding-server.sh

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
+curl --request POST \
+    --url http://localhost:8080/embedding \
+    --header "Content-Type: application/json" \
+    --data '{"input": "Hello world today"}' \
+    --silent

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/hf-create-model.py

@@ -26,21 +26,31 @@ parser.add_argument('--namespace', '-ns', help='Namespace to add the model to',
 parser.add_argument('--org-base-model', '-b', help='Original Base model name', default="")
 parser.add_argument('--no-card', action='store_true', help='Skip creating model card')
 parser.add_argument('--private', '-p', action='store_true', help='Create private model')
+parser.add_argument('--embedding', '-e', action='store_true', help='Use embedding model card template')
+parser.add_argument('--dry-run', '-d', action='store_true', help='Print repository info and template without creating repository')
 
 args = parser.parse_args()
 
 repo_id = f"{args.namespace}/{args.model_name}-GGUF"
 print("Repository ID: ", repo_id)
 
-repo_url = api.create_repo(
-    repo_id=repo_id,
-    repo_type="model",
-    private=args.private,
-    exist_ok=False
-)
+repo_url = None
+if not args.dry_run:
+    repo_url = api.create_repo(
+        repo_id=repo_id,
+        repo_type="model",
+        private=args.private,
+        exist_ok=False
+    )
 
 if not args.no_card:
-    template_path = "scripts/readme.md.template"
+    if args.embedding:
+        template_path = "scripts/embedding/modelcard.template"
+    else:
+        template_path = "scripts/causal/modelcard.template"
+
+    print("Template path: ", template_path)
+
     model_card_content = load_template_and_substitute(
         template_path,
         model_name=args.model_name,
@@ -48,16 +58,21 @@ if not args.no_card:
         base_model=args.org_base_model,
     )
 
-    if model_card_content:
-        api.upload_file(
-            path_or_fileobj=model_card_content.encode('utf-8'),
-            path_in_repo="README.md",
-            repo_id=repo_id
-        )
-        print("Model card created successfully.")
+    if args.dry_run:
+        print("\nTemplate Content:\n")
+        print(model_card_content)
     else:
-        print("Failed to create model card.")
+        if model_card_content:
+            api.upload_file(
+                path_or_fileobj=model_card_content.encode('utf-8'),
+                path_in_repo="README.md",
+                repo_id=repo_id
+            )
+            print("Model card created successfully.")
+        else:
+            print("Failed to create model card.")
 
-print(f"Repository created: {repo_url}")
+if not args.dry_run and repo_url:
+    print(f"Repository created: {repo_url}")
 
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/inspect-converted-model.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 # First try command line argument, then environment variable, then file
 CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/inspect-org-model.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ if os.path.exists(index_path):
         file_path = os.path.join(model_path, file_name)
         print(f"\n--- From {file_name} ---")
 
-        with safe_open(file_path, framework="pt") as f:
+        with safe_open(file_path, framework="pt") as f:  # type: ignore
             for tensor_name in sorted(tensor_names):
                 tensor = f.get_tensor(tensor_name)
                 print(f"- {tensor_name} : shape = {tensor.shape}, dtype = {tensor.dtype}")
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ elif os.path.exists(single_file_path):
     # Single file model (original behavior)
     print("Single-file model detected")
 
-    with safe_open(single_file_path, framework="pt") as f:
+    with safe_open(single_file_path, framework="pt") as f:  # type: ignore
         keys = f.keys()
         print("Tensors in model:")
         for key in sorted(keys):

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/perplexity-gen.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/perplexity-run-simple.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/perplexity-run.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/quantize.sh

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 
 CONVERTED_MODEL="${1:-"$CONVERTED_MODEL"}"
 QUANTIZED_TYPE="${2:-"$QUANTIZED_TYPE"}"
+TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE="${3:-"${TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE}"}"
+OUTPUT_TYPE="${4:-"${OUTPUT_TYPE}"}"
 QUANTIZED_MODEL=$CONVERTED_MODEL
 
 # Final check if we have a model path
@@ -14,6 +16,11 @@ if [ -z "$CONVERTED_MODEL" ]; then
     exit 1
 fi
 
+if [ -z "$QUANTIZED_TYPE" ]; then
+    echo "Error: QUANTIZED_TYPE is required" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
 echo $CONVERTED_MODEL
 
 # Process the quantized model filename
@@ -26,9 +33,16 @@ else
     exit 1
 fi
 
-
 cmake --build ../../build --target llama-quantize -j8
 
-../../build/bin/llama-quantize $CONVERTED_MODEL $QUANTIZED_MODEL $QUANTIZED_TYPE
+echo $TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE
+echo $OUTPUT_TYPE
+
+CMD_ARGS=("../../build/bin/llama-quantize")
+[[ -n "$TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE" ]] && CMD_ARGS+=("--token-embedding-type" "$TOKEN_EMBD_TYPE")
+[[ -n "$OUTPUT_TYPE" ]]     && CMD_ARGS+=("--output-tensor-type" "$OUTPUT_TYPE")
+CMD_ARGS+=("$CONVERTED_MODEL" "$QUANTIZED_MODEL" "$QUANTIZED_TYPE")
+
+"${CMD_ARGS[@]}"
 
 echo "Quantized model saved to: $QUANTIZED_MODEL"

examples/model-conversion/scripts/utils/run-embedding-server.sh

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-#!/bin/bash
+#!/usr/bin/env bash
 
 set -e
 #

examples/speculative/speculative.cpp

@@ -244,7 +244,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                     // stochastic verification
                     common_sampler_sample(smpl, ctx_tgt, drafts[s_keep].i_batch_tgt[i_dft], true);
 
-                    auto & dist_tgt = *common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl);
+                    auto & dist_tgt = *common_sampler_get_candidates(smpl, true);
 
                     float p_tgt = 0.0f;
                     float p_dft = 0.0f;
@@ -493,7 +493,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 
                 common_sampler_sample(drafts[s].smpl, ctx_dft, drafts[s].i_batch_dft, true);
 
-                const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(drafts[s].smpl);
+                const auto * cur_p = common_sampler_get_candidates(drafts[s].smpl, true);
 
                 for (int k = 0; k < std::min(n_seq_dft + 3, (int) cur_p->size); ++k) {
                     LOG_DBG(" - draft candidate %3d for seq %3d, pos %3d: %6d (%8.3f) '%s'\n",

ggml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14) # for add_link_options and implicit target directories.
-project("ggml" C CXX)
+project("ggml" C CXX ASM)
 include(CheckIncludeFileCXX)
 
 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)
@@ -129,10 +129,11 @@ endif()
 option(GGML_LASX             "ggml: enable lasx"             ON)
 option(GGML_LSX              "ggml: enable lsx"              ON)
 option(GGML_RVV              "ggml: enable rvv"              ON)
-option(GGML_RV_ZFH           "ggml: enable riscv zfh"        OFF)
+option(GGML_RV_ZFH           "ggml: enable riscv zfh"        ON)
+option(GGML_RV_ZVFH          "ggml: enable riscv zvfh"       ON)
+option(GGML_RV_ZICBOP        "ggml: enable riscv zicbop"     ON)
 option(GGML_XTHEADVECTOR     "ggml: enable xtheadvector"     OFF)
 option(GGML_VXE              "ggml: enable vxe"              ON)
-option(GGML_NNPA             "ggml: enable nnpa"             OFF)  # temp disabled by default, see: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/14877
 
 option(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS "ggml: build all variants of the CPU backend (requires GGML_BACKEND_DL)" OFF)
 set(GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH        "" CACHE STRING "ggml: CPU architecture for ARM")

ggml/include/ggml-backend.h

@@ -307,6 +307,9 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node, ggml_backend_t backend);
     GGML_API ggml_backend_t       ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node);
 
+    // Split graph without allocating it
+    GGML_API void                 ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);
+
     // Allocate and compute graph on the backend scheduler
     GGML_API bool                 ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph); // returns success
     GGML_API enum ggml_status     ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph);

ggml/include/ggml-cpu.h

@@ -101,7 +101,6 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_riscv_v    (void);
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_vsx        (void);
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_vxe        (void);
-    GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_nnpa       (void);
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_wasm_simd  (void);
     GGML_BACKEND_API int ggml_cpu_has_llamafile  (void);
 
@@ -135,6 +134,7 @@ extern "C" {
     GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_cpu_reg(void);
 
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp32(const float *,       float *, int64_t);
+    GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_i32 (const float *,     int32_t *, int64_t);
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp16(const float *, ggml_fp16_t *, int64_t);
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp16_to_fp32(const ggml_fp16_t *, float *, int64_t);
     GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_bf16(const float *, ggml_bf16_t *, int64_t);

ggml/include/ggml-metal.h

@@ -43,10 +43,6 @@ GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_metal_init(void);
 
 GGML_BACKEND_API bool ggml_backend_is_metal(ggml_backend_t backend);
 
-GGML_DEPRECATED(
-        GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_from_ptr(void * data, size_t size, size_t max_size),
-        "obsoleted by the new device interface - https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/9713");
-
 GGML_BACKEND_API void ggml_backend_metal_set_abort_callback(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_abort_callback abort_callback, void * user_data);
 
 GGML_BACKEND_API ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_metal_buffer_type(void);

ggml/include/ggml.h

@@ -511,6 +511,7 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D,
         GGML_OP_IM2COL,
         GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK,
+        GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D,
         GGML_OP_CONV_2D,
         GGML_OP_CONV_3D,
         GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW,
@@ -1403,6 +1404,7 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
             struct ggml_tensor  * b);
 
+    // note: casting from f32 to i32 will discard the fractional part
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cast(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,
@@ -1527,7 +1529,11 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
-    // supports 3D: a->ne[2] == b->ne[1]
+    // supports 4D a:
+    // a     [n_embd, ne1, ne2, ne3]
+    // b I32 [n_rows, ne2, ne3, 1]
+    //
+    // return [n_embd, n_rows, ne2, ne3]
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_get_rows(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,  // data
@@ -1870,6 +1876,41 @@ extern "C" {
             int                   d0,  // dilation dimension 0
             int                   d1); // dilation dimension 1
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_im2col_3d(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+            int64_t               IC,
+            int                   s0, // stride width
+            int                   s1, // stride height
+            int                   s2, // stride depth
+            int                   p0, // padding width
+            int                   p1, // padding height
+            int                   p2, // padding depth
+            int                   d0, // dilation width
+            int                   d1, // dilation height
+            int                   d2, // dilation depth
+            enum ggml_type        dst_type);
+
+    // a: [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+    // b: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+    // result: [N*OC, OD, OH, OW]
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d(
+                struct ggml_context * ctx,
+                struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+                struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+                int64_t               IC,
+                int                   s0, // stride width
+                int                   s1, // stride height
+                int                   s2, // stride depth
+                int                   p0, // padding width
+                int                   p1, // padding height
+                int                   p2, // padding depth
+                int                   d0, // dilation width
+                int                   d1, // dilation height
+                int                   d2  // dilation depth
+        );
+
     // kernel size is a->ne[0] x a->ne[1]
     // stride is equal to kernel size
     // padding is zero
@@ -1941,7 +1982,7 @@ extern "C" {
             int                   d0,  // dilation dimension 0
             int                   d1); // dilation dimension 1
 
-    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d(
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_conv_3d_direct(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a,   // kernel [KW, KH, KD, IC * OC]
             struct ggml_tensor  * b,   // input  [W, H, D, C * N]
@@ -2048,6 +2089,19 @@ extern "C" {
             int                  p2,
             int                  p3);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_ext(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            int                  lp0,
+            int                  rp0,
+            int                  lp1,
+            int                  rp1,
+            int                  lp2,
+            int                  rp2,
+            int                  lp3,
+            int                  rp3
+            );
+
     // pad each dimension with reflection: [a, b, c, d] -> [b, a, b, c, d, c]
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_pad_reflect_1d(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,

ggml/src/ggml-backend-impl.h

@@ -114,6 +114,9 @@ extern "C" {
         void (*event_record)(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event);
         // wait for an event on on a different stream
         void (*event_wait)  (ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event);
+
+        // (optional) sort/optimize the nodes in the graph
+        void                      (*optimize_graph)    (ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph);
     };
 
     struct ggml_backend {

ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp

@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@
 // backend buffer type
 
 const char * ggml_backend_buft_name(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.get_name(buft);
 }
 
@@ -40,14 +41,17 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_buft_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t
         return ggml_backend_buffer_init(buft, {}, NULL, 0);
     }
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.alloc_buffer(buft, size);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alignment(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->iface.get_alignment(buft);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     // get_max_size is optional, defaults to SIZE_MAX
     if (buft->iface.get_max_size) {
         return buft->iface.get_max_size(buft);
@@ -56,6 +60,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_max_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     // get_alloc_size is optional, defaults to ggml_nbytes
     if (buft->iface.get_alloc_size) {
         size_t size = buft->iface.get_alloc_size(buft, tensor);
@@ -66,6 +71,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_buft_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const s
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_buft_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     if (buft->iface.is_host) {
         return buft->iface.is_host(buft);
     }
@@ -73,6 +79,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_buft_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_buft_get_device(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buft);
     return buft->device;
 }
 
@@ -110,10 +117,12 @@ void ggml_backend_buffer_free(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->size;
 }
 
 void * ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // get_base is optional if the buffer is zero-sized
     if (buffer->size == 0) {
         return NULL;
@@ -127,6 +136,7 @@ void * ggml_backend_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // init_tensor is optional
     if (buffer->iface.init_tensor) {
         return buffer->iface.init_tensor(buffer, tensor);
@@ -135,6 +145,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_buffer_init_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, s
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     // clear is optional if the buffer is zero-sized
     if (buffer->size == 0) {
         return;
@@ -160,6 +171,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage usage) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     buffer->usage = usage;
 
     // FIXME: add a generic callback to the buffer interface
@@ -169,14 +181,17 @@ void ggml_backend_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backe
 }
 
 enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage ggml_backend_buffer_get_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->usage;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_buffer_get_type(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->buft;
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_buffer_reset(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     if (buffer->iface.reset) {
         buffer->iface.reset(buffer);
     }
@@ -215,6 +230,7 @@ void ggml_backend_free(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_get_default_buffer_type(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(backend->device);
 }
 
@@ -231,6 +247,8 @@ size_t ggml_backend_get_max_size(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data != NULL && "tensor not allocated");
     GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "tensor write out of bounds");
 
@@ -242,6 +260,8 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_set_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_tensor *
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_get_async(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data != NULL && "tensor not allocated");
     GGML_ASSERT(offset + size <= ggml_nbytes(tensor) && "tensor read out of bounds");
 
@@ -283,6 +303,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_get(const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, siz
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_tensor_memset(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     ggml_backend_buffer_t buf = tensor->view_src ? tensor->view_src->buffer : tensor->buffer;
 
     if (size == 0) {
@@ -298,6 +319,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_memset(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     if (backend->iface.synchronize == NULL) {
         return;
     }
@@ -306,18 +328,21 @@ void ggml_backend_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
 }
 
 ggml_backend_graph_plan_t ggml_backend_graph_plan_create(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_create != NULL);
 
     return backend->iface.graph_plan_create(backend, cgraph);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_graph_plan_free(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_graph_plan_t plan) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_free != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.graph_plan_free(backend, plan);
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_plan_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_graph_plan_t plan) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.graph_plan_compute != NULL);
 
     return backend->iface.graph_plan_compute(backend, plan);
@@ -330,22 +355,27 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_compute(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return backend->iface.graph_compute(backend, cgraph);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_supports_op(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(backend->device, op);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_supports_buft(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_supports_buft(backend->device, buft);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_offload_op(ggml_backend_t backend, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(backend->device, op);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_get_device(ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     return backend->device;
 }
 
@@ -381,6 +411,7 @@ void ggml_backend_tensor_copy_async(ggml_backend_t backend_src, ggml_backend_t b
         return;
     }
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend_dst);
     if (backend_dst->iface.cpy_tensor_async != NULL) {
         if (backend_dst->iface.cpy_tensor_async(backend_src, backend_dst, src, dst)) {
             return;
@@ -412,38 +443,52 @@ void ggml_backend_event_free(ggml_backend_event_t event) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_record(ggml_backend_event_t event, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.event_record != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.event_record(backend, event);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_synchronize(ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(event);
     GGML_ASSERT(event->device->iface.event_synchronize);
 
     event->device->iface.event_synchronize(event->device, event);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_event_wait(ggml_backend_t backend, ggml_backend_event_t event) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend->iface.event_wait != NULL);
 
     backend->iface.event_wait(backend, event);
 }
 
+static void ggml_backend_optimize_graph(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(backend);
+    if (backend->iface.optimize_graph != NULL) {
+        backend->iface.optimize_graph(backend, cgraph);
+    }
+}
+
 // Backend device
 
 const char * ggml_backend_dev_name(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_name(device);
 }
 
 const char * ggml_backend_dev_description(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_description(device);
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_dev_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t device, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     device->iface.get_memory(device, free, total);
 }
 
 enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_dev_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_type(device);
 }
 
@@ -453,18 +498,22 @@ void ggml_backend_dev_get_props(ggml_backend_dev_t device, struct ggml_backend_d
 }
 
 ggml_backend_reg_t ggml_backend_dev_backend_reg(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->reg;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_dev_init(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const char * params) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.init_backend(device, params);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.get_buffer_type(device);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t device) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     if (device->iface.get_host_buffer_type == NULL) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -473,18 +522,22 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_dev_host_buffer_type(ggml_backend_dev_t
 }
 
 ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_dev_buffer_from_host_ptr(ggml_backend_dev_t device, void * ptr, size_t size, size_t max_tensor_size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.buffer_from_host_ptr(device, ptr, size, max_tensor_size);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.supports_op(device, op);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_supports_buft(ggml_backend_dev_t device, ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     return device->iface.supports_buft(device, buft);
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_tensor * op) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(device);
     if (device->iface.offload_op != NULL) {
         return device->iface.offload_op(device, op);
     }
@@ -495,18 +548,22 @@ bool ggml_backend_dev_offload_op(ggml_backend_dev_t device, const struct ggml_te
 // Backend (reg)
 
 const char * ggml_backend_reg_name(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_name(reg);
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_reg_dev_count(ggml_backend_reg_t reg) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_device_count(reg);
 }
 
 ggml_backend_dev_t ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, size_t index) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     return reg->iface.get_device(reg, index);
 }
 
 void * ggml_backend_reg_get_proc_address(ggml_backend_reg_t reg, const char * name) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(reg);
     if (!reg->iface.get_proc_address) {
         return NULL;
     }
@@ -521,6 +578,7 @@ struct ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context {
 };
 
 static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_free(ctx->buffers[i]);
@@ -531,6 +589,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer)
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
         ggml_backend_buffer_clear(ctx->buffers[i], value);
@@ -566,10 +625,12 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_t ggml_backend_multi_buffer_alloc_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_buffer_is_multi_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     return buffer->iface.free_buffer == ggml_backend_multi_buffer_free_buffer;
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_multi_buffer_set_usage(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, enum ggml_backend_buffer_usage usage) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_buffer_is_multi_buffer(buffer));
     ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_multi_buffer_context *) buffer->context;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < ctx->n_buffers; i++) {
@@ -597,7 +658,7 @@ static bool ggml_is_view_op(enum ggml_op op) {
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS
-#define GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS GGML_MAX_SRC
+#define GGML_SCHED_MAX_SPLIT_INPUTS 30
 #endif
 
 #ifndef GGML_SCHED_MAX_COPIES
@@ -848,7 +909,7 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_set_if_supported(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, stru
 }
 
 // assigns backends to ops and splits the graph into subgraphs that can be computed on the same backend
-static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
     // reset splits
     sched->n_splits = 0;
     sched->n_graph_inputs = 0;
@@ -1244,6 +1305,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
         struct ggml_backend_sched_split * split = &sched->splits[i];
         split->graph = ggml_graph_view(graph, split->i_start, split->i_end);
 
+        // Optimize this split of the graph. This needs to happen before we make graph_copy,
+        // so they are in sync.
+        ggml_backend_optimize_graph(sched->backends[split->backend_id], &split->graph);
+
         // add inputs to the graph copy so that they are allocated by ggml-alloc at the start of the split
         for (int j = 0; j < split->n_inputs; j++) {
             assert(graph_copy->size > (graph_copy->n_nodes + 1));
@@ -1349,6 +1414,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_sched_alloc_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_compute_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     struct ggml_backend_sched_split * splits = sched->splits;
 
     ggml_tensor * prev_ids_tensor = nullptr;
@@ -1617,6 +1683,7 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_free(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_reset(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     // reset state for the next run
     if (!sched->is_reset) {
         ggml_hash_set_reset(&sched->hash_set);
@@ -1628,8 +1695,11 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_reset(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * measure_graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= measure_graph->n_nodes + measure_graph->n_leafs);
 
+    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
+
     ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(sched);
 
     ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(sched, measure_graph);
@@ -1644,6 +1714,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph *
 }
 
 bool ggml_backend_sched_alloc_graph(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= graph->n_nodes + graph->n_leafs);
     GGML_ASSERT(!sched->is_alloc);
 
@@ -1668,6 +1739,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, st
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     if (!sched->is_reset && !sched->is_alloc) {
         ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
     }
@@ -1682,6 +1754,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_sched_graph_compute_async(ggml_backend_sched_t sch
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     for (int i = 0; i < sched->n_backends; i++) {
         ggml_backend_synchronize(sched->backends[i]);
     }
@@ -1694,28 +1767,34 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_set_eval_callback(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_sched_eval_callback callback, void * user_data) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     sched->callback_eval = callback;
     sched->callback_eval_user_data = user_data;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_splits(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_splits;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_copies(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_copies;
 }
 
 int ggml_backend_sched_get_n_backends(ggml_backend_sched_t sched) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     return sched->n_backends;
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, int i) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT(i >= 0 && i < sched->n_backends);
     return sched->backends[i];
 }
 
 size_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
 
@@ -1723,6 +1802,7 @@ size_t ggml_backend_sched_get_buffer_size(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, ggml_backe
 }
 
 void ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node, ggml_backend_t backend) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = ggml_backend_sched_backend_id(sched, backend);
     GGML_ASSERT(backend_index >= 0 && backend_index < sched->n_backends);
     tensor_backend_id(node) = backend_index;
@@ -1731,6 +1811,7 @@ void ggml_backend_sched_set_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct gg
 }
 
 ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_tensor * node) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     int backend_index = tensor_backend_id(node);
     if (backend_index == -1) {
         return NULL;
@@ -1741,6 +1822,7 @@ ggml_backend_t ggml_backend_sched_get_tensor_backend(ggml_backend_sched_t sched,
 // utils
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_view_init(struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->buffer == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src != NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src->buffer != NULL);
@@ -1752,6 +1834,7 @@ enum ggml_status ggml_backend_view_init(struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
 }
 
 enum ggml_status ggml_backend_tensor_alloc(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * addr) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->buffer == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->data == NULL);
     GGML_ASSERT(tensor->view_src == NULL);
@@ -1825,6 +1908,7 @@ static void graph_copy_init_tensor(struct ggml_hash_set * hash_set, struct ggml_
 }
 
 struct ggml_backend_graph_copy ggml_backend_graph_copy(ggml_backend_t backend, struct ggml_cgraph * graph) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(graph);
     struct ggml_hash_set hash_set = ggml_hash_set_new(graph->visited_hash_set.size);
     struct ggml_tensor ** node_copies = (ggml_tensor **) calloc(hash_set.size, sizeof(node_copies[0])); // NOLINT
     bool * node_init = (bool *) calloc(hash_set.size, sizeof(node_init[0]));
@@ -1969,6 +2053,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_compare_graph_backend(ggml_backend_t backend1, ggml_backend_t
 // CPU backend - buffer
 
 static void * ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     uintptr_t data = (uintptr_t)buffer->context;
 
     // align the buffer
@@ -1980,28 +2065,33 @@ static void * ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_base(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_free_buffer(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     ggml_aligned_free(buffer->context, buffer->size);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_memset_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, uint8_t value, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memset((char *)tensor->data + offset, value, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_set_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, data, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_get_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor, void * data, size_t offset, size_t size) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(tensor);
     memcpy(data, (const char *)tensor->data + offset, size);
 
     GGML_UNUSED(buffer);
 }
 
 static bool ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, const struct ggml_tensor * src, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(src);
     if (ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src->buffer)) {
         memcpy(dst->data, src->data, ggml_nbytes(src));
         return true;
@@ -2012,6 +2102,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_cpy_tensor(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, con
 }
 
 static void ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_clear(ggml_backend_buffer_t buffer, uint8_t value) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(buffer);
     memset(buffer->context, value, buffer->size);
 }
 

ggml/src/ggml-blas/ggml-blas.cpp

@@ -270,6 +270,7 @@ static struct ggml_backend_i blas_backend_i = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_blas_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
     /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .optimize_graph          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_blas_guid(void) {

ggml/src/ggml-cann/common.h

@@ -360,6 +360,30 @@ struct ggml_cann_graph {
 };
 #endif  // USE_ACL_GRAPH
 
+struct ggml_cann_rope_cache {
+    ~ggml_cann_rope_cache() {
+        if(theta_scale_cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(theta_scale_cache));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void* theta_scale_cache = nullptr;
+    int64_t theta_scale_length = 0;
+    float theta_scale = 0.0f;
+    float freq_scale = 0.0f;
+};
+
+struct ggml_cann_tensor_cache {
+    ~ggml_cann_tensor_cache() {
+        if(cache != nullptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(cache));
+        }
+    }
+
+    void* cache = nullptr;
+    int64_t size = 0;
+};
+
 /**
  * @brief Context for managing CANN backend operations.
  */
@@ -368,21 +392,18 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
     std::string name;                /**< Name of the device. */
     std::string description;         /**< Description of the device. */
     aclrtEvent copy_event = nullptr; /**< Event for managing copy operations. */
-    void* init_ptr = nullptr;
-    void* sin_ptr = nullptr;
-    void* cos_ptr = nullptr;
-    int64_t max_prompt_length = 65536;
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
     /// Cached CANN ACL graph used for executing the current ggml computation graph.
     std::unique_ptr<ggml_cann_graph> cann_graph;
+    bool acl_graph_mode = true;
 #endif
     cann_task_queue task_queue;
     bool async_mode;
-    bool support_set_rows;
-    void* f32_zero_cache = nullptr;
-    void* f32_one_cache = nullptr;
-    int64_t f32_zero_cache_element = 0;
-    int64_t f32_one_cache_element = 0;
+    // Rope Cache
+    ggml_cann_rope_cache rope_cache;
+    // Constant Pool
+    ggml_cann_tensor_cache rms_norm_one_tensor_cache;
+    ggml_cann_tensor_cache rms_norm_zero_tensor_cache;
 
     aclrtStream streams[GGML_CANN_MAX_STREAMS] = {nullptr}; /**< Array of streams for the device. */
 
@@ -398,14 +419,13 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
         async_mode = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_ASYNC_MODE").value_or(""));
         GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d async operator submission is %s\n", __func__,
             device, async_mode ? "ON" : "OFF");
-
-        support_set_rows = parse_bool(get_env("LLAMA_SET_ROWS").value_or(""));
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: LLAMA_SET_ROWS is %s\n", __func__, support_set_rows ? "ON" : "OFF");
-
-        if (!support_set_rows) {
-            GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: CANN Graph currently only supports execution when LLAMA_SET_ROWS is ON. "
-                    "Falling back to eager mode.\n", __func__);
-        }
+#ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
+        acl_graph_mode = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_ACL_GRAPH").value_or("on"));
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d execution mode is %s (%s)\n",
+              __func__, device,
+              acl_graph_mode ? "GRAPH" : "EAGER",
+              acl_graph_mode ? "acl graph enabled" : "acl graph disabled");
+#endif
     }
 
     /**
@@ -422,15 +442,6 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
                 ACL_CHECK(aclrtDestroyStream(streams[i]));
             }
         }
-        if(init_ptr != nullptr) {
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(init_ptr));
-        }
-        if(sin_ptr != nullptr) {
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(sin_ptr));
-        }
-        if(cos_ptr != nullptr) {
-            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(cos_ptr));
-        }
     }
 
     /**

ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp

@@ -1116,30 +1116,65 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_buffer_init_tensor(
     return GGML_STATUS_SUCCESS;
 }
 
-// ND to NZ Workspace Cache Management. Thread-safety: Not guaranteed
-namespace {
-    void* g_nz_workspace = nullptr;
-    size_t g_nz_workspace_allocated = 0;
+/**
+ * @brief Workspace for caching NZ buffers per device.
+ *
+ * This struct manages a device buffer used in NZ computations. It supports
+ * allocation, reallocation, and clearing of cached memory. The struct is
+ * designed to be used with a global array, one per device.
+ */
+struct ggml_cann_nz_workspace {
+    void*  ptr;       // Pointer to allocated device buffer
+    size_t allocated; // Size of currently allocated buffer in bytes
 
-    void release_nz_workspace() {
-        if (g_nz_workspace) {
-            aclrtFree(g_nz_workspace);
-            g_nz_workspace = nullptr;
-            g_nz_workspace_allocated = 0;
+    /**
+     * @brief Constructor. Initializes the workspace with no allocated memory.
+     */
+    ggml_cann_nz_workspace() : ptr(nullptr), allocated(0) {}
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Free cached memory and reset the workspace.
+     *
+     * If a buffer has been allocated, this function releases it using
+     * aclrtFree and resets internal state.
+     */
+    void clear() {
+        if (ptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtFree(ptr));
+            ptr = nullptr;
+            allocated = 0;
         }
     }
 
-    void relloc_nz_workspace(size_t new_size) {
-        if (new_size > g_nz_workspace_allocated) {
-        if (g_nz_workspace) {
-            aclrtFree(g_nz_workspace);
-            g_nz_workspace = nullptr;
+    /**
+     * @brief Allocate or reallocate the workspace buffer.
+     *
+     * If the requested size is larger than the currently allocated size,
+     * the old buffer will be freed and a new buffer of the requested size
+     * will be allocated on the device.
+     *
+     * @param new_size Size in bytes to allocate for the workspace.
+     */
+    void realloc(size_t new_size) {
+        if (new_size > allocated) {
+            clear();
+            ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&ptr, new_size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
+            allocated = new_size;
         }
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMalloc(&g_nz_workspace, new_size, ACL_MEM_MALLOC_HUGE_FIRST));
-        g_nz_workspace_allocated = new_size;
     }
-    }
-}
+
+    /**
+     * @brief Get the device buffer pointer.
+     *
+     * @return Pointer to the allocated buffer, or nullptr if not allocated.
+     */
+    void* get() const { return ptr; }
+};
+
+/**
+ * @brief Global array of NZ workspaces, one per device.
+ */
+static ggml_cann_nz_workspace g_nz_workspaces[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
 
 /**
  * @brief Convert tensor weights to NZ format using Ascend CANN API.
@@ -1149,13 +1184,13 @@ namespace {
  * improve performance on certain hardware.
  *
  * @param tensor Pointer to the input ggml_tensor containing the weights.
- * @param data Pointer to the raw data buffer for the tensor weights.
  * @param offset Byte offset within the tensor data buffer where weights start.
+ * @param device device id.
  *
  * @note The workspace buffer used in this function is managed globally and reused
  *       across calls. This reduces overhead from repeated memory allocation and deallocation.
  */
-static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor *tensor, const void *data, size_t offset) {
+static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor *tensor, size_t offset, int device) {
     aclTensor* weightTransposed = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor, tensor->ne,
                                     tensor->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
     uint64_t workspaceSize = 0;
@@ -1165,7 +1200,9 @@ static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor *tensor, const void *data, size_t of
     ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeightGetWorkspaceSize(weightTransposed,
                                                     &workspaceSize, &executor));
     // Avoid frequent malloc/free of the workspace.
-    relloc_nz_workspace(workspaceSize);
+    g_nz_workspaces[device].realloc(workspaceSize);
+
+    void* g_nz_workspace = g_nz_workspaces[device].get();
 
     ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeight(g_nz_workspace, workspaceSize, executor, nullptr));
     ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyTensor(weightTransposed));
@@ -1196,14 +1233,14 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_buffer_set_tensor(
     // Why aclrtSynchronizeDevice?
 
