DGX Spark: UMA support (#17368)

* DGX Spark: UMA support

* Updates from PR feedback

* More PR feedback cleanup

* Update ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>

* Remove trailing whitespace

* Update ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>

.devops/cann.Dockerfile

@@ -3,7 +3,8 @@
 # ==============================================================================
 
 # Define the CANN base image for easier version updates later
-ARG CANN_BASE_IMAGE=quay.io/ascend/cann:8.1.rc1-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10
+ARG CHIP_TYPE=910b
+ARG CANN_BASE_IMAGE=quay.io/ascend/cann:8.3.rc1.alpha001-${CHIP_TYPE}-openeuler22.03-py3.11
 
 # ==============================================================================
 # BUILD STAGE
@@ -11,9 +12,6 @@ ARG CANN_BASE_IMAGE=quay.io/ascend/cann:8.1.rc1-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10
 # ==============================================================================
 FROM ${CANN_BASE_IMAGE} AS build
 
-# Define the Ascend chip model for compilation. Default is Ascend910B3
-ARG ASCEND_SOC_TYPE=Ascend910B3
-
 # -- Install build dependencies --
 RUN yum install -y gcc g++ cmake make git libcurl-devel python3 python3-pip && \
     yum clean all && \
@@ -36,20 +34,21 @@ ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/runtime/lib64/stub:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
 # For brevity, only core variables are listed here. You can paste the original ENV list here.
 
 # -- Build llama.cpp --
-# Use the passed ASCEND_SOC_TYPE argument and add general build options
+# Use the passed CHIP_TYPE argument and add general build options
+ARG CHIP_TYPE
 RUN source /usr/local/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/set_env.sh --force \
     && \
     cmake -B build \
         -DGGML_CANN=ON \
         -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-        -DSOC_TYPE=${ASCEND_SOC_TYPE} \
+        -DSOC_TYPE=ascend${CHIP_TYPE} \
         . && \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 # -- Organize build artifacts for copying in later stages --
 # Create a lib directory to store all .so files
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
-    find build -name "*.so" -exec cp {} /app/lib \;
+    find build -name "*.so*" -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
 
 # Create a full directory to store all executables and Python scripts
 RUN mkdir -p /app/full && \

.devops/cpu.Dockerfile

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ RUN if [ "$TARGETARCH" = "amd64" ] || [ "$TARGETARCH" = "arm64" ]; then \
     cmake --build build -j $(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
-    find build -name "*.so" -exec cp {} /app/lib \;
+    find build -name "*.so*" -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
     && cp build/bin/* /app/full \

.devops/cuda.Dockerfile

@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ RUN if [ "${CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH}" != "default" ]; then \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
-    find build -name "*.so" -exec cp {} /app/lib \;
+    find build -name "*.so*" -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
     && cp build/bin/* /app/full \

.devops/intel.Dockerfile

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ RUN if [ "${GGML_SYCL_F16}" = "ON" ]; then \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
-    find build -name "*.so" -exec cp {} /app/lib \;
+    find build -name "*.so*" -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
     && cp build/bin/* /app/full \

.devops/musa.Dockerfile

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ RUN if [ "${MUSA_DOCKER_ARCH}" != "default" ]; then \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
-    find build -name "*.so" -exec cp {} /app/lib \;
+    find build -name "*.so*" -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
     && cp build/bin/* /app/full \

.devops/nix/package.nix

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@
   rocmGpuTargets ? builtins.concatStringsSep ";" rocmPackages.clr.gpuTargets,
   enableCurl ? true,
   useVulkan ? false,
+  useRpc ? false,
   llamaVersion ? "0.0.0", # Arbitrary version, substituted by the flake
 
   # It's necessary to consistently use backendStdenv when building with CUDA support,
@@ -175,6 +176,7 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
       (cmakeBool "GGML_METAL" useMetalKit)
       (cmakeBool "GGML_VULKAN" useVulkan)
       (cmakeBool "GGML_STATIC" enableStatic)
+      (cmakeBool "GGML_RPC" useRpc)
     ]
     ++ optionals useCuda [
       (

.devops/rocm.Dockerfile

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ RUN HIPCXX="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" HIP_PATH="$(hipconfig -R)" \
     && cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib \
-    && find build -name "*.so" -exec cp {} /app/lib \;
+    && find build -name "*.so*" -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
     && cp build/bin/* /app/full \

.devops/s390x.Dockerfile

@@ -24,8 +24,9 @@ RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.ccache \
         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
         -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
-        -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=OFF \
         -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
+        -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON \
+        -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON \
         -DGGML_BLAS=ON \
         -DGGML_BLAS_VENDOR=OpenBLAS && \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc) && \
@@ -103,6 +104,7 @@ FROM base AS light
 WORKDIR /llama.cpp/bin
 
 # Copy llama.cpp binaries and libraries
+COPY --from=collector /llama.cpp/bin/*.so /llama.cpp/bin
 COPY --from=collector /llama.cpp/bin/llama-cli /llama.cpp/bin
 
 ENTRYPOINT [ "/llama.cpp/bin/llama-cli" ]
@@ -116,6 +118,7 @@ ENV LLAMA_ARG_HOST=0.0.0.0
 WORKDIR /llama.cpp/bin
 
 # Copy llama.cpp binaries and libraries
+COPY --from=collector /llama.cpp/bin/*.so /llama.cpp/bin
 COPY --from=collector /llama.cpp/bin/llama-server /llama.cpp/bin
 
 EXPOSE 8080

.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
+ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=25.10
 
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 
@@ -7,36 +7,20 @@ FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 # Install build tools
 RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget xz-utils
 
-# Install Vulkan SDK
-ARG VULKAN_VERSION=1.4.321.1
-RUN ARCH=$(uname -m) && \
-    wget -qO /tmp/vulkan-sdk.tar.xz https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${VULKAN_VERSION}/linux/vulkan-sdk-linux-${ARCH}-${VULKAN_VERSION}.tar.xz && \
-    mkdir -p /opt/vulkan && \
-    tar -xf /tmp/vulkan-sdk.tar.xz -C /tmp --strip-components=1 && \
-    mv /tmp/${ARCH}/* /opt/vulkan/ && \
-    rm -rf /tmp/*
-
 # Install cURL and Vulkan SDK dependencies
 RUN apt install -y libcurl4-openssl-dev curl \
-    libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-cursor-dev
-
-# Set environment variables
-ENV VULKAN_SDK=/opt/vulkan
-ENV PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/bin:$PATH
-ENV LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
-ENV CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK:$CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH
-ENV PKG_CONFIG_PATH=$VULKAN_SDK/lib/pkgconfig:$PKG_CONFIG_PATH
+    libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-cursor-dev libvulkan-dev glslc
 
 # Build it
 WORKDIR /app
 
 COPY . .
 
-RUN cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_VULKAN=1  -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON && \
+RUN cmake -B build -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_VULKAN=ON -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF -DGGML_BACKEND_DL=ON -DGGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS=ON && \
     cmake --build build --config Release -j$(nproc)
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
-    find build -name "*.so" -exec cp {} /app/lib \;
+    find build -name "*.so*" -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
 
 RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
     && cp build/bin/* /app/full \
@@ -50,7 +34,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS base
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl libvulkan-dev \
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl libvulkan1 mesa-vulkan-drivers \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \

.editorconfig

@@ -60,3 +60,11 @@ end_of_line = unset
 charset = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 insert_final_newline = unset
+
+[benches/**]
+indent_style = unset
+indent_size = unset
+end_of_line = unset
+charset = unset
+trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
+insert_final_newline = unset

.github/copilot-instructions.md

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ llama.cpp is a large-scale C/C++ project for efficient LLM (Large Language Model
 - **Size**: ~200k+ lines of code across 1000+ files
 - **Architecture**: Modular design with main library (`libllama`) and 40+ executable tools/examples
 - **Core dependency**: ggml tensor library (vendored in `ggml/` directory)
-- **Backends supported**: CPU (AVX/NEON optimized), CUDA, Metal, Vulkan, SYCL, ROCm, MUSA
+- **Backends supported**: CPU (AVX/NEON/RVV optimized), CUDA, Metal, Vulkan, SYCL, ROCm, MUSA
 - **License**: MIT
 
 ## Build Instructions

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ ggml:
     - changed-files:
         - any-glob-to-any-file:
             - ggml/**
+model:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - src/models/**
 nix:
     - changed-files:
         - any-glob-to-any-file:

.github/workflows/build-amd.yml

@@ -1,52 +0,0 @@
-name: CI (AMD)
-
-on:
-  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
-  push:
-    branches:
-      - master
-    paths: [
-      '.github/workflows/build-amd.yml',
-      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
-      '**/.cmake',
-      '**/*.h',
-      '**/*.hpp',
-      '**/*.c',
-      '**/*.cpp',
-      '**/*.cu',
-      '**/*.cuh',
-      '**/*.comp'
-    ]
-
-concurrency:
-  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
-  cancel-in-progress: true
-
-jobs:
-  ggml-ci-x64-amd-vulkan:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, X64, AMD]
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Test
-        id: ggml-ci
-        run: |
-          vulkaninfo --summary
-          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
-
-  ggml-ci-x64-amd-rocm:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, X64, AMD]
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v4
-
-      - name: Test
-        id: ggml-ci
-        run: |
-          amd-smi static
-          GG_BUILD_ROCM=1 GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS="gfx1101" bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp

.github/workflows/build-linux-cross.yml

@@ -4,49 +4,49 @@ on:
   workflow_call:
 
 jobs:
-  ubuntu-24-riscv64-cpu-cross:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+  # ubuntu-24-riscv64-cpu-cross:
+  #   runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
 
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
-      - name: Setup Riscv
-        run: |
-          sudo dpkg --add-architecture riscv64
+  #   steps:
+  #     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+  #     - name: Setup Riscv
+  #       run: |
+  #         sudo dpkg --add-architecture riscv64
 
-          # Add arch-specific repositories for non-amd64 architectures
-          cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/riscv64-ports.list
-          deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble main universe
-          deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-updates main universe
-          deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-security main universe
-          deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-backports main universe
-          EOF
+  #         # Add arch-specific repositories for non-amd64 architectures
+  #         cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/riscv64-ports.list
+  #         deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble main universe
+  #         deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-updates main universe
+  #         deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-security main universe
+  #         deb [arch=riscv64] http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-backports main universe
+  #         EOF
 
-          sudo apt-get update || true    ;# Prevent failure due to missing URLs.
+  #         sudo apt-get update || true    ;# Prevent failure due to missing URLs.
 
-          sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
-                  build-essential \
-                  gcc-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
-                  g++-14-riscv64-linux-gnu
+  #         sudo apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+  #                 build-essential \
+  #                 gcc-14-riscv64-linux-gnu \
+  #                 g++-14-riscv64-linux-gnu
 
-      - name: Build
-        run: |
-          cmake -B build -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
-                         -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-                         -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
-                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
-                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=ON \
-                         -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
-                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
-                         -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=riscv64 \
-                         -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 \
-                         -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14 \
-                         -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
-                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu \
-                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM=NEVER \
-                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY \
-                         -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=BOTH
+  #     - name: Build
+  #       run: |
+  #         cmake -B build -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+  #                        -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+  #                        -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+  #                        -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=ON \
+  #                        -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=Linux \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR=riscv64 \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14 \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE=ON \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH=/usr/lib/riscv64-linux-gnu \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM=NEVER \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY=ONLY \
+  #                        -DCMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE=BOTH
 
-          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+  #         cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
   # ubuntu-24-riscv64-vulkan-cross:
   #   runs-on: ubuntu-24.04

.github/workflows/build.yml

@@ -161,15 +161,16 @@ jobs:
       - name: Dawn Dependency
         id: dawn-depends
         run: |
-          DAWN_VERSION="v1.0.0"
+          DAWN_VERSION="v2.0.0"
           DAWN_OWNER="reeselevine"
           DAWN_REPO="dawn"
-          DAWN_ASSET_NAME="Dawn-a1a6b45cced25a3b7f4fb491e0ae70796cc7f22b-macos-latest-Release.tar.gz"
+          DAWN_ASSET_NAME="Dawn-5e9a4865b1635796ccc77dd30057f2b4002a1355-macos-latest-Release.zip"
           echo "Fetching release asset from https://github.com/${DAWN_OWNER}/${DAWN_REPO}/releases/download/${DAWN_VERSION}/${DAWN_ASSET_NAME}"
-          curl -L -o artifact.tar.gz \
+          curl -L -o artifact.zip \
             "https://github.com/${DAWN_OWNER}/${DAWN_REPO}/releases/download/${DAWN_VERSION}/${DAWN_ASSET_NAME}"
           mkdir dawn
-          tar -xvf artifact.tar.gz -C dawn --strip-components=1
+          unzip artifact.zip
+          tar -xvf Dawn-5e9a4865b1635796ccc77dd30057f2b4002a1355-macos-latest-Release.tar.gz -C dawn --strip-components=1
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -521,15 +522,16 @@ jobs:
         id: dawn-depends
         run: |
           sudo apt-get install -y libxrandr-dev libxinerama-dev libxcursor-dev mesa-common-dev libx11-xcb-dev libxi-dev
-          DAWN_VERSION="v1.0.0"
+          DAWN_VERSION="v2.0.0"
           DAWN_OWNER="reeselevine"
           DAWN_REPO="dawn"
-          DAWN_ASSET_NAME="Dawn-a1a6b45cced25a3b7f4fb491e0ae70796cc7f22b-ubuntu-latest-Release.tar.gz"
+          DAWN_ASSET_NAME="Dawn-5e9a4865b1635796ccc77dd30057f2b4002a1355-ubuntu-latest-Release.zip"
           echo "Fetching release asset from https://github.com/${DAWN_OWNER}/${DAWN_REPO}/releases/download/${DAWN_VERSION}/${DAWN_ASSET_NAME}"
-          curl -L -o artifact.tar.gz \
+          curl -L -o artifact.zip \
             "https://github.com/${DAWN_OWNER}/${DAWN_REPO}/releases/download/${DAWN_VERSION}/${DAWN_ASSET_NAME}"
           mkdir dawn
-          tar -xvf artifact.tar.gz -C dawn --strip-components=1
+          unzip artifact.zip
+          tar -xvf Dawn-5e9a4865b1635796ccc77dd30057f2b4002a1355-ubuntu-latest-Release.tar.gz -C dawn --strip-components=1
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -1388,14 +1390,10 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         arch: [x86, aarch64]
-        cann:
-          - '8.1.RC1.alpha001-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10'
-        device:
-          - 'ascend910b3'
-        build:
-          - 'Release'
+        chip_type: ['910b', '310p']
+        build: ['Release']
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'aarch64' && 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
-    container: ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.cann }}
+    container: ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.chip_type == '910b' &&  '8.3.rc1.alpha001-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.11' || '8.2.rc1-310p-openeuler22.03-py3.11' }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -1412,7 +1410,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake -S . -B build \
               -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build }} \
               -DGGML_CANN=on \
-              -DSOC_TYPE=${{ matrix.device }}
+              -DSOC_TYPE=ascend${{ matrix.chip_type }}
           cmake --build build -j $(nproc)
 
 # TODO: simplify the following workflows using a matrix
@@ -1597,6 +1595,34 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
 
+  ggml-ci-x64-amd-vulkan:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, X64, AMD]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          vulkaninfo --summary
+          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-x64-amd-rocm:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, X64, AMD]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          amd-smi static
+          GG_BUILD_ROCM=1 GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS="gfx1101" bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
   ggml-ci-mac-metal:
     runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
 
@@ -1649,3 +1675,50 @@ jobs:
          run: |
            GG_BUILD_KLEIDIAI=1 GG_BUILD_EXTRA_TESTS_0=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
 
+  ggml-ci-arm64-graviton4-kleidiai:
+     runs-on: ah-ubuntu_22_04-c8g_8x
+
+     steps:
+       - name: Clone
+         id: checkout
+         uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+       - name: Dependencies
+         id: depends
+         run: |
+           set -euxo pipefail
+           sudo apt-get update
+           sudo DEBIAN_FRONTEND=noninteractive NEEDRESTART_MODE=a \
+           apt-get install -y \
+            build-essential \
+            libcurl4-openssl-dev \
+            python3-venv \
+            gpg \
+            wget \
+            time \
+            git-lfs
+
+           git lfs install
+
+           # install the latest cmake
+           sudo install -d /usr/share/keyrings
+           wget -O - https://apt.kitware.com/keys/kitware-archive-latest.asc \
+            | gpg --dearmor \
+            | sudo tee /usr/share/keyrings/kitware-archive-keyring.gpg >/dev/null
+           echo 'deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/kitware-archive-keyring.gpg] https://apt.kitware.com/ubuntu/ jammy main' \
+            | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/kitware.list
+           sudo apt-get update
+           sudo apt-get install -y cmake
+
+       - name: ccache
+         uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+         with:
+           key: ggml-ci-arm64-graviton4-kleidiai
+           evict-old-files: 1d
+
+       - name: Test
+         id: ggml-ci
+         run: |
+           GG_BUILD_KLEIDIAI=1 \
+           GG_BUILD_EXTRA_TESTS_0=1 \
+           bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt

.github/workflows/check-vendor.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+name: Check vendor
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      'vendor/**',
+      'scripts/sync_vendor.py'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      'vendor/**',
+      'scripts/sync_vendor.py'
+    ]
+
+jobs:
+  check-vendor:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.x'
+
+      - name: Run vendor sync
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          python3 scripts/sync_vendor.py
+
+      - name: Check for changes
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+          # detect modified or untracked files
+          changed=$(git status --porcelain --untracked-files=all || true)
+          if [ -n "$changed" ]; then
+            echo "Vendor sync modified files:"
+            echo "$changed" | awk '{ print $2 }' | sed '/^$/d'
+            echo "Failing because vendor files mismatch. Please update scripts/sync_vendor.py"
+            exit 1
+          else
+            echo "Vendor files are up-to-date."
+          fi

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ jobs:
           # https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/11888
           #- { tag: "cpu", dockerfile: ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false }
           - { tag: "cpu",    dockerfile: ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile",    platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false, runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
-          - { tag: "cuda",   dockerfile: ".devops/cuda.Dockerfile",   platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false, runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
+          - { tag: "cuda",   dockerfile: ".devops/cuda.Dockerfile",   platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
           - { tag: "musa",   dockerfile: ".devops/musa.Dockerfile",   platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
           - { tag: "intel",  dockerfile: ".devops/intel.Dockerfile",  platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
           - { tag: "vulkan", dockerfile: ".devops/vulkan.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false, runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ jobs:
         include:
           - build: 'x64'
             os: ubuntu-22.04
-          - build: 's390x-z15' # z15 because our CI runners are on z15
-            os: ubuntu-22.04-s390x
+          - build: 's390x'
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-s390x
           # GGML_BACKEND_DL and GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS are not currently supported on arm
           # - build: 'arm64'
           #   os: ubuntu-22.04-arm
@@ -693,6 +693,51 @@ jobs:
           path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-xcframework.zip
           name: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-xcframework
 
+  openEuler-cann:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        arch: [x86, aarch64]
+        chip_type: ['910b', '310p']
+        build: ['Release']
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'aarch64' && 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
+    container: ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.chip_type == '910b' &&  '8.3.rc1.alpha001-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.11' || '8.2.rc1-310p-openeuler22.03-py3.11' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        run: |
+          yum update -y
+          yum install -y git gcc gcc-c++ make cmake libcurl-devel
+          git config --global --add safe.directory "$GITHUB_WORKSPACE"
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/lib64:${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/$(uname -m)-linux/devlib/:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
+
+          cmake -S . -B build \
+              -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build }} \
+              -DGGML_CANN=on \
+              -DSOC_TYPE=ascend${{ matrix.chip_type }}
+          cmake --build build -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Determine tag name
+        id: tag
+        uses: ./.github/actions/get-tag-name
+
+      - name: Pack artifacts
+        run: |
+          cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
+          zip -r llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-${{ matrix.chip_type }}-openEuler-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip ./build/bin/*
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+        with:
+          path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-${{ matrix.chip_type }}-openEuler-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
+          name: llama-bin-${{ matrix.chip_type }}-openEuler-${{ matrix.arch }}.zip
+
   release:
     if: ${{ ( github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' ) || github.event.inputs.create_release == 'true' }}
 
@@ -714,6 +759,7 @@ jobs:
       - macOS-arm64
       - macOS-x64
       - ios-xcode-build
+      - openEuler-cann
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone

.github/workflows/server.yml

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ jobs:
         working-directory: tools/server/webui
 
       - name: Run UI tests
-        run: npm run test:ui
+        run: npm run test:ui -- --testTimeout=60000
         working-directory: tools/server/webui
 
       - name: Run E2E tests

.gitignore

@@ -20,52 +20,40 @@
 *.so
 *.swp
 *.tmp
+*.DS_Store
 
 # IDE / OS
 
-.cache/
-.ccls-cache/
-.direnv/
-.DS_Store
-.envrc
-.idea/
-.swiftpm
-.vs/
-.vscode/
-nppBackup
+/.cache/
+/.ccls-cache/
+/.direnv/
+/.envrc
+/.idea/
+/.swiftpm
+/.vs/
+/.vscode/
+/nppBackup
 
 
 # Coverage
 
-gcovr-report/
-lcov-report/
+/gcovr-report/
+/lcov-report/
 
 # Build Artifacts
 
-tags
-.build/
-build*
-release
-debug
-!build-info.cmake
-!build-info.cpp.in
-!build-info.sh
-!build.zig
-!docs/build.md
+/tags
+/.build/
+/build*
+/release
+/debug
 /libllama.so
 /llama-*
 /vulkan-shaders-gen
-android-ndk-*
-arm_neon.h
-cmake-build-*
-CMakeSettings.json
-compile_commands.json
-ggml-metal-embed.metal
-llama-batched-swift
 /rpc-server
-out/
-tmp/
-autogen-*.md
+/out/
+/tmp/
+/autogen-*.md
 
 # Deprecated
 
@@ -74,44 +62,38 @@ autogen-*.md
 
 # CI
 
-!.github/workflows/*.yml
+!/.github/workflows/*.yml
 
 # Models
 
-models/*
-models-mnt
-!models/.editorconfig
-!models/ggml-vocab-*.gguf*
-!models/templates
+/models/*
+/models-mnt
+!/models/.editorconfig
+!/models/ggml-vocab-*.gguf*
+!/models/templates
 
 # Zig
-zig-out/
-zig-cache/
-
-# Logs
-
-ppl-*.txt
-qnt-*.txt
-perf-*.txt
+/zig-out/
+/zig-cache/
 
 # Examples
 
-examples/jeopardy/results.txt
-tools/server/*.css.hpp
-tools/server/*.html.hpp
-tools/server/*.js.hpp
-tools/server/*.mjs.hpp
-tools/server/*.gz.hpp
-!build_64.sh
-!examples/*.bat
-!examples/*/*.kts
-!examples/*/*/*.kts
-!examples/sycl/*.bat
-!examples/sycl/*.sh
+/examples/jeopardy/results.txt
+/tools/server/*.css.hpp
+/tools/server/*.html.hpp
+/tools/server/*.js.hpp
+/tools/server/*.mjs.hpp
+/tools/server/*.gz.hpp
+!/build_64.sh
+!/examples/*.bat
+!/examples/*/*.kts
+!/examples/*/*/*.kts
+!/examples/sycl/*.bat
+!/examples/sycl/*.sh
 
 # Server Web UI temporary files
-node_modules
-tools/server/webui/dist
+/tools/server/webui/node_modules
+/tools/server/webui/dist
 
 # Python
 
@@ -147,8 +129,8 @@ poetry.toml
 # Local scripts
 /run-vim.sh
 /run-chat.sh
-.ccache/
+/.ccache/
 
 # IDE
-*.code-workspace
-.windsurf/
+/*.code-workspace
+/.windsurf/

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -92,6 +92,7 @@ option(LLAMA_TOOLS_INSTALL  "llama: install tools"        ${LLAMA_TOOLS_INSTALL_
 
 # 3rd party libs
 option(LLAMA_CURL       "llama: use libcurl to download model from an URL" ON)
+option(LLAMA_HTTPLIB    "llama: if libcurl is disabled, use httplib to download model from an URL" ON)
 option(LLAMA_OPENSSL    "llama: use openssl to support HTTPS" OFF)
 option(LLAMA_LLGUIDANCE "llama-common: include LLGuidance library for structured output in common utils" OFF)
 
@@ -200,6 +201,9 @@ endif()
 
 if (LLAMA_BUILD_COMMON)
     add_subdirectory(common)
+    if (LLAMA_HTTPLIB)
+        add_subdirectory(vendor/cpp-httplib)
+    endif()
 endif()
 
 if (LLAMA_BUILD_COMMON AND LLAMA_BUILD_TESTS AND NOT CMAKE_JS_VERSION)

CODEOWNERS

@@ -65,7 +65,7 @@
 /ggml/src/ggml-impl.h                   @ggerganov @slaren
 /ggml/src/ggml-metal/                   @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/ggml-opencl/                  @lhez @max-krasnyansky
-/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/                 @max-krasnyansky
+/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/                 @max-krasnyansky @lhez
 /ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp                  @JohannesGaessler
 /ggml/src/ggml-quants.*                 @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/ggml-rpc/                     @rgerganov
@@ -89,6 +89,7 @@
 /src/llama-model-loader.*               @slaren
 /src/llama-model.*                      @CISC
 /src/llama-vocab.*                      @CISC
+/src/models/                            @CISC
 /tests/                                 @ggerganov
 /tests/test-backend-ops.cpp             @slaren
 /tests/test-thread-safety.cpp           @slaren

README.md

@@ -17,14 +17,13 @@ LLM inference in C/C++
 
 ## Hot topics
 
-- **[guide : running gpt-oss with llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15396)**
-- **[[FEEDBACK] Better packaging for llama.cpp to support downstream consumers 🤗](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15313)**
+- **[guide : using the new WebUI of llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/16938)**
+- [guide : running gpt-oss with llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15396)
+- [[FEEDBACK] Better packaging for llama.cpp to support downstream consumers 🤗](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15313)
 - Support for the `gpt-oss` model with native MXFP4 format has been added | [PR](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/15091) | [Collaboration with NVIDIA](https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/rtx-ai-garage-openai-oss) | [Comment](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15095)
-- Hot PRs: [All](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pulls?q=is%3Apr+label%3Ahot+) | [Open](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pulls?q=is%3Apr+label%3Ahot+is%3Aopen)
 - Multimodal support arrived in `llama-server`: [#12898](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/12898) | [documentation](./docs/multimodal.md)
 - VS Code extension for FIM completions: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.vscode
 - Vim/Neovim plugin for FIM completions: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.vim
-- Introducing GGUF-my-LoRA https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/10123
 - Hugging Face Inference Endpoints now support GGUF out of the box! https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/9669
 - Hugging Face GGUF editor: [discussion](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/9268) | [tool](https://huggingface.co/spaces/CISCai/gguf-editor)
 