     // Only check env once.
-    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or(""));
+    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
     if (!need_transform(tensor->type)) {
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpy((char *)tensor->data + offset, size, data, size,
                               ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE));
         if (weight_to_nz && is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor*)tensor)) {
             GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[2] == 1);
             GGML_ASSERT(tensor->ne[3] == 1);
-            weight_format_to_nz(tensor, data, offset);
+            weight_format_to_nz(tensor, offset, ctx->device);
         }
     } else {
         void *transform_buffer = malloc(size);
@@ -1279,6 +1316,10 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_buffer_cpy_tensor(
                                   ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE));
             return true;
         } else {
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+            // TODO: Support 310p P2P copy
+            return false;
+#endif
             // Different device but can access by peer.
             int32_t canAccessPeer = 0;
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceCanAccessPeer(&canAccessPeer, src_ctx->device,
@@ -1439,7 +1480,7 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(
     int64_t ne0 = tensor->ne[0];
 
     // Only check env once.
-    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or(""));
+    static bool weight_to_nz = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_WEIGHT_NZ").value_or("on"));
 
     // last line must bigger than 32, because every single op deal at
     // least 32 bytes.
@@ -2000,6 +2041,8 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
     GGML_ASSERT(ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_src) ||
                 ggml_backend_is_cann(backend_dst));
 
+    GGML_ASSERT(!is_matmul_weight((const ggml_tensor*)src));
+
     if (!ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(src->buffer) ||
         !ggml_backend_buffer_is_cann(dst->buffer)) {
         return false;
@@ -2020,6 +2063,10 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
         return true;
     }
     if (backend_src != backend_dst) {
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+        // TODO: Support 310p P2P copy
+        return false;
+#endif
         ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* buf_ctx_src =
             (ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context*)buf_src->context;
         ggml_backend_cann_buffer_context* buf_ctx_dst =
@@ -2036,7 +2083,6 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
         }
 
         // need open both directions for memcpyasync between devices.
-        ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx_dst->device);
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(cann_ctx_src->device, 0));
         ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx_src->device);
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(cann_ctx_dst->device, 0));
@@ -2046,9 +2092,17 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size,
                                    ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
                                    cann_ctx_src->stream()));
+        // record event on src stream after the copy
+        // TODO: this event is not effective with acl graph mode, change to use aclrtSynchronizeStream
+        // if (!cann_ctx_src->copy_event) {
+        //     ACL_CHECK(aclrtCreateEventWithFlag(&cann_ctx_src->copy_event, ACL_EVENT_SYNC));
+        // }
+        // ACL_CHECK(aclrtRecordEvent(cann_ctx_src->copy_event, cann_ctx_src->stream()));
 
-        //TODO: workaround for Event didn`t work here.
-        aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx_src->stream());
+        // // wait on dst stream for the copy to complete
+        // ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx_dst->device);
+        // ACL_CHECK(aclrtStreamWaitEvent(cann_ctx_dst->stream(), cann_ctx_src->copy_event));
+        ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx_src->stream()));
     } else {
         // src and dst are on the same backend
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size,
@@ -2246,13 +2300,13 @@ static enum ggml_status ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute(
     ggml_backend_cann_context* cann_ctx =
         (ggml_backend_cann_context*)backend->context;
     ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx->device);
-    release_nz_workspace();
+    g_nz_workspaces[cann_ctx->device].clear();
+
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
     bool use_cann_graph = true;
     bool cann_graph_update_required = false;
 
-    // check environment LLAMA_SET_ROWS
-    if (!cann_ctx->support_set_rows) {
+    if (!cann_ctx->acl_graph_mode) {
         use_cann_graph = false;
     }
 
@@ -2336,7 +2390,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not suppor on 310p device
+                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
                     return false;
 #endif
                     // only support contiguous for quantized types.
@@ -2354,7 +2408,7 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q8_0:
                 case GGML_TYPE_Q4_0:
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
-                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not suppor on 310p device
+                    // Q4 && Q8 per group is not support on 310p device
                     return false;
 #endif
                     // only support contiguous for quantized types.
@@ -2405,16 +2459,10 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
         }
         case GGML_OP_ROPE: {
             // TODO: with ops-test v == 1
-            float ext_factor = 0.0f;
-            memcpy(&ext_factor, (const float *) op->op_params + 7, sizeof(float));
             // TODO: n_dims <= ne0
             if (op->src[0]->ne[0] != op->op_params[1]) {
                 return false;
             }
-            // TODO: ext_factor != 0
-            if (ext_factor != 0) {
-                return false;
-            }
 
             const int mode = ((const int32_t *) op->op_params)[2];
             if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE) {
@@ -2423,10 +2471,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
             if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION) {
                 return false;
             }
-
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
             if(!ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])){
                 return false;
             }
+#endif
             return true;
         }
         case GGML_OP_UPSCALE: {
@@ -2488,15 +2537,17 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
         case GGML_OP_ARGMAX:
         case GGML_OP_COS:
         case GGML_OP_SIN:
-        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
         case GGML_OP_LOG:
         case GGML_OP_MEAN:
         case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
         case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D:
+            // TODO: ((weightL - 1) * dilationW - padLeft)=1336 should not be larger than 255.
+            return (op->src[0]->ne[0] - 1) <= 255;
         case GGML_OP_SCALE:
             float bias;
-            memcpy(&bias, (float*)op->op_params + 1, sizeof(float));
+            memcpy(&bias, (const float *)(op->op_params) + 1, sizeof(float));
             return bias == 0.0f; // TODO: support bias != 0.0f
         case GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX:
             // TODO: support attention sinks [TAG_ATTN_SINKS]
@@ -2505,6 +2556,10 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
             }
             return true;
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:{
+#ifdef ASCEND_310P
+            // FA not support on 310p device
+            return false;
+#endif
             // derived from [ggml-cuda.cu]
             if(op->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16 || op->src[2]->type != GGML_TYPE_F16){
                 return false;
@@ -2523,15 +2578,12 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev,
                 // different head sizes of K and V are not supported yet
                 return false;
             }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 192) {
-                return false;
-            }
-            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] == 576) {
-                // DeepSeek MLA
+            if (op->src[0]->ne[0] % 16 != 0) {
+                // TODO: padding to support
                 return false;
             }
             float logitSoftcap = 0.0f;
-            memcpy(&logitSoftcap,  (float*)op->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+            memcpy(&logitSoftcap, (const float *)(op->op_params) + 2, sizeof(float));
             if(logitSoftcap != 0.0f) {
                 return false;
             }
@@ -2638,6 +2690,7 @@ static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cann_interface = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_cann_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ ggml_backend_cann_event_record,
     /* .event_wait              = */ ggml_backend_cann_event_wait,
+    /* .optimize_graph          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 /**

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -433,15 +433,22 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c
             ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/repack.cpp
             )
-        if (GGML_RVV)
-            if (GGML_XTHEADVECTOR)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gc_xtheadvector -mabi=lp64d)
-            elseif (GGML_RV_ZFH)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gcv_zfhmin -mabi=lp64d)
-            else()
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=rv64gcv -mabi=lp64d)
+        set(MARCH_STR "rv64gc")
+        if (GGML_RV_ZFH)
+            string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zfh")
+        endif()
+        if (GGML_XTHEADVECTOR)
+            string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_xtheadvector")
+        elseif (GGML_RVV)
+            string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_v")
+            if (GGML_RV_ZVFH)
+                string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zvfh")
             endif()
         endif()
+        if (GGML_RV_ZICBOP)
+            string(APPEND MARCH_STR "_zicbop")
+        endif()
+        list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS "-march=${MARCH_STR}" -mabi=lp64d)
     elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "s390x")
         message(STATUS "s390x detected")
         list(APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c)
@@ -450,7 +457,6 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
 
         # TODO: Separation to determine activation of VX/VXE/VXE2
         if (${S390X_M} MATCHES "8561|8562")
-            set(GGML_NNPA OFF)
             message(STATUS "z15 target")
             list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=z15)
         elseif (${S390X_M} MATCHES "3931")
@@ -472,11 +478,6 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mvx -mzvector)
             list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_VXE)
         endif()
-
-        if (GGML_NNPA)
-            message(STATUS "NNPA enabled")
-            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_NNPA)
-        endif()
     elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "wasm")
         message(STATUS "Wasm detected")
         list (APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES ggml-cpu/arch/wasm/quants.c)
@@ -497,9 +498,9 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
 
         # Fetch KleidiAI sources:
         include(FetchContent)
-        set(KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG "v1.11.0")
+        set(KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG "v1.13.0")
         set(KLEIDIAI_DOWNLOAD_URL "https://github.com/ARM-software/kleidiai/archive/refs/tags/${KLEIDIAI_COMMIT_TAG}.tar.gz")
-        set(KLEIDIAI_ARCHIVE_MD5  "3fe9e5ab964c375c53839296eb71eaa2")
+        set(KLEIDIAI_ARCHIVE_MD5  "d82a8de939d9814621a5ba23907bdac1")
 
         if (POLICY CMP0135)
             cmake_policy(SET CMP0135 NEW)
@@ -555,6 +556,7 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
 
         list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32.c
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.c)
@@ -576,7 +578,8 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.c
-                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.c)
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/kai_common_sme_asm.S)
             set(PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS "-fno-tree-vectorize;${PRIVATE_ARCH_FLAGS}+sve+sve2")
         endif()
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c

@@ -1270,29 +1270,40 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const float d = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d);
             const float dmin = y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
 
-            int tmp, tmp2, sumi;
+            float ftmp, ft2;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q40;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q41;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q42;
+            const uint8_t * restrict q43;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q80;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q81;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q82;
+            const int8_t  * restrict q83;
+            int s0, s1, s2, s3;
+
             __asm__ __volatile__(
-                "vsetivli zero, 12, e8, m1\n\t"
-                "vle8.v v1, (%[s6b])\n\t" // {aux[0], aux[1], aux[2]}
-                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
+                "li %[s1], 8\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vle32.v v1, (%[s6b])\n\t"
+                "vslide1down.vx v1, v1, zero\n\t"
+                "vmv.v.x v16, zero\n\t"
                 "vslidedown.vi v2, v1, 2\n\t"
                 "vmv1r.v v3, v2\n\t"
                 "vslideup.vi v2, v3, 1\n\t" // {aux[2], aux[2]}
-                "vsetivli zero, 2, e32, m1\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 2, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
                 "vmv.v.i v4, 4\n\t"
                 "vand.vx v8, v1, %[kmask1]\n\t"
                 "vslide1up.vx v5, v4, zero\n\t" // {0, 4}
                 "vsrl.vi v6, v1, 6\n\t"
                 "vsrl.vv v7, v2, v5\n\t"
+                "vsse32.v v8, (%[utmp]), %[s1]\n\t"
                 "vand.vx v0, v6, %[kmask3]\n\t"
                 "vand.vx v2, v7, %[kmask2]\n\t"
                 "vsll.vi v6, v0, 4\n\t"
-                "li %[t2], 8\n\t"
-                "addi %[t1], %[utmp], 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[s0], %[utmp], 4\n\t"
                 "vor.vv v1, v6, v2\n\t"
-                "vsse32.v v8, (%[utmp]), %[t2]\n\t"
-                "vsse32.v v1, (%[t1]), %[t2]\n\t"
-                "vsetivli zero, 8, e16, m1\n\t"
+                "vsse32.v v1, (%[s0]), %[s1]\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 8, e16, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
                 "vle32.v v2, (%[bsums])\n\t"
                 "vnsrl.wi v0, v2, 0\n\t"
                 "vnsrl.wi v1, v2, 16\n\t"
@@ -1300,13 +1311,131 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                 "vle8.v v3, (%[mins])\n\t"
                 "vzext.vf2 v4, v3\n\t"
                 "vwmul.vv v6, v4, v2\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vredsum.vs v0, v6, v16\n\t"
+                "vredsum.vs v0, v7, v0\n\t"
+                "vfcvt.f.x.v v0, v0\n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s %[ftmp], v0\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 16, e8, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v0, (%[xs])\n\t"
+                "fnmsub.s %[sumf], %[dmin], %[ftmp], %[sumf]\n\t"
+                "addi %[q40], %[xs], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q41], %[xs], 16\n\t"
+                "addi %[q42], %[xs], 32\n\t"
+                "addi %[q43], %[xs], 48\n\t"
+                "addi %[q80], %[ys], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v1, (%[q41])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v2, (%[q42])\n\t"
+                "addi %[q81], %[ys], 16\n\t"
+                "addi %[q41], %[q41], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q82], %[ys], 32\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v3, (%[q43])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v8, (%[ys])\n\t"
+                "addi %[q42], %[q42], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q83], %[ys], 48\n\t"
+                "addi %[q43], %[q43], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v9, (%[q81])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v10, (%[q82])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v0, v0, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q81], %[q81], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v5, v1, 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[q82], %[q82], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v11, (%[q83])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v12, (%[q80])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v1, v1, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q83], %[q83], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v6, v2, 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[q80], %[q80], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v13, (%[q81])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v14, (%[q82])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v2, v2, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q81], %[q81], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v7, v3, 4\n\t"
+                "addi %[q82], %[q82], 64\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v15, (%[q83])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v0, (%[q40])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v3, v3, 0xF\n\t"
+                "addi %[q83], %[q83], 64\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v24, v2, v12\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v20, v4, v10\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v28, v6, v14\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v16, v1, v9\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v1, (%[q41])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v2, (%[q42])\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v24, v3, v13\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v20, v5, v11\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v28, v7, v15\n\t"
+                "addi %[q40], %[q80], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q41], %[q81], 64\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v3, (%[q43])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v8, (%[q80])\n\t"
+                "addi %[q42], %[q82], 64\n\t"
+                "addi %[q43], %[q83], 64\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v9, (%[q81])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v10, (%[q82])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v0, v0, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v5, v1, 4\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v7, v3, 4\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v3, v3, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v11, (%[q83])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v12, (%[q40])\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v1, v1, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vsrl.vi v6, v2, 4\n\t"
+                "vand.vi v2, v2, 0xF\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v18, v0, v8\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v13, (%[q41])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v14, (%[q42])\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v26, v2, v12\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v22, v4, v10\n\t"
+                "vwmul.vv v30, v6, v14\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v18, v1, v9\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v15, (%[q43])\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v26, v3, v13\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v22, v5, v11\n\t"
+                "vwmacc.vv v30, v7, v15\n\t"
                 "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                "vredsum.vs v0, v6, v0\n\t"
-                "vmv.x.s %[sumi], v0"
-                : [t1] "=&r" (tmp), [t2] "=&r" (tmp2), [sumi] "=&r" (sumi)
-                : [bsums] "r" (y[i].bsums), [mins] "r" (mins), [utmp] "r" (utmp)
-                , [s6b] "r" (x[i].scales), [kmask1] "r" (kmask1)
+                "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v4, v16, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s0], 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v5, v20, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s1], 1(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v6, v24, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s2], 2(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v7, v28, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[s3], 3(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v8, v18, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q40], 4(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v9, v22, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q41], 5(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v10, v26, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q42], 6(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vwredsum.vs v11, v30, v0\n\t"
+                "lbu %[q43], 7(%[scale])\n\t"
+                "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1, ta, ma\n\t"
+                "vmul.vx v0, v4, %[s0]\n\t"
+                "vmul.vx v1, v8, %[q40]\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v0, %[s1], v5\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v1, %[q41], v9\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v0, %[s2], v6\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v1, %[q42], v10\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v0, %[s3], v7\n\t"
+                "vmacc.vx v1, %[q43], v11\n\t"
+                "vfcvt.f.x.v v0, v0\n\t"
+                "vfcvt.f.x.v v1, v1\n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s %[ft2], v0\n\t"
+                "vfmv.f.s %[ftmp], v1\n\t"
+                "fadd.s %[ft2], %[ft2], %[ftmp]\n\t"
+                "fmadd.s %[sumf], %[d], %[ft2], %[sumf]"
+                : [ftmp] "=&f" (ftmp), [sumf] "+&f" (sumf), [ft2] "=&f" (ft2)
+                , [s0] "=&r" (s0), [s1] "=&r" (s1), [s2] "=&r" (s2), [s3] "=&r" (s3)
+                , [q40] "=&r" (q40), [q41] "=&r" (q41), [q42] "=&r" (q42), [q43] "=&r" (q43)
+                , [q80] "=&r" (q80), [q81] "=&r" (q81), [q82] "=&r" (q82), [q83] "=&r" (q83)
+                : [d] "f" (d), [ys] "r" (y[i].qs), [xs] "r" (x[i].qs), [scale] "r" (scales)
+                , [bsums] "r" (y[i].bsums), [mins] "r" (mins), [utmp] "r" (utmp)
+                , [s6b] "r" (&x[i]), [kmask1] "r" (kmask1), [dmin] "f" (dmin)
                 , [kmask2] "r" (kmask2), [kmask3] "r" (kmask3)
                 : "memory"
                 , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
@@ -1314,59 +1443,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                 , "v16", "v17", "v18", "v19", "v20", "v21", "v22", "v23"
                 , "v24", "v25", "v26", "v27", "v28", "v29", "v30", "v31"
             );
-            sumf -= dmin * sumi;
-
-            const uint8_t * restrict q4 = x[i].qs;
-            const int8_t  * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
-
-            sumi = 0;
-            const uint8_t * scale = scales;
-
-            for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
-                int vl128 = 128, vl64 = 64, vl32 = 32;
-                __asm__ __volatile__(
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q8])\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v0, (%[q4])\n\t"
-                    "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
-                    "vand.vi v0, v0, 0xF\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v28, v6, v14\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v20, v4, v10\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v24, v2, v12\n\t"
-                    "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v2, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                    "vzext.vf4 v1, v2\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e16, m4\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v6, v24, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v7, v28, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v4, v16, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v5, v20, v0\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v6, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v4, v5, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v4, v6, 2\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v8, v4, v1\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v8, v0\n\t"
-                    "vmv.x.s %[tmp], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[sumi], %[sumi], %[tmp]"
-                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [sumi] "+&r" (sumi)
-                    : [vl128] "r" (vl128), [vl64] "r" (vl64), [vl32] "r" (vl32)
-                    , [q4] "r" (q4), [q8] "r" (q8), [scale] "r" (scale)
-                    : "memory"
-                    , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
-                    , "v8", "v9", "v10", "v11", "v12", "v13", "v14", "v15"
-                    , "v16", "v17", "v18", "v19", "v20", "v21", "v22", "v23"
-                    , "v24", "v25", "v26", "v27", "v28", "v29", "v30", "v31"
-                );
-
-                q4 += 64;    q8 += 128;    scale += 4;
-            }
-
-            sumf += d * sumi;
         }
         break;
     default:
@@ -1693,6 +1769,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     case 128:
         for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
 
+            __builtin_prefetch(&x[i + 1].d, 0, 1);
+
             const float d = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].d) * y[i].d;
 
             const uint8_t * restrict q6 = x[i].ql;
@@ -1701,23 +1779,59 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
             const int8_t * restrict scale = x[i].scales;
 
-            int sum_t = 0;
-            int t0;
+            int q6h;
+            float ftmp;
 
             for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
                 __asm__ __volatile__(
+                    "addi %[q6h], %[q6], 32\n\t"
+                    "ld t0, 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[scale], %[scale], 8\n\t"
+                    "slli t6, t0, 1 * 8\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q6])\n\t"
+                    "slli t5, t0, 2 * 8\n\t"
+                    "slli t4, t0, 3 * 8\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q6h])\n\t"
+                    "slli t3, t0, 4 * 8\n\t"
+                    "slli t2, t0, 5 * 8\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[qh])\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 31(%[q6h])\n\t"
+                    "slli t1, t0, 6 * 8\n\t"
+                    "srai a7, t0, 56\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q6])\n\t"
+                    "srai t6, t6, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t5, t5, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t4, t4, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t3, t3, 56\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v10, (%[q6h])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[q6], %[q6], 64\n\t"
+                    "slli t0, t0, 7 * 8\n\t"
+                    "srai t2, t2, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t1, t1, 56\n\t"
+                    "srai t0, t0, 56\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v4, (%[qh])\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v12, v8, 4\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v14, v10, 4\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v8, v8, 0xF\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v10, v10, 0xF\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 32(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vsll.vi v0, v4, 4\n\t"
                     "vsll.vi v2, v4, 2\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 64(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v6, v4, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v8, (%[q6])\n\t"
-                    "vsrl.vi v12, v8, 4\n\t"
-                    "vand.vi v8, v8, 0xF\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
                     "vand.vx v0, v0, %[mask]\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 96(%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "vand.vx v2, v2, %[mask]\n\t"
+                    "vand.vx v4, v4, %[mask]\n\t"
+                    "vand.vx v6, v6, %[mask]\n\t"
                     "vor.vv v8, v8, v0\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 127(%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "vor.vv v10, v10, v2\n\t"
+                    "vor.vv v12, v12, v4\n\t"
+                    "vor.vv v14, v14, v6\n\t"
+                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v0, (%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vsub.vx v8, v8, %[vl32]\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
@@ -1734,34 +1848,34 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                     "vwredsum.vs v13, v28, v0\n\t"
                     "vwredsum.vs v14, v30, v0\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v9, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v8, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v12, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v13, v14, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v13, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v2, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vsext.vf4 v4, v2\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v2, v4, v10\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v2, v0\n\t"
-                    "vmv.x.s %[t0], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[sumi], %[sumi], %[t0]"
-                    : [sumi] "+&r" (sum_t), [t0] "=&r" (t0)
-                    : [qh] "r" (qh), [q6] "r" (q6), [q8] "r" (q8), [scale] "r" (scale)
+                    "vmul.vx v0, v10, t0\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v1, v9, t1\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, t2, v8\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, t3, v7\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, t4, v11\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, t5, v12\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, t6, v13\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, a7, v14\n\t"
+                    "vadd.vv v0, v0, v1\n\t"
+                    "vfcvt.f.x.v v0, v0\n\t"
+                    "vfmv.f.s %[ftmp], v0\n\t"
+                    "fmadd.s %[sumf], %[d], %[ftmp], %[sumf]"
+                    : [q6] "+&r" (q6), [q6h] "=&r" (q6h)
+                    , [scale] "+&r" (scale)
+                    , [sumf] "+&f" (sumf), [ftmp] "=&f" (ftmp)
+                    : [qh] "r" (qh), [q8] "r" (q8)
                     , [vl32] "r" (32), [vl64] "r" (64), [vl128] "r" (128)
-                    , [mask] "r" (0x30)
+                    , [mask] "r" (0x30), [d] "f" (d)
                     : "memory"
                     , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
                     , "v8", "v9", "v10", "v11", "v12", "v13", "v14", "v15"
                     , "v16", "v17", "v18", "v19", "v20", "v21", "v22", "v23"
                     , "v24", "v25", "v26", "v27", "v28", "v29", "v30", "v31"
+                    , "t0", "t1", "t2", "t3", "t4", "t5", "t6", "a7"
+                    , "a6", "a5", "a4", "a3"
                 );
-                q6 += 64;   qh += 32;   q8 += 128;   scale += 8;
+                qh += 32;   q8 += 128;
             }
-
-            sumf += d * sum_t;
-
         }
         break;
     default:

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/quants.c

@@ -53,9 +53,9 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        __vector float srcv [8];
-        __vector float asrcv[8];
-        __vector float amaxv[8];
+        float32x4_t srcv [8];
+        float32x4_t asrcv[8];
+        float32x4_t amaxv[8];
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = vec_xl(0, x + i*32 + 4*j);
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vec_abs(srcv[j]);
@@ -74,8 +74,8 @@ void quantize_row_q8_0(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
         y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            const __vector float v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
-            const __vector int32_t vi = vec_signed(v);
+            const float32x4_t v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
+            const int32x4_t vi = vec_signed(v);
 
             y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vec_extract(vi, 0);
             y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vec_extract(vi, 1);
@@ -98,9 +98,9 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
     for (int i = 0; i < nb; i++) {
-        __vector float srcv [8];
-        __vector float asrcv[8];
-        __vector float amaxv[8];
+        float32x4_t srcv [8];
+        float32x4_t asrcv[8];
+        float32x4_t amaxv[8];
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) srcv[j] = vec_xl(0, x + i*32 + 4*j);
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) asrcv[j] = vec_abs(srcv[j]);
@@ -118,11 +118,11 @@ void quantize_row_q8_1(const float * GGML_RESTRICT x, void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, i
 
         y[i].d = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(d);
 
-        __vector int32_t acc = vec_splats(0);
+        int32x4_t acc = vec_splats(0);
 
         for (int j = 0; j < 8; j++) {
-            const __vector float v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
-            const __vector int32_t vi = vec_signed(v);
+            const float32x4_t v = vec_mul(srcv[j], vec_splats(id));
+            const int32x4_t vi = vec_signed(v);
 
             y[i].qs[4*j + 0] = vec_extract(vi, 0);
             y[i].qs[4*j + 1] = vec_extract(vi, 1);
@@ -162,37 +162,36 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
-    __vector float acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
-    const __vector uint8_t v_m = vec_splats((const uint8_t)0x0F);
-    const __vector int8_t  v_s = vec_splats( (const int8_t)0x08);
+    const uint8x16_t v_m = vec_splats((const uint8_t)0x0F);
+    const int8x16_t  v_s = vec_splats( (const int8_t)0x08);
 
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
-        const __vector uint8_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x[ib].qs);
-        const __vector int8_t v_xl = (const __vector int8_t)(v_x & v_m);
-        const __vector int8_t v_xh = (const __vector int8_t)(v_x >> 4);
+        const uint8x16_t v_x = vec_xl(0, x[ib].qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_xl = (const int8x16_t)(v_x & v_m);
+        const int8x16_t v_xh = (const int8x16_t)(v_x >> 4);
 
-        const __vector int8_t v_xls = vec_sub(v_xl, v_s);
-        const __vector int8_t v_xhs = vec_sub(v_xh, v_s);
+        const int8x16_t v_xls = vec_sub(v_xl, v_s);
+        const int8x16_t v_xhs = vec_sub(v_xh, v_s);
 
-        const __vector int8_t v_yl = vec_xl(0      , y[ib].qs);
-        const __vector int8_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y[ib].qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yl = vec_xl(0      , y[ib].qs);
+        const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y[ib].qs);
 
-        const __vector int16_t v_xylso = vec_mulo(v_xls, v_yl);
-        const __vector int16_t v_xylse = vec_mule(v_xls, v_yl);
-        const __vector int16_t v_xyhso = vec_mulo(v_xhs, v_yh);
-        const __vector int16_t v_xyhse = vec_mule(v_xhs, v_yh);
+        const int16x8_t v_xylso = vec_mulo(v_xls, v_yl);
+        const int16x8_t v_xylse = vec_mule(v_xls, v_yl);
+        const int16x8_t v_xyhso = vec_mulo(v_xhs, v_yh);
+        const int16x8_t v_xyhse = vec_mule(v_xhs, v_yh);
 
-        __vector int16_t v_xy_ = v_xylso + v_xylse + v_xyhso + v_xyhse; v_xy_ += vec_reve(v_xy_);
+        int16x8_t v_xy_ = v_xylso + v_xylse + v_xyhso + v_xyhse; v_xy_ += vec_reve(v_xy_);
 
-        const __vector float v_xy = vec_float(vec_unpackh(v_xy_));
-        const __vector float v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
+        const float32x4_t v_xy = vec_float(vec_unpackh(v_xy_));
+        const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d));
 
         acc = vec_madd(v_xy, v_d, acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3];
-
+    sumf = vec_hsum_f32x4(acc);
     *s = sumf;
 #else
     UNUSED(nb);
@@ -249,8 +248,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         acc = vec_madd(v_xy, v_d, acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3] + summs;
-
+    sumf = vec_hsum_f32x4(acc) + summs;
     *s = sumf;
 #else
     UNUSED(nb);
@@ -351,7 +349,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         v_sum1 = vec_madd(v_xy1f, v_d1, v_sum1);
     }
 
-    sumf += vec_hsum(v_sum0) + vec_hsum(v_sum1);
+    sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum0) + vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum1);
 
     #pragma GCC unroll 4
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
@@ -390,7 +388,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
         const float32x4_t v_acc = vec_madd(v_xyf, v_d, vec_splats(0.0f));
 
-        sumf += vec_hsum(v_acc);
+        sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_acc);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -502,7 +500,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         v_sum1 = vec_madd(v_xy1f, v_d1, v_sum1);
     }
 
-    sumf += vec_hsum(v_sum0) + vec_hsum(v_sum1) + summs0 + summs1;
+    sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum0) + vec_hsum_f32x4(v_sum1) + summs0 + summs1;
 
     #pragma GCC unroll 4
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
@@ -543,7 +541,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_1_q8_1(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const float32x4_t v_d = vec_splats(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d));
         const float32x4_t v_acc = vec_madd(v_xyf, v_d, v_acc);
 
-        sumf += vec_hsum(v_acc) + summs;
+        sumf += vec_hsum_f32x4(v_acc) + summs;
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -575,7 +573,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     float sumf = 0;
 
 #if defined(__VXE__) || defined(__VXE2__)
-    __vector float acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
+    float32x4_t acc = vec_splats(0.0f);
 
 #pragma GCC unroll 8
     for (; ib < nb; ++ib) {
@@ -594,7 +592,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q8_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         acc = vec_madd(v_xy, v_d, acc);
     }
 
-    sumf = acc[0] + acc[1] + acc[2] + acc[3];
+    sumf = vec_hsum_f32x4(acc);
 
     *s = sumf;
 #else
@@ -718,10 +716,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             isum2 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q3bytes[2], q8bytes[6]);
             isum3 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q3bytes[3], q8bytes[7]);
 
-            isum += (isum0[0] + isum0[1] + isum0[2] + isum0[3]) * scale[0];
-            isum += (isum1[0] + isum1[1] + isum1[2] + isum1[3]) * scale[1];
-            isum += (isum2[0] + isum2[1] + isum2[2] + isum2[3]) * scale[2];
-            isum += (isum3[0] + isum3[1] + isum3[2] + isum3[3]) * scale[3];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum0) * scale[0];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum1) * scale[1];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum2) * scale[2];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(isum3) * scale[3];
 
             scale += 4;
 
@@ -819,7 +817,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             v_xl[1] = (int8x16_t)vec_and(v_x[1], v_lm);
 
             const int32x4_t p1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, v_xl[0], v_y[0]), v_xl[1], v_y[1]);
-            sumi1 += (p1[0] + p1[1] + p1[2] + p1[3]) * scales[2*j+0];
+            sumi1 += vec_hsum_i32x4(p1) * scales[2*j+0];
 
             v_y[0] = vec_xl(0 , y0);
             v_y[1] = vec_xl(16, y0);
@@ -829,7 +827,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             v_xl[1] = (int8x16_t)vec_sr(v_x[1], 4);
 
             const int32x4_t p2 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, v_xl[0], v_y[0]), v_xl[1], v_y[1]);
-            sumi2 += (p2[0] + p2[1] + p2[2] + p2[3]) * scales[2*j+1];
+            sumi2 += vec_hsum_i32x4(p2) * scales[2*j+1];
         }
 
         sumf += d * (sumi1 + sumi2);
@@ -911,7 +909,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int32x4_t v_minsho = vec_mulo(v_ysums, v_minsh);
         const int32x4_t v_minshe = vec_mule(v_ysums, v_minsh);
         const int32x4_t v_mins = vec_add(v_minsho, v_minshe);
-        const int32_t mins = v_mins[0] + v_mins[1] + v_mins[2] + v_mins[3];
+        const int32_t mins = vec_hsum_i32x4(v_mins);
 
         const uint8_t * scales = (const uint8_t *)utmp;
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT x0l = x[i].qs;
@@ -948,8 +946,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q5_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             int32x4_t sumi0 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q5b[0], v_y[0]), q5b[1], v_y[1]);
             int32x4_t sumi1 = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q5b[2], v_y[2]), q5b[3], v_y[3]);
 
-            sumi += (sumi0[0] + sumi0[1] + sumi0[2] + sumi0[3]) * *scales++;
-            sumi += (sumi1[0] + sumi1[1] + sumi1[2] + sumi1[3]) * *scales++;
+            sumi += vec_hsum_i32x4(sumi0) * *scales++;
+            sumi += vec_hsum_i32x4(sumi1) * *scales++;
         }
 
         sumf += d * sumi - dmin * mins;
@@ -1020,7 +1018,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const int32x4_t v_minshe = vec_mule(v_ysumsh, v_scaleh);
         const int32x4_t v_mins = v_minslo + v_minsle + v_minsho + v_minshe;
 
-        const int32_t mins = v_mins[0] + v_mins[1] + v_mins[2] + v_mins[3];
+        const int32_t mins = vec_hsum_i32x4(v_mins);
 
         int32_t isum = 0;
         for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
@@ -1060,10 +1058,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             int32x4_t summs2 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[2], v_y[2]);
             int32x4_t summs3 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[3], v_y[3]);
 
-            isum += (summs0[0] + summs0[1] + summs0[2] + summs0[3]) * scale[0] +
-                    (summs1[0] + summs1[1] + summs1[2] + summs1[3]) * scale[1] +
-                    (summs2[0] + summs2[1] + summs2[2] + summs2[3]) * scale[2] +
-                    (summs3[0] + summs3[1] + summs3[2] + summs3[3]) * scale[3];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(summs0) * scale[0] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs1) * scale[1] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs2) * scale[2] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs3) * scale[3];
 
             scale += 4;
 
@@ -1094,10 +1092,10 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             summs2 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[2], v_y[2]);
             summs3 = ggml_vec_dot(v_z, q6b[3], v_y[3]);
 
-            isum += (summs0[0] + summs0[1] + summs0[2] + summs0[3]) * scale[0] +
-                    (summs1[0] + summs1[1] + summs1[2] + summs1[3]) * scale[1] +
-                    (summs2[0] + summs2[1] + summs2[2] + summs2[3]) * scale[2] +
-                    (summs3[0] + summs3[1] + summs3[2] + summs3[3]) * scale[3];
+            isum += vec_hsum_i32x4(summs0) * scale[0] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs1) * scale[1] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs2) * scale[2] +
+                    vec_hsum_i32x4(summs3) * scale[3];
 
             scale += 4;
         }
@@ -1285,7 +1283,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_nl_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
         const int8x16_t v_yh = vec_xl(QK8_0/2, y0->qs);
         const int32x4_t v_xy = ggml_vec_dot(ggml_vec_dot(vec_splats(0), v_xl, v_yl), v_xh, v_yh);
 
-        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d) * (v_xy[0] + v_xy[1] + v_xy[2] + v_xy[3]);
+        sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x0->d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y0->d) * vec_hsum_i32x4(v_xy);
     }
 
     *s = sumf;
@@ -1354,8 +1352,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_iq4_xs_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const v
 
             h >>= 4;
 
-            sumi1 += (vsumi0[0] + vsumi0[1] + vsumi0[2] + vsumi0[3]) * ls1;
-            sumi2 += (vsumi1[0] + vsumi1[1] + vsumi1[2] + vsumi1[3]) * ls2;
+            sumi1 += vec_hsum_i32x4(vsumi0) * ls1;
+            sumi2 += vec_hsum_i32x4(vsumi1) * ls2;
         }
 
         sumf += GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ibl].d) * y[ibl].d * (sumi1 + sumi2);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h

@@ -68,12 +68,6 @@ struct ggml_compute_params {
 #endif  // __VXE2__
 #endif  // __s390x__ && __VEC__
 
-#if defined(__s390x__) && defined(GGML_NNPA)
-#ifndef __NNPA__
-#define __NNPA__
-#endif  // __NNPA__
-#endif  // __s390x__ && GGML_NNPA
-
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
 #include <sys/prctl.h>
 #endif
@@ -489,11 +483,16 @@ inline static int16x8_t vec_padd_s16(int16x8_t a, int16x8_t b) {
 /**
  * @see https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/14037
  */
-inline float vec_hsum(float32x4_t v) {
+inline static float vec_hsum_f32x4(float32x4_t v) {
     float32x4_t v_temp = v + vec_reve(v);
     return v_temp[0] + v_temp[1];
 }
 
+inline static int32_t vec_hsum_i32x4(int32x4_t v) {
+    int32x4_t v_temp = v + vec_reve(v);
+    return v_temp[0] + v_temp[1];
+}
+
 inline static int32x4_t ggml_vec_dot(int32x4_t acc, int8x16_t a, int8x16_t b) {
     const int16x8_t p = vec_mule(a, b) + vec_mulo(a, b);
     return acc + (vec_unpackh(p) + vec_unpackl(p));

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c

@@ -373,6 +373,9 @@ static const struct ggml_type_traits_cpu type_traits_cpu[GGML_TYPE_COUNT] = {
         .vec_dot_type             = GGML_TYPE_Q8_K,
         .nrows                    = 1,
     },
+    [GGML_TYPE_I32] = {
+        .from_float               = (ggml_from_float_t) ggml_cpu_fp32_to_i32,
+    },
 };
 
 const struct ggml_type_traits_cpu * ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(enum ggml_type type) {
@@ -1876,6 +1879,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_im2col_back_f32(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(params, tensor);
@@ -2255,6 +2262,7 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
             } break;
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL_BACK:
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_3D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
@@ -2691,7 +2699,10 @@ struct ggml_cplan ggml_graph_plan(
                         if (ggml_is_quantized(node->type) ||
                             // F16 -> BF16 and BF16 -> F16 copies go through intermediate F32
                             (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16  && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) ||
-                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16)) {
+                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) ||
+                            // conversion between F32 and I32
+                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) ||
+                            (node->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && node->src[1] && node->src[1]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32)) {
                             cur = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32) * node->ne[0] * n_tasks;
                         }
                     } break;
@@ -3206,20 +3217,12 @@ void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_fp16(const float * x, ggml_fp16_t * y, int64_t n) {
         __m128i y_vec = _mm_cvtps_ph(x_vec, _MM_FROUND_TO_NEAREST_INT);
         _mm_storel_epi64((__m128i *)(y + i), y_vec);
     }
-#elif defined(__NNPA__)
-    for (; i + 7 < n; i += 8) {
-        float32x4_t v_xh = vec_xl(0, (const float *)(x + i + 0));
-        float32x4_t v_xl = vec_xl(0, (const float *)(x + i + 4));
-        uint16x8_t v_yd = vec_round_from_fp32(v_xh, v_xl, 0);
-        uint16x8_t v_y = vec_convert_to_fp16(v_yd, 0);
-        vec_xst(v_y, 0, (ggml_fp16_t *)(y + i));
-    }
-    for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
-        float32x4_t v_x = vec_xl(0, (const float *)(x + i));
-        float32x4_t v_zero = vec_splats(0.0f);
-        uint16x8_t v_yd = vec_round_from_fp32(v_x, v_zero, 0);
-        uint16x8_t v_y = vec_convert_to_fp16(v_yd, 0);
-        vec_xst(v_y, 0, (ggml_fp16_t *)(y + i));
+#elif defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t vx = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl);
+        vfloat16m1_t vy = __riscv_vfncvt_f_f_w_f16m1(vx, vl);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m1((_Float16 *)&y[i], vy, vl);
     }
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -3247,21 +3250,6 @@ void ggml_cpu_fp16_to_fp32(const ggml_fp16_t * x, float * y, int64_t n) {
         __m128 y_vec = _mm_cvtph_ps(x_vec);
         _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, y_vec);
     }
-#elif defined(__NNPA__)
-    for (; i + 7 < n; i += 8) {
-        uint16x8_t v_x = vec_xl(0, (const ggml_fp16_t *)(x + i));
-        uint16x8_t v_yd = vec_convert_from_fp16(v_x, 0);
-        float32x4_t v_yh = vec_extend_to_fp32_hi(v_yd, 0);
-        float32x4_t v_yl = vec_extend_to_fp32_lo(v_yd, 0);
-        vec_xst(v_yh, 0, (float *)(y + i + 0));
-        vec_xst(v_yl, 0, (float *)(y + i + 4));
-    }
-    for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
-        uint16x8_t v_x = vec_xl(0, (const ggml_fp16_t *)(x + i));
-        uint16x8_t v_yd = vec_convert_from_fp16(v_x, 0);
-        float32x4_t v_yh = vec_extend_to_fp32_hi(v_yd, 0);
-        vec_xst(v_yh, 0, (float *)(y + i));
-    }
 #endif
 
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -3276,6 +3264,13 @@ void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_bf16(const float * x, ggml_bf16_t * y, int64_t n) {
     }
 }
 
+void ggml_cpu_fp32_to_i32(const float * x, int32_t * y, int64_t n) {
+    int64_t i = 0;
+    for (; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = x[i];
+    }
+}
+
 void ggml_cpu_bf16_to_fp32(const ggml_bf16_t * x, float * y, int64_t n) {
     int64_t i = 0;
 #if defined(__AVX2__)
@@ -3465,14 +3460,6 @@ int ggml_cpu_has_vxe(void) {
 #endif
 }
 
-int ggml_cpu_has_nnpa(void) {
-#if defined(GGML_NNPA)
-    return 1;
-#else
-    return 0;
-#endif
-}
-
 int ggml_cpu_has_neon(void) {
 #if defined(__ARM_ARCH) && defined(__ARM_NEON)
     return 1;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.cpp

@@ -190,6 +190,7 @@ static const struct ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cpu_i = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_cpu_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ NULL,
     /* .event_wait              = */ NULL,
+    /* .optimize_graph          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_cpu_guid(void) {
@@ -348,8 +349,10 @@ static void ggml_backend_cpu_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t *
     long pages = sysconf(_SC_PHYS_PAGES);
     long page_size = sysconf(_SC_PAGE_SIZE);
     *total = pages * page_size;
+
+    // "free" system memory is ill-defined, for practical purposes assume that all of it is free:
     *free = *total;
-#endif
+#endif // _WIN32
 
     GGML_UNUSED(dev);
 }
@@ -576,9 +579,6 @@ static ggml_backend_feature * ggml_backend_cpu_get_features(ggml_backend_reg_t r
         if (ggml_cpu_has_vxe()) {
             features.push_back({ "VXE", "1" });
         }
-        if (ggml_cpu_has_nnpa()) {
-            features.push_back({ "NNPA", "1" });
-        }
         if (ggml_cpu_has_wasm_simd()) {
             features.push_back({ "WASM_SIMD", "1" });
         }

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 
 #include "kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32.h"
+#include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.h"
 
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.h"
@@ -127,6 +128,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
+        },
         /* SME GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
@@ -141,7 +148,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon,
@@ -173,6 +180,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
+        },
         /* SME GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
@@ -187,7 +200,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme,
@@ -222,6 +235,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+        },
         /* DOTPROD GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
@@ -236,7 +255,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
@@ -270,6 +289,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+        },
         /* i8mm GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
@@ -284,7 +309,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
@@ -319,6 +344,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon,
+        },
         /* i8mm GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
@@ -333,7 +364,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
@@ -367,6 +398,12 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+            /* .pack_func             = */ kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
+        },
         /* DOTPROD GEMV */
         /* .kern_info = */ {
             /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
@@ -381,7 +418,7 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
             /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
             /* .run_kernel            = */ kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
         },
-        /* .lhs_info = */ {
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
             /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .get_packed_offset     = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,
             /* .packed_size           = */ kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32,

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.h

@@ -84,8 +84,11 @@ struct rhs_packing_info {
 
 struct ggml_kleidiai_kernels {
     kernel_info gemm;
+    lhs_packing_info gemm_lhs_info;
+
     kernel_info gemv;
-    lhs_packing_info lhs_info;
+    lhs_packing_info gemv_lhs_info;
+
     rhs_packing_info rhs_info;
 
     cpu_feature required_cpu;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp

@@ -123,7 +123,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         }
         ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, op);
         GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
-        kernel_info * kernel = op->src[1]->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        bool is_gemv = op->src[1]->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
 
         size_t k = op->src[0]->ne[0];
         size_t n = op->src[0]->ne[1];
@@ -134,9 +136,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
 
         if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
-            size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
+            size = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->packed_size, m, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
         } else if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-            size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr) +
+            size = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr) +
                    variant_call<size_t>(kernels->rhs_info.packed_size, n, k) +
                    k * n * sizeof(float) + n * sizeof(float);
         } else {
@@ -152,7 +154,7 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
             if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
                 return compute_forward_q4_0(params, dst);
             } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-                return compute_forward_kv_cache(params, dst);
+                return compute_forward_fp16(params, dst);
             }
         } else if (dst->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
             if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
@@ -162,7 +164,7 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         return false;
     }
 
-    bool compute_forward_kv_cache(ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    bool compute_forward_fp16(ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
         static std::atomic_flag first_to_arrive = ATOMIC_FLAG_INIT;
 
         const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
@@ -173,7 +175,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
         GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
 
-        kernel_info * kernel = src1->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        bool is_gemv = src1->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
         GGML_ASSERT(kernel);
 
         const int nth = params->nth;
@@ -198,7 +202,7 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         const int64_t kr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_kr());
         const int64_t sr = static_cast<int64_t>(kernel->get_sr());
 
-        const size_t lhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr);
+        const size_t lhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->packed_size, m, k, mr, kr, sr);
         const size_t rhs_packed_size = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->rhs_info.packed_size, n, k);
         const size_t kxn_size        = k * n * sizeof(float);
         const size_t bias_size       = n * sizeof(float);
@@ -229,12 +233,12 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
                     const int64_t num_m_per_thread = (ith == num_threads - 1) ? num_m_per_threadN_1 : num_m_per_thread0;
 
                     const size_t lhs_offset        = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->gemm.get_lhs_offset, m_start, lhs_stride);
-                    const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(kernels->lhs_info.get_packed_offset, m_start, k, mr, kr, sr);
+                    const size_t lhs_packed_offset = variant_call<size_t>(lhs_info->get_packed_offset, m_start, k, mr, kr, sr);
 
                     const void * src_ptr = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(lhs_batch) + lhs_offset;
                     void * dst_ptr       = static_cast<uint8_t *>(lhs_packed) + lhs_packed_offset;
 
-                    variant_call<void>(kernels->lhs_info.pack_func, num_m_per_thread, k, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, lhs_stride, dst_ptr);
+                    variant_call<void>(lhs_info->pack_func, num_m_per_thread, k, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, lhs_stride, dst_ptr);
                 }
             }
 
@@ -306,8 +310,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
         GGML_ASSERT(kernels);
 
-        kernel_info * kernel = src1->ne[1] == 1 ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
-        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = &kernels->lhs_info;
+        bool is_gemv = src1->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
 
         GGML_ASSERT(kernel);
 
@@ -529,13 +534,8 @@ class extra_buffer_type : ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type {
             if (op->src[0]->buffer && op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type()) {
                 return (ggml::cpu::tensor_traits *) op->src[0]->extra;
             }
-            else if (ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, op) &&
-                     op->src[0]->op == GGML_OP_VIEW &&
-                     (op->src[1]->op == GGML_OP_PERMUTE || op->src[1]->op ==  GGML_OP_SOFT_MAX) &&
-                     op->src[1]->ne[1] > 1) {
-                if ((op->src[0]->nb[0] != 2) ||
-                    (op->src[1]->nb[0] != 4) ||
-                    (op->src[0]->nb[1] * op->src[0]->ne[1] != op->src[0]->nb[2]) ||
+            else if (ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, op) && op->src[1]->ne[1] > 1) {
+                if ((op->src[0]->nb[1] * op->src[0]->ne[1] != op->src[0]->nb[2]) ||
                     (op->src[1]->nb[1] * op->src[1]->ne[1] != op->src[1]->nb[2])) {
                     return nullptr;
                 }

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/llamafile/sgemm.cpp

@@ -2169,94 +2169,117 @@ class tinyBLAS_Q0_PPC {
 class tinyBLAS_PPC {
   public:
     tinyBLAS_PPC(int64_t k,
-                const float *A, int64_t lda,
-                const float *B, int64_t ldb,
-                float *C, int64_t ldc,
+                const float * A, int64_t lda,
+                const float * B, int64_t ldb,
+                float * C, int64_t ldc,
                 int ith, int nth)
         : A(A), B(B), C(C), k(k), lda(lda), ldb(ldb), ldc(ldc), ith(ith), nth(nth) {
     }
 
     void matmul(int64_t m, int64_t n) {
-       mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+        int64_t mc = 256; int64_t nc = 256; int64_t kc = 256;
+        if (m % mc == 0 && n % nc == 0 && k % kc == 0) {
+            matmul_tiled(m, n, mc, nc, kc);
+        } else {
+            mnpack(0, m, 0, n);
+        }
     }
 
   private:
 
-    void (tinyBLAS_PPC::*kernel)(int64_t, int64_t);
-
-    inline void vector_permute_store_4(vector float *src, float *vecOffset) {
-       vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
-           t1 = vec_mergeh(src[0], src[1]);
-           t2 = vec_mergeh(src[2], src[3]);
-           t3 = vec_mergel(src[0], src[1]);
-           t4 = vec_mergel(src[2], src[3]);
-
-           t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-           t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-           t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-           t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-
-           vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-           vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 4);
-           vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 8);
-           vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 12);
-       }
-
-    inline void vector_permute_store_8(vector float *src, float *vecOffset) {
-       vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
-          t1 = vec_mergeh(src[0], src[1]);
-          t2 = vec_mergeh(src[2], src[3]);
-          t3 = vec_mergeh(src[4], src[5]);
-          t4 = vec_mergeh(src[6], src[7]);
-
-          t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-          t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-          t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-          t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-
-          vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
-          vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 4);
-          vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 8);
-          vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 12);
-
-          t1 = vec_mergel(src[0], src[1]);
-          t2 = vec_mergel(src[2], src[3]);
-          t3 = vec_mergel(src[4], src[5]);
-          t4 = vec_mergel(src[6], src[7]);
-
-          t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
-          t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
-          t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
-          t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
-
-          vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset + 16);
-          vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 20);
-          vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 24);
-          vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 28);
+    inline void save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                *((float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
+            }
+        }
     }
 
- void packTranspose(const float* a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, float* vec) {
+    inline void add_save_acc(acc_t * ACC, int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        vec_t vec_C[4];
+        __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, ACC);
+        for (int I = 0; I < 4; I++) {
+            for (int J = 0; J < 4; J++) {
+                float * c_ptr = (float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I);
+                *c_ptr += *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    inline void vector_permute_store_4(vector float * src, float * vecOffset) {
+        vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+        t1 = vec_mergeh(src[0], src[1]);
+        t2 = vec_mergeh(src[2], src[3]);
+        t3 = vec_mergel(src[0], src[1]);
+        t4 = vec_mergel(src[2], src[3]);
+
+        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
+        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
+        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
+        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
+
+        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 4);
+        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 8);
+        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 12);
+    }
+
+    inline void vector_permute_store_8(vector float * src, float * vecOffset) {
+        vector float t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7, t8;
+        t1 = vec_mergeh(src[0], src[1]);
+        t2 = vec_mergeh(src[2], src[3]);
+        t3 = vec_mergeh(src[4], src[5]);
+        t4 = vec_mergeh(src[6], src[7]);
+
+        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
+        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
+        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
+        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
+
+        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset);
+        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 4);
+        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 8);
+        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 12);
+
+        t1 = vec_mergel(src[0], src[1]);
+        t2 = vec_mergel(src[2], src[3]);
+        t3 = vec_mergel(src[4], src[5]);
+        t4 = vec_mergel(src[6], src[7]);
+
+        t5 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 0);
+        t6 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 0);
+        t7 = vec_xxpermdi(t1, t2, 3);
+        t8 = vec_xxpermdi(t3, t4, 3);
+
+        vec_xst(t5, 0, vecOffset + 16);
+        vec_xst(t6, 0, vecOffset + 20);
+        vec_xst(t7, 0, vecOffset + 24);
+        vec_xst(t8, 0, vecOffset + 28);
+    }
+
+    void packTranspose(const float * a, int64_t lda, int rows, int cols, float * vec) {
         int64_t i, j;
         float * aoffsets[8];
-        float *aoffset = NULL, *boffset = NULL;
+        float * aoffset = NULL, * boffset = NULL;
         __vector_pair arr[8];
         vector float c[8][2] = {0};
         vector float c1[8] = {0};
         vector float c2[8] = {0};
-        aoffset = const_cast<float*>(a);
+        aoffset = const_cast<float *>(a);
         boffset = vec;
         j = (rows >> 3);
         if (j > 0) {
-
             do {
                 aoffsets[0] = aoffset;
-                for (int it = 1; it< 8; it++)
+                for (int it = 1; it < 8; it++)
                     aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it-1] + lda;
                 aoffset += 8 * lda;
                 i = (cols >> 3);
                 if (i > 0) {
                     do {
-                        for (int it = 0; it< 8; it++) {
+                        for (int it = 0; it < 8; it++) {
                             arr[it] = __builtin_vsx_lxvp(0, (__vector_pair*)aoffsets[it]);
                             __builtin_vsx_disassemble_pair(c[it], &arr[it]);
                             c1[it] = c[it][0];
@@ -2264,11 +2287,14 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
                         }
 