@@ -62,6 +61,7 @@ range of hardware - locally and in the cloud.
 - Plain C/C++ implementation without any dependencies
 - Apple silicon is a first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
 - AVX, AVX2, AVX512 and AMX support for x86 architectures
+- RVV, ZVFH, ZFH and ZICBOP support for RISC-V architectures
 - 1.5-bit, 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit, and 8-bit integer quantization for faster inference and reduced memory use
 - Custom CUDA kernels for running LLMs on NVIDIA GPUs (support for AMD GPUs via HIP and Moore Threads GPUs via MUSA)
 - Vulkan and SYCL backend support

benches/dgx-spark/aime25_openai__gpt-oss-120b-high_temp1.0_20251109_094547.json

@@ -0,0 +1,6 @@
+{
+  "chars": 2296.1916666666666,
+  "chars:std": 986.051306946325,
+  "score": 0.925,
+  "score:std": 0.26339134382131846
+}

benches/dgx-spark/dgx-spark.md

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+## System info
+
+```bash
+uname --all
+Linux spark-17ed 6.11.0-1016-nvidia #16-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sun Sep 21 16:52:46 UTC 2025 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
+
+g++ --version
+g++ (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0
+
+nvidia-smi
+Sun Nov  2 10:43:25 2025
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| NVIDIA-SMI 580.95.05              Driver Version: 580.95.05      CUDA Version: 13.0     |
++-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
+| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
+|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
+|=========================================+========================+======================|
+|   0  NVIDIA GB10                    On  |   0000000F:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
+| N/A   35C    P8              4W /  N/A  | Not Supported          |      0%      Default |
+|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
++-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+```
+
+## ggml-org/gpt-oss-20b-GGUF
+
+Model: https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/gpt-oss-20b-GGUF
+
+- `llama-batched-bench`
+
+
+main: n_kv_max = 270336, n_batch = 2048, n_ubatch = 2048, flash_attn = 1, is_pp_shared = 0, n_gpu_layers = -1, n_threads = 20, n_threads_batch = 20
+
+|    PP |     TG |    B |   N_KV |   T_PP s | S_PP t/s |   T_TG s | S_TG t/s |      T s |    S t/s |
+|-------|--------|------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+|   512 |     32 |    1 |    544 |    0.374 |  1369.01 |    0.383 |    83.64 |    0.757 |   719.01 |
+|   512 |     32 |    2 |   1088 |    0.274 |  3741.35 |    0.659 |    97.14 |    0.933 |  1166.66 |
+|   512 |     32 |    4 |   2176 |    0.526 |  3896.47 |    0.817 |   156.73 |    1.342 |  1621.08 |
+|   512 |     32 |    8 |   4352 |    1.044 |  3925.10 |    0.987 |   259.44 |    2.030 |  2143.56 |
+|   512 |     32 |   16 |   8704 |    2.076 |  3945.84 |    1.248 |   410.32 |    3.324 |  2618.60 |
+|   512 |     32 |   32 |  17408 |    4.170 |  3929.28 |    1.630 |   628.40 |    5.799 |  3001.76 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    1 |   4128 |    1.083 |  3782.66 |    0.394 |    81.21 |    1.477 |  2795.13 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    2 |   8256 |    2.166 |  3782.72 |    0.725 |    88.28 |    2.891 |  2856.14 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    4 |  16512 |    4.333 |  3780.88 |    0.896 |   142.82 |    5.230 |  3157.38 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    8 |  33024 |    8.618 |  3802.14 |    1.155 |   221.69 |    9.773 |  3379.08 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   16 |  66048 |   17.330 |  3781.73 |    1.598 |   320.34 |   18.928 |  3489.45 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   32 | 132096 |   34.671 |  3780.48 |    2.336 |   438.35 |   37.007 |  3569.51 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    1 |   8224 |    2.233 |  3668.56 |    0.438 |    72.98 |    2.671 |  3078.44 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    2 |  16448 |    4.425 |  3702.95 |    0.756 |    84.66 |    5.181 |  3174.95 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    4 |  32896 |    8.859 |  3698.64 |    0.967 |   132.38 |    9.826 |  3347.72 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    8 |  65792 |   17.714 |  3699.57 |    1.277 |   200.52 |   18.991 |  3464.35 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   16 | 131584 |   35.494 |  3692.84 |    1.841 |   278.12 |   37.335 |  3524.46 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   32 | 263168 |   70.949 |  3694.82 |    2.798 |   365.99 |   73.747 |  3568.53 |
+
+
+- `llama-bench`
+
+| model                          |       size |     params | backend    | ngl | n_ubatch | fa | mmap |            test |                  t/s |
+| ------------------------------ | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | --: | -------: | -: | ---: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |          pp2048 |      3714.25 ± 20.36 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |            tg32 |         86.58 ± 0.43 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d4096 |      3445.17 ± 17.85 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d4096 |         81.72 ± 0.53 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d8192 |      3218.78 ± 11.34 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d8192 |         74.86 ± 0.64 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d16384 |       2732.83 ± 7.17 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d16384 |         71.57 ± 0.51 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d32768 |      2119.75 ± 12.81 |
+| gpt-oss 20B MXFP4 MoE          |  11.27 GiB |    20.91 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d32768 |         62.33 ± 0.24 |
+
+build: eeee367de (6989)
+
+## ggml-org/gpt-oss-120b-GGUF
+
+Model: https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/gpt-oss-120b-GGUF
+
+- `llama-batched-bench`
+
+
+main: n_kv_max = 270336, n_batch = 2048, n_ubatch = 2048, flash_attn = 1, is_pp_shared = 0, n_gpu_layers = -1, n_threads = 20, n_threads_batch = 20
+
+|    PP |     TG |    B |   N_KV |   T_PP s | S_PP t/s |   T_TG s | S_TG t/s |      T s |    S t/s |
+|-------|--------|------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+|   512 |     32 |    1 |    544 |    0.571 |   897.18 |    0.543 |    58.96 |    1.113 |   488.60 |
+|   512 |     32 |    2 |   1088 |    0.593 |  1725.37 |    1.041 |    61.45 |    1.635 |   665.48 |
+|   512 |     32 |    4 |   2176 |    1.043 |  1963.15 |    1.334 |    95.95 |    2.377 |   915.36 |
+|   512 |     32 |    8 |   4352 |    2.099 |  1951.63 |    1.717 |   149.07 |    3.816 |  1140.45 |
+|   512 |     32 |   16 |   8704 |    4.207 |  1947.12 |    2.311 |   221.56 |    6.518 |  1335.35 |
+|   512 |     32 |   32 |  17408 |    8.422 |  1945.36 |    3.298 |   310.46 |   11.720 |  1485.27 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    1 |   4128 |    2.138 |  1915.88 |    0.571 |    56.09 |    2.708 |  1524.12 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    2 |   8256 |    4.266 |  1920.25 |    1.137 |    56.27 |    5.404 |  1527.90 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    4 |  16512 |    8.564 |  1913.02 |    1.471 |    86.99 |   10.036 |  1645.29 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    8 |  33024 |   17.092 |  1917.19 |    1.979 |   129.33 |   19.071 |  1731.63 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   16 |  66048 |   34.211 |  1915.65 |    2.850 |   179.66 |   37.061 |  1782.15 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   32 | 132096 |   68.394 |  1916.44 |    4.381 |   233.72 |   72.775 |  1815.13 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    1 |   8224 |    4.349 |  1883.45 |    0.620 |    51.65 |    4.969 |  1655.04 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    2 |  16448 |    8.674 |  1888.83 |    1.178 |    54.33 |    9.852 |  1669.48 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    4 |  32896 |   17.351 |  1888.55 |    1.580 |    81.01 |   18.931 |  1737.68 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    8 |  65792 |   34.743 |  1886.31 |    2.173 |   117.80 |   36.916 |  1782.20 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   16 | 131584 |   69.413 |  1888.29 |    3.297 |   155.28 |   72.710 |  1809.70 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   32 | 263168 |  138.903 |  1887.24 |    5.004 |   204.63 |  143.907 |  1828.73 |
+
+
+- `llama-bench`
+
+| model                          |       size |     params | backend    | ngl | n_ubatch | fa | mmap |            test |                  t/s |
+| ------------------------------ | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | --: | -------: | -: | ---: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |          pp2048 |       1919.36 ± 5.01 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |            tg32 |         60.40 ± 0.30 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d4096 |       1825.30 ± 6.37 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d4096 |         56.94 ± 0.29 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d8192 |       1739.19 ± 6.00 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d8192 |         52.51 ± 0.42 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d16384 |       1536.75 ± 4.27 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d16384 |         49.33 ± 0.27 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d32768 |       1255.85 ± 3.26 |
+| gpt-oss 120B MXFP4 MoE         |  59.02 GiB |   116.83 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d32768 |         42.99 ± 0.18 |
+
+build: eeee367de (6989)
+
+## ggml-org/Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct-Q8_0-GGUF
+
+Model: https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/Qwen3-Coder-30B-A3B-Instruct-Q8_0-GGUF
+
+- `llama-batched-bench`
+
+
+main: n_kv_max = 270336, n_batch = 2048, n_ubatch = 2048, flash_attn = 1, is_pp_shared = 0, n_gpu_layers = -1, n_threads = 20, n_threads_batch = 20
+
+|    PP |     TG |    B |   N_KV |   T_PP s | S_PP t/s |   T_TG s | S_TG t/s |      T s |    S t/s |
+|-------|--------|------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+|   512 |     32 |    1 |    544 |    0.398 |  1285.90 |    0.530 |    60.41 |    0.928 |   586.27 |
+|   512 |     32 |    2 |   1088 |    0.386 |  2651.65 |    0.948 |    67.50 |    1.334 |   815.38 |
+|   512 |     32 |    4 |   2176 |    0.666 |  3076.37 |    1.209 |   105.87 |    1.875 |  1160.71 |
+|   512 |     32 |    8 |   4352 |    1.325 |  3091.39 |    1.610 |   158.98 |    2.935 |  1482.65 |
+|   512 |     32 |   16 |   8704 |    2.664 |  3075.58 |    2.150 |   238.19 |    4.813 |  1808.39 |
+|   512 |     32 |   32 |  17408 |    5.336 |  3070.31 |    2.904 |   352.59 |    8.240 |  2112.50 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    1 |   4128 |    1.444 |  2836.81 |    0.581 |    55.09 |    2.025 |  2038.81 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    2 |   8256 |    2.872 |  2852.14 |    1.084 |    59.06 |    3.956 |  2086.99 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    4 |  16512 |    5.744 |  2852.32 |    1.440 |    88.90 |    7.184 |  2298.47 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    8 |  33024 |   11.463 |  2858.68 |    2.068 |   123.78 |   13.531 |  2440.65 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   16 |  66048 |   22.915 |  2859.95 |    3.018 |   169.67 |   25.933 |  2546.90 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   32 | 132096 |   45.956 |  2852.10 |    4.609 |   222.18 |   50.565 |  2612.39 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    1 |   8224 |    3.063 |  2674.72 |    0.693 |    46.20 |    3.755 |  2189.92 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    2 |  16448 |    6.109 |  2681.87 |    1.214 |    52.71 |    7.323 |  2245.98 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    4 |  32896 |   12.197 |  2686.63 |    1.682 |    76.11 |   13.878 |  2370.30 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    8 |  65792 |   24.409 |  2684.94 |    2.556 |   100.17 |   26.965 |  2439.95 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   16 | 131584 |   48.753 |  2688.50 |    3.994 |   128.20 |   52.747 |  2494.64 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   32 | 263168 |   97.508 |  2688.42 |    6.528 |   156.86 |  104.037 |  2529.57 |
+
+
+- `llama-bench`
+
+| model                          |       size |     params | backend    | ngl | n_ubatch | fa | mmap |            test |                  t/s |
+| ------------------------------ | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | --: | -------: | -: | ---: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |          pp2048 |       2925.55 ± 4.25 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |            tg32 |         62.80 ± 0.27 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d4096 |       2531.01 ± 6.79 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d4096 |         55.86 ± 0.33 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d8192 |       2244.39 ± 5.33 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d8192 |         45.95 ± 0.33 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d16384 |       1783.17 ± 3.68 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d16384 |         39.07 ± 0.10 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d32768 |       1241.90 ± 3.13 |
+| qwen3moe 30B.A3B Q8_0          |  30.25 GiB |    30.53 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d32768 |         29.92 ± 0.06 |
+
+build: eeee367de (6989)
+
+## ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Q8_0-GGUF
+
+Model: https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/Qwen2.5-Coder-7B-Q8_0-GGUF
+
+- `llama-batched-bench`
+
+
+main: n_kv_max = 270336, n_batch = 2048, n_ubatch = 2048, flash_attn = 1, is_pp_shared = 0, n_gpu_layers = -1, n_threads = 20, n_threads_batch = 20
+
+|    PP |     TG |    B |   N_KV |   T_PP s | S_PP t/s |   T_TG s | S_TG t/s |      T s |    S t/s |
+|-------|--------|------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+|   512 |     32 |    1 |    544 |    0.211 |  2421.57 |    1.055 |    30.33 |    1.266 |   429.57 |
+|   512 |     32 |    2 |   1088 |    0.419 |  2441.34 |    1.130 |    56.65 |    1.549 |   702.32 |
+|   512 |     32 |    4 |   2176 |    0.873 |  2345.54 |    1.174 |   108.99 |    2.048 |  1062.74 |
+|   512 |     32 |    8 |   4352 |    1.727 |  2371.85 |    1.254 |   204.22 |    2.980 |  1460.19 |
+|   512 |     32 |   16 |   8704 |    3.452 |  2373.22 |    1.492 |   343.16 |    4.944 |  1760.56 |
+|   512 |     32 |   32 |  17408 |    6.916 |  2368.93 |    1.675 |   611.51 |    8.591 |  2026.36 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    1 |   4128 |    1.799 |  2277.26 |    1.084 |    29.51 |    2.883 |  1431.91 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    2 |   8256 |    3.577 |  2290.01 |    1.196 |    53.50 |    4.774 |  1729.51 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    4 |  16512 |    7.172 |  2284.36 |    1.313 |    97.50 |    8.485 |  1946.00 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    8 |  33024 |   14.341 |  2284.96 |    1.520 |   168.46 |   15.860 |  2082.18 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   16 |  66048 |   28.675 |  2285.44 |    1.983 |   258.21 |   30.658 |  2154.33 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   32 | 132096 |   57.354 |  2285.32 |    2.640 |   387.87 |   59.994 |  2201.82 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    1 |   8224 |    3.701 |  2213.75 |    1.119 |    28.59 |    4.820 |  1706.34 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    2 |  16448 |    7.410 |  2211.19 |    1.272 |    50.31 |    8.682 |  1894.56 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    4 |  32896 |   14.802 |  2213.83 |    1.460 |    87.68 |   16.261 |  2022.96 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    8 |  65792 |   29.609 |  2213.35 |    1.781 |   143.74 |   31.390 |  2095.93 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   16 | 131584 |   59.229 |  2212.96 |    2.495 |   205.17 |   61.725 |  2131.79 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   32 | 263168 |  118.449 |  2213.15 |    3.714 |   275.75 |  122.162 |  2154.25 |
+
+
+- `llama-bench`
+
+| model                          |       size |     params | backend    | ngl | n_ubatch | fa | mmap |            test |                  t/s |
+| ------------------------------ | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | --: | -------: | -: | ---: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |          pp2048 |       2272.74 ± 4.68 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |            tg32 |         30.66 ± 0.02 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d4096 |       2107.80 ± 9.55 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d4096 |         29.71 ± 0.05 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d8192 |       1937.80 ± 6.75 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d8192 |         28.86 ± 0.04 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d16384 |       1641.12 ± 1.78 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d16384 |         27.24 ± 0.04 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d32768 |       1296.02 ± 2.67 |
+| qwen2 7B Q8_0                  |   7.54 GiB |     7.62 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d32768 |         23.78 ± 0.03 |
+
+build: eeee367de (6989)
+
+## ggml-org/gemma-3-4b-it-qat-GGUF
+
+Model: https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/gemma-3-4b-it-qat-GGUF
+
+- `llama-batched-bench`
+
+
+main: n_kv_max = 270336, n_batch = 2048, n_ubatch = 2048, flash_attn = 1, is_pp_shared = 0, n_gpu_layers = -1, n_threads = 20, n_threads_batch = 20
+
+|    PP |     TG |    B |   N_KV |   T_PP s | S_PP t/s |   T_TG s | S_TG t/s |      T s |    S t/s |
+|-------|--------|------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+|   512 |     32 |    1 |    544 |    0.094 |  5434.73 |    0.394 |    81.21 |    0.488 |  1114.15 |
+|   512 |     32 |    2 |   1088 |    0.168 |  6091.68 |    0.498 |   128.52 |    0.666 |  1633.41 |
+|   512 |     32 |    4 |   2176 |    0.341 |  6010.68 |    0.542 |   236.37 |    0.882 |  2466.43 |
+|   512 |     32 |    8 |   4352 |    0.665 |  6161.46 |    0.678 |   377.74 |    1.342 |  3241.72 |
+|   512 |     32 |   16 |   8704 |    1.323 |  6193.19 |    0.902 |   567.41 |    2.225 |  3911.74 |
+|   512 |     32 |   32 |  17408 |    2.642 |  6202.03 |    1.231 |   832.03 |    3.872 |  4495.36 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    1 |   4128 |    0.701 |  5840.49 |    0.439 |    72.95 |    1.140 |  3621.23 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    2 |   8256 |    1.387 |  5906.82 |    0.574 |   111.48 |    1.961 |  4210.12 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    4 |  16512 |    2.758 |  5940.33 |    0.651 |   196.58 |    3.409 |  4843.33 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    8 |  33024 |    5.491 |  5967.56 |    0.876 |   292.40 |    6.367 |  5187.12 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   16 |  66048 |   10.978 |  5969.58 |    1.275 |   401.69 |   12.253 |  5390.38 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   32 | 132096 |   21.944 |  5972.93 |    1.992 |   514.16 |   23.936 |  5518.73 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    1 |   8224 |    1.402 |  5841.91 |    0.452 |    70.73 |    1.855 |  4434.12 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    2 |  16448 |    2.793 |  5865.34 |    0.637 |   100.55 |    3.430 |  4795.51 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    4 |  32896 |    5.564 |  5889.64 |    0.770 |   166.26 |    6.334 |  5193.95 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    8 |  65792 |   11.114 |  5896.44 |    1.122 |   228.07 |   12.237 |  5376.51 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   16 | 131584 |   22.210 |  5901.38 |    1.789 |   286.15 |   24.000 |  5482.74 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   32 | 263168 |   44.382 |  5906.56 |    3.044 |   336.38 |   47.426 |  5549.02 |
+
+
+- `llama-bench`
+
+| model                          |       size |     params | backend    | ngl | n_ubatch | fa | mmap |            test |                  t/s |
+| ------------------------------ | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | --: | -------: | -: | ---: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |          pp2048 |      5810.04 ± 21.71 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |            tg32 |         84.54 ± 0.18 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d4096 |       5288.04 ± 3.54 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d4096 |         78.82 ± 1.37 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |  pp2048 @ d8192 |      4960.43 ± 16.64 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |    tg32 @ d8192 |         74.13 ± 0.30 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d16384 |      4495.92 ± 31.11 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d16384 |         72.37 ± 0.29 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 | pp2048 @ d32768 |      3746.90 ± 40.01 |
+| gemma3 4B Q4_0                 |   2.35 GiB |     3.88 B | CUDA       |  99 |     2048 |  1 |    0 |   tg32 @ d32768 |         63.02 ± 0.20 |
+
+build: eeee367de (6989)
+

build-xcframework.sh

@@ -454,6 +454,8 @@ cmake -B build-visionos -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
     -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
+    -DLLAMA_HTTPLIB=OFF \
+    -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-visionos --config Release -- -quiet
 
@@ -468,6 +470,8 @@ cmake -B build-visionos-sim -G Xcode \
     -DCMAKE_C_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_C_FLAGS}" \
     -DCMAKE_CXX_FLAGS="-D_XOPEN_SOURCE=700 ${COMMON_CXX_FLAGS}" \
     -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF \
+    -DLLAMA_HTTPLIB=OFF \
+    -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
     -S .
 cmake --build build-visionos-sim --config Release -- -quiet
 

ci/run.sh

@@ -121,7 +121,12 @@ fi
 if [ -n "${GG_BUILD_KLEIDIAI}" ]; then
     echo ">>===== Enabling KleidiAI support"
 
-    CANDIDATES=("armv9-a+dotprod+i8mm" "armv8.6-a+dotprod+i8mm" "armv8.2-a+dotprod")
+    CANDIDATES=(
+        "armv9-a+dotprod+i8mm+sve2"
+        "armv9-a+dotprod+i8mm"
+        "armv8.6-a+dotprod+i8mm"
+        "armv8.2-a+dotprod"
+    )
     CPU=""
 
     for cpu in "${CANDIDATES[@]}"; do

common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -50,12 +50,16 @@ add_library(${TARGET} STATIC
     base64.hpp
     chat-parser.cpp
     chat-parser.h
+    chat-parser-xml-toolcall.h
+    chat-parser-xml-toolcall.cpp
     chat.cpp
     chat.h
     common.cpp
     common.h
     console.cpp
     console.h
+    download.cpp
+    download.h
     http.h
     json-partial.cpp
     json-partial.h
@@ -77,10 +81,11 @@ if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
     set_target_properties(${TARGET} PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
 endif()
 
+# TODO: use list(APPEND LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS ...)
 set(LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS build_info)
 
-# Use curl to download model url
 if (LLAMA_CURL)
+    # Use curl to download model url
     find_package(CURL)
     if (NOT CURL_FOUND)
         message(FATAL_ERROR "Could NOT find CURL. Hint: to disable this feature, set -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF")
@@ -88,42 +93,10 @@ if (LLAMA_CURL)
     target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC LLAMA_USE_CURL)
     include_directories(${CURL_INCLUDE_DIRS})
     set(LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS} ${CURL_LIBRARIES})
-endif()
-
-if (LLAMA_OPENSSL)
-    find_package(OpenSSL)
-    if (OpenSSL_FOUND)
-        include(CheckCSourceCompiles)
-        set(SAVED_CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES})
-        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES ${OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR})
-        check_c_source_compiles("
-        #include <openssl/opensslv.h>
-        #if defined(OPENSSL_IS_BORINGSSL) || defined(LIBRESSL_VERSION_NUMBER)
-        #    if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x1010107f
-        #        error bad version
-        #    endif
-        #else
-        #    if OPENSSL_VERSION_NUMBER < 0x30000000L
-        #        error bad version
-        #    endif
-        #endif
-        int main() { return 0; }
-        " OPENSSL_VERSION_SUPPORTED)
-        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES ${SAVED_CMAKE_REQUIRED_INCLUDES})
-        if (OPENSSL_VERSION_SUPPORTED)
-            message(STATUS "OpenSSL found: ${OPENSSL_VERSION}")
-            target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC CPPHTTPLIB_OPENSSL_SUPPORT)
-            target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PUBLIC OpenSSL::SSL OpenSSL::Crypto)
-            if (APPLE AND CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Darwin")
-                target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC CPPHTTPLIB_USE_CERTS_FROM_MACOSX_KEYCHAIN)
-                find_library(CORE_FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK CoreFoundation REQUIRED)
-                find_library(SECURITY_FRAMEWORK Security REQUIRED)
-                target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PUBLIC ${CORE_FOUNDATION_FRAMEWORK} ${SECURITY_FRAMEWORK})
-            endif()
-        endif()
-    else()
-        message(STATUS "OpenSSL not found, SSL support disabled")
-    endif()
+elseif (LLAMA_HTTPLIB)
+    # otherwise, use cpp-httplib
+    target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PUBLIC LLAMA_USE_HTTPLIB)
+    set(LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_COMMON_EXTRA_LIBS} cpp-httplib)
 endif()
 
 if (LLAMA_LLGUIDANCE)

common/arg.h

@@ -59,8 +59,8 @@ struct common_arg {
     common_arg & set_sparam();
     bool in_example(enum llama_example ex);
     bool is_exclude(enum llama_example ex);
-    bool get_value_from_env(std::string & output);
-    bool has_value_from_env();
+    bool get_value_from_env(std::string & output) const;
+    bool has_value_from_env() const;
     std::string to_string();
 };
 