                         vector_permute_store_8(c1, boffset);
-                        vector_permute_store_8(c2, boffset+32);
-                        for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++)
-                            aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it] + 8*lda;
+                        vector_permute_store_8(c2, boffset + 32);
                         boffset += 64;
                         i--;
+                        if (i > 0) {
+                           for (int it = 0; it < 8; it++) {
+                               aoffsets[it] = aoffsets[it] + 8;
+                           }
+                        }
                     } while(i > 0);
                 }
                 if (cols & 4) {
@@ -2295,9 +2321,9 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
                         c2[it] = c[it][1];
                     }
                     vector_permute_store_4(c1, boffset);
-                    vector_permute_store_4(c2, boffset+16);
+                    vector_permute_store_4(c2, boffset + 16);
                     for (int it = 0; it < 4; it++)
-                        aoffsets[it] += 8*lda;
+                        aoffsets[it] += 8 * lda;
                     boffset += 32;
                     i--;
                 } while(i > 0);
@@ -2325,15 +2351,15 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         vec_t vec_A[4], vec_B[4], vec_C[4];
         acc_t acc_0;
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-        for (int l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            packTranspose(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+        for (int l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 4, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 4, 4, (float *)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], vec_B[1]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[2], vec_B[2]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[3], vec_B[3]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_4x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2341,9 +2367,9 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         acc_t acc_0, acc_1;
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
-        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            packTranspose(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 4, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 4, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 8, 4, (float *)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], (vec_t)vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, vec_A[0], (vec_t)vec_B[1]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], (vec_t)vec_B[2]);
@@ -2353,8 +2379,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[3], (vec_t)vec_B[6]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, vec_A[3], (vec_t)vec_B[7]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii, jj+4);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii, jj + 4);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x4(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2362,9 +2388,9 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         acc_t acc_0, acc_1;
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_1);
-        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l+=4) {
-            packTranspose(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 4, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+        for (int64_t l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 8, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 4, 4, (float *)vec_B);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[1], vec_B[0]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[2], vec_B[1]);
@@ -2374,8 +2400,8 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[6], vec_B[3]);
             __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[7], vec_B[3]);
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii+4, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii + 4, jj);
     }
 
     void KERNEL_8x8(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
@@ -2386,19 +2412,96 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_2);
         __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_3);
         for (int l = 0; l < k; l+=8) {
-            packTranspose(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, 8, 8, (float*)vec_A);
-            packTranspose(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, 8, 8, (float*)vec_B);
+            packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, 8, 8, (float *)vec_A);
+            packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, 8, 8, (float *)vec_B);
             for(int x = 0; x < 16; x+=2) {
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x+1]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_2, (vec_t)vec_A[x+1], vec_B[x]);
-                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_3, (vec_t)vec_A[x+1], vec_B[x+1]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_1, (vec_t)vec_A[x], vec_B[x + 1]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_2, (vec_t)vec_A[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+                __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_3, (vec_t)vec_A[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            }
+        }
+        save_acc(&acc_0, ii, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_1, ii, jj + 4);
+        save_acc(&acc_2, ii + 4, jj);
+        save_acc(&acc_3, ii + 4, jj + 4);
+    }
+
+    inline void MMA_16x8(vec_t * vec_A0, vec_t * vec_A1, vec_t * vec_B, acc_t * acc) {
+        for (int x = 0; x < 16; x += 2) {
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[0], vec_A0[x + 0], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[1], vec_A0[x + 0], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[2], vec_A0[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[3], vec_A0[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[4], vec_A1[x + 0], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[5], vec_A1[x + 0], vec_B[x + 1]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[6], vec_A1[x + 1], vec_B[x]);
+            __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc[7], vec_A1[x + 1], vec_B[x + 1]);
+        }
+    }
+
+    void KERNEL(int64_t ii, int64_t jj, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc, vec_t * vec_A, vec_t * vec_B, int64_t kk) {
+        for (int64_t i = 0; i < mc; i += 16) {
+            int A_base_addr = (mc / 8) * (i / 8) * 16;
+            for (int64_t j = 0; j < nc; j += 8) {
+                 int B_base_addr = (nc / 8) * (j / 8) * 16;
+                 acc_t acc[8];
+                 vec_t A0_block[16]; vec_t A1_block[16];
+                 for (int x = 0; x < 8; x++)
+                     __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc[x]);
+                 for (int64_t l = 0; l < kc; l += 8) {
+                     int A0_block_idx = A_base_addr + (l / 8) * 16;
+                     int A1_block_idx = A0_block_idx + (mc / 8) * 16;
+                     int B_block_idx = B_base_addr + (l / 8) * 16;
+                     vec_t* A0_block = &vec_A[A0_block_idx];
+                     vec_t* A1_block = &vec_A[A1_block_idx];
+                     vec_t* B_block = &vec_B[B_block_idx];
+                     MMA_16x8(A0_block, A1_block, B_block, acc);
+                 }
+                 if (kk == 0) {
+                     save_acc(&acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                     save_acc(&acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                     save_acc(&acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                 } else {
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[0], ii + i, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[1], ii + i, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[2], ii + i + 4, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[3], ii + i + 4, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[4], ii + i + 8, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[5], ii + i + 8, jj + j + 4);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[6], ii + i + 12, jj + j);
+                     add_save_acc(&acc[7], ii + i + 12, jj + j + 4);
+                 }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    void matmul_tiled(int64_t m , int64_t n, int64_t mc, int64_t nc, int64_t kc) {
+        int64_t ytiles = m / mc;
+        int64_t xtiles = n / nc;
+        int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
+        int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
+        int64_t start = duty * ith;
+        int64_t end = start + duty;
+        if (end > tiles) {
+            end = tiles;
+        }
+        for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
+            int64_t ii = (job / xtiles) * mc;
+            int64_t jj = (job % xtiles) * nc;
+            for (int64_t kk = 0; kk < k; kk += kc) {
+                 vec_t A_pack[kc * mc / 4];
+                 vec_t B_pack[kc * nc / 4];
+                 packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + kk, lda, kc, mc, (float *)A_pack);
+                 packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + kk, ldb, kc, nc, (float *)B_pack);
+                 KERNEL(ii, jj, mc, nc, kc, A_pack, B_pack, kk);
             }
         }
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_0, ii, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_1, ii, jj+4);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_2, ii+4, jj);
-        SAVE_ACC(&acc_3, ii+4, jj+4);
     }
 
     void mnpack(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
@@ -2406,35 +2509,35 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         int n_rem = MIN(n - n0, 8);
         int mc = 0, nc = 0;
         if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 8) {
-           mc = 8;
-           nc = 8;
-           gemm<8, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            mc = 8;
+            nc = 8;
+            gemm<8, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 8) {
-                mc = 4;
-                nc = 8;
-                gemm<4, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            mc = 4;
+            nc = 8;
+            gemm<4, 8>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 8 && n_rem >= 4) {
-                mc = 8;
-                nc = 4;
-                gemm<8, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            mc = 8;
+            nc = 4;
+            gemm<8, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else if (m_rem >= 4 && n_rem >= 4) {
-                mc = 4;
-                nc = 4;
-                gemm<4, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
+            mc = 4;
+            nc = 4;
+            gemm<4, 4>(m0, m, n0, n);
         } else {
             mc = (m_rem >= 4) ? 4 : m_rem;
             nc = (n_rem >= 4) ? 4 : n_rem;
             if (mc == 0 || nc == 0)
-               return;
+                return;
             gemm_small(m0, m, n0, n, mc, nc);
         }
         int64_t mp = m0 + ((m - m0) / mc) * mc;
         int64_t np = n0 + ((n - n0) / nc) * nc;
         mnpack(mp, m, n0, np);
         mnpack(m0, m, np, n);
-     }
+    }
 
-     void gemm_small(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n, int RM, int RN) {
+    void gemm_small(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n, int RM, int RN) {
         int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
         int64_t xtiles = (n - n0) / RN;
         int64_t tiles = xtiles * ytiles;
@@ -2449,30 +2552,30 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             vec_t vec_C[4];
             acc_t acc_0;
             __builtin_mma_xxsetaccz(&acc_0);
-            vec_t vec_A[4] {0}, vec_B[4] = {0};
-            for (int l=0; l<k; l+=4) {
+            vec_t vec_A[4] = {0}, vec_B[4] = {0};
+            for (int l = 0; l < k; l += 4) {
                 /* 'GEMV Forwarding' concept is used in first two conditional loops.
                  * when one of the matrix has a single row/column, the elements are
                  * broadcasted, instead of using packing routine to prepack the
                  * matrix elements.
                  */
                 if (RM == 1) {
-                    float* a = const_cast<float*>(A+(ii)*lda+l);
-                    packTranspose(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+                    float * a = const_cast<float *>(A + (ii) * lda + l);
+                    packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, RN, 4, (float *)vec_B);
                     vec_A[0] = (vec_t)vec_xl(0,a);
-                    vec_A[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_A+1));
-                    vec_A[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_A+2));
-                    vec_A[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_A+3));
+                    vec_A[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_A+1));
+                    vec_A[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_A+2));
+                    vec_A[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_A+3));
                 } else if (RN == 1) {
-                    packTranspose(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-                    float* b = const_cast<float*>(B+(jj)*ldb+l);
+                    packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, RM, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+                    float * b = const_cast<float *>(B + (jj) * ldb + l);
                     vec_B[0] = (vec_t)vec_xl(0,b);
-                    vec_B[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_B+1));
-                    vec_B[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_B+2));
-                    vec_B[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float*)&vec_B+3));
+                    vec_B[1] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_B+1));
+                    vec_B[2] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_B+2));
+                    vec_B[3] = (vec_t)vec_splats(*((float *)&vec_B+3));
                 } else {
-                    packTranspose(A+(ii*lda)+l, lda, RM, 4, (float*)vec_A);
-                    packTranspose(B+(jj*ldb)+l, ldb, RN, 4, (float*)vec_B);
+                    packTranspose(A + (ii * lda) + l, lda, RM, 4, (float *)vec_A);
+                    packTranspose(B + (jj * ldb) + l, ldb, RN, 4, (float *)vec_B);
                 }
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[0], vec_B[0]);
                 __builtin_mma_xvf32gerpp(&acc_0, vec_A[1], vec_B[1]);
@@ -2482,12 +2585,27 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
             __builtin_mma_disassemble_acc(vec_C, &acc_0);
             for (int I = 0; I < RM; I++) {
                 for (int J = 0; J < RN; J++) {
-                    *((float*)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float*)&vec_C[I]+J);
+                    *((float *)(C+ii+((jj+J)*ldc)+I)) = *((float *)&vec_C[I]+J);
                 }
             }
        }
     }
 
+    template<int RM, int RN>
+    inline void kernel(int64_t ii, int64_t jj) {
+        if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 4) {
+            KERNEL_4x4(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_4x8(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
+            KERNEL_8x4(ii, jj);
+        } else if constexpr(RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
+            KERNEL_8x8(ii, jj);
+        } else {
+            static_assert(false, "RN/RM values not supported");
+        }
+    }
+
     template <int RM, int RN>
     NOINLINE void gemm(int64_t m0, int64_t m, int64_t n0, int64_t n) {
         int64_t ytiles = (m - m0) / RM;
@@ -2496,27 +2614,18 @@ class tinyBLAS_PPC {
         int64_t duty = (tiles + nth - 1) / nth;
         int64_t start = duty * ith;
         int64_t end = start + duty;
-        if (RM == 4 && RN == 4) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_4x4;
-        } else if (RM == 4 && RN == 8) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_4x8;
-        } else if (RM == 8 && RN == 4) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_8x4;
-        } else if (RM == 8 && RN == 8) {
-            kernel = &tinyBLAS_PPC::KERNEL_8x8;
-        }
         if (end > tiles)
             end = tiles;
         for (int64_t job = start; job < end; ++job) {
             int64_t ii = m0 + job / xtiles * RM;
             int64_t jj = n0 + job % xtiles * RN;
-            (this->*kernel)(ii, jj);
+            kernel<RM, RN>(ii, jj);
         }
     }
 
-    const float *const A;
-    const float *const B;
-    float *C;
+    const float * const A;
+    const float * const B;
+    float * C;
     const int64_t k;
     const int64_t lda;
     const int64_t ldb;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.cpp

@@ -776,6 +776,24 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f32(
                         id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
                     }
                 }
+            } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+                size_t id = 0;
+                int32_t * dst_ptr = (int32_t *) dst->data;
+
+                for (int i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+                    for (int i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+                        id += ne00 * ir0;
+                        for (int i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                            for (int i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
+                                const float * src0_ptr = (float *) ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+
+                                dst_ptr[id] = *src0_ptr;
+                                id++;
+                            }
+                        }
+                        id += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
+                    }
+                }
             } else {
                 GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
             }
@@ -947,6 +965,144 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_f32(
                 }
             }
         }
+    } else if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
+                while (i10 >= ne0) {
+                    i10 -= ne0;
+                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                        i11 = 0;
+                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                            i12 = 0;
+                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                i13 = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
+                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+
+                        *(int32_t *) dst_ptr = *(const float *) src0_ptr;
+
+                        if (++i10 == ne0) {
+                            i10 = 0;
+                            if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                                i11 = 0;
+                                if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                                    i12 = 0;
+                                    if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                        i13 = 0;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
+                while (i10 >= ne0) {
+                    i10 -= ne0;
+                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                        i11 = 0;
+                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                            i12 = 0;
+                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                i13 = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    } else {
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
+    }
+}
+
+static void ggml_compute_forward_dup_i32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+        ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nelements(dst) == ggml_nelements(src0));
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const int ith = params->ith; // thread index
+    const int nth = params->nth; // number of threads
+
+    // parallelize by rows
+    const int nr = ne01;
+    // number of rows per thread
+    const int dr = (nr + nth - 1) / nth;
+    // row range for this thread
+    const int ir0 = dr * ith;
+    const int ir1 = MIN(ir0 + dr, nr);
+
+    // dst counters
+
+    int64_t i10 = 0;
+    int64_t i11 = 0;
+    int64_t i12 = 0;
+    int64_t i13 = 0;
+
+    // TODO: not optimal, but works
+    if (dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        for (int64_t i03 = 0; i03 < ne03; i03++) {
+            for (int64_t i02 = 0; i02 < ne02; i02++) {
+                i10 += ne00 * ir0;
+                while (i10 >= ne0) {
+                    i10 -= ne0;
+                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                        i11 = 0;
+                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                            i12 = 0;
+                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                i13 = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                for (int64_t i01 = ir0; i01 < ir1; i01++) {
+                    for (int64_t i00 = 0; i00 < ne00; i00++) {
+                        const char * src0_ptr = ((char *) src0->data + i00*nb00 + i01*nb01 + i02*nb02 + i03*nb03);
+                              char * dst_ptr  = ((char *)  dst->data + i10*nb0  + i11*nb1  + i12*nb2  + i13*nb3);
+
+                        *(float *) dst_ptr = *(const int32_t *) src0_ptr;
+
+                        if (++i10 == ne0) {
+                            i10 = 0;
+                            if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                                i11 = 0;
+                                if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                                    i12 = 0;
+                                    if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                        i13 = 0;
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+                i10 += ne00 * (ne01 - ir1);
+                while (i10 >= ne0) {
+                    i10 -= ne0;
+                    if (++i11 == ne1) {
+                        i11 = 0;
+                        if (++i12 == ne2) {
+                            i12 = 0;
+                            if (++i13 == ne3) {
+                                i13 = 0;
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
     } else {
         GGML_ABORT("fatal error"); // TODO: implement
     }
@@ -1177,6 +1333,10 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_dup(
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_dup_f32(params, dst);
             } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_I32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_dup_i32(params, dst);
+            } break;
         default:
             {
                 if (ggml_is_quantized(src0->type) && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
@@ -7027,6 +7187,209 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_back_f32(
     }
 }
 
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f16
+// src0: kernel [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+// src1: image [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+// dst:  result [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f16(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[8];
+    const int32_t IC = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = ne12;
+    const int64_t IH = ne11;
+    const int64_t IW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t OC = ne03 / IC;
+    GGML_UNUSED(OC);
+    const int64_t KD = ne02;
+    const int64_t KH = ne01;
+    const int64_t KW = ne00;
+
+    const int64_t OD = ne3 / N;
+    const int64_t OH = ne2;
+    const int64_t OW = ne1;
+    const int64_t OH_OW = OH*OW;
+    const int64_t KD_KH_KW = KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t KH_KW = KH*KW;
+    const int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // im2col: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+    {
+        ggml_fp16_t * const wdata = (ggml_fp16_t *) dst->data;
+
+        for (int64_t in = 0; in < N; in++) {
+            for (int64_t iod = 0; iod < OD; iod++) {
+                for (int64_t ioh = 0; ioh < OH; ioh++) {
+                    for (int64_t iow = 0; iow < OW; iow++) {
+                        for (int64_t iic = ith; iic < IC; iic += nth) {
+
+                            // micro kernel
+                            ggml_fp16_t * dst_data = wdata + (in*OD*OH_OW + iod*OH_OW + ioh*OW + iow)*IC_KD_KH_KW; // [IC, KD, KH, KW]
+                            const float * const src_data = (const float *) ((const char *)src1->data + (in*IC + iic)*nb13); // [ID, IH, IW]
+
+                            for (int64_t ikd = 0; ikd < KD; ikd++) {
+                                for (int64_t ikh = 0; ikh < KH; ikh++) {
+                                    for (int64_t ikw = 0; ikw < KW; ikw++) {
+                                        const int64_t iiw = iow*s0 + ikw*d0 - p0;
+                                        const int64_t iih = ioh*s1 + ikh*d1 - p1;
+                                        const int64_t iid = iod*s2 + ikd*d2 - p2;
+
+                                        if (iid < 0 || iid >= ID || iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW || iid < 0 || iid >= ID) {
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = 0;
+                                        } else {
+                                            const float * const s = (const float *) ((const char *)src_data + iid*nb12 + iih*nb11 + iiw*nb10); // [ID, IH, IW]
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(*s);
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f32
+// src0: kernel [OC*IC, KD, KH, KW]
+// src1: image [N*IC, ID, IH, IW]
+// dst:  result [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+static void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f32(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS;
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[8];
+    const int32_t IC = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+
+    const int ith = params->ith;
+    const int nth = params->nth;
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = ne12;
+    const int64_t IH = ne11;
+    const int64_t IW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t OC = ne03 / IC;
+    GGML_UNUSED(OC);
+    const int64_t KD = ne02;
+    const int64_t KH = ne01;
+    const int64_t KW = ne00;
+
+    const int64_t OD = ne3 / N;
+    const int64_t OH = ne2;
+    const int64_t OW = ne1;
+
+    const int64_t OH_OW = OH*OW;
+    const int64_t KD_KH_KW = KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t KH_KW = KH*KW;
+    const int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(nb10 == sizeof(float));
+
+    // im2col: [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+    {
+        float * const wdata = (float *) dst->data;
+
+        for (int64_t in = 0; in < N; in++) {
+            for (int64_t iod = 0; iod < OD; iod++) {
+                for (int64_t ioh = 0; ioh < OH; ioh++) {
+                    for (int64_t iow = 0; iow < OW; iow++) {
+                        for (int64_t iic = ith; iic < IC; iic += nth) {
+
+                            // micro kernel
+                            float * dst_data = wdata + (in*OD*OH_OW + iod*OH_OW + ioh*OW + iow)*IC_KD_KH_KW; // [IC, KD, KH, KW]
+                            const float * const src_data = (const float *) ((const char *)src1->data + (in*IC + iic)*nb13); // [ID, IH, IW]
+
+                            for (int64_t ikd = 0; ikd < KD; ikd++) {
+                                for (int64_t ikh = 0; ikh < KH; ikh++) {
+                                    for (int64_t ikw = 0; ikw < KW; ikw++) {
+                                        const int64_t iiw = iow*s0 + ikw*d0 - p0;
+                                        const int64_t iih = ioh*s1 + ikh*d1 - p1;
+                                        const int64_t iid = iod*s2 + ikd*d2 - p2;
+
+                                        if (iid < 0 || iid >= ID || iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW || iid < 0 || iid >= ID) {
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = 0;
+                                        } else {
+                                            const float * const s = (const float *) ((const char *)src_data + iid*nb12 + iih*nb11 + iiw*nb10); // [ID, IH, IW]
+                                            dst_data[iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw] = *s;
+                                        }
+                                    }
+                                }
+                            }
+                        }
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d(
+        const ggml_compute_params * params,
+              ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    switch (dst->type) {
+        case GGML_TYPE_F16:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f16(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_TYPE_F32:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d_f32(params, dst);
+            } break;
+        default:
+            {
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            }
+    }
+}
+
 static void ggml_call_mul_mat(ggml_type type, const ggml_compute_params * params, int64_t m, int64_t n, int64_t k,
                               void * a, void * b, float * c) {
     const ggml_type_traits * traits = ggml_get_type_traits(type);
@@ -8014,6 +8377,15 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32(
     GGML_TENSOR_UNARY_OP_LOCALS
 
     float * dst_ptr = (float *) dst->data;
+    const int32_t lp0 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 0);
+    const int32_t rp0 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 1);
+    const int32_t lp1 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 2);
+    const int32_t rp1 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 3);
+    const int32_t lp2 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 4);
+    const int32_t rp2 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 5);
+    const int32_t lp3 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 6);
+    const int32_t rp3 = ggml_get_op_params_i32(dst, 7);
+
 
     // TODO: optimize
 
@@ -8022,10 +8394,12 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_pad_f32(
             for (int64_t i0 = 0; i0 < ne0; ++i0) {
                 for (int64_t i3 = 0; i3 < ne3; ++i3) {
                     const int64_t dst_idx = i3*(ne0*ne1*ne2) + i2*(ne0*ne1) + i1*ne0 + i0;
-
-                    const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((char *) src0->data + i3*nb03 + i2*nb02 + i1*nb01 + i0*nb00);
-
-                    if (i0 < ne00 && i1 < ne01 && i2 < ne02 && i3 < ne03) {
+                    if ((i0 >= lp0 && i0 < ne0 - rp0) \
+                         && (i1 >= lp1 && i1 < ne1 - rp1) \
+                         && (i2 >= lp2 && i2 < ne2 - rp2) \
+                         && (i3 >= lp3 && i3 < ne3 - rp3)) {
+                        const int64_t src_idx = (i3 - lp3)*nb03 + (i2 - lp2)*nb02 + (i1 - lp1)*nb01 + (i0 - lp0)*nb00;
+                        const float * src_ptr = (const float *)((char *) src0->data + src_idx);
                         dst_ptr[dst_idx] = *src_ptr;
                     } else {
                         dst_ptr[dst_idx] = 0;
@@ -9003,8 +9377,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
     GGML_ASSERT(src4->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src5->nb[0] == sizeof(float));
     GGML_ASSERT(src6->nb[0] == sizeof(int32_t));
-    // allows optimizing the modulo since n_group should be a power of 2
-    GGML_ASSERT((ng & -ng) == ng);
+    GGML_ASSERT(nh % ng == 0);
 
     // heads per thread
     const int dh = (nh + nth - 1)/nth;
@@ -9035,6 +9408,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                     // ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/62db608da60f6fc790b8ed9f4b3225e95ca15fde/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/softplus.py#L16
                     const float dt_soft_plus = dt[h] <= 20.0f ? log1pf(expf(dt[h])) : dt[h];
                     const float dA = expf(dt_soft_plus * A[h]);
+                    const int g = h / (nh / ng); // repeat_interleave
 
                     // dim
                     for (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr; ++i1) {
@@ -9057,8 +9431,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                             // TODO: maybe unroll more?
                             for (int j = 0; j < 1; j++) {
                                 GGML_F32_VEC t0 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(s0 + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + ii*nc);
-                                GGML_F32_VEC t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
-                                GGML_F32_VEC t2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
+                                GGML_F32_VEC t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + g*nc);
+                                GGML_F32_VEC t2 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*ggml_f32_epr + g*nc);
 
                                 t0 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(t0, adA);
                                 t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(t1, axdt);
@@ -9072,6 +9446,9 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         }
 
                         sumf = GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(sum);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+                        // todo: RVV implementation
+                        const int np = 0;
     #else
                         const int np = (nc & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -9087,8 +9464,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F32_STEP) {
                             for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F32_ARR; j++) {
                                 ax[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(s0 + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + ii*nc);
-                                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
-                                az[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + (h & (ng - 1))*nc);
+                                ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(B + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + g*nc);
+                                az[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(C + i + j*GGML_F32_EPR + g*nc);
 
                                 ax[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(ax[j], adA);
                                 ay[j] = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(ay[j], axdt);
@@ -9110,7 +9487,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         // d_state
                         for (int i0 = np; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
                             const int i = i0 + ii*nc;
-                            const int ig = i0 + (h & (ng - 1))*nc;
+                            const int ig = i0 + g*nc;
                             // state = prev_state * dA + dB * x
                             const float state = (s0[i] * dA) + (B[ig] * x_dt);
                             // y = rowwise_dotprod(state, C)
@@ -9127,6 +9504,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                 for (int h = ih0; h < ih1; ++h) {
                     // ref: https://github.com/state-spaces/mamba/blob/62db608da60f6fc790b8ed9f4b3225e95ca15fde/mamba_ssm/ops/triton/softplus.py#L16
                     const float dt_soft_plus = dt[h] <= 20.0f ? log1pf(expf(dt[h])) : dt[h];
+                    const int g = h / (nh / ng); // repeat_interleave
 
                     // dim
                     for (int i1 = 0; i1 < nr; ++i1) {
@@ -9141,8 +9519,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         // TODO: what happens when (d_state % svcntw()) != 0?
                         for (int64_t k = 0; k < nc; k += svcntw()) {
                             svfloat32_t vA = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&A[h*nc + k]);
-                            svfloat32_t vB = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&B[k + (h & (ng - 1))*nc]);
-                            svfloat32_t vC = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&C[k + (h & (ng - 1))*nc]);
+                            svfloat32_t vB = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&B[k + g*nc]);
+                            svfloat32_t vC = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&C[k + g*nc]);
                             svfloat32_t vs0 = GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD(&s0[ii*nc + k]);
 
                             svfloat32_t t1 = GGML_F32_VEC_MUL(vdt_soft_plus, vA);
@@ -9162,7 +9540,7 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_ssm_scan_f32(
                         // d_state
                         for (int i0 = 0; i0 < nc; ++i0) {
                             const int i = i0 + ii*nc;
-                            const int ig = i0 + (h & (ng - 1))*nc;
+                            const int ig = i0 + g*nc;
                             // state = prev_state * dA + dB * x
                             const float state = (s0[i] * expf(dt_soft_plus * A[i0 + h*nc])) + (B[ig] * x_dt);
                             // y = rowwise_dotprod(state, C)
@@ -10023,8 +10401,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7_f32(
     int64_t h_stride_2d = head_size * head_size;
 
     #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-        #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
-            // scalar Route to scalar implementation       //TODO: Write SVE code
+        #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) || defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+            // scalar Route to scalar implementation       //TODO: Write SVE code and RVV code
             for (int64_t t = 0; t < T; t++) {
                 int64_t t_offset = t * t_stride;
                 int64_t state_offset = head_size * C * (t / (T / n_seqs));

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h

@@ -69,6 +69,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_clamp(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struc
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_1d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_im2col(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_back_f32(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_im2col_3d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_2d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_3d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_conv_transpose_2d(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-mappings.h

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 #include <immintrin.h>
 #endif
 