common/chat-parser-xml-toolcall.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,861 @@
+#include "chat.h"
+#include "chat-parser.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "json-partial.h"
+#include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "regex-partial.h"
+
+using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+
+class xml_toolcall_syntax_exception : public std::runtime_error {
+  public:
+    xml_toolcall_syntax_exception(const std::string & message) : std::runtime_error(message) {}
+};
+
+template<typename T>
+inline void sort_uniq(std::vector<T> &vec) {
+    std::sort(vec.begin(), vec.end());
+    vec.erase(std::unique(vec.begin(), vec.end()), vec.end());
+}
+
+template<typename T>
+inline bool all_space(const T &str) {
+    return std::all_of(str.begin(), str.end(), [](unsigned char ch) { return std::isspace(ch); });
+}
+
+static size_t utf8_truncate_safe(const std::string_view s) {
+    size_t len = s.size();
+    if (len == 0) return 0;
+    size_t i = len;
+    for (size_t back = 0; back < 4 && i > 0; ++back) {
+        --i;
+        unsigned char c = s[i];
+        if ((c & 0x80) == 0) {
+            return len;
+        } else if ((c & 0xC0) == 0xC0) {
+            size_t expected_len = 0;
+            if ((c & 0xE0) == 0xC0) expected_len = 2;
+            else if ((c & 0xF0) == 0xE0) expected_len = 3;
+            else if ((c & 0xF8) == 0xF0) expected_len = 4;
+            else return i;
+            if (len - i >= expected_len) {
+                return len;
+            } else {
+                return i;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return len - std::min(len, size_t(3));
+}
+
+inline void utf8_truncate_safe_resize(std::string &s) {
+    s.resize(utf8_truncate_safe(s));
+}
+
+inline std::string_view utf8_truncate_safe_view(const std::string_view s) {
+    return s.substr(0, utf8_truncate_safe(s));
+}
+
+static std::optional<common_chat_msg_parser::find_regex_result> try_find_2_literal_splited_by_spaces(common_chat_msg_parser & builder, const std::string & literal1, const std::string & literal2) {
+    if (literal1.size() == 0) return builder.try_find_literal(literal2);
+    const auto saved_pos = builder.pos();
+    while (auto res = builder.try_find_literal(literal1)) {
+        builder.consume_spaces();
+        const auto match_len = std::min(literal2.size(), builder.input().size() - builder.pos());
+        if (builder.input().compare(builder.pos(), match_len, literal2, 0, match_len) == 0) {
+            if (res->prelude.size() != res->groups[0].begin - saved_pos) {
+                res->prelude = builder.str({saved_pos, res->groups[0].begin});
+            }
+            builder.move_to(builder.pos() + match_len);
+            res->groups[0].end = builder.pos();
+            GGML_ASSERT(res->groups[0].begin != res->groups[0].end);
+            return res;
+        }
+        builder.move_to(res->groups[0].begin + 1);
+    }
+    builder.move_to(saved_pos);
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+/**
+ * make a GBNF that accept any strings except those containing any of the forbidden strings.
+ */
+std::string make_gbnf_excluding(std::vector<std::string> forbids) {
+    constexpr auto charclass_escape = [](unsigned char c) -> std::string {
+        if (c == '\\' || c == ']' || c == '^' || c == '-') {
+            std::string s = "\\";
+            s.push_back((char)c);
+            return s;
+        }
+        if (isprint(c)) {
+            return std::string(1, (char)c);
+        }
+        char buf[16];
+        snprintf(buf, 15, "\\x%02X", c);
+        return std::string(buf);
+    };
+    constexpr auto build_expr = [charclass_escape](auto self, const std::vector<std::string>& forbids, int l, int r, int depth) -> std::string {
+        std::vector<std::pair<unsigned char, std::pair<int,int>>> children;
+        int i = l;
+        while (i < r) {
+            const std::string &s = forbids[i];
+            if ((int)s.size() == depth) {
+                ++i;
+                continue;
+            }
+            unsigned char c = (unsigned char)s[depth];
+            int j = i;
+            while (j < r && (int)forbids[j].size() > depth &&
+                   (unsigned char)forbids[j][depth] == c) {
+                ++j;
+            }
+            children.push_back({c, {i, j}});
+            i = j;
+        }
+        std::vector<std::string> alts;
+        if (!children.empty()) {
+            std::string cls;
+            for (auto &ch : children) cls += charclass_escape(ch.first);
+            alts.push_back(std::string("[^") + cls + "]");
+        }
+        for (auto &ch : children) {
+            std::string childExpr = self(self, forbids, ch.second.first, ch.second.second, depth+1);
+            if (!childExpr.empty()) {
+                std::string quoted_ch = "\"";
+                if (ch.first == '\\') quoted_ch += "\\\\";
+                else if (ch.first == '"') quoted_ch += "\\\"";
+                else if (isprint(ch.first)) quoted_ch.push_back(ch.first);
+                else {
+                    char buf[16];
+                    snprintf(buf, 15, "\\x%02X", ch.first);
+                    quoted_ch += buf;
+                }
+                quoted_ch += "\"";
+                std::string branch = quoted_ch + std::string(" ") + childExpr;
+                alts.push_back(branch);
+            }
+        }
+        if (alts.empty()) return "";
+        std::ostringstream oss;
+        oss << "( ";
+        for (size_t k = 0; k < alts.size(); ++k) {
+            if (k) oss << " | ";
+            oss << alts[k];
+        }
+        oss << " )";
+        return oss.str();
+    };
+    if (forbids.empty()) return "( . )*";
+    sort(forbids.begin(), forbids.end());
+    std::string expr = build_expr(build_expr, forbids, 0, forbids.size(), 0);
+    if (expr.empty()) {
+        std::string cls;
+        for (auto &s : forbids) if (!s.empty()) cls += charclass_escape((unsigned char)s[0]);
+        expr = std::string("( [^") + cls + "] )";
+    }
+    if (forbids.size() == 1)
+        return expr + "*";
+    else
+        return std::string("( ") + expr + " )*";
+}
+
+/**
+ * Build grammar for xml-style tool call
+ * form.scope_start and form.scope_end can be empty.
+ * Requires data.format for model-specific hacks.
+ */
+void build_grammar_xml_tool_call(common_chat_params & data, const json & tools, const struct xml_tool_call_format & form) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.tool_start.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.tool_sep.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.key_start.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.val_end.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.tool_end.empty());
+
+    std::string key_val_sep = form.key_val_sep;
+    if (form.key_val_sep2) {
+        key_val_sep += "\n";
+        key_val_sep += *form.key_val_sep2;
+    }
+    GGML_ASSERT(!key_val_sep.empty());
+
+    if (tools.is_array() && !tools.empty()) {
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder &builder) {
+            auto string_arg_val = form.last_val_end ?
+                    builder.add_rule("string-arg-val", make_gbnf_excluding({form.val_end, *form.last_val_end})) :
+                    builder.add_rule("string-arg-val", make_gbnf_excluding({form.val_end}));
+
+            std::vector<std::string> tool_rules;
+            for (const auto & tool : tools) {
+                if (!tool.contains("type") || tool.at("type") != "function" || !tool.contains("function")) {
+                    LOG_WRN("Skipping tool without function: %s", tool.dump(2).c_str());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                if (!function.contains("name") || !function.at("name").is_string()) {
+                    LOG_WRN("Skipping invalid function (invalid name): %s", function.dump(2).c_str());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                if (!function.contains("parameters") || !function.at("parameters").is_object()) {
+                    LOG_WRN("Skipping invalid function (invalid parameters): %s", function.dump(2).c_str());
+                    continue;
+                }
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                auto parameters = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(parameters);
+
+                struct parameter_rule {
+                    std::string symbol_name;
+                    bool is_required;
+                };
+                std::vector<parameter_rule> arg_rules;
+                if (!parameters.contains("properties") || !parameters.at("properties").is_object()) {
+                    LOG_WRN("Skipping invalid function (invalid properties): %s", function.dump(2).c_str());
+                    continue;
+                } else {
+                    std::vector<std::string> requiredParameters;
+                    if (parameters.contains("required")) {
+                        try { parameters.at("required").get_to(requiredParameters); }
+                        catch (const std::runtime_error&) {
+                            LOG_WRN("Invalid function required parameters, ignoring: %s", function.at("required").dump(2).c_str());
+                        }
+                    }
+                    sort_uniq(requiredParameters);
+                    for (const auto & [key, value] : parameters.at("properties").items()) {
+                        std::string quoted_key = key;
+                        bool required = std::binary_search(requiredParameters.begin(), requiredParameters.end(), key);
+                        if (form.key_start.back() == '"' && key_val_sep[0] == '"') {
+                            quoted_key = gbnf_format_literal(key);
+                            quoted_key = quoted_key.substr(1, quoted_key.size() - 2);
+                        }
+                        arg_rules.push_back(parameter_rule {builder.add_rule("func-" + name + "-kv-" + key,
+                            gbnf_format_literal(form.key_start) + " " +
+                            gbnf_format_literal(quoted_key) + " " +
+                            gbnf_format_literal(key_val_sep) + " " +
+                            ((value.contains("type") && value["type"].is_string() && value["type"] == "string" && (!form.raw_argval || *form.raw_argval)) ?
+                                    (form.raw_argval ?
+                                            string_arg_val :
+                                            "( " + string_arg_val + " | " + builder.add_schema(name + "-arg-" + key, value) + " )"
+                                    ) :
+                                    builder.add_schema(name + "-arg-" + key, value)
+                            )
+                        ), required});
+                    }
+                }
+
+                auto next_arg_with_sep = builder.add_rule(name + "-last-arg-end", form.last_val_end ? gbnf_format_literal(*form.last_val_end) : gbnf_format_literal(form.val_end));
+                decltype(next_arg_with_sep) next_arg = "\"\"";
+                for (auto i = arg_rules.size() - 1; /* i >= 0 && */ i < arg_rules.size(); --i) {
+                    std::string include_this_arg = arg_rules[i].symbol_name + " " + next_arg_with_sep;
+                    next_arg = builder.add_rule(name + "-arg-after-" + std::to_string(i), arg_rules[i].is_required ?
+                            include_this_arg : "( " + include_this_arg + " ) | " + next_arg
+                    );
+                    include_this_arg = gbnf_format_literal(form.val_end) + " " + include_this_arg;
+                    next_arg_with_sep = builder.add_rule(name + "-arg-after-" + std::to_string(i) + "-with-sep", arg_rules[i].is_required ?
+                            include_this_arg : "( " + include_this_arg + " ) | " + next_arg_with_sep
+                    );
+                }
+
+                std::string quoted_name = name;
+                if (form.tool_start.back() == '"' && form.tool_sep[0] == '"') {
+                    quoted_name = gbnf_format_literal(name);
+                    quoted_name = quoted_name.substr(1, quoted_name.size() - 2);
+                }
+                quoted_name = gbnf_format_literal(quoted_name);
+                // Kimi-K2 uses functions.{{ tool_call['function']['name'] }}:{{ loop.index }} as function name
+                if (data.format == COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2) {
+                    quoted_name = "\"functions.\" " + quoted_name + " \":\" [0-9]+";
+                }
+                tool_rules.push_back(builder.add_rule(name + "-call",
+                        gbnf_format_literal(form.tool_start) + " " +
+                        quoted_name + " " +
+                        gbnf_format_literal(form.tool_sep) + " " +
+                        next_arg
+                ));
+            }
+
+            auto tool_call_once = builder.add_rule("root-tool-call-once", string_join(tool_rules, " | "));
+            auto tool_call_more = builder.add_rule("root-tool-call-more", gbnf_format_literal(form.tool_end) + " " + tool_call_once);
+            auto call_end = builder.add_rule("root-call-end", form.last_tool_end ? gbnf_format_literal(*form.last_tool_end) : gbnf_format_literal(form.tool_end));
+            auto tool_call_multiple_with_end = builder.add_rule("root-tool-call-multiple-with-end", tool_call_once + " " + tool_call_more + "* " + call_end);
+            builder.add_rule("root",
+                (form.scope_start.empty() ? "" : gbnf_format_literal(form.scope_start) + " ") +
+                tool_call_multiple_with_end  + "?" +
+                (form.scope_end.empty() ? "" : " " + gbnf_format_literal(form.scope_end))
+            );
+        });
+
+        // grammar trigger for tool call
+        data.grammar_triggers.push_back({ COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, form.scope_start + form.tool_start });
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse XML-Style tool call for given xml_tool_call_format. Return false for invalid syntax and get the position untouched.
+ * Throws xml_toolcall_syntax_exception if there is invalid syntax and cannot recover the original status for common_chat_msg_parser.
+ * form.scope_start, form.tool_sep and form.scope_end can be empty.
+ */
+inline bool parse_xml_tool_calls(common_chat_msg_parser & builder, const struct xml_tool_call_format & form) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.tool_start.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.key_start.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.key_val_sep.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.val_end.empty());
+    GGML_ASSERT(!form.tool_end.empty());
+
+    // Helper to choose return false or throw error
+    constexpr auto return_error = [](common_chat_msg_parser & builder, auto &start_pos, const bool &recovery) {
+        LOG_DBG("Failed to parse XML-Style tool call at position: %s\n", gbnf_format_literal(builder.consume_rest().substr(0, 20)).c_str());
+        if (recovery) {
+            builder.move_to(start_pos);
+            return false;
+        } else throw xml_toolcall_syntax_exception("Tool call parsing failed with unrecoverable errors. Try using a grammar to constrain the model’s output.");
+    };
+    // Drop substring from needle to end from a JSON
+    constexpr auto partial_json = [](std::string &json_str, std::string_view needle = "XML_TOOL_CALL_PARTIAL_FLAG") {
+        auto pos = json_str.rfind(needle);
+        if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+            return false;
+        }
+        for (auto i = pos + needle.size(); i < json_str.size(); ++i) {
+            unsigned char ch = static_cast<unsigned char>(json_str[i]);
+            if (ch != '\'' && ch != '"' && ch != '}' && ch != ':' && !std::isspace(ch)) {
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        if (pos != 0 && json_str[pos - 1] == '"') {
+            --pos;
+        }
+        json_str.resize(pos);
+        return true;
+    };
+    // Helper to generate a partial argument JSON
+    constexpr auto gen_partial_json = [partial_json](auto set_partial_arg, auto &arguments, auto &builder, auto &function_name) {
+        auto rest = builder.consume_rest();
+        utf8_truncate_safe_resize(rest);
+        set_partial_arg(rest, "XML_TOOL_CALL_PARTIAL_FLAG");
+        auto tool_str = arguments.dump();
+        if (partial_json(tool_str)) {
+            if (builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", tool_str)) {
+                return;
+            }
+        }
+        LOG_DBG("Failed to parse partial XML-Style tool call, fallback to non-partial: %s\n", tool_str.c_str());
+    };
+    // Helper to find a close (because there may be form.last_val_end or form.last_tool_end)
+    constexpr auto try_find_close = [](
+            common_chat_msg_parser & builder,
+            const std::string & end,
+            const std::optional<std::string> & alt_end,
+            const std::string & end_next,
+            const std::optional<std::string> & alt_end_next
+    ) {
+        auto saved_pos = builder.pos();
+        auto tc = builder.try_find_literal(end);
+        auto val_end_size = end.size();
+        if (alt_end) {
+            auto pos_1 = builder.pos();
+            builder.move_to(saved_pos);
+            auto tc2 = try_find_2_literal_splited_by_spaces(builder, *alt_end, end_next);
+            if (alt_end_next) {
+                builder.move_to(saved_pos);
+                auto tc3 = try_find_2_literal_splited_by_spaces(builder, *alt_end, *alt_end_next);
+                if (tc3 && (!tc2 || tc2->prelude.size() > tc3->prelude.size())) {
+                    tc2 = tc3;
+                }
+            }
+            if (tc2 && (!tc || tc->prelude.size() > tc2->prelude.size())) {
+                tc = tc2;
+                tc->groups[0].end = std::min(builder.input().size(), tc->groups[0].begin + alt_end->size());
+                builder.move_to(tc->groups[0].end);
+                val_end_size = alt_end->size();
+            } else {
+                builder.move_to(pos_1);
+            }
+        }
+        return std::make_pair(val_end_size, tc);
+    };
+    // Helper to find a val_end or last_val_end, returns matched pattern size
+    const auto try_find_val_end = [try_find_close, &builder, &form]() {
+        return try_find_close(builder, form.val_end, form.last_val_end, form.tool_end, form.last_tool_end);
+    };
+    // Helper to find a tool_end or last_tool_end, returns matched pattern size
+    const auto try_find_tool_end = [try_find_close, &builder, &form]() {
+        return try_find_close(builder, form.tool_end, form.last_tool_end, form.scope_end, std::nullopt);
+    };
+
+    bool recovery = true;
+    const auto start_pos = builder.pos();
+    if (!all_space(form.scope_start)) {
+        if (auto tc = builder.try_find_literal(form.scope_start)) {
+            if (all_space(tc->prelude)) {
+                if (form.scope_start.size() != tc->groups[0].end - tc->groups[0].begin)
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Partial literal: " + gbnf_format_literal(form.scope_start));
+            } else {
+                builder.move_to(start_pos);
+                return false;
+            }
+        } else return false;
+    }
+    while (auto tc = builder.try_find_literal(form.tool_start)) {
+        if (!all_space(tc->prelude)) {
+            LOG_DBG("XML-Style tool call: Expected %s, but found %s, trying to match next pattern\n",
+                    gbnf_format_literal(form.tool_start).c_str(),
+                    gbnf_format_literal(tc->prelude).c_str()
+            );
+            builder.move_to(tc->groups[0].begin - tc->prelude.size());
+            break;
+        }
+
+        // Find tool name
+        auto func_name = builder.try_find_literal(all_space(form.tool_sep) ? form.key_start : form.tool_sep);
+        if (!func_name) {
+            auto [sz, tc] = try_find_tool_end();
+            func_name = tc;
+        }
+        if (!func_name) {
+            // Partial tool name not supported
+            throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("incomplete tool_call");
+        }
+        // If the model generate multiple tool call and the first tool call has no argument
+        if (func_name->prelude.find(form.tool_end) != std::string::npos || (form.last_tool_end ? func_name->prelude.find(*form.last_tool_end) != std::string::npos : false)) {
+            builder.move_to(func_name->groups[0].begin - func_name->prelude.size());
+            auto [sz, tc] = try_find_tool_end();
+            func_name = tc;
+        }
+
+        // Parse tool name
+        builder.move_to(all_space(form.tool_sep) ? func_name->groups[0].begin : func_name->groups[0].end);
+        std::string function_name = string_strip(func_name->prelude);
+        // Kimi-K2 uses functions.{{ tool_call['function']['name'] }}:{{ loop.index }} as function name
+        if (builder.syntax().format == COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2) {
+            if (string_starts_with(function_name, "functions.")) {
+                static const std::regex re(":\\d+$");
+                if (std::regex_search(function_name, re)) {
+                    function_name = function_name.substr(10, function_name.rfind(":") - 10);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Argument JSON
+        json arguments = json::object();
+
+        // Helper to generate a partial argument JSON
+        const auto gen_partial_args = [&](auto set_partial_arg) {
+            gen_partial_json(set_partial_arg, arguments, builder, function_name);
+        };
+
+        // Parse all arg_key/arg_value pairs
+        while (auto tc = builder.try_find_literal(form.key_start)) {
+            if (!all_space(tc->prelude)) {
+                LOG_DBG("XML-Style tool call: Expected %s, but found %s, trying to match next pattern\n",
+                        gbnf_format_literal(form.key_start).c_str(),
+                        gbnf_format_literal(tc->prelude).c_str()
+                );
+                builder.move_to(tc->groups[0].begin - tc->prelude.size());
+                break;
+            }
+            if (tc->groups[0].end - tc->groups[0].begin != form.key_start.size()) {
+                auto tool_call_arg = arguments.dump();
+                if (tool_call_arg.size() != 0 && tool_call_arg[tool_call_arg.size() - 1] == '}') {
+                    tool_call_arg.resize(tool_call_arg.size() - 1);
+                }
+                builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", tool_call_arg);
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Partial literal: " + gbnf_format_literal(form.key_start));
+            }
+
+            // Parse arg_key
+            auto key_res = builder.try_find_literal(form.key_val_sep);
+            if (!key_res) {
+                gen_partial_args([&](auto &rest, auto &needle) {arguments[rest + needle] = "";});
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Expected " + gbnf_format_literal(form.key_val_sep) + " after " + gbnf_format_literal(form.key_start));
+            }
+            if (key_res->groups[0].end - key_res->groups[0].begin != form.key_val_sep.size()) {
+                gen_partial_args([&](auto &, auto &needle) {arguments[key_res->prelude + needle] = "";});
+                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Partial literal: " + gbnf_format_literal(form.key_val_sep));
+            }
+            auto &key = key_res->prelude;
+            recovery = false;
+
+            // Parse arg_value
+            if (form.key_val_sep2) {
+                if (auto tc = builder.try_find_literal(*form.key_val_sep2)) {
+                    if (!all_space(tc->prelude)) {
+                        LOG_DBG("Failed to parse XML-Style tool call: Unexcepted %s between %s and %s\n",
+                                gbnf_format_literal(tc->prelude).c_str(),
+                                gbnf_format_literal(form.key_val_sep).c_str(),
+                                gbnf_format_literal(*form.key_val_sep2).c_str()
+                        );
+                        return return_error(builder, start_pos, false);
+                    }
+                    if (tc->groups[0].end - tc->groups[0].begin != form.key_val_sep2->size()) {
+                        gen_partial_args([&](auto &, auto &needle) {arguments[key] = needle;});
+                        throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Partial literal: " + gbnf_format_literal(*form.key_val_sep2));
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    gen_partial_args([&](auto &, auto &needle) {arguments[key] = needle;});
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Expected " + gbnf_format_literal(*form.key_val_sep2) + " after " + gbnf_format_literal(form.key_val_sep));
+                }
+            }
+            auto val_start = builder.pos();
+
+            // Test if arg_val is a partial JSON
+            std::optional<common_json> value_json = std::nullopt;
+            if (!form.raw_argval || !*form.raw_argval) {
+                try { value_json = builder.try_consume_json(); }
+                catch (const std::runtime_error&) { builder.move_to(val_start); }
+                // TODO: Delete this when json_partial adds top-level support for null/true/false
+                if (builder.pos() == val_start) {
+                    const static std::regex number_regex(R"([0-9-][0-9]*(\.\d*)?([eE][+-]?\d*)?)");
+                    builder.consume_spaces();
+                    std::string_view sv = utf8_truncate_safe_view(builder.input());
+                    sv.remove_prefix(builder.pos());
+                    std::string rest = "a";
+                    if (sv.size() < 6) rest = sv;
+                    if (string_starts_with("null", rest) || string_starts_with("true", rest) || string_starts_with("false", rest) || std::regex_match(sv.begin(), sv.end(), number_regex)) {
+                        value_json = {123, {"123", "123"}};
+                        builder.consume_rest();
+                    } else {
+                        builder.move_to(val_start);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            // If it is a JSON and followed by </arg_value>, parse as json
+            // cannot support streaming because it may be a plain text starting with JSON
+            if (value_json) {
+                auto json_end = builder.pos();
+                builder.consume_spaces();
+                if (builder.pos() == builder.input().size()) {
+                    if (form.raw_argval && !*form.raw_argval && (value_json->json.is_string() || value_json->json.is_object() || value_json->json.is_array())) {
+                        arguments[key] = value_json->json;
+                        auto json_str = arguments.dump();
+                        if (!value_json->healing_marker.json_dump_marker.empty()) {
+                            GGML_ASSERT(std::string::npos != json_str.rfind(value_json->healing_marker.json_dump_marker));
+                            json_str.resize(json_str.rfind(value_json->healing_marker.json_dump_marker));
+                        } else {
+                            GGML_ASSERT(json_str.back() == '}');
+                            json_str.resize(json_str.size() - 1);
+                        }
+                        builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", json_str);
+                    } else {
+                        gen_partial_args([&](auto &, auto &needle) {arguments[key] = needle;});
+                    }
+                    LOG_DBG("Possible JSON arg_value: %s\n", value_json->json.dump().c_str());
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("JSON arg_value detected. Waiting for more tokens for validations.");
+                }
+                builder.move_to(json_end);
+                auto [val_end_size, tc] = try_find_val_end();
+                if (tc && all_space(tc->prelude) && value_json->healing_marker.marker.empty()) {
+                    if (tc->groups[0].end - tc->groups[0].begin != val_end_size) {
+                        gen_partial_args([&](auto &, auto &needle) {arguments[key] = needle;});
+                        LOG_DBG("Possible terminated JSON arg_value: %s\n", value_json->json.dump().c_str());
+                        throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Partial literal: " + gbnf_format_literal(form.val_end) + (form.last_val_end ? gbnf_format_literal(*form.last_val_end) : ""));
+                    } else arguments[key] = value_json->json;
+                } else builder.move_to(val_start);
+            }
+
+            // If not, parse as plain text
+            if (val_start == builder.pos()) {
+                if (auto [val_end_size, value_plain] = try_find_val_end(); value_plain) {
+                    auto &value_str = value_plain->prelude;
+                    if (form.trim_raw_argval) value_str = string_strip(value_str);
+                    if (value_plain->groups[0].end - value_plain->groups[0].begin != val_end_size) {
+                        gen_partial_args([&](auto &, auto &needle) {arguments[key] = value_str + needle;});
+                        throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception(
+                                "Expected " + gbnf_format_literal(form.val_end) +
+                                " after " + gbnf_format_literal(form.key_val_sep) +
+                                (form.key_val_sep2 ? " " + gbnf_format_literal(*form.key_val_sep2) : "")
+                        );
+                    }
+                    arguments[key] = value_str;
+                } else {
+                    if (form.trim_raw_argval) {
+                        gen_partial_args([&](auto &rest, auto &needle) {arguments[key] = string_strip(rest) + needle;});
+                    } else {
+                        gen_partial_args([&](auto &rest, auto &needle) {arguments[key] = rest + needle;});
+                    }
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception(
+                            "Expected " + gbnf_format_literal(form.val_end) +
+                            " after " + gbnf_format_literal(form.key_val_sep) +
+                            (form.key_val_sep2 ? " " + gbnf_format_literal(*form.key_val_sep2) : "")
+                    );
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Consume closing tag
+        if (auto [tool_end_size, tc] = try_find_tool_end(); tc) {
+            if (!all_space(tc->prelude)) {
+                LOG_DBG("Failed to parse XML-Style tool call: Expected %s, but found %s\n",
+                        gbnf_format_literal(form.tool_end).c_str(),
+                        gbnf_format_literal(tc->prelude).c_str()
+                );
+                return return_error(builder, start_pos, recovery);
+            }
+            if (tc->groups[0].end - tc->groups[0].begin == tool_end_size) {
+                // Add the parsed tool call
+                if (!builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", arguments.dump())) {
+                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Failed to add XML-Style tool call");
+                }
+                recovery = false;
+                continue;
+            }
+        }
+
+        auto tool_call_arg = arguments.dump();
+        if (tool_call_arg.size() != 0 && tool_call_arg[tool_call_arg.size() - 1] == '}') {
+            tool_call_arg.resize(tool_call_arg.size() - 1);
+        }
+        builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", tool_call_arg);
+        throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Expected " + gbnf_format_literal(form.tool_end) + " after " + gbnf_format_literal(form.val_end));
+    }
+    if (auto tc = builder.try_find_literal(form.scope_end)) {
+        if (!all_space(tc->prelude)) {
+            LOG_DBG("Failed to parse XML-Style tool call: Expected %s, but found %s\n",
+                    gbnf_format_literal(form.scope_end).c_str(),
+                    gbnf_format_literal(tc->prelude).c_str()
+            );
+            return return_error(builder, start_pos, recovery);
+        }
+    } else {
+        if (all_space(form.scope_end)) return true;
+        builder.consume_spaces();
+        if (builder.pos() == builder.input().size())
+            throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("incomplete tool calls");
+        LOG_DBG("Failed to parse XML-Style tool call: Expected %s, but found %s\n",
+                gbnf_format_literal(form.scope_end).c_str(),
+                gbnf_format_literal(builder.consume_rest()).c_str()
+        );
+        return return_error(builder, start_pos, recovery);
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse XML-Style tool call for given xml_tool_call_format. Return false for invalid syntax and get the position untouched.
+ * May cause std::runtime_error if there is invalid syntax because partial valid tool call is already sent out to client.
+ * form.scope_start, form.tool_sep and form.scope_end can be empty.
+ */
+bool common_chat_msg_parser::try_consume_xml_tool_calls(const struct xml_tool_call_format & form) {
+    auto pos = pos_;
+    auto tsize = result_.tool_calls.size();
+    try { return parse_xml_tool_calls(*this, form); }
+    catch (const xml_toolcall_syntax_exception&) {}
+    move_to(pos);
+    result_.tool_calls.resize(tsize);
+    return false;
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse content uses reasoning and XML-Style tool call
+ * TODO: Note that form.allow_toolcall_in_think is not tested yet. If anyone confirms it works, this comment can be removed.
+ */
+inline void parse_msg_with_xml_tool_calls(common_chat_msg_parser & builder, const struct xml_tool_call_format & form, const std::string & start_think = "<think>", const std::string & end_think = "</think>") {
+    constexpr auto rstrip = [](std::string &s) {
+        s.resize(std::distance(s.begin(), std::find_if(s.rbegin(), s.rend(), [](unsigned char ch) { return !std::isspace(ch); }).base()));
+    };
+    // Erase substring from l to r, along with additional spaces nearby
+    constexpr auto erase_spaces = [](auto &str, size_t l, size_t r) {
+        while (/* l > -1 && */ --l < str.size() && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[l])));
+        ++l;
+        while (++r < str.size() && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(str[r])));
+        if (l < r) str[l] = '\n';
+        if (l + 1 < r) str[l + 1] = '\n';
+        if (l != 0) l += 2;
+        str.erase(l, r - l);
+        return l;
+    };
+    constexpr auto trim_suffix = [](std::string &content, std::initializer_list<std::string_view> list) {
+        auto best_match = content.size();
+        for (auto pattern: list) {
+            if (pattern.size() == 0) continue;
+            for (auto match_idx = content.size() - std::min(pattern.size(), content.size()); content.size() > match_idx; match_idx++) {
+                auto match_len = content.size() - match_idx;
+                if (content.compare(match_idx, match_len, pattern.data(), match_len) == 0 && best_match > match_idx) {
+                    best_match = match_idx;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+        if (content.size() > best_match) {
+            content.erase(best_match);
+        }
+    };
+    const auto trim_potential_partial_word = [&start_think, &end_think, &form, trim_suffix](std::string &content) {
+        return trim_suffix(content, {
+            start_think, end_think, form.scope_start, form.tool_start, form.tool_sep, form.key_start,
+            form.key_val_sep, form.key_val_sep2 ? form.key_val_sep2->c_str() : "",
+            form.val_end, form.last_val_end ? form.last_val_end->c_str() : "",
+            form.tool_end, form.last_tool_end ? form.last_tool_end->c_str() : "",
+            form.scope_end
+        });
+    };
+
+
+    // Trim leading spaces without affecting keyword matching
+    static const common_regex spaces_regex("\\s*");
+    {
+        auto tc = builder.consume_regex(spaces_regex);
+        auto spaces = builder.str(tc.groups[0]);
+        auto s1 = spaces.size();
+        trim_potential_partial_word(spaces);
+        auto s2 = spaces.size();
+        builder.move_to(builder.pos() - (s1 - s2));
+    }
+
+    // Parse content
+    bool reasoning_unclosed = builder.syntax().thinking_forced_open;
+    std::string unclosed_reasoning_content("");
+    for (;;) {
+        auto tc = try_find_2_literal_splited_by_spaces(builder, form.scope_start, form.tool_start);
+        std::string content;
+        std::string tool_call_start;
+
+        if (tc) {
+            content = std::move(tc->prelude);
+            tool_call_start = builder.str(tc->groups[0]);
+            LOG_DBG("Matched tool start: %s\n", gbnf_format_literal(tool_call_start).c_str());
+        } else {
+            content = builder.consume_rest();
+            utf8_truncate_safe_resize(content);
+        }
+
+        // Handle unclosed think block
+        if (reasoning_unclosed) {
+            if (auto pos = content.find(end_think); pos == std::string::npos && builder.pos() != builder.input().size()) {
+                unclosed_reasoning_content += content;
+                if (form.allow_toolcall_in_think) {
+                    builder.move_to(tc->groups[0].begin);
+                    if (!builder.try_consume_xml_tool_calls(form)) {
+                        unclosed_reasoning_content += tool_call_start;
+                        builder.move_to(tc->groups[0].end);
+                    }
+                } else {
+                    unclosed_reasoning_content += tool_call_start;
+                }
+                continue;
+            } else {
+                reasoning_unclosed = false;
+                std::string reasoning_content;
+                if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+                    reasoning_content = std::move(content);
+                } else {
+                    reasoning_content = content.substr(0, pos);
+                    content.erase(0, pos + end_think.size());
+                }
+                if (builder.pos() == builder.input().size() && all_space(content)) {
+                    rstrip(reasoning_content);
+                    trim_potential_partial_word(reasoning_content);
+                    rstrip(reasoning_content);
+                    if (reasoning_content.empty()) {
+                        rstrip(unclosed_reasoning_content);
+                        trim_potential_partial_word(unclosed_reasoning_content);
+                        rstrip(unclosed_reasoning_content);
+                        if (unclosed_reasoning_content.empty()) continue;
+                    }
+                }
+                if (builder.syntax().reasoning_format == COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE || builder.syntax().reasoning_in_content) {
+                    builder.add_content(start_think);
+                    builder.add_content(unclosed_reasoning_content);
+                    builder.add_content(reasoning_content);
+                    if (builder.pos() != builder.input().size() || !all_space(content))
+                        builder.add_content(end_think);
+                } else {
+                    builder.add_reasoning_content(unclosed_reasoning_content);
+                    builder.add_reasoning_content(reasoning_content);
+                }
+                unclosed_reasoning_content.clear();
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Handle multiple think block
+        bool toolcall_in_think = false;
+        for (auto think_start = content.find(start_think); think_start != std::string::npos; think_start = content.find(start_think, think_start)) {
+            if (auto think_end = content.find(end_think, think_start + start_think.size()); think_end != std::string::npos) {
+                if (builder.syntax().reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE && !builder.syntax().reasoning_in_content) {
+                    auto reasoning_content = content.substr(think_start + start_think.size(), think_end - think_start - start_think.size());
+                    builder.add_reasoning_content(reasoning_content);
+                    think_start = erase_spaces(content, think_start, think_end + end_think.size() - 1);
+                } else {
+                    think_start = think_end + end_think.size() - 1;
+                }
+            } else {
+                // This <tool_call> start is in thinking block, skip this tool call
+                auto pos = think_start + start_think.size();
+                unclosed_reasoning_content = content.substr(pos) + tool_call_start;
+                reasoning_unclosed = true;
+                content.resize(think_start);
+                toolcall_in_think = true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (builder.syntax().reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE && !builder.syntax().reasoning_in_content) {
+            rstrip(content);
+            // Handle unclosed </think> token from content: delete all </think> token
+            if (auto pos = content.rfind(end_think); pos != std::string::npos) {
+                while (pos != std::string::npos) {
+                    pos = erase_spaces(content, pos, pos + end_think.size() - 1);
+                    pos = content.rfind(end_think, pos);
+                }
+            }
+            // Strip if needed
+            if (content.size() > 0 && std::isspace(static_cast<unsigned char>(content[0]))) {
+                content = string_strip(content);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // remove potential partial suffix
+        if (content.size() > 0 && builder.pos() == builder.input().size() && unclosed_reasoning_content.empty()) {
+            rstrip(content);
+            trim_potential_partial_word(content);
+            rstrip(content);
+        }
+
+        // Add content
+        if (content.size() != 0) {
+            // If there are multiple content blocks
+            if (builder.syntax().reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE && !builder.syntax().reasoning_in_content && builder.result().content.size() != 0) {
+                builder.add_content("\n\n");
+            }
+            builder.add_content(content);
+        }
+
+        // This <tool_call> start is in thinking block, skip this tool call
+        if (toolcall_in_think && !form.allow_toolcall_in_think) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        // There is no tool call and all content is parsed
+        if (!tc) {
+            GGML_ASSERT(builder.pos() == builder.input().size());
+            GGML_ASSERT(unclosed_reasoning_content.empty());
+            GGML_ASSERT(!reasoning_unclosed);
+            break;
+        }
+
+        builder.move_to(tc->groups[0].begin);
+        if (builder.try_consume_xml_tool_calls(form)) {
+            auto end_of_tool = builder.pos();
+            builder.consume_spaces();
+            if (builder.pos() != builder.input().size()) {
+                builder.move_to(end_of_tool);
+                if (!builder.result().content.empty()) {
+                    builder.add_content("\n\n");
+                }
+            }
+        } else {
+            static const common_regex next_char_regex(".");
+            auto c = builder.str(builder.consume_regex(next_char_regex).groups[0]);
+            rstrip(c);
+            builder.add_content(c);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Parse content uses reasoning and XML-Style tool call
+ * TODO: Note that form.allow_toolcall_in_think is not tested yet. If anyone confirms it works, this comment can be removed.
+ */
+void common_chat_msg_parser::consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(const struct xml_tool_call_format & form, const std::string & start_think, const std::string & end_think) {
+    parse_msg_with_xml_tool_calls(*this, form, start_think, end_think);
+}