+#if defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+#include <riscv_vector.h>
+#endif
+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 extern "C" {
 #endif
@@ -94,24 +98,15 @@ extern "C" {
     }
 #elif defined(__riscv) && defined(__riscv_zfhmin)
     static inline float riscv_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
-        float f;
-        __asm__(
-            "fmv.h.x %[f], %[h]\n\t"
-            "fcvt.s.h %[f], %[f]"
-            : [f] "=&f" (f)
-            : [h] "r" (h)
-        );
-        return f;
+        _Float16 hf;
+        memcpy(&hf, &h, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
+        return hf;
     }
 
     static inline ggml_fp16_t riscv_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
         ggml_fp16_t res;
-        __asm__(
-            "fcvt.h.s %[f], %[f]\n\t"
-            "fmv.x.h %[h], %[f]"
-            : [h] "=&r" (res)
-            : [f] "f" (f)
-        );
+        _Float16 hf = (_Float16)f;
+        memcpy(&res, &hf, sizeof(ggml_fp16_t));
         return res;
     }
 
@@ -119,26 +114,6 @@ extern "C" {
     #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) riscv_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
     #define GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
     #define GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
-#elif defined(__NNPA__)
-    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x) nnpa_compute_fp16_to_fp32(x)
-    #define GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x) nnpa_compute_fp32_to_fp16(x)
-
-    #define GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP16_TO_FP32(x)
-    #define GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(x) GGML_CPU_COMPUTE_FP32_TO_FP16(x)
-
-    static inline float nnpa_compute_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t h) {
-        uint16x8_t v_h = vec_splats(h);
-        uint16x8_t v_hd = vec_convert_from_fp16(v_h, 0);
-        return vec_extend_to_fp32_hi(v_hd, 0)[0];
-    }
-
-    static inline ggml_fp16_t nnpa_compute_fp32_to_fp16(float f) {
-        float32x4_t v_f = vec_splats(f);
-        float32x4_t v_zero = vec_splats(0.0f);
-        uint16x8_t v_hd = vec_round_from_fp32(v_f, v_zero, 0);
-        uint16x8_t v_h = vec_convert_to_fp16(v_hd, 0);
-        return vec_extract(v_h, 0);
-    }
 #endif
 
 // precomputed f32 table for f16 (256 KB)
@@ -220,6 +195,47 @@ inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_MUL    GGML_F32xt_MUL
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE GGML_F32xt_REDUCE
 
+// F16 SVE
+#define DEFAULT_PG32    svptrue_b32()
+#define DEFAULT_PG16    svptrue_b16()
+
+#define GGML_F32Cxt                         svfloat16_t
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_ZERO                    svdup_n_f16(0.0f)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_SET1(x)                 svdup_n_f16(x)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_LOAD(p)                 svld1_f16(DEFAULT_PG16, (const __fp16 *)(p))
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_STORE(dst_ptr, src_vec) svst1_f16(DEFAULT_PG16, (__fp16 *)(dst_ptr), (src_vec))
+
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_FMA_IMPL(pg, a, b, c)   svmad_f16_x(pg, b, c, a)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_FMA(...)                GGML_F32Cxt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_ADD_IMPL(pg, a, b)      svadd_f16_x(pg, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_ADD(...)                GGML_F32Cxt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_MUL_IMPL(pg, a, b)      svmul_f16_x(pg, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_MUL(...)                GGML_F32Cxt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_REDUCE                  GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED
+
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC                GGML_F32Cxt
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_ZERO           GGML_F32Cxt_ZERO
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1           GGML_F32Cxt_SET1
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(p, i)     GGML_F32Cxt_LOAD(p)
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(p, r, i) GGML_F32Cxt_STORE((__fp16 *)(p), r)
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA            GGML_F32Cxt_FMA
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_ADD            GGML_F32Cxt_ADD
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL            GGML_F32Cxt_MUL
+#define GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F32Cxt_REDUCE
+
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(pg, a) svaddv_f16(pg, a)
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE(...)        GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED_IMPL(pg16, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4)  \
+{                                                      \
+    sum1 = svadd_f16_x(pg16, sum1, sum2);              \
+    sum3 = svadd_f16_x(pg16, sum3, sum4);              \
+    sum1 = svadd_f16_x(pg16, sum1, sum3);              \
+    __fp16 sum_f16 = svaddv_f16(pg16, sum1);           \
+    (res) = (ggml_float) sum_f16;                      \
+}
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED(...) GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+
 // F16 NEON
 
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
@@ -1120,11 +1136,6 @@ static inline void __lsx_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
 #define GGML_F16_EPR  GGML_F32_EPR
 
 static inline float32x4_t __lzs_f16cx4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
-#if defined(__NNPA__)
-    uint16x8_t v_x = vec_xl(0, (const ggml_fp16_t *)x);
-    uint16x8_t v_xd = vec_convert_from_fp16(v_x, 0);
-    return vec_extend_to_fp32_hi(v_xd, 0);
-#else
     float tmp[4];
 
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
@@ -1134,20 +1145,9 @@ static inline float32x4_t __lzs_f16cx4_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     // note: keep type-cast here to prevent compiler bugs
     // see: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/12846
     return vec_xl(0, (const float *)(tmp));
-#endif
 }
 
 static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, float32x4_t v_y) {
-#if defined(__NNPA__)
-    float32x4_t v_zero = vec_splats(0.0f);
-    uint16x8_t v_xd = vec_round_from_fp32(v_y, v_zero, 0);
-    uint16x8_t v_x = vec_convert_to_fp16(v_xd, 0);
-
-    x[0] = vec_extract(v_x, 0);
-    x[1] = vec_extract(v_x, 1);
-    x[2] = vec_extract(v_x, 2);
-    x[3] = vec_extract(v_x, 3);
-#else
     float arr[4];
 
     // note: keep type-cast here to prevent compiler bugs
@@ -1157,7 +1157,6 @@ static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, float32x4_t v_y) {
     for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
         x[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(arr[i]);
     }
-#endif
 }
 
 #define GGML_F16_VEC                GGML_F32x4
@@ -1170,6 +1169,36 @@ static inline void __lzs_f16cx4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, float32x4_t v_y) {
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_MUL            GGML_F32x4_MUL
 #define GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F32x4_REDUCE
 
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+
+// compatible with vlen >= 128
+
+#define GGML_SIMD
+
+// F32
+
+#define GGML_F32_STEP 16
+#define GGML_F32_EPR  4
+
+#define GGML_F32x4              vfloat32m1_t
+#define GGML_F32x4_ZERO         __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_SET1(x)      __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(x, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_LOAD(x)      __riscv_vle32_v_f32m1(x, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_STORE(b, v)  __riscv_vse32_v_f32m1(b, v, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_FMA(a, b, c) __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m1(a, b, c, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_ADD(a, b)    __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(a, b, GGML_F32_EPR)
+#define GGML_F32x4_MUL(a, b)    __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m1(a, b, GGML_F32_EPR)
+
+#define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO   GGML_F32x4_ZERO
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_SET1   GGML_F32x4_SET1
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_LOAD   GGML_F32x4_LOAD
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_STORE  GGML_F32x4_STORE
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_FMA    GGML_F32x4_FMA
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_ADD    GGML_F32x4_ADD
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_MUL    GGML_F32x4_MUL
+#define GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE GGML_F32x4_REDUCE
+
 #endif
 
 // GGML_F32_ARR / GGML_F16_ARR

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.cpp

@@ -84,6 +84,22 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f32(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const float * G
         }
         // reduce sum1,sum2 to sum1
         GGML_F32_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        int vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8();
+        vfloat32m1_t vs = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1);
+        vfloat32m8_t vsum;
+        vfloat32m8_t ax;
+        vfloat32m8_t ay;
+        vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8_tu(vsum, 0.0f, vl);
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; i += vl) {
+            vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8_tu(ax, &x[i], vl);
+            ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8_tu(ay, &y[i], vl);
+            vsum = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m8_tu(vsum, ax, ay, vl);
+        }
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m8();
+        vs = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m8_f32m1(vsum, vs, vl);
+        sumf += __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vs);
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -197,38 +213,125 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_f16(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, ggml_fp16_t * G
 
     ggml_float sumf = 0.0;
 
+
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+        const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8; //get vector length
+        const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16; // running when 16
+        const int ggml_f16_step = 8 * ggml_f16_epr; // choose 8 SVE registers
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_F16_ARR] = { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO };
+        const int np= (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
+        svfloat16_t sum1 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum2 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum3 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum4 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
-    GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        svfloat16_t ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5, ax6, ax7, ax8;
+        svfloat16_t ay1, ay2, ay3, ay4, ay5, ay6, ay7, ay8;
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+            sum1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum1, ax1, ay1);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
-            ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+            ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            sum2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum2, ax2, ay2);
 
-            sum[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+            ax3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            sum3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum3, ax3, ay3);
+
+            ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            sum4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum4, ax4, ay4);
+
+            ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            sum1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum1, ax5, ay5);
+
+            ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            sum2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum2, ax6, ay6);
+
+            ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            sum3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum3, ax7, ay7);
+
+            ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            sum4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum4, ax8, ay8);
         }
-    }
 
-    // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
-    GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum);
+        const int np2 = (n & ~(ggml_f16_epr - 1)); // round down to multiple of 8
+        for (int k = np; k < np2; k += ggml_f16_epr) {
+            svfloat16_t rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + k, 0);
+            svfloat16_t ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + k, 0);
+            sum1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum1, rx, ry);
+        }
 
-    // leftovers
-    for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
-    }
+        if (np2 < n) {
+            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np2, n);
+            svfloat16_t hx = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x + np2));
+            svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(y + np2));
 
-    // if you hit this, you are likely running outside the FP range
-    assert(!isnan(sumf) && !isinf(sumf));
+            sum1 = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx, hy, sum1);
+        }
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        #if defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+            int vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m2();
+            vfloat32m1_t vs = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m1(0.0f, 1);
+            vfloat32m2_t vsum;
+            vfloat16m1_t ax;
+            vfloat16m1_t ay;
+            vsum = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m2(0, vl));
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; i += vl) {
+                vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m1(n - i);
+                ax = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1_tu(ax, (const _Float16 *)&x[i], vl);
+                ay = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1_tu(ay, (const _Float16 *)&y[i], vl);
+                vsum = __riscv_vfwmacc_vv_f32m2_tu(vsum, ax, ay, vl);
+            }
+            vl = __riscv_vsetvlmax_e32m1();
+            vfloat32m1_t ac0 = __riscv_vfadd_vv_f32m1(__riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(vsum, 0), __riscv_vget_v_f32m2_f32m1(vsum, 1), vl);
+            vs = __riscv_vfredusum_vs_f32m1_f32m1(ac0, vs, vl);
+            sumf += __riscv_vfmv_f_s_f32m1_f32(vs);
+        #else
+            for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+                sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+            }
+        #endif // __riscv_zvfh
+    #else
+        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_F16_ARR] = { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO };
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
+                ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+
+                sum[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
+        GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf, sum);
+
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+            sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        }
+        // if you hit this, you are likely running outside the FP range
+        assert(!isnan(sumf) && !isinf(sumf));
+    #endif
 #else
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         sumf += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
     }
-#endif
+#endif // GGML_SIMD
 
     *s = sumf;
 }
@@ -247,6 +350,12 @@ void ggml_vec_silu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x) {
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, ggml_v_silu(_mm_loadu_ps(x + i)));
     }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    const int vlen = svcntw();
+    for (; i < n; i += vlen) {
+        const svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32_s32(i, n);
+        svst1_f32(pg, y + i, ggml_v_silu(pg, svld1_f32(pg, x + i)));
+    }
 #elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         vst1q_f32(y + i, ggml_v_silu(vld1q_f32(x + i)));
@@ -271,10 +380,24 @@ void ggml_vec_swiglu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const float *
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, _mm_mul_ps(ggml_v_silu(_mm_loadu_ps(x + i)), _mm_loadu_ps(g + i)));
     }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    const int vlen = svcntw();
+    for (; i < n; i += vlen) {
+        const svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32_s32(i, n);
+        svst1_f32(pg, y + i, svmul_f32_x(pg, ggml_v_silu(pg, svld1_f32(pg, x + i)), svld1_f32(pg, g + i)));
+    }
 #elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         vst1q_f32(y + i, vmulq_f32(ggml_v_silu(vld1q_f32(x + i)), vld1q_f32(g + i)));
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t vx = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m2_t vg = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&g[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m2_t vy = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(ggml_v_silu_m2(vx, vl), vg, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], vy, vl);
+    }
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
         y[i] = ggml_silu_f32(x[i]) * g[i];
@@ -318,6 +441,15 @@ ggml_float ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float
 #endif
         sum += (ggml_float)_mm_cvtss_f32(val);
     }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+    const int vlen = svcntw();
+    for (; i < n; i += vlen) {
+        const svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b32_s32(i, n);
+        svfloat32_t val = ggml_v_expf(pg, svsub_f32_x(pg, svld1_f32(pg, x + i),
+                                                svdup_n_f32_x(pg, max)));
+        svst1_f32(pg, y + i, val);
+        sum += (ggml_float)svaddv_f32(pg, val);
+    }
 #elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         float32x4_t val = ggml_v_expf(vsubq_f32(vld1q_f32(x + i),
@@ -325,6 +457,15 @@ ggml_float ggml_vec_soft_max_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, float
         vst1q_f32(y + i, val);
         sum += (ggml_float)vaddvq_f32(val);
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    vfloat64m1_t vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f64m1(0, 1);
+    for (int avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+        avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t val = ggml_v_expf_m2(__riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], avl), max, avl), avl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], val, avl);
+        vsum = __riscv_vfwredusum_vs_f32m2_f64m1(val, vsum, avl);
+    }
+    return (ggml_float)__riscv_vfmv_f_s_f64m1_f64(vsum);
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
         float val = expf(x[i] - max);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.h

@@ -119,36 +119,149 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_dot_f16_unroll(const int n, const int xs, float * GG
     }
 
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL][GGML_F16_ARR] = { { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO } };
+        const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
+        const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16; // running when 16
+        const int ggml_f16_step = 8 * ggml_f16_epr; // choose 8 SVE registers
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
-    GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        const int np = (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+        svfloat16_t sum_00 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_01 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_02 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_03 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
 
-            for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
-                ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x[k] + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+        svfloat16_t sum_10 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_11 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_12 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
+        svfloat16_t sum_13 = svdup_n_f16(0.0f);
 
-                sum[k][j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[k][j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+        svfloat16_t ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5, ax6, ax7, ax8;
+        svfloat16_t ay1, ay2, ay3, ay4, ay5, ay6, ay7, ay8;
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0); // 8 elements
+
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0); // 8 elemnst
+            sum_00 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_00, ax1, ay1);     // sum_00 = sum_00+ax1*ay1
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0); // 8 elements
+            sum_10 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_10, ax1, ay1);
+
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1); // next 8 elements
+
+            ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1); // next 8 ekements
+            sum_01 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_01, ax2, ay2);
+            ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            sum_11 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_11, ax2, ay2);
+
+            ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+
+            ax3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 2*ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            sum_02 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_02, ax3, ay3);
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 2*ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            sum_12 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_12, ax3, ay3);
+
+            ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+
+            ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 3*ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            sum_03 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_03, ax4, ay4);
+            ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 3*ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            sum_13 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_13, ax4, ay4);
+
+            ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+
+            ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 4*ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+
+            sum_00 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_00, ax5, ay5);
+            ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 4*ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            sum_10 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_10, ax5, ay5);
+
+            ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+
+            ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 5*ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+
+            sum_01 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_01, ax6, ay6);
+            ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 5*ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            sum_11 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_11, ax6, ay6);
+
+            ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+
+            ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 6*ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+
+            sum_02 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_02, ax7, ay7);
+            ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 6*ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            sum_12 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_12, ax7, ay7);
+
+            ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+
+            ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + i + 7*ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+
+            sum_03 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_03, ax8, ay8);
+            ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + i + 7*ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            sum_13 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_13, ax8, ay8);
+        }
+
+        const int np2 = (n & ~(ggml_f16_epr - 1));
+        for (int k = np; k < np2; k += ggml_f16_epr) {
+            svfloat16_t ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + k, 0);
+
+            svfloat16_t rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[0] + k, 0);
+            sum_00 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_00, rx, ry);
+            rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x[1] + k, 0);
+            sum_10 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(sum_10, rx, ry);
+        }
+
+        if (np2 < n) {
+            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np2, n);
+            svfloat16_t hx_0 = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x[0] + np2));
+            svfloat16_t hx_1 = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x[1] + np2));
+            svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(y + np2));
+
+            sum_00 = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx_0, hy, sum_00);
+            sum_10 = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx_1, hy, sum_10);
+        }
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[0], sum_00, sum_01, sum_02, sum_03);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[1], sum_10, sum_11, sum_12, sum_13);
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+      // todo: RVV impl
+      for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+          for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
+              sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+          }
+      }
+    #else
+        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC sum[GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL][GGML_F16_ARR] = { { GGML_F16_VEC_ZERO } };
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+
+                for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
+                    ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x[k] + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+
+                    sum[k][j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(sum[k][j], ax[j], ay[j]);
+                }
             }
         }
-    }
 
-    // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
-    for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
-        GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[k], sum[k]);
-    }
-
-    // leftovers
-    for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
-            sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+        // reduce sum0..sum3 to sum0
+        for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++k) {
+            GGML_F16_VEC_REDUCE(sumf[k], sum[k]);
         }
-    }
+
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
+                sumf[j] += (ggml_float)(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[j][i])*GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]));
+            }
+        }
+    #endif
 #else
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
         for (int j = 0; j < GGML_VEC_DOT_UNROLL; ++j) {
@@ -243,6 +356,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
 
             svst1_f32(pg, y + np2, ay1);
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, v, ay, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -276,27 +397,112 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32(const int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT y, const
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT y, const ggml_fp16_t * GGML_RESTRICT x, const float v) {
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+        const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
+        const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16;
+        const int ggml_f16_step = 8 * ggml_f16_epr;
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC vx = GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1(v);
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
-    GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        const int np= (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
-            ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(ay[j], ax[j], vx);
+        svfloat16_t ax1, ax2, ax3, ax4, ax5, ax6, ax7, ax8;
+        svfloat16_t ay1, ay2, ay3, ay4, ay5, ay6, ay7, ay8;
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+            ax1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay1, ax1, vx);
 
-            GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, ay, j);
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 0 * ggml_f16_epr, ay1, 0);
+
+            ax2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay2, ax2, vx);
+
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 1 * ggml_f16_epr, ay2, 1);
+
+            ax3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, 2);
+            ay3 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay3, ax3, vx);
+
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 2 * ggml_f16_epr, ay3, 2);
+
+            ax4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, 3);
+            ay4 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay4, ax4, vx);
+
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 3 * ggml_f16_epr, ay4, 3);
+
+            ax5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, 4);
+            ay5 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay5, ax5, vx);
+
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 4 * ggml_f16_epr, ay5, 4);
+
+            ax6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, 5);
+            ay6 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay6, ax6, vx);
+
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 5 * ggml_f16_epr, ay6, 5);
+
+            ax7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, 6);
+            ay7 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay7, ax7, vx);
+
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 6 * ggml_f16_epr, ay7, 6);
+
+            ax8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, 7);
+            ay8 = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ay8, ax8, vx);
+
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 7 * ggml_f16_epr, ay8, 7);
         }
-    }
+        const int np2 = (n & ~(ggml_f16_epr - 1));
+        for (int k = np; k < np2; k += ggml_f16_epr) {
+            svfloat16_t rx = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(x + k, 0);
+            svfloat16_t ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + k, 0);
+            ry = GGML_F16x_VEC_FMA(ry, rx, vx);
 
-    // leftovers
-    for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
-    }
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + k, ry, 0);
+        }
+
+        if (np2 < n) {
+            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np2, n);
+            svfloat16_t hx = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(x + np2));
+            svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (const __fp16 *)(y + np2));
+            hy = svmad_f16_x(pg, hx, vx, hy);
+            svst1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np2), hy);
+        }
+
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        // todo: RVV impl
+        // scalar
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
+        }
+    #else
+        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC ax[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
+                ax[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(x + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_FMA(ay[j], ax[j], vx);
+
+                GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, ay, j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i]) + GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i])*v);
+        }
+    #endif
 #else
     // scalar
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -324,6 +530,16 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad_f32_unroll(const int n, const int xs, const int
                 y[i] += x[k][i]*v[k][0];
             }
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            for (int k = 0; k < GGML_VEC_MAD_UNROLL; k++) {
+                vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[k][i], avl);
+                ay = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, v[k][0], ay, avl);
+            }
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ay, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -375,6 +591,14 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_mad1_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, co
         for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
             y[i] = x[i]*s + b;
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ax = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&x[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t vb = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m8(b, avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmadd_vf_f32m8(ax, s, vb, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -436,6 +660,13 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
             ay1 = svmul_f32_m(pg, ay1, vx);
             svst1_f32(pg, y + np, ay1);
         }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        for (int i = 0, avl; i < n; i += avl) {
+            avl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m8(n - i);
+            vfloat32m8_t ay = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m8(&y[i], avl);
+            vfloat32m8_t ny = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m8(ay, v, avl);
+            __riscv_vse32_v_f32m8(&y[i], ny, avl);
+        }
     #else
         const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F32_STEP - 1));
 
@@ -467,25 +698,59 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const float v) {
 #if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+        const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
+        const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16;
+        const int ggml_f16_step = 2 * ggml_f16_epr;
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC vx =  GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1(v);
+        const int np = (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
+        svfloat16_t ay1, ay2;
 
-    GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay1, vx);
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, ay1, 0);
 
-    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
-        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
-            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_MUL(ay[j], vx);
-
-            GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, ay, j);
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay2, vx);
+            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, ay2, 1);
         }
-    }
+        // leftovers
+        // maximum number of leftover elements will be less that ggmlF_16x_epr. Apply predicated svmad on available elements only
+        if (np < n) {
+            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np, n);
+            svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np));
+            svfloat16_t out = svmul_f16_m(pg, hy, vx);
+            svst1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np), out);
+        }
+    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+        // todo: RVV impl
+        // scalar
+        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
+        }
+    #else
+        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
 
-    // leftovers
-    for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
-    }
+        GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
+
+        GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+
+        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
+            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_MUL(ay[j], vx);
+
+                GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, ay, j);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // leftovers
+        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
+        }
+    #endif
 #else
     // scalar
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -737,7 +1002,39 @@ https://github.com/openvinotoolkit/openvino/blob/master/src/plugins/intel_cpu/sr
     }
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__aarch64__)
+
+inline static svfloat32_t ggml_v_expf(svbool_t pg, svfloat32_t x) {
+    const svfloat32_t r = svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.8p23f);
+    const svfloat32_t z = svmla_n_f32_x(pg, r, x, 0x1.715476p+0f);
+    const svfloat32_t n = svsub_f32_x(pg, z, r);
+    const svfloat32_t b = svmls_n_f32_x(pg, svmls_n_f32_x(pg, x, n, 0x1.62e4p-1f), n, 0x1.7f7d1cp-20f);
+    const svuint32_t e = svlsl_n_u32_x(pg, svreinterpret_u32_f32(z), 23);
+    const svfloat32_t k = svreinterpret_f32_u32(svadd_u32_x(pg, e, svreinterpret_u32_f32(svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 1))));
+    const svbool_t c = svacgt_n_f32(pg, n, 126);
+    const svfloat32_t u = svmul_f32_x(pg, b, b);
+    const svfloat32_t j = svmla_f32_x(pg,
+        svmul_n_f32_x(pg, b, 0x1.ffffecp-1f),
+        svmla_f32_x(pg, svmla_f32_x(pg, svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.fffdb6p-2f), svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.555e66p-3f), b),
+                        svmla_f32_x(pg, svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.573e2ep-5f), svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0x1.0e4020p-7f), b), u), u);
+    const svuint32_t d = svdup_n_u32_z(svcmple_n_f32(pg, n, 0.0), 0x82000000);
+    const svfloat32_t s1 = svreinterpret_f32_u32(svadd_n_u32_x(pg, d, 0x7f000000));
+    const svfloat32_t s2 = svreinterpret_f32_u32(svsub_u32_x(pg, e, d));
+    return svsel_f32(svacgt_f32(pg, n, svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 192)), svmul_f32_x(pg, s1, s1),
+                     svsel_f32(c, svmul_f32_x(pg, svmla_f32_x(pg, s2, s2, j), s1), svmla_f32_x(pg, k, k, j)));
+}
+
+// computes silu x/(1+exp(-x)) in single precision vector
+inline static svfloat32_t ggml_v_silu(svbool_t pg, svfloat32_t x) {
+    const svfloat32_t one = svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 1.0f);
+    const svfloat32_t zero = svdup_n_f32_x(pg, 0.0f);
+    const svfloat32_t neg_x = svsub_f32_x(pg, zero, x);
+    const svfloat32_t exp_neg_x = ggml_v_expf(pg, neg_x);
+    const svfloat32_t one_plus_exp_neg_x = svadd_f32_x(pg, one, exp_neg_x);
+    return svdiv_f32_x(pg, x, one_plus_exp_neg_x);
+}
+
+#elif defined(__ARM_NEON) && defined(__aarch64__)
 
 // adapted from arm limited optimized routine
 // the maximum error is 1.45358 plus 0.5 ulps
@@ -928,7 +1225,59 @@ inline static __m128 ggml_v_silu(__m128 x) {
     return _mm_div_ps(x, one_plus_exp_neg_x);
 }
 
-#endif // __ARM_NEON / __AVX2__ / __SSE2__
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+
+// adapted from arm limited optimized routine
+// the maximum error is 1.45358 plus 0.5 ulps
+// numbers above 88.38 will flush to infinity
+// numbers beneath -103.97 will flush to zero
+inline static vfloat32m2_t ggml_v_expf_m2(vfloat32m2_t x, int vl) {
+    const vfloat32m2_t r = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.8p23f, vl);
+#ifdef __riscv_xtheadvector
+    // workaround for compiler bug (gcc 14.3.0: Error: unrecognized opcode `th.vmv1r.v v2,v4')
+    vfloat32m2_t z = __riscv_vfadd_vf_f32m2(r, 0.0f, vl);
+    z = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(z, 0x1.715476p+0f, x, vl);
+#else
+    const vfloat32m2_t z = __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(r, 0x1.715476p+0f, x, vl);
+#endif
+    const vfloat32m2_t n = __riscv_vfsub_vv_f32m2(z, r, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t b = __riscv_vfnmsac_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfnmsac_vf_f32m2(x, 0x1.62e4p-1f, n, vl),
+                                                    0x1.7f7d1cp-20f, n, vl);
+    const vuint32m2_t e = __riscv_vsll_vx_u32m2(__riscv_vreinterpret_v_f32m2_u32m2(z), 23, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t k = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(e, 0x3f800000, vl)); // 1.0f
+    const vbool16_t c = __riscv_vmfgt_vf_f32m2_b16(__riscv_vfabs_v_f32m2(n, vl), 126.0f, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t u = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(b, b, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t j = __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(
+        __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m2(b, 0x1.ffffecp-1f, vl),
+        __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(
+            __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.fffdb6p-2f, vl), 0x1.555e66p-3f, b, vl),
+            __riscv_vfmacc_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vfmv_v_f_f32m2(0x1.573e2ep-5f, vl), 0x1.0e4020p-7f, b, vl),
+            u, vl), u, vl);
+    if (!__riscv_vcpop_m_b16(c, vl))
+        return __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(k, j, k, vl);
+    const vbool16_t  dm = __riscv_vmfle_vf_f32m2_b16(n, 0.0f, vl);
+    const vuint32m2_t d = __riscv_vmerge_vxm_u32m2(__riscv_vmv_v_x_u32m2(0, vl), 0x82000000, dm, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t s1 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vadd_vx_u32m2(d, 0x7f000000, vl));
+    const vfloat32m2_t s2 = __riscv_vreinterpret_v_u32m2_f32m2(__riscv_vsub_vv_u32m2(e, d, vl));
+    const vfloat32m2_t r1 = __riscv_vmerge_vvm_f32m2(
+        __riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(k, k, j, vl),
+        __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(__riscv_vfmacc_vv_f32m2(s2, s2, j, vl), s1, vl),
+        c, vl);
+    return __riscv_vmerge_vvm_f32m2(
+        r1, __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(s1, s1, vl),
+        __riscv_vmfgt_vf_f32m2_b16(__riscv_vfabs_v_f32m2(n, vl), 192.0f, vl),
+        vl);
+}
+
+// computes silu x/(1+exp(-x)) in single precision vector
+inline static vfloat32m2_t ggml_v_silu_m2(vfloat32m2_t x, int vl) {
+    const vfloat32m2_t neg_x = __riscv_vfneg_v_f32m2(x, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t exp_neg_x = ggml_v_expf_m2(neg_x, vl);
+    const vfloat32m2_t one_plus_exp_neg_x = __riscv_vfadd_vf_f32m2(exp_neg_x, 1.0f, vl);
+    return __riscv_vfdiv_vv_f32m2(x, one_plus_exp_neg_x, vl);
+}
+
+#endif // __ARM_NEON / __AVX2__ / __SSE2__ / __riscv_v_intrinsic
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_silu_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -94,7 +94,11 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
             # As of 12.3.1 CUDA Toolkit for Windows does not offer a static cublas library
             target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas)
         else ()
-            target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static)
+            if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "10.1")
+                target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static CUDA::cublasLt_static)
+            else()
+                target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE  CUDA::cudart_static CUDA::cublas_static)
+            endif()
         endif()
     else()
         target_link_libraries(ggml-cuda PRIVATE CUDA::cudart CUDA::cublas)

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cu

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "binbcast.cuh"
 #include <cstdint>
+#include <utility>
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_repeat(const float a, const float b) {
     return b;
@@ -22,13 +23,16 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float op_div(const float a, const float b) {
     return a / b;
 }
 
-template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
+
+
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t, typename... src1_ptrs>
 static __global__ void k_bin_bcast(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
-        int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
-        int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
-        /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
-        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
-        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13) {
+        const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2, const int ne3,
+        const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int ne13,
+        /*int s0, */ const int s1, const int s2, const int s3,
+        /*int s00,*/ const int s01, const int s02, const int s03,
+        /*int s10,*/ const int s11, const int s12, const int s13,
+        src1_ptrs... src1s) {
     const int i0s = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
     const int i1 = (blockDim.y*blockIdx.y + threadIdx.y);
     const int i2 = (blockDim.z*blockIdx.z + threadIdx.z) / ne3;
@@ -46,24 +50,31 @@ static __global__ void k_bin_bcast(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst
     const size_t i_src1 = i13*s13 + i12*s12 + i11*s11;
     const size_t i_dst  =  i3*s3  +  i2*s2  +  i1*s1;
 
-    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 + i_src0;
-    const src1_t * src1_row = src1 + i_src1;
+    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 ? (src0 + i_src0) : nullptr;
     dst_t * dst_row = dst + i_dst;
 
     for (int i0 = i0s; i0 < ne0; i0 += blockDim.x*gridDim.x) {
         const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
-        dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
+
+        float result = src0_row ? (float) src0_row[i0] : 0.0f;
+        if constexpr (sizeof...(src1_ptrs) > 0) {
+            result = (..., (result = bin_op(result, (float)src1s[i_src1 + i10])));
+        } else {
+            result = bin_op(result, (float)src1[i_src1 + i10]);
+        }
+
+        dst_row[i0] = (dst_t) result;
     }
 }
 
-template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
-static __global__ void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * src1, dst_t * dst,
-        int ne0, int ne1, int ne2, int ne3,
-        int ne10, int ne11, int ne12, int ne13,
-        /*int s0, */ int s1,  int s2,  int s3,
-        /*int s00,*/ int s01, int s02, int s03,
-        /*int s10,*/ int s11, int s12, int s13) {
-
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t, typename... src1_ptrs>
+static __global__ void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t *   src0, const src1_t *   src1, dst_t *          dst,
+        const int ne0, const int ne1, const int ne2,const int ne3,
+        const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int ne13,
+        /*int s0, */ const int s1, const int s2, const int s3,
+        /*int s00,*/ const int s01, const int s02, const int s03,
+        /*int s10,*/ const int s11, const int s12, const int s13,
+        src1_ptrs ... src1s) {
     const int i = blockDim.x*blockIdx.x + threadIdx.x;
 
     const int i3 = i/(ne2*ne1*ne0);
@@ -83,12 +94,190 @@ static __global__ void k_bin_bcast_unravel(const src0_t * src0, const src1_t * s
     const size_t i_src1 = i13*s13 + i12*s12 + i11*s11;
     const size_t i_dst  =  i3*s3  +  i2*s2  +  i1*s1;
 
-    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 + i_src0;
-    const src1_t * src1_row = src1 + i_src1;
+    const src0_t * src0_row = src0 ? (src0 + i_src0) : nullptr;
     dst_t * dst_row = dst + i_dst;
 
     const int i10 = i0 % ne10;
-    dst_row[i0] = (dst_t)bin_op(src0 ? (float)src0_row[i0] : 0.0f, (float)src1_row[i10]);
+
+    float result = src0_row ? (float) src0_row[i0] : 0.0f;
+    if constexpr (sizeof...(src1_ptrs) > 0) {
+        result = (..., (result = bin_op(result, (float)src1s[i_src1 + i10])));
+    } else {
+        result = bin_op(result, (float)src1[i_src1 + i10]);
+    }
+
+    dst_row[i0] = (dst_t) result;
+}
+
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t, size_t... I>
+static void launch_bin_bcast_pack(const ggml_tensor * src0, const ggml_tensor * src1, ggml_tensor * dst,
+                                  const src0_t * src0_dd, const src1_t * src1_dd, dst_t * dst_dd,
+                                  cudaStream_t stream, std::index_sequence<I...>) {
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    int nr0 = ne10 / ne0;
+    int nr1 = ne11 / ne1;
+    int nr2 = ne12 / ne2;
+    int nr3 = ne13 / ne3;
+
+    int nr[4] = { nr0, nr1, nr2, nr3 };
+
+    int64_t cne[]  = { ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3 };
+    int64_t cne0[] = { ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03 };
+    int64_t cne1[] = { ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13 };
+
+    size_t cnb[]  = { nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3 };
+    size_t cnb0[] = { nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03 };
+    size_t cnb1[] = { nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13 };
+
+    auto collapse = [](int64_t cne[]) {
+        cne[0] *= cne[1];
+        cne[1] = cne[2];
+        cne[2] = cne[3];
+        cne[3] = 1;
+    };
+
+    auto collapse_nb = [](size_t cnb[], const int64_t cne[]) {
+        cnb[1] *= cne[1];
+        cnb[2] *= cne[2];
+        cnb[3] *= cne[3];
+    };
+
+    if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+            if (nr[i] != 1) {
+                break;
+            }
+            if (i > 0) {
+                collapse_nb(cnb, cne);
+                collapse_nb(cnb0, cne0);
+                collapse_nb(cnb1, cne1);
+                collapse(cne);
+                collapse(cne0);
+                collapse(cne1);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    {
+        int64_t ne0 = cne[0];
+        int64_t ne1 = cne[1];
+        int64_t ne2 = cne[2];
+        int64_t ne3 = cne[3];
+
+        //int64_t ne00 = cne0[0]; GGML_UNUSED(ne00);
+        //int64_t ne01 = cne0[1]; GGML_UNUSED(ne01);
+        //int64_t ne02 = cne0[2]; GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
+        //int64_t ne03 = cne0[3]; GGML_UNUSED(ne03);
+
+        int64_t ne10 = cne1[0];
+        int64_t ne11 = cne1[1];
+        int64_t ne12 = cne1[2];
+        int64_t ne13 = cne1[3];
+
+        size_t nb0 = cnb[0];
+        size_t nb1 = cnb[1];
+        size_t nb2 = cnb[2];
+        size_t nb3 = cnb[3];
+
+        size_t nb00 = cnb0[0];
+        size_t nb01 = cnb0[1];
+        size_t nb02 = cnb0[2];
+        size_t nb03 = cnb0[3];
+
+        size_t nb10 = cnb1[0];
+        size_t nb11 = cnb1[1];
+        size_t nb12 = cnb1[2];
+        size_t nb13 = cnb1[3];
+
+        size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
+        size_t s1 = nb1 / sizeof(dst_t);
+        size_t s2 = nb2 / sizeof(dst_t);
+        size_t s3 = nb3 / sizeof(dst_t);
+
+        size_t s10 = nb10 / sizeof(src1_t);
+        size_t s11 = nb11 / sizeof(src1_t);
+        size_t s12 = nb12 / sizeof(src1_t);
+        size_t s13 = nb13 / sizeof(src1_t);
+
+        size_t s00 = nb00 / sizeof(src0_t);
+        size_t s01 = nb01 / sizeof(src0_t);
+        size_t s02 = nb02 / sizeof(src0_t);
+        size_t s03 = nb03 / sizeof(src0_t);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb0 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb1 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb2 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb3 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb00 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb02 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb03 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb10 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb11 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+        GGML_ASSERT(nb13 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(s0 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(s00 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(s10 == 1);
+
+        const int block_size = 128;
+
+        int64_t hne0 = std::max(ne0 / 2LL, 1LL);
+
+        dim3 block_dims;
+        block_dims.x = std::min<unsigned int>(hne0, block_size);
+        block_dims.y = std::min<unsigned int>(ne1, block_size / block_dims.x);
+        block_dims.z = std::min(std::min<unsigned int>(ne2 * ne3, block_size / block_dims.x / block_dims.y), 64U);
+
+        dim3 block_nums((hne0 + block_dims.x - 1) / block_dims.x,
+                        (ne1 + block_dims.y - 1) / block_dims.y,
+                        (ne2 * ne3 + block_dims.z - 1) / block_dims.z);
+
+        if (block_nums.z > 65535) {
+            int block_num = (ne0 * ne1 * ne2 * ne3 + block_size - 1) / block_size;
+            if constexpr (sizeof...(I) > 0) {
+                k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t>
+                    <<<block_num, block_size, 0, stream>>>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
+                        ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+                        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                        /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
+                        /* s00,*/ s01, s02, s03,
+                        /* s10,*/ s11, s12,s13,
+                        (const src1_t *) dst->src[I + 1]->data...);
+            } else {
+                k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t>
+                    <<<block_num, block_size, 0, stream>>>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
+                        ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+                        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                        /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
+                        /* s00,*/ s01, s02, s03,
+                        /* s10,*/ s11, s12,s13);
+            }
+        } else {
+            if constexpr (sizeof...(I) > 0) {
+                k_bin_bcast<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t>
+                    <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
+                        ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+                        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                        /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
+                        /* s00,*/ s01, s02, s03,
+                        /* s10,*/ s11, s12,s13,
+                        (const src1_t *) dst->src[I + 1]->data...);
+            } else {
+                k_bin_bcast<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t>
+                    <<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
+                        ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
+                        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                        /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
+                        /* s00,*/ s01, s02, s03,
+                        /* s10,*/ s11, s12,s13);
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 template <typename T>
@@ -120,160 +309,14 @@ static __global__ void k_repeat_back(
     dst[tid3*ne2*ne1*ne0 + tid2*ne1*ne0 + tid1*ne0 + tid0] = sum;
 }
 
-template<float (*bin_op)(const float, const float)>
+template <float (*bin_op)(const float, const float), int n_fuse = 1>
 struct bin_bcast_cuda {
     template<typename src0_t, typename src1_t, typename dst_t>
     void operator()(const struct ggml_tensor * src0, const struct ggml_tensor * src1, struct ggml_tensor * dst,
             const src0_t * src0_dd, const src1_t * src1_dd, dst_t * dst_dd,
             cudaStream_t stream) {
-
-        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
-
-        int nr0 = ne10/ne0;
-        int nr1 = ne11/ne1;
-        int nr2 = ne12/ne2;
-        int nr3 = ne13/ne3;
-
-        int nr[4] = { nr0, nr1, nr2, nr3 };
-
-        // collapse dimensions until first broadcast dimension
-        int64_t cne[] = {ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3};
-        int64_t cne0[] = {ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03};
-        int64_t cne1[] = {ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13};
-
-        size_t cnb[] = {nb0, nb1, nb2, nb3};
-        size_t cnb0[] = {nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03};
-        size_t cnb1[] = {nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13};
-
-        auto collapse = [](int64_t cne[]) {
-            cne[0] *= cne[1];
-            cne[1] = cne[2];
-            cne[2] = cne[3];
-            cne[3] = 1;
-        };
-
-        auto collapse_nb = [](size_t cnb[], const int64_t cne[]) {
-            cnb[1] *= cne[1];
-            cnb[2] *= cne[2];
-            cnb[3] *= cne[3];
-        };
-
-        if (ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1) && ggml_is_contiguous(dst)) {
-            for (int i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
-                if (nr[i] != 1) {
-                    break;
-                }
-                if (i > 0) {
-                    collapse_nb(cnb, cne);
-                    collapse_nb(cnb0, cne0);
-                    collapse_nb(cnb1, cne1);
-                    collapse(cne);
-                    collapse(cne0);
-                    collapse(cne1);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        {
-            int64_t ne0 = cne[0];
-            int64_t ne1 = cne[1];
-            int64_t ne2 = cne[2];
-            int64_t ne3 = cne[3];
-
-            //int64_t ne00 = cne0[0]; GGML_UNUSED(ne00);
-            //int64_t ne01 = cne0[1]; GGML_UNUSED(ne01);
-            //int64_t ne02 = cne0[2]; GGML_UNUSED(ne02);
-            //int64_t ne03 = cne0[3]; GGML_UNUSED(ne03);
-
-            int64_t ne10 = cne1[0];
-            int64_t ne11 = cne1[1];
-            int64_t ne12 = cne1[2];
-            int64_t ne13 = cne1[3];
-
-            size_t nb0 = cnb[0];
-            size_t nb1 = cnb[1];
-            size_t nb2 = cnb[2];
-            size_t nb3 = cnb[3];
-
-            size_t nb00 = cnb0[0];
-            size_t nb01 = cnb0[1];
-            size_t nb02 = cnb0[2];
-            size_t nb03 = cnb0[3];
-
-            size_t nb10 = cnb1[0];
-            size_t nb11 = cnb1[1];
-            size_t nb12 = cnb1[2];
-            size_t nb13 = cnb1[3];
-
-            size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
-            size_t s1 = nb1 / sizeof(dst_t);
-            size_t s2 = nb2 / sizeof(dst_t);
-            size_t s3 = nb3 / sizeof(dst_t);
-
-            size_t s10 = nb10 / sizeof(src1_t);
-            size_t s11 = nb11 / sizeof(src1_t);
-            size_t s12 = nb12 / sizeof(src1_t);
-            size_t s13 = nb13 / sizeof(src1_t);
-
-            size_t s00 = nb00 / sizeof(src0_t);
-            size_t s01 = nb01 / sizeof(src0_t);
-            size_t s02 = nb02 / sizeof(src0_t);
-            size_t s03 = nb03 / sizeof(src0_t);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb0 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb1 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb2 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb3 % sizeof(dst_t) == 0);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb00 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb01 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb02 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb03 % sizeof(src0_t) == 0);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb10 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb11 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb12 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-            GGML_ASSERT(nb13 % sizeof(src1_t) == 0);
-
-            GGML_ASSERT(s0 == 1);
-            GGML_ASSERT(s00 == 1);
-            GGML_ASSERT(s10 == 1);
-
-            const int block_size = 128;
-
-            int64_t hne0 = std::max(ne0/2LL, 1LL);
-
-            dim3 block_dims;
-            block_dims.x = std::min<unsigned int>(hne0, block_size);
-            block_dims.y = std::min<unsigned int>(ne1, block_size / block_dims.x);
-            block_dims.z = std::min(std::min<unsigned int>(ne2*ne3, block_size / block_dims.x / block_dims.y), 64U);
-
-            dim3 block_nums(
-                (hne0 + block_dims.x - 1) / block_dims.x,
-                (ne1 + block_dims.y - 1) / block_dims.y,
-                (ne2*ne3 + block_dims.z - 1) / block_dims.z
-            );
-
-            if (block_nums.z > 65535) {
-                // this is the maximum number of blocks in z dimension, fallback to 1D grid kernel
-                int block_num = (ne0*ne1*ne2*ne3 + block_size - 1) / block_size;
-                k_bin_bcast_unravel<bin_op><<<block_num, block_size, 0, stream>>>(
-                    src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
-                    ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
-                    ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                    /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
-                    /* s00, */ s01, s02, s03,
-                    /* s10, */ s11, s12, s13);
-            } else {
-                k_bin_bcast<bin_op><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
-                    src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd,
-                    ne0, ne1, ne2, ne3,
-                    ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                    /* s0, */ s1, s2, s3,
-                    /* s00, */ s01, s02, s03,
-                    /* s10, */ s11, s12, s13);
-            }
-        }
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<bin_op, src0_t, src1_t, dst_t>(
+            src0, src1, dst, src0_dd, src1_dd, dst_dd, stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
     }
 };
 
@@ -312,7 +355,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast(
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_repeat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast<bin_bcast_cuda<op_repeat>>(dst, dst->src[0], dst, nullptr, dst->src[0]->data, dst->data, ctx.stream());
+    ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast<bin_bcast_cuda<op_repeat, 0>>(dst, dst->src[0], dst, nullptr, dst->src[0]->data, dst->data, ctx.stream());
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -331,6 +374,68 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_div(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_cuda_op_bin_bcast<bin_bcast_cuda<op_div>>(dst->src[0], dst->src[1], dst, dst->src[0]->data, dst->src[1]->data, dst->data, ctx.stream());
 }
 
+template <float (*op)(const float, const float), int n_fuse>
+static void ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+    if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, float, float, float>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const float *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (float *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, half, half, half>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const half *) src0->data, (const half *) src1->data, (half *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, half, float, half>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const half *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (half *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        launch_bin_bcast_pack<op, half, float, float>(src0, src1, dst,
+            (const half *) src0->data, (const float *) src1->data, (float *) dst->data,
+            stream, std::make_index_sequence<n_fuse>{});
+    } else {
+        fprintf(stderr,
+                "%s: unsupported types for fusion: dst: %s, src0: %s, src1: %s\n",
+                __func__, ggml_type_name(dst->type), ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(src1->type));
+        GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+    }
+}
+
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_fused_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, int n_fuse) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(2 <= n_fuse && n_fuse <= 8);
+
+    switch (n_fuse) {
+        case 2:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 2>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 3:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 3>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 4:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 4>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 5:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 5>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 6:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 6>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 7:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 7>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case 8:
+            ggml_cuda_op_fused_binbcast_impl<op_add, 8>(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        default:
+            GGML_ASSERT(false && "Unsupported n_fuse value");
+    }
+}
+
 void ggml_cuda_op_repeat_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
 

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/binbcast.cuh

@@ -7,3 +7,5 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_mul(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_cuda_op_div(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_repeat_back(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_fused_add(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst, int n_fuse);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh

@@ -107,9 +107,9 @@ constexpr bool ggml_cuda_has_arch(const int arch) {
     return ggml_cuda_has_arch_impl(arch, __CUDA_ARCH_LIST__);
 }
 
-constexpr int ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch_impl(const int arch, const int cur) {
+constexpr int ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch_impl(const int /*arch*/, const int cur) {
     if (cur == 0) {
-        GGML_ABORT("ggml was not compiled with any CUDA arch <= %d", arch);
+        return -1;
     }
     return cur;
 }
@@ -420,16 +420,28 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ half2 warp_reduce_sum(half2 a) {
 
 template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_all(int x) {
-#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+    if (width == ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()) {
+        return __all_sync(0xffffffff, x);
+    } else {
 #pragma unroll
-    for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
-        x = x && __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width);
+        for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+            x = __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width) && x;
+        }
+        return x;
+    }
+}
+
+template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
+static __device__ __forceinline__ int warp_reduce_any(int x) {
+    if (width == ggml_cuda_get_physical_warp_size()) {
+        return __any_sync(0xffffffff, x);
+    } else {
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int offset = width/2; offset > 0; offset >>= 1) {
+            x = __shfl_xor_sync(0xffffffff, x, offset, width) || x;
+        }
+        return x;
     }
-    return x;
-#else
-    static_assert(width == WARP_SIZE, "width != WARP_SIZE not implemented");
-    return __all_sync(0xffffffff, x);
-#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
 }
 
 template<int width = WARP_SIZE>
@@ -551,6 +563,40 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
 #endif // CUDART_VERSION >= 12050
 }
 
+// See https://gmplib.org/~tege/divcnst-pldi94.pdf figure 4.1.
+// Precompute mp (m' in the paper) and L such that division
+// can be computed using a multiply (high 32b of 64b result)
+// and a shift:
+//
+// n/d = (mulhi(n, mp) + n) >> L;
+static const uint3 init_fastdiv_values(uint32_t d) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(d != 0);
+
+    // compute L = ceil(log2(d));
+    uint32_t L = 0;
+    while (L < 32 && (uint32_t{ 1 } << L) < d) {
+        L++;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t mp = (uint32_t) ((uint64_t{ 1 } << 32) * ((uint64_t{ 1 } << L) - d) / d + 1);
+    // pack divisor as well to reduce error surface
+    return make_uint3(mp, L, d);
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t fastdiv(uint32_t n, const uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    // expects fastdiv_values to contain <mp, L, divisor> in <x, y, z>
+    // fastdiv_values.z is unused and optimized away by the compiler.
+    // Compute high 32 bits of n * mp
+    const uint32_t hi = __umulhi(n, fastdiv_values.x);
+    // add n, apply bit shift
+    return (hi + n) >> fastdiv_values.y;
+}
+
+static __device__ __forceinline__ uint32_t fastmodulo(uint32_t n, const uint3 fastdiv_values) {
+    // expects  fastdiv_values to contain <mp, L, divisor> in <x, y, z> (see init_fastdiv_values)
+    return n - fastdiv(n, fastdiv_values) * fastdiv_values.z;
+}
+
 typedef void (*dequantize_kernel_t)(const void * vx, const int64_t ib, const int iqs, float2 & v);
 
 static __device__ __forceinline__ float get_alibi_slope(

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cu

@@ -0,0 +1,166 @@
+#include "conv2d.cuh"
+#include "convert.cuh"
+
+struct conv_params {
+    const int64_t IW, IH;
+    const int64_t OW, OH;
+    const int64_t KW, KH;
+    const int64_t ST_X, ST_Y;
+    const int64_t PD_X, PD_Y;
+    const int64_t DL_X, DL_Y;
+    const int64_t IC, OC;
+    const int64_t B;
+    const int64_t TOTAL;
+};
+
+struct kernel_bounds {
+    int64_t y_min, y_max;
+    int64_t x_min, x_max;
+};
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int64_t max64(int64_t a, int64_t b) {
+    return (a > b) ? a : b;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int64_t min64(int64_t a, int64_t b) {
+    return (a < b) ? a : b;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ kernel_bounds calculate_kernel_bounds(int64_t out_x, int64_t out_y, const conv_params & P) {
+    kernel_bounds bounds;
+    bounds.y_min = max64(0, (P.PD_Y - out_y * P.ST_Y + P.DL_Y - 1) / P.DL_Y);
+    bounds.y_max = min64(P.KH, (P.IH + P.PD_Y - out_y * P.ST_Y + P.DL_Y - 1) / P.DL_Y);
+    bounds.x_min = max64(0, (P.PD_X - out_x * P.ST_X + P.DL_X - 1) / P.DL_X);
+    bounds.x_max = min64(P.KW, (P.IW + P.PD_X - out_x * P.ST_X + P.DL_X - 1) / P.DL_X);
+    return bounds;
+}
+
+__device__ __forceinline__ int calculate_input_coord(int64_t out_coord,
+                                                     int64_t kern_coord,
+                                                     int64_t stride,
+                                                     int64_t dilation,
+                                                     int64_t padding) {
+    return out_coord * stride + kern_coord * dilation - padding;
+}
+
+struct whcn_layout {
+    __device__ static int64_t input_index(int64_t n, int64_t c, int64_t y, int64_t x, const conv_params & P) {
+        return n * (P.IC * P.IW * P.IH) + c * P.IW * P.IH + y * P.IW + x;
+    }
+
+    __device__ static int64_t kernel_index(int64_t c_out, int64_t c_in, int64_t ky, int64_t kx, const conv_params & P) {
+        return c_out * (P.IC * P.KH * P.KW) + c_in * (P.KH * P.KW) + ky * P.KW + kx;
+    }
+
+    __device__ static int64_t output_index(int64_t n, int64_t c, int64_t y, int64_t x, const conv_params & P) {
+        return n * (P.OC * P.OW * P.OH) + c * P.OW * P.OH + y * P.OW + x;
+    }
+
+    __device__ static void unpack_indices(int64_t             global_idx,
+                                          const conv_params & P,
+                                          int64_t &           n,
+                                          int64_t &           c,
+                                          int64_t &           out_y,
+                                          int64_t &           out_x) {
+        out_x = global_idx % P.OW;
+        out_y = (global_idx / P.OW) % P.OH;
+        c     = (global_idx / (P.OW * P.OH)) % P.OC;
+        n     = global_idx / (P.OW * P.OH * P.OC);
+    }
+};
+
+template <typename T, typename Layout>
+static __global__ void conv2d_kernel(const float * __restrict__ input,
+                                     const T * __restrict__ kernel,
+                                     float * __restrict__ output,
+                                     const conv_params P) {
+    const int64_t global_idx = blockIdx.x * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
+
+    if (global_idx >= P.TOTAL) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    int64_t n, c_out, out_y, out_x;
+    Layout::unpack_indices(global_idx, P, n, c_out, out_y, out_x);
+
+    float acc = 0.0f;
+
+    for (int64_t c_in = 0; c_in < P.IC; ++c_in) {
+        kernel_bounds bounds = calculate_kernel_bounds(out_x, out_y, P);
+
+        for (int64_t ky = bounds.y_min; ky < bounds.y_max; ++ky) {
+            const int64_t in_y = calculate_input_coord(out_y, ky, P.ST_Y, P.DL_Y, P.PD_Y);
+
+            for (int64_t kx = bounds.x_min; kx < bounds.x_max; ++kx) {
+                const int64_t in_x = calculate_input_coord(out_x, kx, P.ST_X, P.DL_X, P.PD_X);
+
+                const float input_val = input[Layout::input_index(n, c_in, in_y, in_x, P)];
+                const T kernel_val = kernel[Layout::kernel_index(c_out, c_in, ky, kx, P)];
+                acc += (input_val * ggml_cuda_cast<float>(kernel_val));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // [N, OC, OH, OW]
+    output[Layout::output_index(n, c_out, out_y, out_x, P)] = acc;
+}
+
+template <typename T>
+static void conv2d_cuda(const float * X_D, const T * K_D, float * Y_D, const conv_params P, cudaStream_t st) {
+    const int blocks = (P.TOTAL + CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    conv2d_kernel<T, whcn_layout><<<blocks, CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, st>>>(X_D, K_D, Y_D, P);
+}
+
+static void conv2d_cuda_f16(const float * X_D, const half * K_D, float * Y_D, const conv_params P, cudaStream_t st) {
+    conv2d_cuda<half>(X_D, K_D, Y_D, P, st);
+}
+
+static void conv2d_cuda_f32(const float * X_D, const float * K_D, float * Y_D, const conv_params P, cudaStream_t st) {
+    conv2d_cuda<float>(X_D, K_D, Y_D, P, st);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_conv2d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * kernel = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * input  = dst->src[1];
+    float *             K_D    = (float *) kernel->data;
+    const float *       X_D    = (const float *) input->data;
+    float *             Y_D    = (float *) dst->data;
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(ggml_is_contiguous(kernel));
+    GGML_ASSERT(kernel->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || kernel->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    // same number of input channels
+    GGML_ASSERT(input->ne[2] == kernel->ne[2]);
+
+    cudaStream_t st = ctx.stream();
+
+    const int32_t * p    = (const int32_t *) dst->op_params;
+    const int       ST_X = p[0];  // stride_x
+    const int       ST_Y = p[1];  // stride_y
+    const int       PD_X = p[2];  // padding_x
+    const int       PD_Y = p[3];  // padding_y
+    const int       DL_X = p[4];  // dilation_x
+    const int       DL_Y = p[5];  // dilation_y
+
+    // No cwhn
+    GGML_ASSERT(p[6] == false);
+
+    const int IW = input->ne[0];   // input_w
+    const int IH = input->ne[1];   // input_h
+    const int OW = dst->ne[0];     // output_w
+    const int OH = dst->ne[1];     // output_h
+    const int KW = kernel->ne[0];  // kernel_w
+    const int KH = kernel->ne[1];  // kernel_h
+    const int IC = input->ne[2];   // input_channels
+    const int OC = kernel->ne[3];  // ouptut_chanles
+    const int B  = input->ne[3];   // n_batches
+
+    const int64_t total  = B * OC * OH * OW;
+    conv_params   params = { IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, ST_X, ST_Y, PD_X, PD_Y, DL_X, DL_Y, IC, OC, B, total };
+
+    if (kernel->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        conv2d_cuda_f16(X_D, (half *) K_D, Y_D, params, st);
+    } else {
+        conv2d_cuda_f32(X_D, K_D, Y_D, params, st);
+    }
+}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/conv2d.cuh