common/chat-parser-xml-toolcall.h

@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "chat.h"
+
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+
+// Sample config:
+// MiniMax-M2 (left): <minimax:tool_call>\n<invoke name="tool-name">\n<parameter name="key">value</parameter>\n...</invoke>\n...</minimax:tool_call>
+// GLM 4.5   (right): <tool_call>function_name\n<arg_key>key</arg_key>\n<arg_value>value</arg_value>\n</tool_call>
+struct xml_tool_call_format {
+    std::string scope_start; // <minimax:tool_call>\n  // \n                      // can be empty
+    std::string tool_start;  // <invoke name=\"        // <tool_call>
+    std::string tool_sep;    // \">\n                  // \n                      // can be empty only for parse_xml_tool_calls
+    std::string key_start;   // <parameter name=\"     // <arg_key>
+    std::string key_val_sep; // \">                    // </arg_key>\n<arg_value>
+    std::string val_end;     // </parameter>\n         // </arg_value>\n
+    std::string tool_end;    // </invoke>\n            // </tool_call>\n
+    std::string scope_end;   // </minimax:tool_call>   //                         // can be empty
+    // Set this if there can be dynamic spaces inside key_val_sep.
+    // e.g. key_val_sep=</arg_key> key_val_sep2=<arg_value> for GLM4.5
+    std::optional<std::string> key_val_sep2 = std::nullopt;
+    // Set true if argval should only be raw string. e.g. Hello "world" hi
+    // Set false if argval should only be json string. e.g. "Hello \"world\" hi"
+    // Defaults to std::nullopt, both will be allowed.
+    std::optional<bool> raw_argval = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<std::string> last_val_end = std::nullopt;
+    std::optional<std::string> last_tool_end = std::nullopt;
+    bool trim_raw_argval = false;
+    bool allow_toolcall_in_think = false; // TODO: UNTESTED!!!
+};
+
+// make a GBNF that accept any strings except those containing any of the forbidden strings.
+std::string make_gbnf_excluding(std::vector<std::string> forbids);
+
+/**
+ * Build grammar for xml-style tool call
+ * form.scope_start and form.scope_end can be empty.
+ * Requires data.format for model-specific hacks.
+ */
+void build_grammar_xml_tool_call(common_chat_params & data, const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools, const struct xml_tool_call_format & form);

common/chat-parser.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "chat.h"
+#include "chat-parser-xml-toolcall.h"
 #include "json-partial.h"
 #include "regex-partial.h"
 
@@ -119,5 +120,14 @@ class common_chat_msg_parser {
         const std::vector<std::vector<std::string>> & content_paths = {}
     );
 
+    /**
+     * Parse XML-Style tool call for given xml_tool_call_format. Return false for invalid syntax and get the position untouched.
+     * form.scope_start, form.tool_sep and form.scope_end can be empty.
+     */
+    bool try_consume_xml_tool_calls(const struct xml_tool_call_format & form);
+
+    // Parse content uses reasoning and XML-Style tool call
+    void consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(const struct xml_tool_call_format & form, const std::string & start_think = "<think>", const std::string & end_think = "</think>");
+
     void clear_tools();
 };

common/chat.cpp

@@ -313,7 +313,6 @@ json common_chat_msgs_to_json_oaicompat(const std::vector<common_chat_msg> & msg
         }
         if (!msg.reasoning_content.empty()) {
             jmsg["reasoning_content"] = msg.reasoning_content;
-            jmsg["thinking"] = msg.reasoning_content; // gpt-oss
         }
         if (!msg.tool_name.empty()) {
             jmsg["name"] = msg.tool_name;
@@ -644,6 +643,12 @@ const char * common_chat_format_name(common_chat_format format) {
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2: return "Nemotron V2";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APERTUS: return "Apertus";
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LFM2_WITH_JSON_TOOLS: return "LFM2 with JSON tools";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MINIMAX_M2: return "MiniMax-M2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GLM_4_5: return "GLM 4.5";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2: return "Kimi K2";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_QWEN3_CODER_XML: return "Qwen3 Coder";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APRIEL_1_5: return "Apriel 1.5";
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_XIAOMI_MIMO: return "Xiaomi MiMo";
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error("Unknown chat format");
     }
@@ -1808,9 +1813,297 @@ static void common_chat_parse_deepseek_v3_1(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
     }
 }
 
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_minimax_m2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MINIMAX_M2;
+
+    // Handle thinking tags based on prompt ending
+    if (string_ends_with(data.prompt, "<think>\n")) {
+        if (!params.enable_thinking) {
+            // Close the thinking tag immediately if thinking is disabled
+            data.prompt += "</think>\n\n";
+        } else {
+            // Mark thinking as forced open (template started with <think>)
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // Preserve MiniMax-M2 special tokens
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<think>",
+        "</think>",
+        "<minimax:tool_call>",
+        "</minimax:tool_call>",
+    };
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start = */ "<minimax:tool_call>\n",
+        /* form.tool_start  = */ "<invoke name=\"",
+        /* form.tool_sep    = */ "\">\n",
+        /* form.key_start   = */ "<parameter name=\"",
+        /* form.key_val_sep = */ "\">",
+        /* form.val_end     = */ "</parameter>\n",
+        /* form.tool_end    = */ "</invoke>\n",
+        /* form.scope_end   = */ "</minimax:tool_call>",
+    };
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_minimax_m2(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start = */ "<minimax:tool_call>",
+        /* form.tool_start  = */ "<invoke name=\"",
+        /* form.tool_sep    = */ "\">",
+        /* form.key_start   = */ "<parameter name=\"",
+        /* form.key_val_sep = */ "\">",
+        /* form.val_end     = */ "</parameter>",
+        /* form.tool_end    = */ "</invoke>",
+        /* form.scope_end   = */ "</minimax:tool_call>",
+    };
+    builder.consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(form, "<think>", "</think>");
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_qwen3_coder_xml(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_QWEN3_CODER_XML;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<tool_call>",
+        "</tool_call>",
+        "<function=",
+        "</function>",
+        "<parameter=",
+        "</parameter>",
+    };
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start = */ "<tool_call>\n",
+        /* form.tool_start  = */ "<function=",
+        /* form.tool_sep    = */ ">\n",
+        /* form.key_start   = */ "<parameter=",
+        /* form.key_val_sep = */ ">\n",
+        /* form.val_end     = */ "\n</parameter>\n",
+        /* form.tool_end    = */ "</function>\n",
+        /* form.scope_end   = */ "</tool_call>",
+    };
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_qwen3_coder_xml(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "<tool_call>";
+        form.tool_start  = "<function=";
+        form.tool_sep    = ">";
+        form.key_start   = "<parameter=";
+        form.key_val_sep = ">";
+        form.val_end     = "</parameter>";
+        form.tool_end    = "</function>";
+        form.scope_end   = "</tool_call>";
+        form.trim_raw_argval = true;
+        return form;
+    })();
+    builder.consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(form);
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<think>",
+        "</think>",
+        "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>",
+        "<|tool_call_begin|>",
+        "<|tool_call_argument_begin|>",
+        "<|tool_call_end|>",
+        "<|tool_calls_section_end|>",
+        "<|im_end|>",
+        "<|im_system|>",
+        "<|im_middle|>",
+    };
+
+    data.additional_stops.insert(data.additional_stops.end(), {
+        "<|im_end|>",
+        "<|im_middle|>"
+    });
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>";
+        form.tool_start  = "<|tool_call_begin|>";
+        form.tool_sep    = "<|tool_call_argument_begin|>{";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}<|tool_call_end|>";
+        form.scope_end   = "<|tool_calls_section_end|>";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_kimi_k2(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>";
+        form.tool_start  = "<|tool_call_begin|>";
+        form.tool_sep    = "<|tool_call_argument_begin|>{";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}<|tool_call_end|>";
+        form.scope_end   = "<|tool_calls_section_end|>";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    builder.consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(form, "<think>", "</think>");
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_apriel_1_5(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APRIEL_1_5;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<thinking>",
+        "</thinking>",
+        "<tool_calls>",
+        "</tool_calls>",
+    };
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "<tool_calls>[";
+        form.tool_start  = "{\"name\": \"";
+        form.tool_sep    = "\", \"arguments\": {";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}, ";
+        form.scope_end   = "]</tool_calls>";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        form.last_tool_end = "}";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_apriel_1_5(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "<tool_calls>[";
+        form.tool_start  = "{\"name\": \"";
+        form.tool_sep    = "\", \"arguments\": {";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}, ";
+        form.scope_end   = "]</tool_calls>";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        form.last_tool_end = "}";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    builder.consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(form, "<thinking>", "</thinking>");
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_xiaomi_mimo(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & params) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = params.tools.is_array() && !params.tools.empty() && params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    data.prompt = apply(tmpl, params);
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_XIAOMI_MIMO;
+
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<tool_call>",
+        "</tool_call>",
+    };
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "\n";
+        form.tool_start  = "<tool_call>\n{\"name\": \"";
+        form.tool_sep    = "\", \"arguments\": {";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}\n</tool_call>";
+        form.scope_end   = "";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, params.tools, form);
+
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_xiaomi_mimo(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form = ([]() {
+        xml_tool_call_format form {};
+        form.scope_start = "";
+        form.tool_start  = "<tool_call>\n{\"name\": \"";
+        form.tool_sep    = "\", \"arguments\": {";
+        form.key_start   = "\"";
+        form.key_val_sep = "\": ";
+        form.val_end     = ", ";
+        form.tool_end    = "}\n</tool_call>";
+        form.scope_end   = "";
+        form.raw_argval  = false;
+        form.last_val_end = "";
+        return form;
+    })();
+    builder.consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(form);
+}
+
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
-    auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+
+    // Copy reasoning to the "thinking" field as expected by the gpt-oss template
+    auto adjusted_messages = json::array();
+    for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
+        auto has_reasoning_content = msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string();
+        auto has_tool_calls = msg.contains("tool_calls") && msg.at("tool_calls").is_array();
+
+        if (has_reasoning_content && has_tool_calls) {
+            auto adjusted_message = msg;
+            adjusted_message["thinking"] = msg.at("reasoning_content");
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(adjusted_message);
+        } else {
+            adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
+        }
+    }
+
+    auto prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ adjusted_messages);
 
     // Check if we need to replace the return token with end token during
     // inference and without generation prompt. For more details see:
@@ -2026,6 +2319,100 @@ static void common_chat_parse_gpt_oss(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
     }
 }
 
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_glm_4_5(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+    common_chat_params data;
+    data.grammar_lazy = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty() && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED;
+
+    std::string prompt = apply(tmpl, inputs);
+
+    // match the existing trimming behavior
+    if (inputs.add_bos && string_starts_with(prompt, tmpl.bos_token())) {
+        prompt.erase(0, tmpl.bos_token().size());
+    }
+    if (inputs.add_eos && string_ends_with(prompt, tmpl.eos_token())) {
+        prompt.erase(prompt.size() - tmpl.eos_token().size());
+    }
+    if (string_ends_with(prompt, "<think>")) {
+        if (!inputs.enable_thinking) {
+            prompt += "</think>";
+        } else {
+            data.thinking_forced_open = true;
+        }
+    }
+
+    // add GLM preserved tokens
+    data.preserved_tokens = {
+        "<|endoftext|>",
+        "[MASK]",
+        "[gMASK]",
+        "[sMASK]",
+        "<sop>",
+        "<eop>",
+        "<|system|>",
+        "<|user|>",
+        "<|assistant|>",
+        "<|observation|>",
+        "<|begin_of_image|>",
+        "<|end_of_image|>",
+        "<|begin_of_video|>",
+        "<|end_of_video|>",
+        "<|begin_of_audio|>",
+        "<|end_of_audio|>",
+        "<|begin_of_transcription|>",
+        "<|end_of_transcription|>",
+        "<|code_prefix|>",
+        "<|code_middle|>",
+        "<|code_suffix|>",
+        "/nothink",
+        "<think>",
+        "</think>",
+        "<tool_call>",
+        "</tool_call>",
+        "<arg_key>",
+        "</arg_key>",
+        "<arg_value>",
+        "</arg_value>"
+    };
+
+    // extra GLM 4.5 stop word
+    data.additional_stops.insert(data.additional_stops.end(), {
+        "<|user|>",
+        "<|observation|>"
+    });
+
+    // build grammar for tool call
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start = */ "",
+        /* form.tool_start  = */ "\n<tool_call>",
+        /* form.tool_sep    = */ "\n",
+        /* form.key_start   = */ "<arg_key>",
+        /* form.key_val_sep = */ "</arg_key>\n<arg_value>",
+        /* form.val_end     = */ "</arg_value>\n",
+        /* form.tool_end    = */ "</tool_call>\n",
+        /* form.scope_end   = */ "",
+    };
+    build_grammar_xml_tool_call(data, inputs.tools, form);
+
+    data.prompt = prompt;
+    data.format = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GLM_4_5;
+    return data;
+}
+
+static void common_chat_parse_glm_4_5(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start  = */ "",
+        /* form.tool_start   = */ "<tool_call>",
+        /* form.tool_sep     = */ "",
+        /* form.key_start    = */ "<arg_key>",
+        /* form.key_val_sep  = */ "</arg_key>",
+        /* form.val_end      = */ "</arg_value>",
+        /* form.tool_end     = */ "</tool_call>",
+        /* form.scope_end    = */ "",
+        /* form.key_val_sep2 = */ "<arg_value>",
+    };
+    builder.consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(form, "<think>", "</think>");
+}
+
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_firefunction_v2(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
     LOG_DBG("%s\n", __func__);
     common_chat_params data;
@@ -2689,91 +3076,17 @@ static void common_chat_parse_lfm2(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
 }
 
 static void common_chat_parse_seed_oss(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
-    // Parse thinking tags first - this handles the main reasoning content
-    builder.try_parse_reasoning("<seed:think>", "</seed:think>");
-
-    if (!builder.syntax().parse_tool_calls) {
-        builder.add_content(builder.consume_rest());
-        return;
-    }
-
-    // Parse tool calls - Seed-OSS uses <seed:tool_call> format
-    static const common_regex tool_call_begin_regex("<seed:tool_call>");
-    static const common_regex tool_call_end_regex("</seed:tool_call>");
-    static const common_regex function_regex("<function=([^>]+)>");
-    static const common_regex param_regex("<parameter=([^>]+)>");
-
-    while (auto tool_res = builder.try_find_regex(tool_call_begin_regex)) {
-        builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after <seed:tool_call>
-
-        // Look for function call inside tool call, ignore any content before it
-        if (auto func_res = builder.try_find_regex(function_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
-            auto function_name = builder.str(func_res->groups[1]);
-
-            // Parse Seed-OSS parameters <parameter=name>value</parameter>
-            json args = json::object();
-            // Parse all parameters
-            while (auto param_res = builder.try_find_regex(param_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
-                // again, ignore noise around parameters
-                auto param_name = builder.str(param_res->groups[1]);
-                builder.move_to(param_res->groups[0].end);
-                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after parameter
-                auto savedPos = builder.pos();
-                if (auto param_parse = builder.try_find_literal("</parameter>")) {
-                    auto param = param_parse->prelude;
-                    builder.move_to(savedPos);
-                    try {
-                        if (auto param_res = builder.try_consume_json()) {
-                            args[param_name] = param_res->json;
-                        } else {
-                            args[param_name] = param;
-                        }
-                    } catch (json::exception &) {
-                        args[param_name] = param;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool parameter");
-                }
-            }
-            // Look for closing function tag
-            auto end_func = builder.try_find_literal("</function>");
-            if (end_func) {
-                builder.move_to(end_func->groups[0].end);
-                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume whitespace after </function>
-
-                // Add the tool call with parsed arguments, but only if we REALLY got the literal
-                auto eaten_fragment = builder.input().substr(end_func->groups[0].begin, end_func->groups[0].end);
-                auto funlen = std::string("</function>").length();
-                if (eaten_fragment.length() >= funlen && eaten_fragment.substr(0, funlen) == std::string("</function>")) {
-                    if (!builder.add_tool_call(function_name, "", args.dump())) {
-                        throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
-                }
-            } else {
-                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
-            }
-            // Look for closing tool call tag
-            if (auto end_tool = builder.try_find_regex(tool_call_end_regex, std::string::npos, false)) {
-                builder.move_to(end_tool->groups[0].end);
-                builder.consume_spaces();  // Consume trailing whitespace after tool call
-            } else {
-                throw common_chat_msg_partial_exception("Incomplete tool call");
-            }
-        } else {
-            // No function found - don't consume content here, let it be handled at the end
-            break;
-        }
-    }
-
-    // Consume any remaining whitespace after all tool call processing
-    builder.consume_spaces();
-    auto remaining = builder.consume_rest();
-    // If there's any non-whitespace content remaining, add it as content
-    if (!string_strip(remaining).empty()) {
-        builder.add_content(remaining);
-    }
+    static const xml_tool_call_format form {
+        /* form.scope_start = */ "<seed:tool_call>",
+        /* form.tool_start  = */ "<function=",
+        /* form.tool_sep    = */ ">",
+        /* form.key_start   = */ "<parameter=",
+        /* form.key_val_sep = */ ">",
+        /* form.val_end     = */ "</parameter>",
+        /* form.tool_end    = */ "</function>",
+        /* form.scope_end   = */ "</seed:tool_call>",
+    };
+    builder.consume_reasoning_with_xml_tool_calls(form, "<seed:think>", "</seed:think>");
 }
 
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_without_tools(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const struct templates_params & inputs) {
@@ -2912,6 +3225,35 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
         return common_chat_params_init_granite(tmpl, params);
     }
 
+    // GLM 4.5: detect by <arg_key> and <arg_value> tags (check before Hermes since both use <tool_call>)
+    if (src.find("[gMASK]<sop>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<arg_key>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<arg_value>") != std::string::npos &&
+        params.json_schema.is_null()) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_glm_4_5(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Qwen3-Coder XML format detection (must come before Hermes 2 Pro)
+    // Detect via explicit XML markers unique to Qwen3-Coder to avoid false positives in other templates.
+    // Require presence of <tool_call>, <function=...>, and <parameter=...> blocks.
+    if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<function>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<function=") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<parameters>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<parameter=") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_qwen3_coder_xml(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Xiaomi MiMo format detection (must come before Hermes 2 Pro)
+    if (src.find("<tools>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("# Tools") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("</tools>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<tool_calls>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("</tool_calls>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<tool_response>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_xiaomi_mimo(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
     // Hermes 2/3 Pro, Qwen 2.5 Instruct (w/ tools)
     if (src.find("<tool_call>") != std::string::npos && params.json_schema.is_null()) {
         return common_chat_params_init_hermes_2_pro(tmpl, params);
@@ -2943,6 +3285,29 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(
         return common_chat_params_init_lfm2(tmpl, params);
     }
 
+    // MiniMax-M2 format detection
+    if (src.find("]~!b[") != std::string::npos && src.find("]~b]") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_minimax_m2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Kimi K2 format detection
+    if (src.find("<|im_system|>tool_declare<|im_middle|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_calls_section_begin|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("## Return of") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    // Apriel 1.5 format detection
+    if (src.find("<thinking>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("</thinking>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<available_tools>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|assistant|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|tool_result|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<tool_calls>[") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("]</tool_calls>") != std::string::npos) {
+        return common_chat_params_init_apriel_1_5(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
     // Use generic handler when mixing tools + JSON schema.
     // TODO: support that mix in handlers below.
     if ((params.tools.is_array() && params.json_schema.is_object())) {
@@ -2994,7 +3359,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_legacy(
     const struct common_chat_templates * tmpls,
     const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs)
 {
-    int alloc_size = 0;
+    size_t alloc_size = 0;
     std::vector<llama_chat_message> chat;
     std::vector<std::string> contents;
 
@@ -3016,7 +3381,8 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_legacy(
         const auto & msg = inputs.messages[i];
         const auto & content = contents[i];
         chat.push_back({msg.role.c_str(), content.c_str()});
-        alloc_size += (msg.role.size() + content.size()) * 1.25;
+        size_t msg_size = msg.role.size() + content.size();
+        alloc_size += msg_size + (msg_size / 4); // == msg_size * 1.25 but avoiding float ops
     }
 
     std::vector<char> buf(alloc_size);
@@ -3038,6 +3404,11 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_legacy(
         res = llama_chat_apply_template(src.c_str(), chat.data(), chat.size(), inputs.add_generation_prompt, buf.data(), buf.size());
     }
 