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+#pragma once
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+#define CUDA_CONV2D_BLOCK_SIZE 256
+void ggml_cuda_op_conv2d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/convert.cuh

@@ -38,6 +38,8 @@ template<typename dst_t, typename src_t>
         return __float2bfloat16(float(x));
     } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<src_t, nv_bfloat16>) {
         return __bfloat162float(x);
+    } else if constexpr(std::is_same_v<dst_t, int32_t>) {
+        return int32_t(x);
     } else {
         return float(x);
     }

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cu

@@ -374,6 +374,10 @@ void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, gg
         ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<nv_bfloat16, half> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
         ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<nv_bfloat16, float> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+        ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<float, int32_t> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
+    } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+        ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<int32_t, float> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream, dest_ptrs_d, graph_cpynode_index);
     } else {
         GGML_ABORT("%s: unsupported type combination (%s to %s)\n", __func__,
                 ggml_type_name(src0->type), ggml_type_name(src1->type));

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cu

@@ -1,371 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f16.cuh"
-
-#define FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16 64
-
-template<int D, int ncols, int nwarps, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
-__launch_bounds__(nwarps*WARP_SIZE, 2)
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
-static __global__ void flash_attn_tile_ext_f16(
-        const char * __restrict__ Q,
-        const char * __restrict__ K,
-        const char * __restrict__ V,
-        const char * __restrict__ mask,
-        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
-        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
-        float      * __restrict__ dst,
-        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
-        const float scale,
-        const float max_bias,
-        const float m0,
-        const float m1,
-        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
-        const float logit_softcap,
-        const int32_t ne00, const int32_t ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
-                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
-        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
-                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
-                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
-                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
-                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33) {
-#if defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(FP16_AVAILABLE)
-
-    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
-#ifdef FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-    return;
-#endif // FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    //In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
-
-    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
-
-    const int sequence = blockIdx.z / ne02;
-    const int head = blockIdx.z - sequence*ne02;
-    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
-    const float2 * Q_f2   = (const float2 *) (Q    + nb03* sequence         + nb02* head              + nb01*ic0);
-    const half2  * K_h2   = (const half2  *) (K    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio));
-    const half2  * V_h2   = (const half2  *) (V    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
-    const half   * maskh  = (const half   *) (mask  + nb33*(sequence % ne33)                          + nb31*ic0);
-    const float  * sinksf = (const float  *) (sinks);
-
-    const int stride_KV2 = nb11 / sizeof(half2);
-
-    const float slopef = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
-    const half  slopeh = __float2half(slopef);
-
-    static_assert(D % (2*WARP_SIZE) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*WARP_SIZE == 64.");
-
-    __shared__ half KQ[ncols*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16];
-    half2 * KQ2 = (half2 *) KQ;
-
-    __shared__ half2 KV_tmp[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16][D/2 + 1]; // Pad D to avoid memory bank conflicts.
-
-    half kqmax[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        kqmax[j0/nwarps] = -HALF_MAX_HALF;
-    }
-    half2 kqsum[ncols/nwarps] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
-
-    half2 VKQ[ncols/nwarps][(D/2)/WARP_SIZE] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
-
-    // Convert Q to half2 and store in registers:
-    __shared__ half2 Q_h2[ncols][D/2];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-            const float2 tmp = ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f2[j*(nb01/sizeof(float2)) + i] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-            Q_h2[j][i] = make_half2(scale, scale) * make_half2(tmp.x, tmp.y);
-        }
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence*gridDim.x + blockIdx.x] : ne11;
-    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16) {
-        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
-
-        half kqmax_new[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols/nwarps; ++j) {
-            kqmax_new[j] = kqmax[j];
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D/2; k_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int k_KQ = k_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ] = K_h2[int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ)*stride_KV2 + k_KQ];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        half2 sum2[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/WARP_SIZE][ncols/nwarps] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k_KQ = 0; k_KQ < D/2; ++k_KQ) {
-            half2 K_k[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/WARP_SIZE];
-            half2 Q_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE] = KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = Q_h2[j_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                    sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE]*Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                half sum;
-                if (use_logit_softcap) {
-                    const float2 tmp = __half22float2(sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-                    sum = logit_softcap * tanhf(tmp.x + tmp.y);
-                } else {
-                    sum = __low2half(sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]) + __high2half(sum2[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-                }
-                sum += mask ? slopeh*maskh[j_KQ*ne11 + k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ] : __float2half(0.0f);
-
-                kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = ggml_cuda_hmax(kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps], sum);
-
-                KQ[j_KQ*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16 + i_KQ] = sum;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            kqmax_new[j0/nwarps] = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
-            const half2 KQ_max_scale = __half2half2(hexp(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]));
-            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new[j0/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                const half2 diff = KQ2[j*(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2) + i] - __half2half2(kqmax[j0/nwarps]);
-                const half2 val = h2exp(diff);
-                kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps]*KQ_max_scale + val;
-                KQ2[j*(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2) + i] = val;
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE] *= KQ_max_scale;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; k0 += nwarps) {
-            const int k = k0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                KV_tmp[k][i] = V_h2[int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + k)*stride_KV2 + i];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16; k0 += 2) {
-            half2  V_k[(D/2)/WARP_SIZE][2];
-            half2 KQ_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][0] = KV_tmp[k0 + 0][i];
-                V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][1] = KV_tmp[k0 + 1][i];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                KQ_k[j0/nwarps] = KQ2[j*(FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16/2) + k0/2];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE] += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][0]* __low2half2(KQ_k[j0/nwarps]);
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE] += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE][1]*__high2half2(KQ_k[j0/nwarps]);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-    //Attention sink: adjust running max and sum once per head
-    if (sinksf && blockIdx.y == 0) {
-        const half sink = __float2half(sinksf[head]);
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            half kqmax_new_j = fmaxf(kqmax[j0/nwarps], sink);
-            kqmax_new_j = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new_j);
-
-            const half2 KQ_max_scale = __half2half2(hexp(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new_j));
-            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new_j;
-
-            const half val = hexp(sink - kqmax[j0/nwarps]);
-            kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps] * KQ_max_scale;
-            if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-                kqsum[j0/nwarps].x = __hadd(kqsum[j0/nwarps].x, val);
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE] *= KQ_max_scale;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    float2 * dst2 = (float2 *) dst;
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j_VKQ_0 = 0; j_VKQ_0 < ncols; j_VKQ_0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j_VKQ = j_VKQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-        if (ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        half kqsum_j = __low2half(kqsum[j_VKQ_0/nwarps]) + __high2half(kqsum[j_VKQ_0/nwarps]);
-        kqsum_j = warp_reduce_sum((float)kqsum_j);
-
-        const int j_dst_unrolled = ((sequence*ne01 + ic0 + j_VKQ)*ne02 + head)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i00 = 0; i00 < D/2; i00 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i0 = i00 + threadIdx.x;
-
-            half2 dst_val = VKQ[j_VKQ_0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE];
-            if (gridDim.y == 1) {
-                dst_val /= __half2half2(kqsum_j);
-            }
-            dst2[j_dst_unrolled*(D/2) + i0] = __half22float2(dst_val);
-        }
-
-        if (gridDim.y != 1 && threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            dst_meta[j_dst_unrolled] = make_float2(kqmax[j_VKQ_0/nwarps], kqsum_j);
-        }
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
-        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
-        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
-              nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-              nb11, nb12, nb13,
-              nb21, nb22, nb23,
-              ne31, ne32, ne33,
-              nb31, nb32, nb33);
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // defined(FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE) && defined(FP16_AVAILABLE)
-}
-
-template <int cols_per_block, bool use_logit_softcap>
-void launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
-    switch (Q->ne[0]) {
-        case  64: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 64;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f16<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        case 128: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 128;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f16<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F16, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        default: {
-            GGML_ABORT("FlashAttention without tensor cores only supports head sizes 64 and 128.");
-        } break;
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
-    const ggml_tensor * Q   = dst->src[0];
-
-    const int32_t precision = KQV->op_params[3];
-    GGML_ASSERT(precision == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT);
-
-    float logit_softcap;
-    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] <= 16) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    constexpr int cols_per_block = 32;
-    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    } else {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f16_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    }
-}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f16.cuh

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f16(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cu

@@ -1,379 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-common.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f32.cuh"
-
-#define FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 32
-
-template<int D, int ncols, int nwarps, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
-#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
-__launch_bounds__(nwarps*WARP_SIZE, 2)
-#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
-static __global__ void flash_attn_tile_ext_f32(
-        const char * __restrict__ Q,
-        const char * __restrict__ K,
-        const char * __restrict__ V,
-        const char * __restrict__ mask,
-        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
-        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
-        float      * __restrict__ dst,
-        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
-        const float scale,
-        const float max_bias,
-        const float m0,
-        const float m1,
-        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
-        const float logit_softcap,
-        const int32_t ne00, const int32_t ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
-                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
-        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
-                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
-                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
-                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
-                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33) {
-#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-
-    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
-#ifdef FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-    return;
-#endif // FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
-    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
-        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
-            max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
-            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
-                  nb01, nb02, nb03,
-            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-                  nb11, nb12, nb13,
-                  nb21, nb22, nb23,
-                  ne31, ne32, ne33,
-                  nb31, nb32, nb33);
-        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
-
-    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
-
-    const int sequence = blockIdx.z / ne02;
-    const int head = blockIdx.z - sequence*ne02;
-    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
-    const float2 * Q_f2   = (const float2 *) (Q    + nb03* sequence         + nb02* head              + nb01*ic0);
-    const half2  * K_h2   = (const half2  *) (K    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio));
-    const half2  * V_h2   = (const half2  *) (V    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
-    const half   * maskh  = (const half   *) (mask  + nb33*(sequence % ne33)                          + nb31*ic0);
-    const float  * sinksf = (const float  *) (sinks);
-
-    const int stride_KV2 = nb11 / sizeof(half2);
-
-    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
-
-    static_assert(D % (2*WARP_SIZE) == 0, "D not divisible by 2*WARP_SIZE == 64.");
-
-    __shared__ float KQ[ncols*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32];
-
-    __shared__ float KV_tmp[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32][D + 1]; // Pad D to avoid memory bank conflicts.
-    float2 * KV_tmp2 = (float2 *) KV_tmp;
-
-    float kqmax[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        kqmax[j0/nwarps] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
-    }
-    float kqsum[ncols/nwarps] = {0.0f};
-
-    float2 VKQ[ncols/nwarps][(D/2)/WARP_SIZE] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
-
-    // Convert Q to half2 and store in registers:
-    __shared__ float Q_f[ncols][D];
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D; i0 += 2*WARP_SIZE) {
-            float2 tmp = ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f2[j*(nb01/sizeof(float2)) + i0/2 + threadIdx.x] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
-            Q_f[j][i0 + 0*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = tmp.x * scale;
-            Q_f[j][i0 + 1*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = tmp.y * scale;
-        }
-    }
-
-    __syncthreads();
-
-    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence*gridDim.x + blockIdx.x] : ne11;
-    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32) {
-        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
-
-        float kqmax_new[ncols/nwarps];
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j = 0; j < ncols/nwarps; ++j) {
-            kqmax_new[j] = kqmax[j];
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D; k_KQ_0 += 2*WARP_SIZE) {
-                const half2 tmp = K_h2[int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ)*stride_KV2 + k_KQ_0/2 + threadIdx.x];
-                KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ_0 + 0*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] =  __low2float(tmp);
-                KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ_0 + 1*WARP_SIZE + threadIdx.x] = __high2float(tmp);
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-        float sum[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32/WARP_SIZE][ncols/nwarps] = {{0.0f}};
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k_KQ = 0; k_KQ < D; ++k_KQ) {
-            float K_k[FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32/WARP_SIZE];
-            float Q_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE] = KV_tmp[i_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = Q_f[j_KQ][k_KQ];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                    sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += K_k[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE] * Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i_KQ_0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                if (use_logit_softcap) {
-                    sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] = logit_softcap * tanhf(sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-                }
-
-                sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += mask ? slope*__half2float(maskh[j_KQ*ne11 + k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ]) : 0.0f;
-
-                kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = fmaxf(kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps], sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
-
-                KQ[j_KQ*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + i_KQ] = sum[i_KQ_0/WARP_SIZE][j_KQ_0/nwarps];
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-            kqmax_new[j0/nwarps] = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
-            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
-            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new[j0/nwarps];
-
-            float kqsum_add = 0.0f;
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                const float diff = KQ[j*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + i] - kqmax[j0/nwarps];
-                const float val = expf(diff);
-                kqsum_add += val;
-                KQ[j*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + i] = val;
-            }
-            kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps]*KQ_max_scale + kqsum_add;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].x *= KQ_max_scale;
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].y *= KQ_max_scale;
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; k0 += nwarps) {
-            const int k = k0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                const half2 tmp = V_h2[int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + k)*stride_KV2 + i];
-                KV_tmp2[k*(D/2) + i].x =  __low2float(tmp);
-                KV_tmp2[k*(D/2) + i].y = __high2float(tmp);
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int k = 0; k < FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32; ++k) {
-            float2 V_k[(D/2)/WARP_SIZE];
-            float  KQ_k[ncols/nwarps];
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
-
-                V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE] = KV_tmp2[k*(D/2) + i];
-            }
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-                KQ_k[j0/nwarps] = KQ[j*FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32 + k];
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-#pragma unroll
-                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].x += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE].x*KQ_k[j0/nwarps];
-                    VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].y += V_k[i0/WARP_SIZE].y*KQ_k[j0/nwarps];
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        __syncthreads();
-    }
-
-
-    //Attention sink: adjust running max and sum once per head
-    if (sinksf && blockIdx.y == 0) {
-        const float sink = sinksf[head];
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
-            float kqmax_new_j = fmaxf(kqmax[j0/nwarps], sink);
-            kqmax_new_j = warp_reduce_max(kqmax_new_j);
-
-            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new_j);
-            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new_j;
-
-            const float val = expf(sink - kqmax[j0/nwarps]);
-            kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps] * KQ_max_scale;
-            if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
-                kqsum[j0/nwarps] += val;
-            }
-
-#pragma unroll
-            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += WARP_SIZE) {
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].x *= KQ_max_scale;
-                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE].y *= KQ_max_scale;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    float2 * dst2 = (float2 *) dst;
-
-#pragma unroll
-    for (int j_VKQ_0 = 0; j_VKQ_0 < ncols; j_VKQ_0 += nwarps) {
-        const int j_VKQ = j_VKQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
-
-        if (ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        float kqsum_j = kqsum[j_VKQ_0/nwarps];
-        kqsum_j = warp_reduce_sum(kqsum_j);
-
-        const int j_dst_unrolled = ((sequence*ne01 + ic0 + j_VKQ)*ne02 + head)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
-
-#pragma unroll
-        for (int i00 = 0; i00 < D/2; i00 += WARP_SIZE) {
-            const int i0 = i00 + threadIdx.x;
-
-            float2 dst_val = VKQ[j_VKQ_0/nwarps][i0/WARP_SIZE];
-            if (gridDim.y == 1) {
-                dst_val.x /= kqsum_j;
-                dst_val.y /= kqsum_j;
-            }
-            dst2[j_dst_unrolled*(D/2) + i0] = dst_val;
-        }
-
-        if (gridDim.y != 1 && threadIdx.x == 0) {
-            dst_meta[j_dst_unrolled] = make_float2(kqmax[j_VKQ_0/nwarps], kqsum_j);
-        }
-    }
-#else
-    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
-        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
-        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
-              nb01, nb02, nb03,
-        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
-              nb11, nb12, nb13,
-              nb21, nb22, nb23,
-              ne31, ne32, ne33,
-              nb31, nb32, nb33);
-    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
-#endif // FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
-}
-
-template <int cols_per_block, bool use_logit_softcap>
-void launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
-    switch (Q->ne[0]) {
-        case  64: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 64;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f32<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        case 128: {
-            constexpr int    D             = 128;
-            constexpr int    nwarps        = 8;
-            constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
-            fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile_ext_f32<D, cols_per_block, nwarps, use_logit_softcap>;
-            launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
-                (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, FATTN_KQ_STRIDE_TILE_F32, true, true, false);
-        } break;
-        default: {
-            GGML_ABORT("FlashAttention without tensor cores only supports head sizes 64 and 128.");
-        } break;
-    }
-}
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f32(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
-    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
-    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
-
-    float logit_softcap;
-    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
-
-    if (Q->ne[1] <= 16) {
-        constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
-        if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        } else {
-            constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-            launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-        }
-        return;
-    }
-
-    constexpr int cols_per_block = 32;
-    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    } else {
-        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
-        launch_fattn_tile_f32_64_128<cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
-    }
-}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile-f32.cuh

@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-#include "common.cuh"
-
-void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f32(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cu

@@ -0,0 +1,596 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+#include "fattn-common.cuh"
+#include "fattn-tile.cuh"
+
+#define FATTN_TILE_NTHREADS 256
+
+static int fattn_tile_get_kq_stride_host(const int D, const int ncols, const int cc, const int warp_size) {
+    if (GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_AMD(cc)) {
+        switch (D) {
+            case 64:
+                return ncols <= 16 ? 32 : 64;
+            case 128:
+                return ncols <= 16 ? 64 : warp_size;
+            case 256:
+                return 64;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    if (fast_fp16_available(cc)) {
+        switch (D) {
+            case 64:
+            case 128:
+                return 128;
+            case 256:
+                return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
+            default:
+                GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+                return -1;
+        }
+    }
+    switch (D) {
+        case 64:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
+        case 128:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 64 : 32;
+        case 256:
+            return 32;
+        default:
+            GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
+            return -1;
+    }
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int fattn_tile_get_kq_stride_device(int D, int ncols, int warp_size) {
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+    switch (D) {
+        case 64:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 32 : 64;
+        case 128:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 64 : warp_size;
+        case 256:
+            return 64;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+#else
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    switch (D) {
+        case 64:
+        case 128:
+            return 128;
+        case 256:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+#else
+    switch (D) {
+        case 64:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
+        case 128:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 64 : 32;
+        case 256:
+            return 32;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(ncols, warp_size);
+}
+
+static constexpr __device__ int fattn_tile_get_kq_nbatch_device(int D, int ncols, int warp_size) {
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+    switch (D) {
+        case 64:
+            return 64;
+        case 128:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 2*warp_size : 128;
+        case 256:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 2*warp_size;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+#else
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    switch (D) {
+        case 64:
+            return 64;
+        case 128:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
+        case 256:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 64 : 128;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+#else
+    switch (D) {
+        case 64:
+            return 64;
+        case 128:
+            return 128;
+        case 256:
+            return ncols <= 16 ? 128 : 64;
+        default:
+            return -1;
+    }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(ncols, warp_size);
+}
+
+template<int D, int ncols, bool use_logit_softcap> // D == head size
+#ifdef GGML_USE_HIP
+__launch_bounds__(FATTN_TILE_NTHREADS, 1)
+#else
+__launch_bounds__(FATTN_TILE_NTHREADS, 2)
+#endif // GGML_USE_HIP
+static __global__ void flash_attn_tile(
+        const char * __restrict__ Q,
+        const char * __restrict__ K,
+        const char * __restrict__ V,
+        const char * __restrict__ mask,
+        const char * __restrict__ sinks,
+        const int  * __restrict__ KV_max,
+        float      * __restrict__ dst,
+        float2     * __restrict__ dst_meta,
+        const float scale,
+        const float max_bias,
+        const float m0,
+        const float m1,
+        const uint32_t n_head_log2,
+        const float logit_softcap,
+        const int32_t ne00, const int32_t ne01, const int32_t ne02, const int32_t ne03,
+                            const int32_t nb01, const int32_t nb02, const int32_t nb03,
+        const int32_t ne10, const int32_t ne11, const int32_t ne12, const int32_t ne13,
+                            const int32_t nb11, const int32_t nb12, const int64_t nb13,
+                            const int32_t nb21, const int32_t nb22, const int64_t nb23,
+                            const int32_t ne31, const int32_t ne32, const int32_t ne33,
+                            const int32_t nb31, const int32_t nb32, const int64_t nb33) {
+#ifdef FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+
+    // Skip unused kernel variants for faster compilation:
+#ifdef FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+    return;
+#endif // FP16_MMA_AVAILABLE
+
+    if (use_logit_softcap && !(D == 128 || D == 256)) {
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+            max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+            ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+                  nb01, nb02, nb03,
+            ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+                  nb11, nb12, nb13,
+                  nb21, nb22, nb23,
+                  ne31, ne32, ne33,
+                  nb31, nb32, nb33);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+        return;
+    }
+
+    constexpr int warp_size = 32;
+    constexpr int nwarps    = FATTN_TILE_NTHREADS / warp_size;
+    constexpr int kq_stride = fattn_tile_get_kq_stride_device(D, ncols, warp_size);
+    static_assert(kq_stride % warp_size == 0, "kq_stride not divisable by warp_size.");
+    constexpr int kq_nbatch = fattn_tile_get_kq_nbatch_device(D, ncols, warp_size);
+    static_assert(kq_nbatch % (2*warp_size) == 0, "bad kq_nbatch");
+
+    // In this kernel Q, K, V are matrices while i, j, k are matrix indices.
+
+    const int ic0 = blockIdx.x * ncols; // Index of the Q/QKV column to work on.
+
+    const int sequence = blockIdx.z / ne02;
+    const int head = blockIdx.z - sequence*ne02;
+    const int gqa_ratio = ne02 / ne12; // With grouped query attention there are > 1 Q matrices per K, V matrix.
+    const float2 * Q_f2   = (const float2 *) (Q    + nb03* sequence         + nb02* head              + nb01*ic0);
+    const half2  * K_h2   = (const half2  *) (K    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio));
+    const half2  * V_h2   = (const half2  *) (V    + nb13* sequence         + nb12*(head / gqa_ratio)); // K and V have same shape
+    const half   * maskh  = (const half   *) (mask  + nb33*(sequence % ne33)                          + nb31*ic0);
+    const float  * sinksf = (const float  *) (sinks);
+
+    const int stride_KV2 = nb11 / sizeof(half2);
+
+    const float slope = get_alibi_slope(max_bias, head, n_head_log2, m0, m1);
+
+    __shared__ float KQ[ncols][kq_stride];
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+    __shared__ half2 Q_tmp[ncols][D/2];
+    __shared__ half2 KV_tmp_h2[kq_stride * (kq_nbatch/2 + 1)]; // Padded to avoid memory bank conflicts.
+    half2 VKQ[ncols/nwarps][D/(2*warp_size)] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
+#else
+    __shared__ float Q_tmp[ncols][D];
+    __shared__ float KV_tmp_f[kq_stride * (kq_nbatch + 1)]; // Padded to avoid memory bank conflicts.
+    float2 * KV_tmp_f2 = (float2 *) KV_tmp_f;
+    float2 VKQ[ncols/nwarps][D/(2*warp_size)] = {{{0.0f, 0.0f}}};
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+
+    float kqmax[ncols/nwarps];
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+        kqmax[j0/nwarps] = -FLT_MAX/2.0f;
+    }
+    float kqsum[ncols/nwarps] = {0.0f};
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+        const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+            const float2 tmp = ic0 + j < ne01 ? Q_f2[j*(nb01/sizeof(float2)) + i0 + threadIdx.x] : make_float2(0.0f, 0.0f);
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            Q_tmp[j][i0 + threadIdx.x] = make_half2(tmp.x * scale, tmp.y * scale);
+#else
+            Q_tmp[j][2*i0             + threadIdx.x] = tmp.x * scale;
+            Q_tmp[j][2*i0 + warp_size + threadIdx.x] = tmp.y * scale;
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+    }
+
+    __syncthreads();
+
+    const int k_VKQ_max = KV_max ? KV_max[sequence*gridDim.x + blockIdx.x] : ne11;
+    for (int k_VKQ_0 = blockIdx.y*kq_stride; k_VKQ_0 < k_VKQ_max; k_VKQ_0 += gridDim.y*kq_stride) {
+        // Calculate KQ tile and keep track of new maximum KQ values:
+
+        float kqmax_new[ncols/nwarps];
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < ncols/nwarps; ++j) {
+            kqmax_new[j] = kqmax[j];
+        }
+
+        float sum[kq_stride/warp_size][ncols/nwarps] = {{0.0f}};
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k_KQ_0 = 0; k_KQ_0 < D; k_KQ_0 += kq_nbatch) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < kq_stride; i_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
+                const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < kq_nbatch/2; k_KQ_1 += warp_size) {
+                    const half2 tmp_h2 = K_h2[int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ)*stride_KV2 + k_KQ_0/2 + k_KQ_1 + threadIdx.x];
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    KV_tmp_h2[i_KQ*(kq_nbatch/2 + 1) + k_KQ_1 + threadIdx.x] = tmp_h2;
+#else
+                    const float2 tmp_f2 = __half22float2(tmp_h2);
+                    KV_tmp_f[i_KQ*(kq_nbatch + 1) + 2*k_KQ_1             + threadIdx.x] = tmp_f2.x;
+                    KV_tmp_f[i_KQ*(kq_nbatch + 1) + 2*k_KQ_1 + warp_size + threadIdx.x] = tmp_f2.y;
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                }
+            }
+
+            __syncthreads();
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < kq_nbatch/2; ++k_KQ_1) {
+                half2 K_k[kq_stride/warp_size];
+                half2 Q_k[ncols/nwarps];
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k_KQ_1 = 0; k_KQ_1 < kq_nbatch; ++k_KQ_1) {
+                float K_k[kq_stride/warp_size];
+                float Q_k[ncols/nwarps];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < kq_stride; i_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
+                    const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    K_k[i_KQ_0/warp_size] = KV_tmp_h2[i_KQ*(kq_nbatch/2 + 1) + k_KQ_1];
+#else
+                    K_k[i_KQ_0/warp_size] = KV_tmp_f [i_KQ*(kq_nbatch   + 1) + k_KQ_1];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                }
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
+                    const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = Q_tmp[j_KQ][k_KQ_0/2 + k_KQ_1];
+#else
+                    Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = Q_tmp[j_KQ][k_KQ_0   + k_KQ_1];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                }
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < kq_stride; i_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                        const float2 tmp = __half22float2(K_k[i_KQ_0/warp_size] * Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
+                        sum[i_KQ_0/warp_size][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += tmp.x + tmp.y;
+#else
+                        sum[i_KQ_0/warp_size][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += K_k[i_KQ_0/warp_size] * Q_k[j_KQ_0/nwarps];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            if (k_KQ_0 + kq_nbatch < D) {
+                __syncthreads(); // Sync not needed on last iteration.
+            }
+        }
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i_KQ_0 = 0; i_KQ_0 < kq_stride; i_KQ_0 += warp_size) {
+            const int i_KQ = i_KQ_0 + threadIdx.x;
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int j_KQ_0 = 0; j_KQ_0 < ncols; j_KQ_0 += nwarps) {
+                const int j_KQ = j_KQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+                if (use_logit_softcap) {
+                    sum[i_KQ_0/warp_size][j_KQ_0/nwarps] = logit_softcap * tanhf(sum[i_KQ_0/warp_size][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
+                }
+
+                sum[i_KQ_0/warp_size][j_KQ_0/nwarps] += mask ? slope*__half2float(maskh[j_KQ*ne11 + k_VKQ_0 + i_KQ]) : 0.0f;
+
+                kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps] = fmaxf(kqmax_new[j_KQ_0/nwarps], sum[i_KQ_0/warp_size][j_KQ_0/nwarps]);
+
+                KQ[j_KQ][i_KQ] = sum[i_KQ_0/warp_size][j_KQ_0/nwarps];
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+            const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+            kqmax_new[j0/nwarps] = warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
+            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new[j0/nwarps]);
+            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new[j0/nwarps];
+
+            float kqsum_add = 0.0f;
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < kq_stride; i0 += warp_size) {
+                const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
+
+                const float diff = KQ[j][i] - kqmax[j0/nwarps];
+                const float val = expf(diff);
+                kqsum_add += val;
+                KQ[j][i] = val;
+            }
+            kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps]*KQ_max_scale + kqsum_add;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size].x *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size].y *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+
+        constexpr int V_cols_per_iter = kq_stride*kq_nbatch / D;
+        static_assert(kq_stride % V_cols_per_iter == 0, "bad V_cols_per_iter");
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int k0 = 0; k0 < kq_stride; k0 += V_cols_per_iter) {
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k1 = 0; k1 < V_cols_per_iter; k1 += nwarps) {
+                const int k_tile = k1 + threadIdx.y;
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
+
+                    const half2 tmp = V_h2[int64_t(k_VKQ_0 + k0 + k_tile)*stride_KV2 + i];
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    KV_tmp_h2[k_tile*(D/2) + i] = tmp;
+#else
+                    KV_tmp_f2[k_tile*(D/2) + i] = __half22float2(tmp);
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                }
+            }
+
+            __syncthreads();
+
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int k1 = 0; k1 < V_cols_per_iter; ++k1) {
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                half2 V_k[(D/2)/warp_size];
+                half2 KQ_k[ncols/nwarps];
+#else
+                float2 V_k[(D/2)/warp_size];
+                float  KQ_k[ncols/nwarps];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                    const int i = i0 + threadIdx.x;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    V_k[i0/warp_size] = KV_tmp_h2[k1*(D/2) + i];
+#else
+                    V_k[i0/warp_size] = KV_tmp_f2[k1*(D/2) + i];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                }
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+                    const int j = j0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    const float tmp = KQ[j][k0 + k1];
+                    KQ_k[j0/nwarps] = make_half2(tmp, tmp);
+#else
+                    KQ_k[j0/nwarps] = KQ[j][k0 + k1];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                }
+
+#pragma unroll
+                for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+#pragma unroll
+                    for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                        VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size]   += V_k[i0/warp_size]  *KQ_k[j0/nwarps];
+#else
+                        VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size].x += V_k[i0/warp_size].x*KQ_k[j0/nwarps];
+                        VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size].y += V_k[i0/warp_size].y*KQ_k[j0/nwarps];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            __syncthreads();
+        }
+    }
+
+
+    // Attention sink: adjust running max and sum once per head
+    if (sinksf && blockIdx.y == 0) {
+        const float sink = sinksf[head];
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j0 = 0; j0 < ncols; j0 += nwarps) {
+            float kqmax_new_j = fmaxf(kqmax[j0/nwarps], sink);
+            kqmax_new_j = warp_reduce_max<warp_size>(kqmax_new_j);
+
+            const float KQ_max_scale = expf(kqmax[j0/nwarps] - kqmax_new_j);
+            kqmax[j0/nwarps] = kqmax_new_j;
+
+            const float val = expf(sink - kqmax[j0/nwarps]);
+            kqsum[j0/nwarps] = kqsum[j0/nwarps] * KQ_max_scale;
+            if (threadIdx.x == 0) {
+                kqsum[j0/nwarps] += val;
+            }
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            const half2 KQ_max_scale_h2 = make_half2(KQ_max_scale, KQ_max_scale);
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size] *= KQ_max_scale_h2;
+            }
+#else
+#pragma unroll
+            for (int i0 = 0; i0 < D/2; i0 += warp_size) {
+                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size].x *= KQ_max_scale;
+                VKQ[j0/nwarps][i0/warp_size].y *= KQ_max_scale;
+            }
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+        }
+    }
+
+    float2 * dst2 = (float2 *) dst;
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int j_VKQ_0 = 0; j_VKQ_0 < ncols; j_VKQ_0 += nwarps) {
+        const int j_VKQ = j_VKQ_0 + threadIdx.y;
+
+        if (ic0 + j_VKQ >= ne01) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        float kqsum_j = kqsum[j_VKQ_0/nwarps];
+        kqsum_j = warp_reduce_sum<warp_size>(kqsum_j);
+
+        const int j_dst_unrolled = ((sequence*ne01 + ic0 + j_VKQ)*ne02 + head)*gridDim.y + blockIdx.y;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int i00 = 0; i00 < D/2; i00 += warp_size) {
+            const int i0 = i00 + threadIdx.x;
+
+#ifdef FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+            float2 dst_val = __half22float2(VKQ[j_VKQ_0/nwarps][i0/warp_size]);
+#else
+            float2 dst_val = VKQ[j_VKQ_0/nwarps][i0/warp_size];
+#endif // FAST_FP16_AVAILABLE
+
+            if (gridDim.y == 1) {
+                dst_val.x /= kqsum_j;
+                dst_val.y /= kqsum_j;
+            }
+            dst2[j_dst_unrolled*(D/2) + i0] = dst_val;
+        }
+
+        if (gridDim.y != 1 && threadIdx.x == 0) {
+            dst_meta[j_dst_unrolled] = make_float2(kqmax[j_VKQ_0/nwarps], kqsum_j);
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED_VARS(Q, K, V, mask, sinks, KV_max, dst, dst_meta, scale,
+        max_bias, m0, m1, n_head_log2, logit_softcap,
+        ne00, ne01, ne02, ne03,
+              nb01, nb02, nb03,
+        ne10, ne11, ne12, ne13,
+              nb11, nb12, nb13,
+              nb21, nb22, nb23,
+              ne31, ne32, ne33,
+              nb31, nb32, nb33);
+    NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#endif // FLASH_ATTN_AVAILABLE
+}
+
+template <int D, bool use_logit_softcap>
+static void launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
+
+    const int id                 = ggml_cuda_get_device();
+    const int cc                 = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
+    const int warp_size          = 32;
+    const int nwarps             = FATTN_TILE_NTHREADS / warp_size;
+
+    constexpr size_t nbytes_shared = 0;
+
+    if (Q->ne[1] > 16) {
+        constexpr int cols_per_block = 32;
+        fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<D, cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>;
+        const int kq_stride = fattn_tile_get_kq_stride_host(D, cols_per_block, cc, warp_size);
+        launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
+            (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, kq_stride, true, true, false, warp_size);
+        return;
+    }
+
+    constexpr int cols_per_block = 16;
+    fattn_kernel_t fattn_kernel = flash_attn_tile<D, cols_per_block, use_logit_softcap>;
+    const int kq_stride = fattn_tile_get_kq_stride_host(D, cols_per_block, cc, warp_size);
+    launch_fattn<D, cols_per_block, 1>
+        (ctx, dst, fattn_kernel, nwarps, nbytes_shared, kq_stride, true, true, false, warp_size);
+}
+
+template <bool use_logit_softcap>
+static void launch_fattn_tile_switch_head_size(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * Q = dst->src[0];
+    switch (Q->ne[0]) {
+        case  64: {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols< 64, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 128: {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols<128, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        case 256: {
+            launch_fattn_tile_switch_ncols<256, use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
+        default: {
+            GGML_ABORT("Unsupported head size");
+        } break;
+    }
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * KQV = dst;
+
+    float logit_softcap;
+    memcpy(&logit_softcap, (const float *) KQV->op_params + 2, sizeof(float));
+
+    if (logit_softcap == 0.0f) {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = false;
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_head_size<use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    } else {
+        constexpr bool use_logit_softcap = true;
+        launch_fattn_tile_switch_head_size<use_logit_softcap>(ctx, dst);
+    }
+}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cuh

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+#include "common.cuh"
+
+void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu

@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
 #include "common.cuh"
 #include "fattn-common.cuh"
 #include "fattn-mma-f16.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f16.cuh"
-#include "fattn-tile-f32.cuh"
+#include "fattn-tile.cuh"
 #include "fattn-vec-f16.cuh"
 #include "fattn-vec-f32.cuh"
 #include "fattn-wmma-f16.cuh"
@@ -271,8 +270,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, gg
 // Best FlashAttention kernel for a specific GPU:
 enum best_fattn_kernel {
     BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE     =   0,
-    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE_F32 = 200,
-    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE_F16 = 210,
+    BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE     = 200,
     BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC_F32  = 100,
     BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC_F16  = 110,
     BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_WMMA_F16 = 300,
@@ -411,10 +409,7 @@ static best_fattn_kernel ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(const int device, const
     }
 
     // If there is no suitable kernel for tensor cores or small batch sizes, use the generic kernel for large batch sizes:
-    if (prec == GGML_PREC_DEFAULT && fast_fp16_available(cc)) {
-        return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE_F16;
-    }
-    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE_F32;
+    return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE;
 }
 
 void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
@@ -422,11 +417,8 @@ void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst
     switch (ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(ggml_cuda_get_device(), dst)) {
         case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_NONE:
             GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
-        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE_F32:
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f32(ctx, dst);
-            break;
-        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE_F16:
-            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_f16(ctx, dst);
+        case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_TILE:
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ctx, dst);
             break;
         case BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC_F32:
             ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_vec_f32(ctx, dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/getrows.cu

@@ -6,64 +6,66 @@ template<int qk, int qr, dequantize_kernel_t dequantize_kernel, typename dst_t>
 static __global__ void k_get_rows(
         const void * __restrict__ src0, const int32_t * __restrict__ src1, dst_t * __restrict__ dst,
         const int64_t ne00, /*const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,*/
-        /*const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11,*/ const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
+        /*const int64_t ne10,*/ const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
         /*const size_t s0,*/ const size_t s1, const size_t s2, const size_t s3,
         /*const size_t nb00,*/ const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
         const size_t s10, const size_t s11, const size_t s12/*, const size_t s13*/) {
 
-    // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
-    const int i00 = (blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x)*2;
-    const int i10 =  blockIdx.x;
-    const int i11 =  blockIdx.z / ne12;
-    const int i12 =  blockIdx.z % ne12;
+    for (int64_t z = blockIdx.z; z < ne11*ne12; z += gridDim.z) {
+        for (int64_t i00 = 2*(blockIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x); i00 < ne00; i00 += gridDim.y*blockDim.x) {
+            // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
+            const int i10 =  blockIdx.x;
+            const int i11 =  z / ne12; // TODO fastdiv
+            const int i12 =  z % ne12;
 
-    if (i00 >= ne00) {
-        return;
+            const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
+
+            dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
+            const void * src0_row = (const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03;
+
+            const int ib   =  i00/qk;      // block index
+            const int iqs  = (i00%qk)/qr;  // quant index
+            const int iybs = i00 - i00%qk; // dst block start index
+            const int y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
+
+            // dequantize
+            float2 v;
+            dequantize_kernel(src0_row, ib, iqs, v);
+
+            dst_row[iybs + iqs + 0]        = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.x);
+            dst_row[iybs + iqs + y_offset] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.y);
+        }
     }
-
-    const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
-
-    dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
-    const void * src0_row = (const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03;
-
-    const int ib   =  i00/qk;      // block index
-    const int iqs  = (i00%qk)/qr;  // quant index
-    const int iybs = i00 - i00%qk; // dst block start index
-    const int y_offset = qr == 1 ? 1 : qk/2;
-
-    // dequantize
-    float2 v;
-    dequantize_kernel(src0_row, ib, iqs, v);
-
-    dst_row[iybs + iqs + 0]        = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.x);
-    dst_row[iybs + iqs + y_offset] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(v.y);
 }
 
 template<typename src0_t, typename dst_t>
 static __global__ void k_get_rows_float(
         const src0_t * __restrict__ src0, const int32_t * __restrict__ src1, dst_t * __restrict__ dst,
         const int64_t ne00, /*const int64_t ne01, const int64_t ne02, const int64_t ne03,*/
-        /*const int64_t ne10, const int64_t ne11,*/ const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
+        /*const int64_t ne10,*/ const int64_t ne11, const int64_t ne12, /*const int64_t ne13,*/
         /*const size_t s0,*/ const size_t s1, const size_t s2, const size_t s3,
         /*const size_t nb00,*/ const size_t nb01, const size_t nb02, const size_t nb03,
         const size_t s10, const size_t s11, const size_t s12/*, const size_t s13*/) {
 
-    // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
-    const int i00 = blockIdx.y * blockDim.x + threadIdx.x;
-    const int i10 = blockIdx.x;
-    const int i11 = blockIdx.z / ne12;
-    const int i12 = blockIdx.z % ne12;
+    for (int64_t z = blockIdx.z; z < ne11*ne12; z += gridDim.z) {
+        for (int64_t i00 = blockIdx.y*blockDim.x + threadIdx.x; i00 < ne00; i00 += gridDim.y*blockDim.x) {
+            // The x and y dimensions of the grid are swapped because the maximum allowed grid size for x is higher.
+            const int i10 = blockIdx.x;
+            const int i11 = z / ne12; // TODO fastdiv
+            const int i12 = z % ne12;
 
-    if (i00 >= ne00) {
-        return;
+            if (i00 >= ne00) {
+                return;
+            }
+
+            const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
+
+            dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
+            const src0_t * src0_row = (const src0_t *)((const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03);
+
+            dst_row[i00] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(src0_row[i00]);
+        }
     }
-
-    const int i01 = src1[i10*s10 + i11*s11 + i12*s12];
-
-    dst_t * dst_row = dst + i10*s1 + i11*s2 + i12*s3;
-    const src0_t * src0_row = (const src0_t *)((const char *) src0 + i01*nb01 + i11*nb02 + i12*nb03);
-
-    dst_row[i00] = ggml_cuda_cast<dst_t>(src0_row[i00]);
 }
 
 template<typename grad_t, typename dst_t>
@@ -98,7 +100,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_q(
         cudaStream_t stream) {
     const dim3 block_dims(CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
     const int block_num_y = (ne00 + 2*CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / (2*CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE);
-    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, block_num_y, ne11*ne12);
+    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, MIN(block_num_y, UINT16_MAX), MIN(ne11*ne12, UINT16_MAX));
 
     // strides in elements
     // const size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
@@ -116,7 +118,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_q(
     k_get_rows<qk, qr, dq><<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
         src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
         ne00, /*ne01, ne02, ne03,*/
-        /*ne10, ne11,*/ ne12, /*ne13,*/
+        /*ne10,*/ ne11, ne12, /*ne13,*/
         /* s0,*/ s1, s2, s3,
         /* nb00,*/ nb01, nb02, nb03,
         s10, s11, s12/*, s13*/);
@@ -131,7 +133,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_float(
         cudaStream_t stream) {
     const dim3 block_dims(CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE, 1, 1);
     const int block_num_y = (ne00 + CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_GET_ROWS_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, block_num_y, ne11*ne12);
+    const dim3 block_nums(ne10, MIN(block_num_y, UINT16_MAX), MIN(ne11*ne12, UINT16_MAX));
 
     // strides in elements
     // const size_t s0 = nb0 / sizeof(dst_t);
@@ -147,7 +149,7 @@ static void get_rows_cuda_float(
     k_get_rows_float<<<block_nums, block_dims, 0, stream>>>(
         src0_d, src1_d, dst_d,
         ne00, /*ne01, ne02, ne03,*/
-        /*ne10, ne11,*/ ne12, /*ne13,*/
+        /*ne10,*/ ne11, ne12, /*ne13,*/
         /* s0,*/ s1, s2, s3,
         /* nb00,*/ nb01, nb02, nb03,
         s10, s11, s12/*, s13*/);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@
 #include "ggml-cuda/clamp.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/concat.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/conv-transpose-1d.cuh"
+#include "ggml-cuda/conv2d.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/conv2d-dw.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/conv2d-transpose.cuh"
 #include "ggml-cuda/convert.cuh"
@@ -204,6 +205,8 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS: no\n", __func__);
 #endif // GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS
     GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: found %d " GGML_CUDA_NAME " devices:\n", __func__, info.device_count);
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<int, std::string>> turing_devices_without_mma;
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
         int device_vmm = 0;
 
@@ -261,7 +264,25 @@ static ggml_cuda_device_info ggml_cuda_init() {
         info.devices[id].cc = 100*prop.major + 10*prop.minor;
         GGML_LOG_INFO("  Device %d: %s, compute capability %d.%d, VMM: %s\n",
                         id, prop.name, prop.major, prop.minor, device_vmm ? "yes" : "no");
-#endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+        std::string device_name(prop.name);
+        if (device_name == "NVIDIA GeForce MX450") {
+            turing_devices_without_mma.push_back({ id, device_name });
+        } else if (device_name == "NVIDIA GeForce MX550") {
+            turing_devices_without_mma.push_back({ id, device_name });
+        } else if (device_name.substr(0, 21) == "NVIDIA GeForce GTX 16") {
+            turing_devices_without_mma.push_back({ id, device_name });
+        }
+#endif  // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
+    }
+
+    if (ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING && !turing_devices_without_mma.empty()) {
+        GGML_LOG_INFO("The following devices will have suboptimal performance due to a lack of tensor cores:\n");
+        for (size_t device_pos = 0; device_pos < turing_devices_without_mma.size(); device_pos++) {
+            GGML_LOG_INFO(
+                "  Device %d: %s\n", turing_devices_without_mma[device_pos].first, turing_devices_without_mma[device_pos].second.c_str());
+        }
+        GGML_LOG_INFO(
+            "Consider compiling with CMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES=61-virtual;80-virtual and DGGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ to force the use of the Pascal code for Turing.\n");
     }
 
     for (int id = 0; id < info.device_count; ++id) {
@@ -2431,6 +2452,12 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
             ggml_cuda_op_im2col(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+            ggml_cuda_op_im2col_3d(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
+            ggml_cuda_op_conv2d(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
             ggml_cuda_op_conv2d_dw(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -2797,9 +2824,14 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx,
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (ops.size() == 2 && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL) {
+    if ((ops.size() == 2 || ops.size() == 3) && ops.begin()[0] == GGML_OP_RMS_NORM && ops.begin()[1] == GGML_OP_MUL) {
         const ggml_tensor *rms_norm = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
         const ggml_tensor *mul      = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+1];
+        const ggml_tensor *add      = nullptr;
+
+        if (ops.size() == 3 && ops.begin()[2] == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+            add = cgraph->nodes[node_idx+2];
+        }
 
         GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
         GGML_ASSERT(rms_norm->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
@@ -2811,6 +2843,12 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx,
             return false;
         }
 
+        if (add && (add->src[0]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            add->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 ||
+            add->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) ) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         //if rms norm is the B operand, then we don't handle broadcast
         if (rms_norm == mul->src[1] && !ggml_are_same_shape(mul->src[0], rms_norm->src[1])) {
             return false;
@@ -2821,6 +2859,10 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx,
             return false;
         }
 
+        if (add && (!ggml_is_contiguous(add->src[0]) || !ggml_is_contiguous_rows(add->src[1]))) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
         return true;
     }
 
@@ -2867,7 +2909,46 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx
 
                 static bool disable_fusion = (getenv("GGML_CUDA_DISABLE_FUSION") != nullptr);
                 if (!disable_fusion) {
-                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL }, {})) {
+
+                    if (node->op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
+                        int n_fuse = 0;
+                        ggml_op ops[8];
+                        std::fill(ops, ops + 8, GGML_OP_ADD);
+
+                        for (; n_fuse <= 6; ++n_fuse){
+                            if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, i + n_fuse, ops + n_fuse, 2)) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse] != cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse + 1]->src[0]) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                            if (!ggml_are_same_layout(cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse]->src[1], cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse + 1]->src[1])) {
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
+
+                        n_fuse++;
+
+                        if (n_fuse > 1) {
+                            for (int j = 0; j < n_fuse - 1; ++j) {
+                                node->src[j + 2] = cgraph->nodes[i + j + 1]->src[1];
+                            }
+                            cgraph->nodes[i + n_fuse - 1]->data = node->data;
+                            ggml_cuda_op_fused_add(*cuda_ctx, node, n_fuse);
+                            i += n_fuse - 1;
+
+                            continue;
+                        }
+                    }
+
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL, GGML_OP_ADD}, {})) {
+                        ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused_add(*cuda_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1], cgraph->nodes[i+2]);
+                        i += 2;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_RMS_NORM, GGML_OP_MUL}, {})) {
                         ggml_cuda_op_rms_norm_fused(*cuda_ctx, node, cgraph->nodes[i+1]);
                         i++;
                         continue;
@@ -3054,6 +3135,7 @@ static const ggml_backend_i ggml_backend_cuda_interface = {
     /* .graph_compute           = */ ggml_backend_cuda_graph_compute,
     /* .event_record            = */ ggml_backend_cuda_event_record,
     /* .event_wait              = */ ggml_backend_cuda_event_wait,
+    /* .optimize_graph          = */ NULL,
 };
 
 static ggml_guid_t ggml_backend_cuda_guid() {
@@ -3086,7 +3168,7 @@ bool ggml_backend_cuda_register_host_buffer(void * buffer, size_t size) {
         return false;
     }
 
-#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11010 || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA)
+#if CUDART_VERSION >= 11010 || defined(GGML_USE_MUSA) || defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
     cudaError_t err = cudaHostRegister(buffer, size, cudaHostRegisterPortable | cudaHostRegisterReadOnly);
     if (err != cudaSuccess) {
         // clear the error
@@ -3380,6 +3462,12 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_IQ4_NL) {
                     return true;
                 }
+                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_I32) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+                if (src0_type == GGML_TYPE_I32 && src1_type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
+                    return true;
+                }
                 if (src0_type == src1_type && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]) && ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[1])) {
                     return true;
                 }
@@ -3481,19 +3569,21 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
             return op->src[0]->nb[0] == ggml_type_size(op->src[0]->type) && ggml_is_contiguous_2(op->src[0]);
         }
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
+        case GGML_OP_IM2COL_3D:
+        case GGML_OP_CONV_2D:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_2D_DW:
         case GGML_OP_CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D:
         case GGML_OP_POOL_2D:
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
-        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
-        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
         case GGML_OP_ARGSORT:
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
             return true;
+        case GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS:
+        case GGML_OP_MEAN:
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_PAD:
             return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
         case GGML_OP_UPSCALE:
-        case GGML_OP_PAD:
         case GGML_OP_PAD_REFLECT_1D:
         case GGML_OP_ARANGE:
         case GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING:

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cu

@@ -112,3 +112,132 @@ void ggml_cuda_op_im2col(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
         im2col_cuda_f32(src1_d, (float *) dst_d, IW, IH, OW, OH, KW, KH, IC, N, IC_IH_IW, IH_IW, s0, s1, p0, p1, d0, d1, stream);
     }
 }
+
+// [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+template <typename T>
+static  __global__ void im2col_3d_kernel(
+        const float * src, T * dst,
+        int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+        int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+        int64_t OH_OW, int64_t KD_KH_KW, int64_t ID_IH_IW, int64_t KH_KW, int64_t IH_IW, int64_t IC_ID_IH_IW,
+        int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW, int64_t OW_KD_KH_KW, int64_t OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, int64_t OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW,
+        int64_t OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, int64_t N_OD_OH, int64_t OD_OH,
+        int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2) {
+    const int64_t i = threadIdx.x + blockIdx.x * blockDim.x;
+    if (i >= IC_KD_KH_KW) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const int64_t iic = i / KD_KH_KW;
+    const int64_t ikd = (i - iic * KD_KH_KW) / KH_KW;
+    const int64_t ikh = (i - iic * KD_KH_KW - ikd * KH_KW) / KW;
+    const int64_t ikw = i % KW;
+
+    const int64_t  iow = blockIdx.y;
+    for (int64_t iz = blockIdx.z; iz < N_OD_OH; iz+=MAX_GRIDDIM_Z) {
+        const int64_t in  = iz / OD_OH;
+        const int64_t iod = (iz - in*OD_OH) / OH;
+        const int64_t ioh = iz % OH;
+
+        const int64_t iiw = iow * s0 + ikw * d0 - p0;
+        const int64_t iih = ioh * s1 + ikh * d1 - p1;
+        const int64_t iid = iod * s2 + ikd * d2 - p2;
+
+        const int64_t offset_dst = in*OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + iod*OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + ioh*OW_IC_KD_KH_KW + iow*IC_KD_KH_KW + iic*KD_KH_KW + ikd * KH_KW + ikh*KW + ikw;
+
+        if (iih < 0 || iih >= IH || iiw < 0 || iiw >= IW || iid < 0 || iid >= ID) {
+            dst[offset_dst] = 0.0f;
+        } else {
+            const int64_t offset_src = in*IC_ID_IH_IW + iic*ID_IH_IW + iid*IH_IW + iih*IW + iiw;
+            dst[offset_dst] = src[offset_src];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+// [N*IC, ID, IH, IW] => [N*OD, OH, OW, IC * KD * KH * KW]
+template <typename T>
+static void im2col_3d_cuda(const float * src, T* dst,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+    int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+    int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2, cudaStream_t stream) {
+    const int64_t OH_OW = OH*OW;
+    const int64_t KD_KH_KW = KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t ID_IH_IW = ID*IH*IW;
+    const int64_t KH_KW = KH*KW;
+    const int64_t IH_IW = IH*IW;
+    const int64_t IC_KD_KH_KW = IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t OW_KD_KH_KW = OW*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t N_OD_OH = N*OD*OH;
+    const int64_t OD_OH = OD*OH;
+    const int64_t IC_ID_IH_IW = IC*ID*IH*IW;
+    const int64_t OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OD*OH*OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OH*OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t OW_IC_KD_KH_KW = OW*IC*KD*KH*KW;
+    const int64_t num_blocks = (IC_KD_KH_KW + CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE;
+    dim3 block_nums(num_blocks, OW, MIN(N_OD_OH, MAX_GRIDDIM_Z));
+    im2col_3d_kernel<<<block_nums, MIN(IC_KD_KH_KW, CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE) , 0, stream>>>(src, dst, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW,
+                                                                                           OH_OW, KD_KH_KW, ID_IH_IW, KH_KW, IH_IW, IC_ID_IH_IW,
+                                                                                           IC_KD_KH_KW, OW_KD_KH_KW, OD_OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW,
+                                                                                           OH_OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, OW_IC_KD_KH_KW, N_OD_OH, OD_OH,
+                                                                                           s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2);
+}
+
+static void im2col_3d_cuda_f16(const float * src, half * dst,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+    int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+    int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    im2col_3d_cuda<half>(src, dst, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW, s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
+}
+
+static void im2col_3d_cuda_f32(const float * src, float * dst,
+    int64_t N, int64_t IC, int64_t ID, int64_t IH, int64_t IW, int64_t OC,
+    int64_t KD, int64_t KH, int64_t KW, int64_t OD, int64_t OH, int64_t OW,
+    int s0, int s1, int s2, int p0, int p1, int p2, int d0, int d1, int d2, cudaStream_t stream) {
+
+    im2col_3d_cuda<float>(src, dst, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW, s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
+}
+
+void ggml_cuda_op_im2col_3d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+    const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+    const float * src1_d = (const float *)src1->data;
+    float * dst_d = (float *)dst->data;
+    cudaStream_t stream = ctx.stream();
+
+    GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+    GGML_ASSERT( dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 || dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
+
+    GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+    const int32_t s0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[0];
+    const int32_t s1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[1];
+    const int32_t s2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[2];
+    const int32_t p0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[3];
+    const int32_t p1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[4];
+    const int32_t p2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[5];
+    const int32_t d0 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[6];
+    const int32_t d1 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[7];
+    const int32_t d2 = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[8];
+    const int32_t IC = ((const int32_t *)(dst->op_params))[9];
+
+    const int64_t N  = ne13 / IC;
+    const int64_t ID = ne12;
+    const int64_t IH = ne11;
+    const int64_t IW = ne10;
+
+    const int64_t OC = ne03 / IC;
+    const int64_t KD = ne02;
+    const int64_t KH = ne01;
+    const int64_t KW = ne00;
+
+    const int64_t OD = ne3 / N;
+    const int64_t OH = ne2;
+    const int64_t OW = ne1;
+
+    if(dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        im2col_3d_cuda_f16(src1_d, (half *) dst_d, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW, s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
+    } else {
+        im2col_3d_cuda_f32(src1_d, (float *) dst_d, N, IC, ID, IH, IW, OC, KD, KH, KW, OD, OH, OW, s0, s1, s2, p0, p1, p2, d0, d1, d2, stream);
+    }
+}

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/im2col.cuh

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 #define CUDA_IM2COL_BLOCK_SIZE 256
 
 void ggml_cuda_op_im2col(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_cuda_op_im2col_3d(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);