+    // for safety, we check the result again
+    if (res < 0 || (size_t) res > buf.size()) {
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to apply chat template, try using --jinja");
+    }
+
     common_chat_params params;
     params.prompt = std::string(buf.data(), res);
     if (!inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
@@ -3124,6 +3495,24 @@ static void common_chat_parse(common_chat_msg_parser & builder) {
         case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LFM2_WITH_JSON_TOOLS:
             common_chat_parse_lfm2(builder);
             break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MINIMAX_M2:
+            common_chat_parse_minimax_m2(builder);
+            break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GLM_4_5:
+            common_chat_parse_glm_4_5(builder);
+            break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2:
+            common_chat_parse_kimi_k2(builder);
+            break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_QWEN3_CODER_XML:
+            common_chat_parse_qwen3_coder_xml(builder);
+            break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APRIEL_1_5:
+            common_chat_parse_apriel_1_5(builder);
+            break;
+        case COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_XIAOMI_MIMO:
+            common_chat_parse_xiaomi_mimo(builder);
+            break;
         default:
             throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Unsupported format: ") + common_chat_format_name(builder.syntax().format));
     }

common/chat.h

@@ -117,6 +117,12 @@ enum common_chat_format {
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_NEMOTRON_V2,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APERTUS,
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_LFM2_WITH_JSON_TOOLS,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_GLM_4_5,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_MINIMAX_M2,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_KIMI_K2,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_QWEN3_CODER_XML,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_APRIEL_1_5,
+    COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_XIAOMI_MIMO,
 
     COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_COUNT, // Not a format, just the # formats
 };

common/common.cpp

@@ -355,11 +355,7 @@ bool parse_cpu_mask(const std::string & mask, bool (&boolmask)[GGML_MAX_N_THREAD
 }
 
 void common_init() {
-    llama_log_set([](ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * /*user_data*/) {
-        if (LOG_DEFAULT_LLAMA <= common_log_verbosity_thold) {
-            common_log_add(common_log_main(), level, "%s", text);
-        }
-    }, NULL);
+    llama_log_set(common_log_default_callback, NULL);
 
 #ifdef NDEBUG
     const char * build_type = "";
@@ -908,6 +904,39 @@ std::string fs_get_cache_file(const std::string & filename) {
     return cache_directory + filename;
 }
 
+std::vector<common_file_info> fs_list_files(const std::string & path) {
+    std::vector<common_file_info> files;
+    if (path.empty()) return files;
+
+    std::filesystem::path dir(path);
+    if (!std::filesystem::exists(dir) || !std::filesystem::is_directory(dir)) {
+        return files;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & entry : std::filesystem::directory_iterator(dir)) {
+        try {
+            // Only include regular files (skip directories)
+            const auto & p = entry.path();
+            if (std::filesystem::is_regular_file(p)) {
+                common_file_info info;
+                info.path = p.string();
+                info.name = p.filename().string();
+                try {
+                    info.size = static_cast<size_t>(std::filesystem::file_size(p));
+                } catch (const std::filesystem::filesystem_error &) {
+                    info.size = 0;
+                }
+                files.push_back(std::move(info));
+            }
+        } catch (const std::filesystem::filesystem_error &) {
+            // skip entries we cannot inspect
+            continue;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return files;
+}
+
 
 //
 // Model utils

common/common.h

@@ -406,6 +406,8 @@ struct common_params {
     bool mmproj_use_gpu = true;     // use GPU for multimodal model
     bool no_mmproj = false;         // explicitly disable multimodal model
     std::vector<std::string> image; // path to image file(s)
+    int image_min_tokens = -1;
+    int image_max_tokens = -1;
 
     // finetune
     struct lr_opt lr;
@@ -458,7 +460,8 @@ struct common_params {
     float slot_prompt_similarity = 0.1f;
 
     // batched-bench params
-    bool is_pp_shared = false;
+    bool is_pp_shared   = false;
+    bool is_tg_separate = false;
 
     std::vector<int32_t> n_pp;
     std::vector<int32_t> n_tg;
@@ -505,6 +508,10 @@ struct common_params {
     // return false from callback to abort model loading or true to continue
     llama_progress_callback load_progress_callback = NULL;
     void *                  load_progress_callback_user_data = NULL;
+
+    bool has_speculative() const {
+        return !speculative.model.path.empty() || !speculative.model.hf_repo.empty();
+    }
 };
 
 // call once at the start of a program if it uses libcommon
@@ -605,6 +612,13 @@ bool fs_create_directory_with_parents(const std::string & path);
 std::string fs_get_cache_directory();
 std::string fs_get_cache_file(const std::string & filename);
 
+struct common_file_info {
+    std::string path;
+    std::string name;
+    size_t      size = 0; // in bytes
+};
+std::vector<common_file_info> fs_list_files(const std::string & path);
+
 //
 // Model utils
 //

common/download.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+
+struct common_params_model;
+
+//
+// download functionalities
+//
+
+struct common_cached_model_info {
+    std::string manifest_path;
+    std::string user;
+    std::string model;
+    std::string tag;
+    size_t      size = 0; // GGUF size in bytes
+    std::string to_string() const {
+        return user + "/" + model + ":" + tag;
+    }
+};
+
+struct common_hf_file_res {
+    std::string repo; // repo name with ":tag" removed
+    std::string ggufFile;
+    std::string mmprojFile;
+};
+
+/**
+ * Allow getting the HF file from the HF repo with tag (like ollama), for example:
+ * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:q4
+ * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M
+ * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:q5_k_s
+ * Tag is optional, default to "latest" (meaning it checks for Q4_K_M first, then Q4, then if not found, return the first GGUF file in repo)
+ *
+ * Return pair of <repo, file> (with "repo" already having tag removed)
+ *
+ * Note: we use the Ollama-compatible HF API, but not using the blobId. Instead, we use the special "ggufFile" field which returns the value for "hf_file". This is done to be backward-compatible with existing cache files.
+ */
+common_hf_file_res common_get_hf_file(
+    const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag,
+    const std::string & bearer_token,
+    bool offline);
+
+// returns true if download succeeded
+bool common_download_model(
+    const common_params_model & model,
+    const std::string & bearer_token,
+    bool offline);
+
+// returns list of cached models
+std::vector<common_cached_model_info> common_list_cached_models();
+
+// resolve and download model from Docker registry
+// return local path to downloaded model file
+std::string common_docker_resolve_model(const std::string & docker);

common/json-partial.cpp

@@ -297,8 +297,25 @@ bool common_json_parse(
             it = temptative_end;
             return true;
         }
-        // TODO: handle unclosed top-level primitive if the stack was empty but we got an error (e.g. "tru", "\"", etc...)
-        // fprintf(stderr, "Closing: TODO\n");
+        // handle unclosed top-level primitive
+        if (err_loc.position != 0 && !healing_marker.empty() && err_loc.stack.empty()) {
+            std::string str(it, temptative_end);
+            const auto & magic_seed = out.healing_marker.marker = healing_marker;
+            if (can_parse(str + "\"")) {
+                // Was inside an string
+                str += (out.healing_marker.json_dump_marker = magic_seed) + "\"";
+            } else if (str[str.length() - 1] == '\\' && can_parse(str + "\\\"")) {
+                // Was inside an string after an escape
+                str += (out.healing_marker.json_dump_marker = "\\" + magic_seed) + "\"";
+            } else {
+                // TODO: handle more unclosed top-level primitive if the stack was empty but we got an error (e.g. "tru", "\"", etc...)
+                // fprintf(stderr, "Closing: TODO\n");
+                return false;
+            }
+            out.json = json::parse(str);
+            it = temptative_end;
+            return true;
+        }
         return false;
     }
     out.json = json::parse(it, end);

common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp

@@ -303,6 +303,8 @@ static std::string format_literal(const std::string & literal) {
     return "\"" + escaped + "\"";
 }
 
+std::string gbnf_format_literal(const std::string & literal) { return format_literal(literal); }
+
 class SchemaConverter {
 private:
     friend std::string build_grammar(const std::function<void(const common_grammar_builder &)> & cb, const common_grammar_options & options);

common/json-schema-to-grammar.h

@@ -18,4 +18,6 @@ struct common_grammar_options {
     bool dotall = false;
 };
 
+std::string gbnf_format_literal(const std::string & literal);
+
 std::string build_grammar(const std::function<void(const common_grammar_builder &)> & cb, const common_grammar_options & options = {});

common/log.cpp

@@ -442,3 +442,9 @@ void common_log_set_prefix(struct common_log * log, bool prefix) {
 void common_log_set_timestamps(struct common_log * log, bool timestamps) {
     log->set_timestamps(timestamps);
 }
+
+void common_log_default_callback(enum ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * /*user_data*/) {
+    if (LOG_DEFAULT_LLAMA <= common_log_verbosity_thold) {
+        common_log_add(common_log_main(), level, "%s", text);
+    }
+}

common/log.h

@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ extern int common_log_verbosity_thold;
 
 void common_log_set_verbosity_thold(int verbosity); // not thread-safe
 
+void common_log_default_callback(enum ggml_log_level level, const char * text, void * user_data);
+
 // the common_log uses an internal worker thread to print/write log messages
 // when the worker thread is paused, incoming log messages are discarded
 struct common_log;

convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py

@@ -139,8 +139,10 @@ models = [
     {"name": "lfm2",             "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LiquidAI/LFM2-Tokenizer"},
     {"name": "exaone4",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/LGAI-EXAONE/EXAONE-4.0-32B", },
     {"name": "mellum",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/JetBrains/Mellum-4b-base", },
+    {"name": "afmoe",            "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/arcee-ai/Trinity-Tokenizer", },
     {"name": "bailingmoe2",      "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/inclusionAI/Ling-mini-base-2.0", },
     {"name": "granite-docling",  "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/ibm-granite/granite-docling-258M", },
+    {"name": "minimax-m2",       "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/MiniMaxAI/MiniMax-M2", },
 ]
 
 # some models are known to be broken upstream, so we will skip them as exceptions
@@ -435,7 +437,7 @@ for model in models:
             tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(f"models/tokenizers/{name}", use_fast=False)
         else:
             tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(f"models/tokenizers/{name}")
-    except OSError as e:
+    except (OSError, TypeError) as e:
         logger.error(f"Failed to load tokenizer for model {name}. Error: {e}")
         continue  # Skip this model and continue with the next one in the loop
 

docs/backend/CANN.md

@@ -313,7 +313,12 @@ Converting the matmul weight format from ND to NZ to improve performance. Enable
 
 ### GGML_CANN_ACL_GRAPH
 
-Operators are executed using ACL graph execution, rather than in op-by-op (eager) mode. Enabled by default.
+Operators are executed using ACL graph execution, rather than in op-by-op (eager) mode. Enabled by default. This option is only effective if `USE_ACL_GRAPH` was enabled at compilation time. To enable it, recompile using:
+
+```sh
+cmake -B build -DGGML_CANN=on -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=release -DUSE_ACL_GRAPH=ON
+cmake --build build --config release
+```
 
 ### GGML_CANN_GRAPH_CACHE_CAPACITY
 

docs/backend/OPENCL.md

@@ -39,18 +39,23 @@ The llama.cpp OpenCL backend is designed to enable llama.cpp on **Qualcomm Adren
 | Adreno 830 (Snapdragon 8 Elite)      | Support |
 | Adreno X85 (Snapdragon X Elite)      | Support |
 
+> A6x GPUs with a recent driver and compiler are supported; they are usually found in IoT platforms.
+However, A6x GPUs in phones are likely not supported due to the outdated driver and compiler.
+
 ## DataType Supports
 
 | DataType               | Status                     |
 |:----------------------:|:--------------------------:|
 | Q4_0                   | Support                    |
 | Q6_K                   | Support, but not optimized |
+| Q8_0                   | Support                    |
+| MXFP4                  | Support                    |
 
 ## Model Preparation
 
-You can refer to the general [*Prepare and Quantize*](README.md#prepare-and-quantize) guide for model prepration.
+You can refer to the general [llama-quantize tool](/tools/quantize/README.md) for steps to convert a model in Hugging Face safetensor format to GGUF with quantization.
 
-Currently we support `Q4_0` quantization and have optimize for it. To achieve best performance on Adreno GPU, add `--pure` to `llama-quantize`. For example,
+Currently we support `Q4_0` quantization and have optimized for it. To achieve best performance on Adreno GPU, add `--pure` to `llama-quantize` (i.e., make all weights in `Q4_0`). For example,
 
 ```sh
 ./llama-quantize --pure ggml-model-qwen2.5-3b-f16.gguf ggml-model-qwen-3b-Q4_0.gguf Q4_0
@@ -58,6 +63,17 @@ Currently we support `Q4_0` quantization and have optimize for it. To achieve be
 
 Since `Q6_K` is also supported, `Q4_0` quantization without `--pure` will also work. However, the performance will be worse compared to pure `Q4_0` quantization.
 
+### `MXFP4` MoE Models
+
+OpenAI gpt-oss models are MoE models in `MXFP4`. The quantized model will be in `MXFP4_MOE`, a mixture of `MXFP4` and `Q8_0`.
+For this quantization, there is no need to specify `--pure`.
+For gpt-oss-20b model, you can directly [download](https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/gpt-oss-20b-GGUF) the quantized GGUF file in `MXFP4_MOE` from Hugging Face.
+
+Although it is possible to quantize gpt-oss-20b model in pure `Q4_0` (all weights in `Q4_0`), it is not recommended since `MXFP4` has been optimized for MoE while `Q4_0` is not. In addition, accuracy should degrade with such pure `Q4_0` quantization.
+Hence, using the default `MXFP4_MOE` quantization (see the link above) is recommended for this model.
+
+> Note that the `Q4_0` model found [here](https://huggingface.co/unsloth/gpt-oss-20b-GGUF/blob/main/gpt-oss-20b-Q4_0.gguf) is a mixture of `Q4_0`, `Q8_0` and `MXFP4` and gives better performance than `MXFP4_MOE` quantization.
+
 ## CMake Options
 
 The OpenCL backend has the following CMake options that control the behavior of the backend.
@@ -146,10 +162,13 @@ A Snapdragon X Elite device with Windows 11 Arm64 is used. Make sure the followi
 * Ninja
 * Visual Studio 2022
 * Powershell 7
+* Python
 
 Visual Studio provides necessary headers and libraries although it is not directly used for building.
 Alternatively, Visual Studio Build Tools can be installed instead of the full Visual Studio.
 
+> Note that building using Visual Studio's cl compiler is not supported. Clang must be used. Clang depends on libraries provided by Visual Studio to work. Therefore, Visual Studio must be installed. Alternatively, Visual Studio Build Tools can be installed instead of the full Visual Studio.
+
 Powershell 7 is used for the following commands.
 If an older version of Powershell is used, these commands may not work as they are.
 
@@ -201,9 +220,12 @@ ninja
 
 ## Known Issues
 
-- Currently OpenCL backend does not work on Adreno 6xx GPUs.
+- Flash attention does not always improve performance.
+- Currently OpenCL backend works on A6xx GPUs with recent drivers and compilers (usually found in IoT platforms).
+  However, it does not work on A6xx GPUs found in phones with old drivers and compilers.
 
 ## TODO
 
 - Optimization for Q6_K
 - Support and optimization for Q4_K
+- Improve flash attention

docs/build.md

@@ -178,6 +178,48 @@ GeForce RTX 3070      8.6
 cmake -B build -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_ARCHITECTURES="86;89"
 ```
 
+### Overriding the CUDA Version
+
+If you have multiple CUDA installations on your system and want to compile llama.cpp for a specific one, e.g. for CUDA 11.7 installed under `/opt/cuda-11.7`:
+
+```bash
+cmake -B build -DGGML_CUDA=ON -DCMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER=/opt/cuda-11.7/bin/nvcc -DCMAKE_INSTALL_RPATH="/opt/cuda-11.7/lib64;\$ORIGIN" -DCMAKE_BUILD_WITH_INSTALL_RPATH=ON
+```
+
+#### Fixing Compatibility Issues with Old CUDA and New glibc
+
+If you try to use an old CUDA version (e.g. v11.7) with a new glibc version you can get errors like this:
+
+```
+/usr/include/bits/mathcalls.h(83): error: exception specification is
+  incompatible with that of previous function "cospi"
+
+
+  /opt/cuda-11.7/bin/../targets/x86_64-linux/include/crt/math_functions.h(5545):
+  here
+```
+
+It seems the least bad solution is to patch the CUDA installation to declare the correct signatures.
+Replace the following lines in `/path/to/your/cuda/installation/targets/x86_64-linux/include/crt/math_functions.h`:
+
+```C++
+// original lines
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ double                 cospi(double x);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ float                  cospif(float x);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ double                 sinpi(double x);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ float                  sinpif(float x);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ double                 rsqrt(double x);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ float                  rsqrtf(float x);
+
+// edited lines
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ double                 cospi(double x) noexcept (true);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ float                  cospif(float x) noexcept (true);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ double                 sinpi(double x) noexcept (true);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ float                  sinpif(float x) noexcept (true);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ double                 rsqrt(double x) noexcept (true);
+extern __DEVICE_FUNCTIONS_DECL__ __device_builtin__ float                  rsqrtf(float x) noexcept (true);
+```
+
 ### Runtime CUDA environmental variables
 
 You may set the [cuda environmental variables](https://docs.nvidia.com/cuda/cuda-c-programming-guide/index.html#env-vars) at runtime.

docs/docker.md

@@ -7,9 +7,9 @@
 ## Images
 We have three Docker images available for this project:
 
-1. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full`: This image includes both the main executable file and the tools to convert LLaMA models into ggml and convert into 4-bit quantization. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
-2. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light`: This image only includes the main executable file. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
-3. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server`: This image only includes the server executable file. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+1. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full`: This image includes both the main executable file and the tools to convert LLaMA models into ggml and convert into 4-bit quantization. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`, `linux/s390x`)
+2. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light`: This image only includes the main executable file. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`, `linux/s390x`)
+3. `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server`: This image only includes the server executable file. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`, `linux/s390x`)
 
 Additionally, there the following images, similar to the above:
 

docs/ops.md

@@ -14,103 +14,108 @@ Legend:
 
 | Operation | BLAS | CANN | CPU | CUDA | Metal | OpenCL | SYCL | Vulkan | zDNN |
 |-----------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
-|                              ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                              ACC | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                              ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                             ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                           ADD_ID | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                           ARANGE | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                           ADD_ID | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                           ARANGE | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                           ARGMAX | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                          ARGSORT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                             CEIL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                            CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                           CONCAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                          ARGSORT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             CEIL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                            CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                           CONCAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                             CONT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                          CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                          CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                       CONV_2D_DW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                          CONV_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          CONV_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              COS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              COS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                      COUNT_EQUAL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                              CPY | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |               CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |          CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                           CUMSUM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                    DIAG_MASK_INF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                              DIV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                              DUP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                              ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                            EXPM1 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             FILL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                   FLASH_ATTN_EXT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                            FLOOR | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                            FLOOR | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                GATED_LINEAR_ATTN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            GEGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                        GEGLU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                      GEGLU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                             GELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                         GELU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                       GELU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             GELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                         GELU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                       GELU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                         GET_ROWS | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                    GET_ROWS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                       GROUP_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|               GROUP_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                      HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                        HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|               GROUP_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                      HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                        HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                           IM2COL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                        IM2COL_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                        IM2COL_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                          L2_NORM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                       LEAKY_RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                              LOG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             MEAN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                       LEAKY_RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                              LOG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                             MEAN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                              MUL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                          MUL_MAT | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
 |                       MUL_MAT_ID | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                              NEG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              NEG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                             NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                     NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                     NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                   OPT_STEP_ADAMW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                     OPT_STEP_SGD | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                     OPT_STEP_SGD | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                         OUT_PROD | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              PAD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                   PAD_REFLECT_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              PAD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                   PAD_REFLECT_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                          POOL_2D | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                            REGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                             RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                           REPEAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                      REPEAT_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                      REPEAT_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                         RMS_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                    RMS_NORM_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                 RMS_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                             ROLL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                 RMS_NORM_MUL_ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             ROLL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                             ROPE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                        ROPE_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                            ROUND | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                            ROUND | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                        RWKV_WKV6 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                        RWKV_WKV7 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                            SCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                              SET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SET_ROWS | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                              SGN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          SIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                             SILU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                              SGN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          SIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             SILU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                        SILU_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                              SIN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                          SOFTCAP | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SIN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                          SOFTCAP | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SOFTPLUS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                         SOFT_MAX | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                    SOFT_MAX_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                        SOLVE_TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                              SUB | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                              SUM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                         SUM_ROWS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
+|                              SUM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                         SUM_ROWS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
 |                           SWIGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
-|                       SWIGLU_OAI | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             TANH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                       SWIGLU_OAI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ |
+|                             TANH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |               TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                         TOPK_MOE | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                            TRUNC | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                            TRUNC | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ |
 |                          UPSCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ |
-|                            XIELU | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                            XIELU | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |

examples/gguf/gguf.cpp

@@ -184,8 +184,13 @@ static bool gguf_ex_read_1(const std::string & fname, bool check_data) {
             const char * name   = gguf_get_tensor_name  (ctx, i);
             const size_t size   = gguf_get_tensor_size  (ctx, i);
             const size_t offset = gguf_get_tensor_offset(ctx, i);
+            const auto   type   = gguf_get_tensor_type  (ctx, i);
 
-            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: name = %s, size = %zu, offset = %zu\n", __func__, i, name, size, offset);
+            const char * type_name  = ggml_type_name(type);
+            const size_t type_size  = ggml_type_size(type);
+            const size_t n_elements = size / type_size;
+
+            printf("%s: tensor[%d]: name = %s, size = %zu, offset = %zu, type = %s, n_elts = %zu\n", __func__, i, name, size, offset, type_name, n_elements);
         }
     }
 

examples/model-conversion/scripts/causal/run-org-model.py

@@ -138,6 +138,9 @@ if model_path is None:
         "Model path must be specified either via --model-path argument or MODEL_PATH environment variable"
     )
 
+
+print("Loading model and tokenizer using AutoTokenizer:", model_path)
+tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
 config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
 
 print("Model type:       ", config.model_type)
@@ -147,10 +150,6 @@ print("Number of layers: ", config.num_hidden_layers)
 print("BOS token id:     ", config.bos_token_id)
 print("EOS token id:     ", config.eos_token_id)
 
-print("Loading model and tokenizer using AutoTokenizer:", model_path)
-tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
-config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(model_path, trust_remote_code=True)
-
 if unreleased_model_name:
     model_name_lower = unreleased_model_name.lower()
     unreleased_module_path = (
@@ -171,7 +170,7 @@ if unreleased_model_name:
         exit(1)
 else:
     model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(
-        model_path, device_map="auto", offload_folder="offload", trust_remote_code=True
+        model_path, device_map="auto", offload_folder="offload", trust_remote_code=True, config=config
     )
 
 for name, module in model.named_modules():

ggml/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ option(GGML_RV_ZFH           "ggml: enable riscv zfh"        ON)
 option(GGML_RV_ZVFH          "ggml: enable riscv zvfh"       ON)
 option(GGML_RV_ZICBOP        "ggml: enable riscv zicbop"     ON)
 option(GGML_XTHEADVECTOR     "ggml: enable xtheadvector"     OFF)
-option(GGML_VXE              "ggml: enable vxe"              ON)
+option(GGML_VXE              "ggml: enable vxe"              ${GGML_NATIVE})
 
 option(GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS "ggml: build all variants of the CPU backend (requires GGML_BACKEND_DL)" OFF)
 set(GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH        "" CACHE STRING "ggml: CPU architecture for ARM")

ggml/include/ggml.h

@@ -242,6 +242,7 @@
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX   2
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_MROPE  8
 #define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION 24
+#define GGML_ROPE_TYPE_IMROPE 40 // binary: 101000
 
 #define GGML_MROPE_SECTIONS   4
 
@@ -474,6 +475,7 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_COS,
         GGML_OP_SUM,
         GGML_OP_SUM_ROWS,
+        GGML_OP_CUMSUM,
         GGML_OP_MEAN,
         GGML_OP_ARGMAX,
         GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL,
@@ -529,6 +531,8 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING,
         GGML_OP_ARGSORT,
         GGML_OP_LEAKY_RELU,
+        GGML_OP_TRI,
+        GGML_OP_FILL,
 
         GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT,
         GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_BACK,
@@ -541,6 +545,7 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV6,
         GGML_OP_GATED_LINEAR_ATTN,
         GGML_OP_RWKV_WKV7,
+        GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI,
 
         GGML_OP_UNARY,
 
@@ -575,6 +580,8 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1,
+        GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_ERF,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU,
         GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR,
@@ -619,6 +626,13 @@ extern "C" {
         GGML_TENSOR_FLAG_LOSS   =  8, // ...defines loss for numerical optimization (multiple loss tensors add up)
     };
 
+    enum ggml_tri_type {
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER_DIAG = 0,
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_UPPER      = 1,
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER_DIAG = 2,
+        GGML_TRI_TYPE_LOWER      = 3
+    };
+
     struct ggml_init_params {
         // memory pool
         size_t mem_size;   // bytes
@@ -956,6 +970,22 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_expm1(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_expm1_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_softplus(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_softplus_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_sin(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
@@ -982,6 +1012,10 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
             struct ggml_tensor  * a);
 
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_cumsum(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a);
+
     // mean along rows
     GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_mean(
             struct ggml_context * ctx,
@@ -2107,6 +2141,7 @@ extern "C" {
     enum ggml_scale_mode {
         GGML_SCALE_MODE_NEAREST  = 0,
         GGML_SCALE_MODE_BILINEAR = 1,
+        GGML_SCALE_MODE_BICUBIC  = 2,
 
         GGML_SCALE_MODE_COUNT
     };
@@ -2185,6 +2220,23 @@ extern "C" {
             int                   shift2,
             int                   shift3);
 
+    // Convert matrix into a triangular one (upper, strict upper, lower or strict lower) by writing
+    // zeroes everywhere outside the masked area
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_tri(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            enum ggml_tri_type    type);
+
+    // Fill tensor a with constant c
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_fill(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            float                 c);
+
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_fill_inplace(
+            struct ggml_context * ctx,
+            struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+            float                 c);
 
     // Ref: https://github.com/CompVis/stable-diffusion/blob/main/ldm/modules/diffusionmodules/util.py#L151
     // timesteps: [N,]
@@ -2354,6 +2406,27 @@ extern "C" {
             struct ggml_tensor  * b,
             struct ggml_tensor  * state);
 
+    /* Solves a specific equation of the form Ax=B, where A is a triangular matrix
+    *  without zeroes on the diagonal (i.e. invertible).
+    *  B can have any number of columns, but must have the same number of rows as A
+    *  If A is [n, n] and B is [n, m], then the result will be [n, m] as well
+    *  Has O(n^3) complexity (unlike most matrix ops out there), so use on cases
+    *  where n > 100 sparingly, pre-chunk if necessary.
+    *
+    *  If left = false, solves xA=B instead
+    *  If lower = false, assumes upper triangular instead
+    *  If uni = true, assumes diagonal of A to be all ones (will override actual values)
+    *
+    *  TODO: currently only lower, right, non-unitriangular variant is implemented
+    */
+    GGML_API struct ggml_tensor * ggml_solve_tri(
+        struct ggml_context * ctx,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * a,
+        struct ggml_tensor  * b,
+        bool                  left,
+        bool                  lower,
+        bool                  uni);
+
     // custom operators
 
     typedef void (*ggml_custom1_op_t)(struct ggml_tensor * dst , const struct ggml_tensor * a, int ith, int nth, void * userdata);

ggml/src/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -211,6 +211,11 @@ add_library(ggml-base
             ggml-quants.h
             gguf.cpp)
 
+set_target_properties(ggml-base PROPERTIES
+    VERSION ${GGML_VERSION}
+    SOVERSION ${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}
+)
+
 target_include_directories(ggml-base PRIVATE .)
 if (GGML_BACKEND_DL)
     target_compile_definitions(ggml-base PUBLIC GGML_BACKEND_DL)
@@ -220,6 +225,11 @@ add_library(ggml
             ggml-backend-reg.cpp)
 add_library(ggml::ggml ALIAS ggml)
 
+set_target_properties(ggml PROPERTIES
+    VERSION ${GGML_VERSION}
+    SOVERSION ${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}
+)
+
 if (GGML_BACKEND_DIR)
     if (NOT GGML_BACKEND_DL)
         message(FATAL_ERROR "GGML_BACKEND_DIR requires GGML_BACKEND_DL")
@@ -259,6 +269,12 @@ function(ggml_add_backend_library backend)
         target_compile_definitions(${backend} PUBLIC  GGML_BACKEND_SHARED)
     endif()
 
+    # Set versioning properties for all backend libraries
+    set_target_properties(${backend} PROPERTIES
+        VERSION ${GGML_VERSION}
+        SOVERSION ${GGML_VERSION_MAJOR}
+    )
+
     if(NOT GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS)
         set(GGML_AVAILABLE_BACKENDS "${backend}"
             CACHE INTERNAL "List of backends for cmake package")
@@ -308,6 +324,10 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant tag_name)
             set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} ON)
         endforeach()
     elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "s390x")
+        foreach (feat VXE2 NNPA)
+            set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} OFF)
+        endforeach()
+
         foreach (feat ${ARGN})
             set(GGML_INTERNAL_${feat} ON)
         endforeach()
@@ -377,9 +397,8 @@ if (GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS)
         endif()
     elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "s390x")
         if (CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME MATCHES "Linux")
-            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(s390x_z15  Z15 VXE)
-            # ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(s390x_z16  Z16 VXE)
-            # ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(s390x_z17  Z17 VXE)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(z15    Z15 VXE2)
+            ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant(z16    Z16 VXE2 NNPA)
         else()
             message(FATAL_ERROR "Unsupported s390x target OS: ${CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME}")
         endif()

ggml/src/ggml-backend.cpp

@@ -1698,8 +1698,6 @@ bool ggml_backend_sched_reserve(ggml_backend_sched_t sched, struct ggml_cgraph *
     GGML_ASSERT(sched);
     GGML_ASSERT((int)sched->hash_set.size >= measure_graph->n_nodes + measure_graph->n_leafs);
 
-    ggml_backend_sched_reset(sched);
-
     ggml_backend_sched_synchronize(sched);
 
     ggml_backend_sched_split_graph(sched, measure_graph);

ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.cpp

@@ -48,15 +48,14 @@ aclDataType ggml_cann_type_mapping(ggml_type type) {
         default:
             return ACL_DT_UNDEFINED;
     }
-    return ACL_DT_UNDEFINED;
 }
 
-aclTensor * ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
-                                    int64_t *           ne,
-                                    size_t *            nb,
-                                    int64_t             dims,
-                                    aclFormat           format,
-                                    size_t              offset) {
+acl_tensor_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                       int64_t *           ne,
+                                       size_t *            nb,
+                                       int64_t             dims,
+                                       aclFormat           format,
+                                       size_t              offset) {
     // If tensor is bcasted, Up to GGML_MAX_DIMS additional dimensions will be
     // added.
     int64_t acl_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2], acl_stride[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];
@@ -87,10 +86,20 @@ aclTensor * ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
     std::reverse(acl_ne, acl_ne + final_dims);
     std::reverse(acl_stride, acl_stride + final_dims);
 
-    aclTensor * acl_tensor = aclCreateTensor(acl_ne, final_dims, ggml_cann_type_mapping(tensor->type), acl_stride,
-                                             elem_offset, format, &acl_storage_len, 1, tensor->data);
+    aclTensor * raw = aclCreateTensor(acl_ne, final_dims, ggml_cann_type_mapping(tensor->type), acl_stride, elem_offset,
+                                      format, &acl_storage_len, 1, tensor->data);
 
-    return acl_tensor;
+    return acl_tensor_ptr(raw);
+}
+
+acl_int_array_ptr ggml_cann_create_int_array(const int64_t * value, uint64_t size) {
+    aclIntArray * raw = aclCreateIntArray(value, size);
+    return acl_int_array_ptr(raw);
+}
+
+acl_scalar_ptr ggml_cann_create_scalar(void * value, aclDataType dataType) {
+    aclScalar * raw = aclCreateScalar(value, dataType);
+    return acl_scalar_ptr(raw);
 }
 
 bool ggml_cann_need_bcast(const ggml_tensor * t0, const ggml_tensor * t1) {

ggml/src/ggml-cann/acl_tensor.h

@@ -23,11 +23,12 @@
 #ifndef CANN_ACL_TENSOR_H
 #define CANN_ACL_TENSOR_H
 
-#include <algorithm>
-#include <cstring>
+#include "common.h"
 
 #include <aclnn/aclnn_base.h>
-#include "common.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+#include <cstring>
 
 /**
  * @brief	Maps a ggml_type to its corresponding aclDataType.
@@ -43,6 +44,20 @@
  */
 aclDataType ggml_cann_type_mapping(ggml_type type);
 
+// Deleter for acl objects.
+template <typename T, aclError (*DestroyFunc)(const T *)> struct acl_deleter {
+    void operator()(T * ptr) const noexcept {
+        if (ptr) {
+            ACL_CHECK(DestroyFunc(ptr));
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+using acl_tensor_ptr      = std::unique_ptr<aclTensor, acl_deleter<aclTensor, aclDestroyTensor>>;
+using acl_int_array_ptr   = std::unique_ptr<aclIntArray, acl_deleter<aclIntArray, aclDestroyIntArray>>;
+using acl_scalar_ptr      = std::unique_ptr<aclScalar, acl_deleter<aclScalar, aclDestroyScalar>>;
+using acl_tensor_list_ptr = std::unique_ptr<aclTensorList, acl_deleter<aclTensorList, aclDestroyTensorList>>;
+
 /**
  * @brief   Creates an ACL tensor from a ggml_tensor with optional shape.
  *
@@ -62,12 +77,12 @@ aclDataType ggml_cann_type_mapping(ggml_type type);
  * @param   offset      Offset in bytes for the ACL tensor data. Defaults to 0.
  * @return  Pointer to the created ACL tensor.
  */
-aclTensor * ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
-                                    int64_t *           ne     = nullptr,
-                                    size_t *            nb     = nullptr,
-                                    int64_t             dims   = 0,
-                                    aclFormat           format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                                    size_t              offset = 0);
+acl_tensor_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
+                                       int64_t *           ne     = nullptr,
+                                       size_t *            nb     = nullptr,
+                                       int64_t             dims   = 0,
+                                       aclFormat           format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
+                                       size_t              offset = 0);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Template for creating an ACL tensor from provided parameters. typename TYPE
@@ -90,14 +105,14 @@ aclTensor * ggml_cann_create_tensor(const ggml_tensor * tensor,
  * @return  Pointer to the created ACL tensor.
  */
 template <typename TYPE>
-aclTensor * ggml_cann_create_tensor(void *      data_ptr,
-                                    aclDataType dtype,
-                                    TYPE        type_size,
-                                    int64_t *   ne,
-                                    TYPE *      nb,
-                                    int64_t     dims,
-                                    aclFormat   format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
-                                    size_t      offset = 0) {
+acl_tensor_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor(void *      data_ptr,
+                                       aclDataType dtype,
+                                       TYPE        type_size,
+                                       int64_t *   ne,
+                                       TYPE *      nb,
+                                       int64_t     dims,
+                                       aclFormat   format = ACL_FORMAT_ND,
+                                       size_t      offset = 0) {
     int64_t tmp_ne[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];
     int64_t tmp_stride[GGML_MAX_DIMS * 2];
 
@@ -114,10 +129,75 @@ aclTensor * ggml_cann_create_tensor(void *      data_ptr,
     std::reverse(tmp_ne, tmp_ne + dims);
     std::reverse(tmp_stride, tmp_stride + dims);
 
-    aclTensor * acl_tensor =
+    aclTensor * raw =
         aclCreateTensor(tmp_ne, dims, dtype, tmp_stride, offset / type_size, format, &acl_storage_len, 1, data_ptr);
 
-    return acl_tensor;
+    return acl_tensor_ptr(raw);
+}
+
+/**
+ * @brief Create an ACL int array resource wrapped in a smart pointer.
+ *
+ * This function constructs an aclIntArray from the provided int64_t values
+ * and returns it as an acl_int_array_ptr (a std::unique_ptr with a custom
+ * deleter). The returned pointer owns the ACL resource and will automatically
+ * destroy it via aclDestroyIntArray().
+ *
+ * @param value  Pointer to the int64_t elements.
+ * @param size   Number of elements in value.
+ *
+ * @return A smart pointer managing the created ACL int array.
+ */
+acl_int_array_ptr ggml_cann_create_int_array(const int64_t * value, uint64_t size);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Create an ACL scalar resource wrapped in a smart pointer.
+ *
+ * This function constructs an aclScalar from the raw value pointer and ACL
+ * data type, then returns it as an acl_scalar_ptr (a std::unique_ptr with
+ * a custom deleter). The returned pointer owns the ACL scalar and will
+ * automatically destroy it via aclDestroyScalar().
+ *
+ * @param value     Pointer to the raw scalar memory.
+ * @param dataType  ACL data type of the scalar.
+ *
+ * @return A smart pointer managing the created ACL scalar.
+ */
+acl_scalar_ptr ggml_cann_create_scalar(void * value, aclDataType dataType);
+
+/**
+ * @brief Create an ACL tensor list from multiple tensor smart pointers.
+ *
+ * This function accepts a variadic list of acl_tensor_ptr (a unique_ptr with
+ * custom deleter) and produces an aclTensorList using aclCreateTensorList().
+ *
+ * The lifecycle management of the tensor objects changes as follows:
+ *  - aclCreateTensorList() takes ownership of the tensors
+ *  - Each input smart pointer releases ownership using release()
+ *  - As a result, the tensors will NOT be destroyed by unique_ptr
+ *  - Instead, they will be destroyed when aclDestroyTensorList() is called
+ *
+ * This ensures correct ownership transfer and prevents double-free situations.
+ *
+ * @param acl_tensor_ptr  Variadic template parameter; each argument must be
+ *                         a unique_ptr-like type supporting get() and release().
+ *
+ * @param tensors  Variadic list of acl_tensor_ptr objects. Ownership of
+ *                         each tensor is transferred away from these smart pointers.
+ *
+ * @return A smart pointer (acl_tensor_list_ptr) owning the created ACL tensor list.
+ *
+ * @note This implementation is C++11 compatible. The ownership-release process is
+ *       executed using a pack expansion inside an initializer list.
+ */
+template <typename... acl_tensor_ptr> acl_tensor_list_ptr ggml_cann_create_tensor_list(acl_tensor_ptr &&... tensors) {
+    aclTensor *     raw_tensors[] = { tensors.get()... };
+    aclTensorList * raw           = aclCreateTensorList(raw_tensors, sizeof...(tensors));
+    // aclTensor will release by aclTensorList, so release ownership without
+    // destroying the tensor
+    int             dummy[]       = { (tensors.release(), 0)... };
+    GGML_UNUSED(dummy);
+    return acl_tensor_list_ptr(raw);
 }
 
 /**

ggml/src/ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h

@@ -23,31 +23,35 @@
 #ifndef CANN_ACLNN_OPS
 #define CANN_ACLNN_OPS
 
-#include <unordered_set>
-#include <functional>
+#include "acl_tensor.h"
+#include "common.h"
+
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_abs.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_neg.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_exp.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_arange.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_argsort.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_cat.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_clamp.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_cos.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_exp.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_gelu.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_gelu_v2.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sigmoid.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_hardsigmoid.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_hardswish.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_leaky_relu.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_relu.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_silu.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_tanh.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sqrt.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sin.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_cos.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_log.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_logsoftmax.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_neg.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_norm.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_relu.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sigmoid.h>
 #include <aclnnop/aclnn_sign.h>
-#include "acl_tensor.h"
-#include "common.h"
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_silu.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sin.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_sqrt.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_tanh.h>
+
+#include <functional>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 /**
  * @brief   Repeats a ggml tensor along each dimension to match the dimensions
@@ -187,6 +191,66 @@ void ggml_cann_argsort(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
  */
 void ggml_cann_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
 
+/**
+ * @brief   Computes the L2 Normalization for a ggml tensor using the CANN
+ *          backend.
+ *
+ * @details This function applies the L2 Normalization operation on the
+ *          input tensor `src` and stores the result in the destination tensor
+ *          `dst`. L2 Normalization scales the input tensor such that the
+ *          L2 norm along the specified dimension equals 1. This operation
+ *          is commonly used in neural networks for feature normalization
+ *          and vector scaling.
+ *          The operation is defined as:
+ *          \f[
+ *              \text{out} = \frac{x}{\sqrt{\sum{x^2}}}
+ *          \f]
+ *          The normalization is performed along the last dimension by default.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The CANN context used for operations.
+ * @param dst The destination tensor where the normalized values will be stored.
+ * @attention The normalization is performed along the last dimension of the
+ *            input tensor by default.
+ */
+void ggml_cann_l2_norm(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
+/**
+ * @brief   Computes the Cross Entropy Loss for a ggml tensor using the CANN
+ *          backend.
+ *
+ * @details This function computes the cross entropy loss between the predicted
+ *          logits and target probability distributions. The operation follows
+ *          the same computation pattern as the CPU implementation:
+ *          1. Applies log_softmax to the logits along the class dimension
+ *          2. Element-wise multiplication with target distributions
+ *          3. Summation along the class dimension to get per-sample losses
+ *          4. Global summation and scaling by -1/nr to get final loss
+ *
+ *          The computation can be expressed as:
+ *          \f[
+ *              \text{loss} = -\frac{1}{N} \sum_{i=1}^{N} \sum_{j=1}^{C} y_{ij} \cdot \log(\text{softmax}(x_{ij}))
+ *          \f]
+ *          where \f$N\f$ is the total number of samples, \f$C\f$ is the number
+ *          of classes, \f$x\f$ are the logits, and \f$y\f$ are the target
+ *          probability distributions.
+ *
+ * @param ctx The CANN context used for operations.
+ * @param dst The destination tensor where the computed loss will be stored.
+ *            This should be a scalar tensor containing the final loss value.
+ *
+ * @note This implementation computes cross entropy between probability
+ *       distributions, not the typical classification cross entropy that
+ *       expects class indices as targets. Both input tensors (src0 and src1)
+ *       should have the same shape and represent probability distributions
+ *       over the class dimension.
+ * @note The function expects two source tensors:
+ *       - dst->src[0]: Logits tensor (before softmax)
+ *       - dst->src[1]: Target probability distributions tensor
+ * @note The computation is performed using CANN backend operators including
+ *       LogSoftmax, Mul, ReduceSum, and Muls for the final scaling.
+ */
+void ggml_cann_cross_entropy_loss(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst);
+
 /**
  * @brief  Computes the Group Normalization for a ggml tensor using the CANN
  *         backend.
@@ -626,12 +690,12 @@ void aclnn_sin(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, aclTensor * acl_src, aclTensor *
  * @param acl_src1 Output pointer to the created ACL tensor corresponding to src1.
  * @param acl_dst  Output pointer to the created ACL tensor corresponding to dst.
  */
-void bcast_shape(ggml_tensor * src0,
-                 ggml_tensor * src1,
-                 ggml_tensor * dst,
-                 aclTensor **  acl_src0,
-                 aclTensor **  acl_src1,
-                 aclTensor **  acl_dst);
+void bcast_shape(ggml_tensor *    src0,
+                 ggml_tensor *    src1,
+                 ggml_tensor *    dst,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_src0,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_src1,
+                 acl_tensor_ptr & acl_dst);
 
 /**
  * @brief   Computes the 1D transposed convolution (deconvolution) of a ggml
@@ -811,83 +875,6 @@ template <typename... Args> void register_acl_resources(std::vector<any_acl_reso
     (vec.emplace_back(make_acl_resource(args)), ...);
 }
 
-/**
- * @brief Task class that wraps the execution of an aclnn function call.
- */
-class aclnn_task : public cann_task {
-  public:
-    aclnn_task(aclnn_func_t    aclnn_func,
-               void *          workspace_addr,
-               uint64_t        workspace_size,
-               aclOpExecutor * executor,
-               aclrtStream     stream) :
-        aclnn_func_(aclnn_func),
-        workspace_addr_(workspace_addr),
-        workspace_size_(workspace_size),
-        executor_(executor),
-        stream_(stream) {}
-
-    virtual void run_task() override { ACL_CHECK(aclnn_func_(workspace_addr_, workspace_size_, executor_, stream_)); }
-  private:
-    aclnn_func_t    aclnn_func_;
-    void *          workspace_addr_;
-    uint64_t        workspace_size_;
-    aclOpExecutor * executor_;
-    aclrtStream     stream_;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Task class that releases ACL resources after usage.
- */
-class release_resource_task : public cann_task {
-  public:
-    release_resource_task(std::vector<any_acl_resource> && resources) { resource_ = std::move(resources); }
-
-    virtual void run_task() override { resource_.clear(); }
-  private:
-    std::vector<any_acl_resource> resource_;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Task class for performing asynchronous memory copy operations.
- */
-class async_memcpy_task : public cann_task {
-  public:
-    async_memcpy_task(void * dst, const void * src, size_t size, aclrtMemcpyKind kind, aclrtStream stream) :
-        dst_(dst),
-        src_(src),
-        size_(size),
-        kind_(kind),
-        stream_(stream) {}
-
-    virtual void run_task() override { ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst_, size_, src_, size_, kind_, stream_)); }
-  private:
-    void *          dst_;
-    const void *    src_;
-    size_t          size_;
-    aclrtMemcpyKind kind_;
-    aclrtStream     stream_;
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief Task class for performing asynchronous memory set operations.
- */
-class async_memset_task : public cann_task {
-  public:
-    async_memset_task(void * buffer, size_t size, int32_t value, aclrtStream stream) :
-        buffer_(buffer),
-        size_(size),
-        value_(value),
-        stream_(stream) {}
-
-    virtual void run_task() override { ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemsetAsync(buffer_, size_, value_, size_, stream_)); }
-  private:
-    void *      buffer_;
-    size_t      size_;
-    int32_t     value_;
-    aclrtStream stream_;
-};
-
 /**
  * @brief Launches an asynchronous task using the memory allocator.
  *
@@ -906,95 +893,20 @@ class async_memset_task : public cann_task {
  * same stream are executed in queue order.
  */
 
-#define GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(CTX, OP_NAME, ...)                                                                  \
-    do {                                                                                                            \
-        uint64_t        workspaceSize = 0;                                                                          \
-        aclOpExecutor * executor;                                                                                   \
-        void *          workspaceAddr = nullptr;                                                                    \
-        ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME##GetWorkspaceSize(__VA_ARGS__, &workspaceSize, &executor));                        \
-        /* workspace should alloced in main thread to keep malloc order when using vmm. */                          \
-        if (workspaceSize > 0) {                                                                                    \
-            ggml_cann_pool_alloc workspace_allocator(CTX.pool(), workspaceSize);                                    \
-            workspaceAddr = workspace_allocator.get();                                                              \
-        }                                                                                                           \
-        if (CTX.async_mode) {                                                                                       \
-            auto task =                                                                                             \
-                std::make_unique<aclnn_task>(aclnn##OP_NAME, workspaceAddr, workspaceSize, executor, CTX.stream()); \
-            CTX.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));                                                            \
-        } else {                                                                                                    \
-            ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME(workspaceAddr, workspaceSize, executor, CTX.stream()));                        \
-        }                                                                                                           \
+#define GGML_CANN_CALL_ACLNN_OP(CTX, OP_NAME, ...)                                           \
+    do {                                                                                     \
+        uint64_t        workspaceSize = 0;                                                   \
+        aclOpExecutor * executor;                                                            \
+        void *          workspaceAddr = nullptr;                                             \
+        ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME##GetWorkspaceSize(__VA_ARGS__, &workspaceSize, &executor)); \
+        /* workspace should alloced in main thread to keep malloc order when using vmm. */   \
+        if (workspaceSize > 0) {                                                             \
+            ggml_cann_pool_alloc workspace_allocator(CTX.pool(), workspaceSize);             \
+            workspaceAddr = workspace_allocator.get();                                       \
+        }                                                                                    \
+        ACL_CHECK(aclnn##OP_NAME(workspaceAddr, workspaceSize, executor, CTX.stream()));     \
     } while (0)
 
-/**
- * @brief Registers and releases multiple ACL resources, optionally deferring the release
- *        using a task.
- *
- * @tparam Args Types of the ACL resources.
- * @param ctx Backend context which manages task submission and async mode.
- * @param args Pointers to ACL resources to be released.
- */
-template <typename... Args> void ggml_cann_release_resources(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, Args &&... args) {
-    std::vector<any_acl_resource> resources;
-    register_acl_resources(resources, std::forward<Args>(args)...);
-    if (ctx.async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<release_resource_task>(std::move(resources));
-        ctx.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Performs an asynchronous memory copy operation, optionally deferred via task submission.
- *
- * @param ctx Backend context containing stream and async configuration.
- * @param dst Destination memory address.
- * @param src Source memory address.
- * @param len Size of memory to copy (in bytes).
- * @param kind Type of memory copy (host-to-device, device-to-host, etc).
- */
-inline void ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx,
-                                   void *                      dst,
-                                   const void *                src,
-                                   size_t                      len,
-                                   aclrtMemcpyKind             kind) {
-    if (ctx.async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<async_memcpy_task>(dst, const_cast<void *>(src), len, kind, ctx.stream());
-        ctx.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    } else {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst, len, src, len, kind, ctx.stream()));
-    }
-}
-
-inline void ggml_cann_async_memcpy(ggml_backend_cann_context * ctx,
-                                   void *                      dst,
-                                   const void *                src,
-                                   size_t                      len,
-                                   aclrtMemcpyKind             kind) {
-    if (ctx->async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<async_memcpy_task>(dst, const_cast<void *>(src), len, kind, ctx->stream());
-        ctx->task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    } else {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst, len, src, len, kind, ctx->stream()));
-    }
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Performs an asynchronous memory set operation, optionally deferred via task submission.
- *
- * @param ctx Backend context containing stream and async configuration.
- * @param buffer Memory buffer to be set.
- * @param size Size of the memory buffer (in bytes).
- * @param value Value to set in the buffer.
- */
-inline void ggml_cann_async_memset(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, void * buffer, size_t size, int value) {
-    if (ctx.async_mode) {
-        auto task = std::make_unique<async_memset_task>(buffer, size, value, ctx.stream());
-        ctx.task_queue.submit_task(std::move(task));
-    } else {
-        ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemsetAsync(buffer, size, value, size, ctx.stream()));
-    }
-}
-
 /**
  * @brief   Performs sparse expert-based matrix multiplication using the CANN backend.
  *
@@ -1067,15 +979,11 @@ template <auto binary_op> void ggml_cann_binary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context & c
     ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
     ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
-    aclTensor * acl_src0;
-    aclTensor * acl_src1;
-    aclTensor * acl_dst;
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst;
 
     // Need bcast
-    bcast_shape(src0, src1, dst, &acl_src0, &acl_src1, &acl_dst);
-    binary_op(ctx, acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst);
-
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst);
+    bcast_shape(src0, src1, dst, acl_src0, acl_src1, acl_dst);
+    binary_op(ctx, acl_src0.get(), acl_src1.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1085,7 +993,7 @@ template <auto binary_op> void ggml_cann_binary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context & c
  * and stores the result in the destination tensor.
  *
  * @tparam unary_op A callable with the signature:
- *         void(ggml_backend_cann_context&, aclTensor*, aclTensor*)
+ *         void(ggml_backend_cann_context&, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)
  *         where the first aclTensor is the source and the second is the destination.
  * @param ctx The CANN backend context for managing resources and execution.
  * @param dst The destination tensor. Its src[0] is treated as the input tensor.
@@ -1094,11 +1002,10 @@ template <void unary_op(ggml_backend_cann_context &, aclTensor *, aclTensor *)>
 void ggml_cann_op_unary(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     ggml_tensor * src = dst->src[0];
 
-    aclTensor * acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
-    aclTensor * acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_src = ggml_cann_create_tensor(src);
+    acl_tensor_ptr acl_dst = ggml_cann_create_tensor(dst);
 
-    unary_op(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
-    ggml_cann_release_resources(ctx, acl_src, acl_dst);
+    unary_op(ctx, acl_src.get(), acl_dst.get());
 }
 
 /**

ggml/src/ggml-cann/common.h

@@ -23,26 +23,26 @@
 #ifndef CANN_COMMON_H
 #define CANN_COMMON_H
 
-#include <acl/acl.h>
-
-#include <cstdio>
-#include <iostream>
-#include <map>
-#include <memory>
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <thread>
-#include <unistd.h>
-#include <functional>
-#include <optional>
-#include <list>
-
+#include "../ggml-impl.h"
 #include "../include/ggml-cann.h"
 #include "../include/ggml.h"
-#include "../ggml-impl.h"
+
+#include <acl/acl.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#include <atomic>
+#include <condition_variable>
+#include <cstdio>
+#include <functional>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <list>
+#include <map>
+#include <memory>
+#include <mutex>
+#include <optional>
+#include <string>
+#include <thread>
+#include <vector>
 
 #define MATRIX_ROW_PADDING    512
 #define GGML_CANN_MAX_STREAMS 8
@@ -214,130 +214,6 @@ struct ggml_cann_pool_alloc {
     ggml_cann_pool_alloc & operator=(ggml_cann_pool_alloc &&) = delete;
 };
 
-/**
- * @brief Function pointer type for ACLNN operator calls.
- */
-using aclnn_func_t = aclnnStatus (*)(void *, uint64_t, aclOpExecutor *, aclrtStream);
-
-/**
- * @brief Base class for all CANN tasks to be submitted to the task queue.
- *
- * Users should override the run_task() method with actual task logic.
- */
-class cann_task {
-  public:
-    virtual void run_task() {}
-};
-
-/**
- * @brief A lock-free ring-buffer based task queue for asynchronously executing cann_task instances.
- */
-class cann_task_queue {
-  public:
-    /**
-     * @brief Constructs a task queue with a fixed power-of-two capacity for a specific device.
-     *
-     * @param capacity Queue capacity. Must be a power of 2.
-     * @param device Target device ID (used for context setting).
-     */
-    explicit cann_task_queue(size_t capacity, int32_t device) :
-        buffer_(capacity),
-        capacity_(capacity),
-        head_(0),
-        tail_(0),
-        running_(false),
-        device_(device) {
-        GGML_ASSERT((capacity & (capacity - 1)) == 0 && "capacity must be power of 2");
-        mask_ = capacity_ - 1;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Attempts to enqueue a task into the queue.
-     *
-     * @param item Unique pointer to the task.
-     * @return true if the task was successfully enqueued, false if the queue was full.
-     */
-    bool enqueue(std::unique_ptr<cann_task> && item) {
-        size_t next_tail = (tail_ + 1) & mask_;
-
-        if (next_tail == head_) {
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        buffer_[tail_] = std::move(item);
-        std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_release);
-        tail_ = next_tail;
-
-        return true;
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Submits a task to the queue, and starts the worker thread if not already running.
-     *
-     * @param task Task to be submitted.
-     */
-    void submit_task(std::unique_ptr<cann_task> && task) {
-        while (!enqueue(std::move(task))) {
-            std::this_thread::yield();
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        if (!running_) {
-            running_ = true;
-            thread_  = std::thread(&cann_task_queue::execute, this);
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Waits until the queue is completely empty and no tasks are being processed.
-     */
-    void wait() {
-        while (running_ && head_ != tail_) {
-            std::this_thread::yield();
-            continue;
-        }
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * @brief Stops the task queue and joins the worker thread.
-     */
-    void stop() {
-        running_ = false;
-        if (thread_.joinable()) {
-            thread_.join();
-        }
-    }
-
-  private:
-    /**
-     * @brief Worker thread function that continuously dequeues and executes tasks.
-     */
-    void execute() {
-        ggml_cann_set_device(device_);
-
-        while (running_) {
-            if (head_ == tail_) {
-                std::this_thread::yield();
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            std::atomic_thread_fence(std::memory_order_acquire);
-            buffer_[head_]->run_task();
-            buffer_[head_].reset();
-            head_ = (head_ + 1) & mask_;
-        }
-    }
-
-    std::vector<std::unique_ptr<cann_task>> buffer_;
-    const size_t                            capacity_;
-    size_t                                  mask_;
-    size_t                                  head_;
-    size_t                                  tail_;
-    bool                                    running_;
-    std::thread                             thread_;
-    int32_t                                 device_;
-};
-
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
 struct ggml_graph_node_properties {
     // dst tensor
@@ -474,7 +350,6 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
     ggml_cann_graph_lru_cache graph_lru_cache;
     bool                      acl_graph_mode = true;
 #endif
-    cann_task_queue        task_queue;
     bool                   async_mode;
     // Rope Cache
     ggml_cann_rope_cache   rope_cache;
@@ -488,15 +363,10 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
      * @brief Constructor for initializing the context with a given device.
      * @param device Device ID.
      */
-    explicit ggml_backend_cann_context(int device) :
-        device(device),
-        name("CANN" + std::to_string(device)),
-        task_queue(1024, device) {
+    explicit ggml_backend_cann_context(int device) : device(device), name("CANN" + std::to_string(device)) {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
         description = aclrtGetSocName();
 
-        async_mode = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_ASYNC_MODE").value_or(""));
-        GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d async operator submission is %s\n", __func__, device, async_mode ? "ON" : "OFF");
 #ifdef USE_ACL_GRAPH
         acl_graph_mode = parse_bool(get_env("GGML_CANN_ACL_GRAPH").value_or("on"));
         GGML_LOG_INFO("%s: device %d execution mode is %s (%s)\n", __func__, device, acl_graph_mode ? "GRAPH" : "EAGER",
@@ -509,7 +379,6 @@ struct ggml_backend_cann_context {
      */
     ~ggml_backend_cann_context() {
         ggml_cann_set_device(device);
-        task_queue.stop();
         if (copy_event != nullptr) {
             ACL_CHECK(aclrtDestroyEvent(copy_event));
         }

ggml/src/ggml-cann/ggml-cann.cpp

@@ -22,24 +22,24 @@
 
 #include "ggml-cann.h"
 
-#include <acl/acl.h>
-#include <stdarg.h>
-#include <aclnnop/aclnn_trans_matmul_weight.h>
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+#include "ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h"
+#include "ggml-cann/common.h"
+#include "ggml-impl.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
 
+#include <acl/acl.h>
+#include <aclnnop/aclnn_trans_matmul_weight.h>
+#include <stdarg.h>
+
+#include <chrono>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <mutex>
-#include <queue>
-#include <chrono>
-#include <unordered_set>
 #include <optional>
-
-#include "ggml-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
-#include "ggml-cann/aclnn_ops.h"
-#include "ggml-cann/common.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
+#include <queue>
+#include <unordered_set>
 
 #define GGML_COMMON_DECL_C
 
@@ -1177,19 +1177,18 @@ static ggml_cann_nz_workspace g_nz_workspaces[GGML_CANN_MAX_DEVICES];
  *       across calls. This reduces overhead from repeated memory allocation and deallocation.
  */
 static void weight_format_to_nz(ggml_tensor * tensor, size_t offset, int device) {
-    aclTensor * weightTransposed = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor, tensor->ne, tensor->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
-    uint64_t    workspaceSize    = 0;
+    acl_tensor_ptr weightTransposed = ggml_cann_create_tensor(tensor, tensor->ne, tensor->nb, 2, ACL_FORMAT_ND, offset);
+    uint64_t       workspaceSize    = 0;
     aclOpExecutor * executor;
 
     // TransMatmulWeight
-    ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeightGetWorkspaceSize(weightTransposed, &workspaceSize, &executor));
+    ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeightGetWorkspaceSize(weightTransposed.get(), &workspaceSize, &executor));
     // Avoid frequent malloc/free of the workspace.
     g_nz_workspaces[device].realloc(workspaceSize);
 
     void * g_nz_workspace = g_nz_workspaces[device].get();
 
     ACL_CHECK(aclnnTransMatmulWeight(g_nz_workspace, workspaceSize, executor, nullptr));
-    ACL_CHECK(aclDestroyTensor(weightTransposed));
 }
 
 // TODO: need handle tensor which has paddings.
@@ -1641,7 +1640,7 @@ ggml_backend_buffer_type_t ggml_backend_cann_host_buffer_type() {
                            /* .is_host          = */ ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type()->iface.is_host,
                            },
         /* .device   = */
-         ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), 0),
+        ggml_backend_reg_dev_get(ggml_backend_cann_reg(), 0),
         /* .context  = */ nullptr,
     };
 
@@ -1777,6 +1776,12 @@ static bool ggml_cann_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cann_context & ctx, struct gg
         case GGML_OP_GROUP_NORM:
             ggml_cann_group_norm(ctx, dst);
             break;
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+            ggml_cann_l2_norm(ctx, dst);
+            break;
+        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
+            ggml_cann_cross_entropy_loss(ctx, dst);
+            break;
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
             ggml_cann_concat(ctx, dst);
             break;
@@ -1943,7 +1948,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_set_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t backend,
     GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) && "unsupported buffer type");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type));
 
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(cann_ctx, (char *) tensor->data + offset, data, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE);
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync((char *) tensor->data + offset, size, data, size, ACL_MEMCPY_HOST_TO_DEVICE,
+                               cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -1968,7 +1974,8 @@ static void ggml_backend_cann_get_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t      backend,
     GGML_ASSERT(buf->buft == ggml_backend_cann_buffer_type(cann_ctx->device) && "unsupported buffer type");
     GGML_ASSERT(!ggml_is_quantized(tensor->type));
 
-    ggml_cann_async_memcpy(cann_ctx, data, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST);
+    ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(data, size, (char *) tensor->data + offset, size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_HOST,
+                               cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
 
 /**
@@ -2029,7 +2036,6 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t      backend_src,
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtDeviceEnablePeerAccess(cann_ctx_dst->device, 0));
 
         // wait for task_queue empty to keep task order.
-        cann_ctx_src->task_queue.wait();
         ACL_CHECK(aclrtMemcpyAsync(dst->data, copy_size, src->data, copy_size, ACL_MEMCPY_DEVICE_TO_DEVICE,
                                    cann_ctx_src->stream()));
         // record event on src stream after the copy
@@ -2062,7 +2068,6 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_cpy_tensor_async(ggml_backend_t      backend_src,
  */
 static void ggml_backend_cann_synchronize(ggml_backend_t backend) {
     ggml_backend_cann_context * cann_ctx = (ggml_backend_cann_context *) backend->context;
-    cann_ctx->task_queue.wait();
     ggml_cann_set_device(cann_ctx->device);
     ACL_CHECK(aclrtSynchronizeStream(cann_ctx->stream()));
 }
@@ -2479,6 +2484,9 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_ten
                 if (mode & GGML_ROPE_TYPE_VISION) {
                     return false;
                 }
+                if (op->src[0]->ne[0] > 896) {
+                    return false;
+                }
 #ifdef ASCEND_310P
                 if (!ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0])) {
                     return false;
@@ -2515,8 +2523,11 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cann_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const ggml_ten
                 // value of paddingW should be at most half of kernelW
                 return (p0 <= (k0 / 2)) && (p1 <= (k1 / 2));
             }
-        case GGML_OP_DUP:
         case GGML_OP_SUM:
+            return ggml_is_contiguous_rows(op->src[0]);
+        case GGML_OP_L2_NORM:
+        case GGML_OP_CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS:
+        case GGML_OP_DUP:
         case GGML_OP_IM2COL:
         case GGML_OP_CONCAT:
         case GGML_OP_REPEAT:

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -126,36 +126,48 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
                 )
                 if (NOT ARM_MCPU_RESULT)
                     string(REGEX MATCH "-mcpu=[^ ']+" ARM_MCPU_FLAG "${ARM_MCPU}")
+                    string(REGEX MATCH "-march=[^ ']+" ARM_MARCH_FLAG "${ARM_MCPU}")
+
+                    # on some old GCC we need to read -march=
+                    if (ARM_MARCH_FLAG AND NOT "${ARM_MARCH_FLAG}" STREQUAL "-march=native")
+                        set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG "${ARM_MARCH_FLAG}")
+                    elseif(ARM_MCPU_FLAG AND NOT "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}" STREQUAL "-mcpu=native")
+                        set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}")
+                    endif()
                 endif()
-                if ("${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}" STREQUAL "")
-                    set(ARM_MCPU_FLAG -mcpu=native)
-                    message(STATUS "ARM -mcpu not found, -mcpu=native will be used")
+
+                if ("${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}" STREQUAL "")
+                    set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG -mcpu=native)
+                    message(WARNING "ARM -march/-mcpu not found, -mcpu=native will be used")
+                else()
+                    message(STATUS "ARM detected flags: ${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}")
                 endif()
 
                 include(CheckCXXSourceRuns)
 
-                function(check_arm_feature tag code)
+                macro(check_arm_feature tag feature code)
                     set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
-                    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}+${tag}")
+                    set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}+${tag}")
                     check_cxx_source_runs("${code}" GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_${tag})
                     if (GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_${tag})
-                        set(ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX}+${tag}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+                        set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX}+${tag}")
                     else()
-                        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}+no${tag}")
+                        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}+no${tag}")
                         check_cxx_source_compiles("int main() { return 0; }" GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_no${tag})
                         if (GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_no${tag})
-                            set(ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX}+no${tag}" PARENT_SCOPE)
+                            set(ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX}+no${tag}")
+                            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -U__ARM_FEATURE_${feature})
                         endif()
                     endif()
                     set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE})
-                endfunction()
+                endmacro()
 
-                check_arm_feature(dotprod "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
-                check_arm_feature(i8mm    "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vmmlaq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
-                check_arm_feature(sve     "#include <arm_sve.h>\nint main()  { svfloat32_t _a, _b; volatile svfloat32_t _c = svadd_f32_z(svptrue_b8(), _a, _b); return 0; }")
-                check_arm_feature(sme     "#include <arm_sme.h>\n__arm_locally_streaming int main() { __asm__ volatile(\"smstart; smstop;\"); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(dotprod DOTPROD     "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(i8mm    MATMUL_INT8 "#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; volatile int32x4_t _s = vmmlaq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(sve     SVE         "#include <arm_sve.h>\nint main()  { svfloat32_t _a, _b; volatile svfloat32_t _c = svadd_f32_z(svptrue_b8(), _a, _b); return 0; }")
+                check_arm_feature(sme     SME         "#include <arm_sme.h>\n__arm_locally_streaming int main() { __asm__ volatile(\"smstart; smstop;\"); return 0; }")
 
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS "${ARM_MCPU_FLAG}${ARM_MCPU_FLAG_FIX}")
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS "${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG}${ARM_NATIVE_FLAG_FIX}")
             else()
                 if (GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH)
                     list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=${GGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH})
@@ -205,35 +217,27 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
                 endif()
             endif()
 
-            # show enabled features
-            if (CMAKE_HOST_SYSTEM_NAME STREQUAL "Windows")
-                set(FEAT_INPUT_FILE "NUL")
-            else()
-                set(FEAT_INPUT_FILE "/dev/null")
-            endif()
+            message(STATUS "Checking for ARM features using flags:")
+            foreach(flag IN LISTS ARCH_FLAGS)
+                message(STATUS "  ${flag}")
+            endforeach()
 
-            execute_process(
-                COMMAND ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER} ${ARCH_FLAGS} -dM -E -
-                INPUT_FILE ${FEAT_INPUT_FILE}
-                OUTPUT_VARIABLE ARM_FEATURE
-                RESULT_VARIABLE ARM_FEATURE_RESULT
-            )
-            if (ARM_FEATURE_RESULT)
-                message(WARNING "Failed to get ARM features")
-            else()
-                foreach(feature DOTPROD SVE MATMUL_INT8 FMA FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC SME)
-                    string(FIND "${ARM_FEATURE}" "__ARM_FEATURE_${feature} 1" feature_pos)
-                    if (NOT ${feature_pos} EQUAL -1)
-                        # Special handling for MATMUL_INT8 when machine doesn't support i8mm
-                        if ("${feature}" STREQUAL "MATMUL_INT8" AND GGML_MACHINE_SUPPORTS_noi8mm)
-                            message(STATUS "ARM feature ${feature} detected but unsetting due to machine not supporting i8mm")
-                            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -U__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
-                        else()
-                            message(STATUS "ARM feature ${feature} enabled")
-                        endif()
-                    endif()
-                endforeach()
-            endif()
+            include(CheckCXXSourceCompiles)
+            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
+            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS "${ARCH_FLAGS}")
+            foreach(feature DOTPROD SVE MATMUL_INT8 FMA FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC SME)
+                set(ARM_FEATURE "HAVE_${feature}")
+                check_cxx_source_compiles(
+                    "
+                    #if !defined(__ARM_FEATURE_${feature})
+                    #  error \"Feature ${feature} is not defined\"
+                    #endif
+                    int main() { return 0; }
+                    "
+                    ${ARM_FEATURE}
+                )
+            endforeach()
+            set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_SAVE})
         endif()
     elseif (GGML_SYSTEM_ARCH STREQUAL "x86")
         message(STATUS "x86 detected")
@@ -388,9 +392,9 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             string(REGEX REPLACE "POWER *([0-9]+)" "\\1" EXTRACTED_NUMBER "${MATCHED_STRING}")
 
             if (EXTRACTED_NUMBER GREATER_EQUAL 10)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power10 -mpowerpc64)
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power10)
             elseif (EXTRACTED_NUMBER EQUAL 9)
-                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power9 -mpowerpc64)
+                list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=power9)
             elseif (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "ppc64le")
                 list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=powerpc64le -mtune=native)
             else()
@@ -504,11 +508,18 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             endforeach()
         endif()
 
-        if (GGML_VXE OR GGML_INTERNAL_VXE)
-            message(STATUS "VX/VXE/VXE2 enabled")
+        if (GGML_VXE OR GGML_INTERNAL_VXE2)
+            message(STATUS "VXE2 enabled")
             list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mvx -mzvector)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_VXE)
+            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_USE_VXE2)
         endif()
+
+        if (GGML_INTERNAL_NNPA)
+            message(STATUS "NNPA enabled")
+            list(APPEND ARCH_DEFINITIONS GGML_USE_NNPA)
+        endif()
+
+        ggml_add_cpu_backend_features(${GGML_CPU_NAME} s390 ${ARCH_DEFINITIONS})
     elseif (CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "wasm")
         message(STATUS "Wasm detected")
         list (APPEND GGML_CPU_SOURCES ggml-cpu/arch/wasm/quants.c)
@@ -572,6 +583,7 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/)
 
@@ -590,23 +602,34 @@ function(ggml_add_cpu_backend_variant_impl tag_name)
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon.c
             ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.c
-            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.c)
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.c
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32.c
+            ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon.c)
 
         if (NOT DOTPROD_ENABLED MATCHES -1)
             list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.c
-                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.c)
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod.c)
         endif()
 
         if (NOT I8MM_ENABLED MATCHES -1)
-            list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.c)
+            list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x8_qsi4c32p4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.c)
         endif()
 
         if (NOT SME_ENABLED MATCHES -1)
             list(APPEND GGML_KLEIDIAI_SOURCES
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa_asm.S
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot.c
+                ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot_asm.S
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa.c
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/matmul_clamp_fp32_bf16p_bf16p/kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa_asm.S
                 ${KLEIDIAI_SRC}/kai/ukernels/matmul/pack/kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.c

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/arm/quants.c

@@ -2044,6 +2044,26 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
 }
 
+#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+static inline svuint32_t ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla(const uint32_t * vx_scales) {
+    const svbool_t pg_all   = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4);
+    const svbool_t pg_false = svpfalse_b();            // 0x0000
+    const svbool_t pg_lo_8  = svwhilelt_b8_s32(0,  8); // 0x00ff
+    const svbool_t pg_odd   = svzip1_b32(pg_false, pg_lo_8);
+
+    svuint32_t vutmp_hi, vutmp_lo;
+    svuint32_t vx01 = svld1_u32(pg_lo_8, vx_scales);
+    vutmp_hi = svzip1_u32(vx01, vx01);
+    vutmp_hi = svlsr_n_u32_m(pg_odd, vutmp_hi, 2);
+    vutmp_hi = svreinterpret_u32_u64(svand_n_u64_x(pg_all, svreinterpret_u64_u32(vutmp_hi), UINT64_C(0x303030303f3f3f3f)));
+    const svuint32_t vx2 = svdup_u32(vx_scales[2]);
+    vutmp_lo = svlsr_u32_x(pg_all, vx2, svreinterpret_u32_s32(svindex_s32(-2, 2)));
+    vutmp_lo = svand_n_u32_z(pg_odd, vutmp_lo, UINT32_C(0x0f0f0f0f));
+    svuint32_t vutmp = svorr_u32_z(pg_all, vutmp_hi, vutmp_lo);
+    return vutmp;
+}
+#endif
+
 void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vx, size_t bx, const void * GGML_RESTRICT vy, size_t by, int nrc) {
     assert(n % QK_K == 0);
 #ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8
@@ -2066,8 +2086,220 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     static const uint32_t kmask3 = 0x03030303;
 
     uint32_t utmp[4];
+#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+    const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
+#endif
 
-#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    if (nrc == 2) {
+        svbool_t pg32_2 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL2);
+
+        const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx0 = vx;
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy0 = vy;
+        const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx1 = (const block_q4_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vx + bx);
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy1 = (const block_q8_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vy + by);
+
+        union {
+            uint32_t u32[8];
+            uint64_t u64[4];
+        } new_utmp;
+
+        svfloat32_t sumf1 = svdup_n_f32(0);
+
+        switch (vector_length) {
+            case 128:
+                {
+                    svbool_t pg_false = svpfalse_b();
+                    svbool_t pg_lo_8  = svwhilelt_b8_s32(0,  8);
+                    svbool_t vmins_mask1= svzip1_b32(pg_lo_8, pg_false);
+                    svbool_t vmins_mask2 = svzip1_b32(pg_false, pg_lo_8);
+                    svbool_t pg128_all  = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_VL16);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d));
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_x(pg128_all, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        svfloat32_t vx_dmins = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].dmin)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].dmin)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_dmins = svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d));
+                        svfloat32_t svdmins = svmul_n_f32_x(pg128_all, svmul_f32_x(pg128_all, vy_dmins, vx_dmins), -1);
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_0 = vx0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_0 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_1 = vx1[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_1 = vy1[i].qs;
+                        svint16_t lo = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums + 0);
+                        svint16_t hi = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums + 8);
+                        svint16_t sum_tmp1 = svuzp1_s16(lo, hi);
+                        svint16_t sum_tmp2 = svuzp2_s16(lo, hi);
+                        svint16_t svq8sums_0 = svadd_s16_x(pg128_all, sum_tmp1, sum_tmp2);
+                        lo = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums + 0);
+                        hi = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums + 8);
+                        sum_tmp1 = svuzp1(lo, hi);
+                        sum_tmp2 = svuzp2(lo, hi);
+                        svint16_t svq8sums_1 = svadd_s16_x(pg128_all, sum_tmp1, sum_tmp2);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales0 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx0[i].scales);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales1 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx1[i].scales);
+                        svuint32x2_t decoded_scales = svcreate2_u32(decoded_scales0, decoded_scales1);
+                        svst2_u32(pg128_all, new_utmp.u32, decoded_scales);
+                        svint16_t svmins8_0 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u32(svuzp1_u32(svld1_u32(vmins_mask1, new_utmp.u32+4), svdup_n_u32(0)))));
+                        svint16_t svmins8_1 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u32(svuzp2_u32(svld1_u32(vmins_mask2, new_utmp.u32+4), svdup_n_u32(0)))));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp1 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_0, svmins8_0));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp2 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_0, svmins8_1));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp3 = svtrn1_s32(svsumfs_tmp1, svsumfs_tmp2);
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp4 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_1, svmins8_0));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp5 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdup_n_s64(0), svq8sums_1, svmins8_1));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp6 = svtrn1_s32(svsumfs_tmp4, svsumfs_tmp5);
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp7 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp8 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(svsumfs_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t svsumfs_tmp = svadd_s32_x(pg128_all, svsumfs_tmp7, svsumfs_tmp8);
+                        svint32_t svscales, sumi1, sumi2;
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif1 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif2 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint8_t q4bytes_0_l, q4bytes_0_h, q4bytes_1_l, q4bytes_1_h, l0, l1, l2, l3,
+                                 q8bytes_0_h, q8bytes_0_l, q8bytes_1_h, q8bytes_1_l, r0, r1, r2, r3;
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
+                            q4bytes_0_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0), 0xf));
+                            q4bytes_1_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1), 0xf));
+                            q4bytes_0_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0+16), 0xf));
+                            q4bytes_1_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1+16), 0xf));
+                            l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            l3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            q8bytes_0_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0);
+                            q8bytes_1_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1);
+                            q8bytes_0_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0+16);
+                            q8bytes_1_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1+16);
+                            r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            r3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            sumi1 = svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1), r2, l2), r3, l3);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-1)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif1 = svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, acc_sumif1, svscales, sumi1);
+
+                            q4bytes_0_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0), 4));
+                            q4bytes_1_l = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1), 4));
+                            q4bytes_0_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_0+16), 4));
+                            q4bytes_1_h = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, svld1_u8(pg128_all, q4_1+16), 4));
+                            l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_l)));
+                            l2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            l3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q4bytes_1_h)));
+                            q8bytes_0_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0+32);
+                            q8bytes_1_h = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1+32);
+                            q8bytes_0_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_0+48);
+                            q8bytes_1_l = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q8_1+48);
+                            r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_h), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_h)));
+                            r2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            r3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0_l), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1_l)));
+                            sumi2 = svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1), r2, l2), r3, l3);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg128_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-2)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif2 = svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, acc_sumif2, svscales, sumi2);
+                            q4_0 += 32; q4_1 += 32; q8_0 += 64; q8_1 += 64;
+                        }
+                        sumf1 = svmla_f32_x(pg128_all,
+                                svmla_f32_x(pg128_all,
+                                    sumf1,
+                                    svcvt_f32_x(pg128_all,
+                                        svadd_s32_x(pg128_all, acc_sumif1, acc_sumif2)),
+                                    svsuper_block_scales),
+                                svdmins,
+                                svcvt_f32_s32_x(pg128_all, svsumfs_tmp));
+                    }  //end of for nb
+                } // end of case 128
+                break;
+            case 256:
+            case 512:
+                {
+                    const svbool_t pg32_4 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4);
+                    const svbool_t pg8_16 = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_VL16);
+                    const svbool_t pg256_all = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_ALL);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_0 = vx0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_0 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4_1 = vx1[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8_1 = vy1[i].qs;
+                        svint32_t svscales, sumi1, sumi2;
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif1 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif2 = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        svint8_t l0, l1, l2, l3, r0, r1, r2, r3;
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat64_t vy_d_tmp = svreinterpret_f64_f32(svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svreinterpret_f32_f64(svuzp1_f64(vy_d_tmp, vy_d_tmp));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_z(pg32_4, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        svfloat32_t vx_dmins = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].dmin)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].dmin)));
+                        svfloat64_t vy_dmins_tmp = svreinterpret_f64_f32(svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_dmins = svreinterpret_f32_f64(svuzp1_f64(vy_dmins_tmp, vy_dmins_tmp));
+                        svfloat32_t svdmins = svmul_n_f32_x(pg32_4, svmul_f32_x(pg32_4, vx_dmins, vy_dmins), -1);
+                        svint16_t rc1 = svuzp1_s16(svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy0[i].bsums), svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy1[i].bsums));
+                        svint16_t rc2 = svuzp2_s16(svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy0[i].bsums), svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy1[i].bsums));
+                        svint16_t svq8sums = svadd_s16_x(pg256_all, rc1, rc2);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales0 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx0[i].scales);
+                        svuint32_t decoded_scales1 = ggml_decode_q4scales_and_mins_for_mmla((const uint32_t *)vx1[i].scales);
+                        svuint32x2_t decoded_scales = svcreate2_u32(decoded_scales0, decoded_scales1);
+                        svst2_u32(pg8_16, new_utmp.u32, decoded_scales);
+                        svint16_t new_svq8sums_0 = svreinterpret_s16_u64(svtrn1_u64(svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums), svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums)));
+                        svint16_t new_svq8sums_1 = svreinterpret_s16_u64(svtrn2_u64(svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums), svreinterpret_u64_s16(svq8sums)));
+                        svuint64_t new_mins_0 = svdup_u64(new_utmp.u64[2]);
+                        svuint64_t new_mins_1 = svdup_u64(new_utmp.u64[3]);
+                        svint16_t new_svmins8_0 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u64(new_mins_0)));
+                        svint16_t new_svmins8_1 = svreinterpret_s16_u16(svunpklo_u16(svreinterpret_u8_u64(new_mins_1)));
+                        svint64_t dot_prod_0 = svdot_s64(svdup_s64(0), new_svmins8_0, new_svq8sums_0);
+                        svint64_t dot_prod_1 = svdot_s64(dot_prod_0, new_svmins8_1, new_svq8sums_1);
+                        svfloat32_t converted_dot_prod_1 = svcvt_f32_s64_x(pg256_all, dot_prod_1);
+                        svfloat32_t svsumfs_tmp = svuzp1_f32(converted_dot_prod_1, converted_dot_prod_1);
+
+#pragma GCC unroll 1
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/64; ++j) {
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_0 = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_0), 0xf);
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_1 = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_1), 0xf);
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_2 = svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_0), 4);
+                            svuint8_t q4bytes_3 = svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, svld1_u8(pg256_all, q4_1), 4);
+                            l0 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip1_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_0), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_1)));
+                            l1 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip2_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_0), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_1)));
+                            l2 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip1_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_2), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_3)));
+                            l3 = svreinterpret_s8_u64(svzip2_u64(svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_2), svreinterpret_u64_u8(q4bytes_3)));
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_0 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_0);
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_1 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_1);
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_2 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_0+32);
+                            svint8_t q8bytes_3 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q8_1+32);
+                            r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                            r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                            r2 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_2), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_3)));
+                            r3 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_2), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_3)));
+                            sumi1 = svmmla(svmmla(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-1)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif1 = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, acc_sumif1, svscales, sumi1);
+                            sumi2 = svmmla(svmmla(svdup_n_s32(0), r2, l2), r3, l3);
+                            svscales = svreinterpret_s32_u32(svlsr_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svlsl_n_u32_x(pg256_all, svreinterpret_u32_u64(svdup_n_u64(new_utmp.u64[j/2])), 8*(4-2*(j%2)-2)), 24));
+                            acc_sumif2 = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, acc_sumif2, svscales, sumi2);
+                            q4_0 += 32; q4_1 += 32; q8_0 += 64; q8_1 += 64;
+                        }
+                        svint32_t acc_sumif = svadd_s32_x(pg256_all, acc_sumif1, acc_sumif2);
+                        svint32_t swap_acc_sumif = svext_s32(acc_sumif, acc_sumif, 4);
+                        acc_sumif = svadd_s32_x(pg32_4, acc_sumif, swap_acc_sumif);
+                        sumf1 = svmla_f32_x(pg32_4,
+                                svmla_f32_x(pg32_4,
+                                    sumf1,
+                                    svcvt_f32_x(pg32_4, acc_sumif),
+                                    svsuper_block_scales),
+                                svdmins,
+                                svsumfs_tmp);
+                    } // end of for nb
+                } // end of case 256-512
+                break;
+            default:
+                assert(false && "Unsupported vector length");
+                break;
+        }
+
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s, sumf1);
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s + bs, svreinterpret_f32_u8(svext_u8(svreinterpret_u8_f32(sumf1), svdup_n_u8(0), 8)));
+
+        return;
+    }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
     if (nrc == 2) {
         const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = x;
         const block_q4_K * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = (const block_q4_K *) ((const uint8_t *)vx + bx);
@@ -2235,7 +2467,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT q4 = x[i].qs;
         const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q8 = y[i].qs;
 
-        const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
         const svuint8_t m4b = svdup_n_u8(0xf);
         const svint32_t mzero = svdup_n_s32(0);
         svint32_t sumi1 = svdup_n_s32(0);
@@ -2480,7 +2711,201 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
     const int nb = n / QK_K;
 
-#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
+    const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
+#endif
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    if (nrc == 2) {
+        const svbool_t pg32_2 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL2);
+
+        svfloat32_t sum = svdup_n_f32(0);
+
+        const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx0 = vx;
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy0 = vy;
+        const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT vx1 = (const block_q6_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vx + bx);
+        const block_q8_K * GGML_RESTRICT vy1 = (const block_q8_K *) ((const uint8_t*)vy + by);
+
+        switch (vector_length) {
+            case 128:
+                {
+                    const svbool_t pg128_all = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_ALL);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql0 = vx0[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh0 = vx0[i].qh;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql1 = vx1[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh1 = vx1[i].qh;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q80 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q81 = vy1[i].qs;
+
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale0 = vx0[i].scales;
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale1 = vx1[i].scales;
+
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d));
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_x(pg128_all, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        // process q8sum summation 128 bit route
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_01 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_02 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy0[i].bsums + 8);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_11 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_12 = svld1_s16(pg128_all, vy1[i].bsums + 8);
+                        const svint64x2_t q6scales_0_tmp = svld2_s64(pg128_all, (const int64_t *)scale0);
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_01 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_0_tmp, 0)));
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_02 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_0_tmp, 1)));
+                        const svint64x2_t q6scales_1_tmp = svld2_s64(pg128_all, (const int64_t *)scale1);
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_11 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_1_tmp, 0)));
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_12 = svunpklo_s16(svreinterpret_s8_s64(svget2_s64(q6scales_1_tmp, 1)));
+                        const svint64_t prod = svdup_n_s64(0);
+
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp1 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_01, q6scales_01), q8sums_02, q6scales_02));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp2 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_01, q6scales_11), q8sums_02, q6scales_12));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp3 = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp1, isum_tmp2);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp4 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_11, q6scales_01), q8sums_12, q6scales_02));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp5 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_11, q6scales_11), q8sums_12, q6scales_12));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp6 = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp4, isum_tmp5);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp7 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp8 = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp3), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t svisum_mins = svadd_s32_x(pg128_all, isum_tmp7, isum_tmp8);
+
+                        // process mmla
+                        svint8_t  l0, l1, r0, r1;
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
+                            for (int k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_0 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, qh0+16*(k%2));
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_1 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, qh1+16*(k%2));
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_0 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, ql0+16*(k%4));
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_1 = svld1_u8(pg128_all, ql1+16*(k%4));
+                                const int ql_pos = (k/4)*4;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_0, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_0, 4);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_1, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bits_1, 4);
+                                const int qh_pos = (k/2)*2;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, qhbits_0, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg128_all, qhbits_1, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svint8_t  q6bytes_0, q6bytes_1;
+                                if (qh_pos <= 4) {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_0_lo, q6bytes_0_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_1_lo, q6bytes_1_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                } else {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_0_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_0_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_1_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg128_all, q6bytes_1_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                }
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_0 = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q80+16*(k%8));
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_1 = svld1_s8(pg128_all, q81+16*(k%8));
+                                l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                svint32_t svscale = svzip1_s32(svdup_n_s32(scale0[k]), svdup_n_s32(scale1[k]));
+                                isum_tmp = svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, isum_tmp, svmmla_s32(svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), r1, l1), svscale);
+                            }
+                            qh0 += 32;  qh1 += 32;
+                            ql0 += 64;  ql1 += 64;
+                            q80 += 128; q81 += 128;
+                            scale0 += 8; scale1 += 8;
+                        }
+                        sum = svmla_f32_x(pg128_all, sum,
+                                svcvt_f32_x(pg128_all, svmla_s32_x(pg128_all, isum_tmp,
+                                        svisum_mins, svdup_n_s32(-32))),
+                                svsuper_block_scales);
+                    }
+                } // end of case 128
+                break;
+            case 256:
+            case 512:
+                {
+                    const svbool_t pg256_all = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_ALL);
+                    const svbool_t pg32_4 = svptrue_pat_b32(SV_VL4);
+                    for (int i = 0; i < nb; ++i) {
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql0 = vx0[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh0 = vx0[i].qh;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT ql1 = vx1[i].ql;
+                        const uint8_t * GGML_RESTRICT qh1 = vx1[i].qh;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q80 = vy0[i].qs;
+                        const int8_t  * GGML_RESTRICT q81 = vy1[i].qs;
+
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale0 = vx0[i].scales;
+                        const int8_t * GGML_RESTRICT scale1 = vx1[i].scales;
+                        svfloat32_t vx_d = svzip1_f32(svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx0[i].d)), svdup_n_f32(GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(vx1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat64_t vy_d_tmp = svreinterpret_f64_f32(svuzp1_f32(svdup_n_f32(vy0[i].d), svdup_n_f32(vy1[i].d)));
+                        svfloat32_t vy_d = svreinterpret_f32_f64(svuzp1_f64(vy_d_tmp, vy_d_tmp));
+                        svfloat32_t svsuper_block_scales = svmul_f32_x(pg32_4, vy_d, vx_d);
+                        // process q8sum summation 256 bit route
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_0 = svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy0[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q8sums_1 = svld1_s16(pg256_all, vy1[i].bsums);
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_0 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg256_all, scale0));
+                        const svint16_t q6scales_1 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg256_all, scale1));
+                        const svint64_t prod = svdup_n_s64(0);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp1  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_0, q6scales_0));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp2  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_0, q6scales_1));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp3  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_1, q6scales_0));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp4  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svdot_s64(prod, q8sums_1, q6scales_1));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp5  = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp1, isum_tmp2);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp6  = svtrn1_s32(isum_tmp3, isum_tmp4);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp7  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp5), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp8  = svreinterpret_s32_s64(svtrn1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp5), svreinterpret_s64_s32(isum_tmp6)));
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp9  = svadd_s32_x(pg256_all, isum_tmp7, isum_tmp8);
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp10 = svreinterpret_s32_u8(svext_u8(svreinterpret_u8_s32(isum_tmp9), svreinterpret_u8_s32(isum_tmp9), 16));
+                        svint32_t svisum_mins = svadd_s32_z(pg32_4, isum_tmp9, isum_tmp10);
+
+                        // process mmla
+                        svint8_t l0, l1, r0, r1;
+                        svint32_t isum_tmp = svdup_n_s32(0);
+                        for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
+                            for (int k = 0; k < 8; k+=2) { // process 2 block
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_0  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, qh0);
+                                svuint8_t qhbits_1  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, qh1);
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_0  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, ql0+32*((k%4)/2));
+                                svuint8_t q6bits_1  = svld1_u8(pg256_all, ql1+32*((k%4)/2));
+                                const int ql_pos = (k/4)*4;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_0, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_0, 4);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_lo = (ql_pos < 4) ? svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_1, 0xf) : svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bits_1, 4);
+                                const int qh_pos = (k/2)*2;
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_0_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, qhbits_0, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svuint8_t q6bytes_1_hi = svand_n_u8_x(pg256_all, qhbits_1, 0x3 << qh_pos);
+                                svint8_t  q6bytes_0, q6bytes_1;
+                                if (qh_pos <= 4) {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_0_lo, q6bytes_0_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svmla_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_1_lo, q6bytes_1_hi, 1 << (4 - qh_pos)));
+                                } else {
+                                    q6bytes_0 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_0_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_0_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                    q6bytes_1 = svreinterpret_s8_u8(svorr_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_1_lo, svlsr_n_u8_x(pg256_all, q6bytes_1_hi, (qh_pos - 4))));
+                                }
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_0 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q80+32*(k/2));
+                                svint8_t  q8bytes_1 = svld1_s8(pg256_all, q81+32*(k/2));
+                                l0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                l1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q6bytes_1)));
+                                r0 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip1_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                r1 = svreinterpret_s8_s64(svzip2_s64(svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_0), svreinterpret_s64_s8(q8bytes_1)));
+                                svint32_t svscale0 = svzip1_s32(svdup_n_s32(scale0[k]), svdup_n_s32(scale1[k]));
+                                svint32_t svscale1 = svzip1_s32(svdup_n_s32(scale0[k+1]), svdup_n_s32(scale1[k+1]));
+                                isum_tmp = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, isum_tmp, svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r0, l0), svscale0);
+                                isum_tmp = svmla_s32_x(pg256_all, isum_tmp, svmmla_s32(svdup_n_s32(0), r1, l1), svscale1);
+                            }
+                            qh0 += 32;  qh1 += 32;
+                            ql0 += 64;  ql1 += 64;
+                            q80 += 128; q81 += 128;
+                            scale0 += 8; scale1 += 8;
+                        } // end of for
+                        svint32_t swap_isum_tmp = svext_s32(isum_tmp, isum_tmp, 4);
+                        isum_tmp = svadd_s32_x(pg32_4, isum_tmp, swap_isum_tmp);
+                        sum = svmla_f32_x(pg32_4, sum,
+                                svcvt_f32_x(pg32_4, svmla_s32_x(pg32_4, isum_tmp,
+                                        svisum_mins, svdup_n_s32(-32))),
+                                svsuper_block_scales);
+                    }
+                } // end of case 256
+                break;
+            default:
+                assert(false && "Unsupported vector length");
+                break;
+        } // end of switch
+
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s, sum);
+        svst1_f32(pg32_2, s + bs, svreinterpret_f32_u8(svext_u8(svreinterpret_u8_f32(sum), svdup_n_u8(0), 8)));
+
+        return;
+    }
+#elif defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
     if (nrc == 2) {
         const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT x0 = x;
         const block_q6_K * GGML_RESTRICT x1 = (const block_q6_K *) ((const uint8_t *)vx + bx);
@@ -2594,27 +3019,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             // adjust bias, apply superblock scale
             {
                 int32_t bias[4];
-#ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
-                const svbool_t pg16_8 = svptrue_pat_b16(SV_VL8);
-                const svbool_t pg8_8 = svptrue_pat_b8(SV_VL8);
-                const svint16_t y0_q8sums_0 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y0->bsums);
-                const svint16_t y0_q8sums_1 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y0->bsums + 8);
-                const svint16_t y1_q8sums_0 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y1->bsums);
-                const svint16_t y1_q8sums_1 = svld1_s16(pg16_8, y1->bsums + 8);
-                const svint16_t x0_q6scales_0 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x0->scales));
-                const svint16_t x0_q6scales_1 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x0->scales + 8));
-                const svint16_t x1_q6scales_0 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x1->scales));
-                const svint16_t x1_q6scales_1 = svunpklo_s16(svld1_s8(pg8_8, x1->scales + 8));
-                const svint64_t zero = svdup_n_s64(0);
-                bias[0] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_0, x0_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_1, x0_q6scales_1)));
-                bias[1] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_0, x0_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_1, x0_q6scales_1)));
-                bias[2] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_0, x1_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y0_q8sums_1, x1_q6scales_1)));
-                bias[3] = svaddv_s64(svptrue_b64(), svadd_s64_x(svptrue_b64(), svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_0, x1_q6scales_0),
-                                                                               svdot_s64(zero, y1_q8sums_1, x1_q6scales_1)));
-#else
                 // NEON doesn't support int16 dot product, fallback to separated mul and add
                 const int16x8x2_t q8sums0 = vld1q_s16_x2(y0->bsums);
                 const int16x8x2_t q8sums1 = vld1q_s16_x2(y1->bsums);
@@ -2646,7 +3050,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                                            vmull_s16(vget_high_s16(q8sums1.val[1]), vget_high_s16(q6scales1.val[1]))));
                 bias[3] = vaddvq_s32(prod);
 
-#endif
                 const int32x4_t vibias = vmulq_n_s32(vld1q_s32(bias), 32);
 
                 const float32x4_t superblock_scale = {
@@ -2672,7 +3075,6 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q6_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 #endif
 
 #ifdef __ARM_FEATURE_SVE
-    const int vector_length = ggml_cpu_get_sve_cnt()*8;
     float sum = 0;
     svuint8_t m4b = svdup_n_u8(0xf);
     svint32_t vzero = svdup_n_s32(0);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/loongarch/quants.c

@@ -700,7 +700,8 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
     for (; ib + 1 < nb; ib += 2) {
 
         // Compute combined scale for the block 0 and 1
-        const __m128 d_0_1 = (__m128)__lsx_vreplgr2vr_w( GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d) );
+        const float ft0 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib].d);
+        const __m128 d_0_1 = (__m128)(v4f32){ft0, ft0, ft0, ft0};
 
         const __m128i tmp_0_1 = __lsx_vld((const __m128i *)x[ib].qs, 0);
 
@@ -714,11 +715,9 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q4_0_q8_0(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
         bx_1 = __lsx_vsub_b(bx_1, off);
         const __m128i i32_1 = mul_sum_i8_pairs(bx_1, by_1);
 
-        //_mm_prefetch(&x[ib] + 2 * sizeof(block_q4_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
-        //_mm_prefetch(&y[ib] + 2 * sizeof(block_q8_0), _MM_HINT_T0);
-
         // Compute combined scale for the block 2 and 3
-        const __m128 d_2_3 = (__m128)__lsx_vreplgr2vr_w( GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d) );
+        const float ft1 = GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[ib + 1].d) * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[ib + 1].d);
+        const __m128 d_2_3 = (__m128)(v4f32){ft1, ft1, ft1, ft1};
 
         const __m128i tmp_2_3 = __lsx_vld((const __m128i *)x[ib + 1].qs, 0);
 

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/quants.c

@@ -580,16 +580,19 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const float dmin = -y[i].d * GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(x[i].dmin);
             uint8_t *patmp = atmp;
             int vsums;
-            int tmp;
+            int tmp, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7;
             __asm__ __volatile__(
                 "vsetivli zero, 16, e8, m1\n\t"
                 "vmv.v.x v8, zero\n\t"
+                "lb zero, 15(%[sc])\n\t"
                 "vle8.v v1, (%[sc])\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v2, (%[bsums])\n\t"
+                "addi %[tmp], %[bsums], 16\n\t"
                 "vand.vi v0, v1, 0xF\n\t"
                 "vsrl.vi v1, v1, 4\n\t"
+                "vle8.v v3, (%[tmp])\n\t"
                 "vse8.v v0, (%[scale])\n\t"
                 "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2\n\t"
-                "vle16.v v2, (%[bsums])\n\t"
                 "vzext.vf2 v0, v1\n\t"
                 "vwmul.vv v4, v0, v2\n\t"
                 "vsetivli zero, 16, e32, m4\n\t"
@@ -608,46 +611,89 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q2_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
 
             for (int j = 0; j < QK_K/128; ++j) {
                 __asm__ __volatile__(
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 31(%[q2])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[q2], 16\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[q8], 16\n\t"
+                    "vsetivli zero, 16, e8, m1\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v0, (%[q2])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v1, (%[tmp])\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v2, v0, 2\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v3, v1, 2\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v4, v0, 4\n\t"
-                    "vsrl.vi v6, v0, 6\n\t"
-                    "vand.vi v0, v0, 0x3\n\t"
-                    "vand.vi v2, v2, 0x3\n\t"
-                    "vand.vi v4, v4, 0x3\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[q8], 32\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v8, (%[q8])\n\t"
-                    "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v9, (%[t1])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[t1], 32\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v5, v1, 4\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v6, v0, 6\n\t"
+                    "vsrl.vi v7, v1, 6\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v10, (%[tmp])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v11, (%[t1])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[tmp], 32\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[t1], 32\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v0, v0, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v1, v1, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v2, v2, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v12, (%[tmp])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v13, (%[t1])\n\t"
+                    "addi %[tmp], %[tmp], 32\n\t"
+                    "addi %[t1], %[t1], 32\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v3, v3, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v4, v4, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vand.vi v5, v5, 0x3\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v14, (%[tmp])\n\t"
+                    "vle8.v v15, (%[t1])\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v18, v1, v9\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v20, v2, v10\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v22, v3, v11\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v24, v4, v12\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v26, v5, v13\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v28, v6, v14\n\t"
+                    "vwmul.vv v30, v7, v15\n\t"
+                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e16, m1\n\t"
                     "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v16, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[tmp], 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v16, v0\n\t"
                     "vwredsum.vs v9, v18, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v20, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v7, v22, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v24, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v26, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v28, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v30, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t1], 1(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v20, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v22, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t2], 2(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v24, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v26, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t3], 3(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v28, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v15, v30, v0\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t4], 4(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v17, v8\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v9, v19, v9\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t5], 5(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v21, v10\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v23, v11\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t6], 6(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v25, v12\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v27, v13\n\t"
+                    "lbu %[t7], 7(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v29, v14\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v15, v31, v15\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v9, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v8, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v12, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v13, v14, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v13, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v15, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vzext.vf4 v12, v15\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v10, v10, v12\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v10, v0\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v0, v8, %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v1, v9, %[t1]\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t2], v10\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t3], v11\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t4], v12\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t5], v13\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t6], v14\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t7], v15\n\t"
                     "vmv.x.s %[tmp], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]"
-                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [isum] "+&r" (isum)
+                    "vmv.x.s %[t1], v1\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[t1]"
+                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [t1] "=&r" (t1), [t2] "=&r" (t2), [t3] "=&r" (t3)
+                    , [t4] "=&r" (t4), [t5] "=&r" (t5), [t6] "=&r" (t6), [t7] "=&r" (t7)
+                    , [isum] "+&r" (isum)
                     : [q2] "r" (q2), [scale] "r" (patmp), [q8] "r" (q8)
-                    , [vl32] "r" (32), [vl64] "r" (64), [vl128] "r" (128)
                     : "memory"
                     , "v0", "v1", "v2", "v3", "v4", "v5", "v6", "v7"
                     , "v8", "v9", "v10", "v11", "v12", "v13", "v14", "v15"
@@ -929,7 +975,7 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             const  int8_t * restrict q8 = y[i].qs;
 
             int8_t * scale = (int8_t *)utmp;
-            int tmp;
+            int tmp, t1, t2, t3, t4, t5, t6, t7;
             __asm__ __volatile__(
                 "vsetivli zero, 12, e8, m1\n\t"
                 "vle8.v v0, (%[s6b])\n\t"
@@ -967,19 +1013,23 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
             int isum = 0;
             for (int j = 0; j < QK_K; j += 128) {
                 __asm__ __volatile__(
+                    "lb zero, 31(%[q3])\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl32], e8, m2, ta, mu\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v8, (%[q3])\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v12, v8, 4\n\t"
                     "vsrl.vi v14, v8, 6\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 64(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v8, v8, 3\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v10, v10, 3\n\t"
                     "vand.vi v12, v12, 3\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v2, (%[qh])\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 127(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vand.vx v4, v2, %[m]\n\t"
                     "slli %[m], %[m], 1\n\t"
                     "vmseq.vx v0, v4, zero\n\t"
                     "vadd.vi v8, v8, -4, v0.t\n\t"
+                    "lb zero, 0(%[q8])\n\t"
                     "vand.vx v4, v2, %[m]\n\t"
                     "slli %[m], %[m], 1\n\t"
                     "vmseq.vx v0, v4, zero\n\t"
@@ -994,34 +1044,43 @@ void ggml_vec_dot_q3_K_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const voi
                     "vadd.vi v14, v14, -4, v0.t\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl128], e8, m8\n\t"
                     "vle8.v v0, (%[q8])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[tmp], 0(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t1], 1(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t2], 2(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t3], 3(%[scale])\n\t"
                     "vsetvli zero, %[vl64], e8, m4\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v16, v0, v8\n\t"
                     "vwmul.vv v24, v4, v12\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 16, e16, m2\n\t"
                     "vmv.v.x v0, zero\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v16, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v16, v0\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t4], 4(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t5], 5(%[scale])\n\t"
                     "vwredsum.vs v9, v18, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v8, v20, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v7, v22, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v24, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v26, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v28, v0\n\t"
-                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v30, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v10, v20, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v11, v22, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v12, v24, v0\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t6], 6(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "lb %[t7], 7(%[scale])\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v13, v26, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v14, v28, v0\n\t"
+                    "vwredsum.vs v15, v30, v0\n\t"
                     "vsetivli zero, 4, e32, m1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v9, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v8, v7, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v12, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v13, v14, 1\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v10, v8, 2\n\t"
-                    "vslideup.vi v11, v13, 2\n\t"
-                    "vsetivli zero, 8, e32, m2\n\t"
-                    "vle8.v v15, (%[scale])\n\t"
-                    "vsext.vf4 v12, v15\n\t"
-                    "vmul.vv v10, v10, v12\n\t"
-                    "vredsum.vs v0, v10, v0\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v0, v8, %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "vmul.vx v1, v9, %[t1]\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t2], v10\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t3], v11\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t4], v12\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t5], v13\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v0, %[t6], v14\n\t"
+                    "vmacc.vx v1, %[t7], v15\n\t"
                     "vmv.x.s %[tmp], v0\n\t"
-                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]"
-                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [m] "+&r" (m), [isum] "+&r" (isum)
+                    "vmv.x.s %[t1], v1\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[tmp]\n\t"
+                    "add %[isum], %[isum], %[t1]"
+                    : [tmp] "=&r" (tmp), [t1] "=&r" (t1), [t2] "=&r" (t2), [t3] "=&r" (t3)
+                    , [t4] "=&r" (t4), [t5] "=&r" (t5), [t6] "=&r" (t6), [t7] "=&r" (t7)
+                    , [m] "+&r" (m), [isum] "+&r" (isum)
                     : [vl128] "r" (128), [vl64] "r" (64), [vl32] "r" (32)
                     , [q3] "r" (q3), [qh] "r" (qh), [scale] "r" (scale), [q8] "r" (q8)
                     : "memory"

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/s390/cpu-feats.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+#include "ggml-backend-impl.h"
+
+#if defined(__s390x__)
+#include <sys/auxv.h>
+
+// find hwcap bits in asm/elf.h
+#ifndef HWCAP_VXRS_EXT2
+#define HWCAP_VXRS_EXT2 (1 << 15)
+#endif
+
+#ifndef HWCAP_NNPA
+#define HWCAP_NNPA (1 << 20)
+#endif
+
+struct s390x_features {
+    bool has_vxe2 = false;
+    bool has_nnpa = false;
+
+    s390x_features() {
+        uint32_t hwcap = getauxval(AT_HWCAP);
+        // NOTE: use hwcap2 with DFLT for z17 and later
+        // uint32_t hwcap2 = getauxval(AT_HWCAP2);
+
+        has_vxe2 = !!(hwcap & HWCAP_VXRS_EXT2);
+        has_nnpa = !!(hwcap & HWCAP_NNPA);
+    }
+};
+
+static int ggml_backend_cpu_s390x_score() {
+    int score = 1;
+    s390x_features sf;
+
+// IBM z15 / LinuxONE 3
+#ifdef GGML_USE_VXE2
+    if (!sf.has_vxe2) { return 0; }
+    score += 1 << 1;
+#endif
+
+// IBM z16 / LinuxONE 4 and z17 / LinuxONE 5
+#ifdef GGML_USE_NNPA
+    if (!sf.has_nnpa) { return 0; }
+    score += 1 << 2;
+#endif
+
+    return score;
+}
+
+GGML_BACKEND_DL_SCORE_IMPL(ggml_backend_cpu_s390x_score)
+
+#endif  // __s390x__

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/x86/repack.cpp

@@ -646,7 +646,7 @@ static void gemm_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t
     __m256i requiredOrder = _mm256_set_epi32(3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4);
     int64_t xstart = 0;
     int anr = nr - nr%16; // Used to align nr with boundary of 16
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
+#if defined(__AVX512BW__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
     int anc = nc - nc%16; // Used to align nc with boundary of 16
                           // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
     const __m512i m4bexpanded = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x0F);
@@ -1041,7 +1041,7 @@ static void gemm_q4_b32_8x8_q8_0_lut_avx(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t
         xstart = anc/8;
         y = 0;
     }
-#endif // __AVX512F__
+#endif // __AVX512BW__ && __AVX512DQ__
 
     // Take group of four block_q8_0x4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
 
@@ -1989,7 +1989,7 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     __m256i requiredOrder = _mm256_set_epi32(3, 2, 1, 0, 7, 6, 5, 4);
     int64_t xstart = 0;
     int anr = nr - nr % 16;; // Used to align nr with boundary of 16
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
+#if defined(__AVX512BW__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
     int anc = nc - nc % 16; // Used to align nc with boundary of 16
     // Mask to mask out nibbles from packed bytes expanded to 512 bit length
     const __m512i m4bexpanded = _mm512_set1_epi8(0x0F);
@@ -2727,7 +2727,7 @@ void ggml_gemm_q4_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         xstart = anc/8;
         y = 0;
     }
-#endif //AVX512F
+#endif // __AVX512BW__ && __AVX512DQ__
 
     // Take group of four block_q8_Kx4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
     for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {
@@ -3467,7 +3467,7 @@ void ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
     __m256i scalesmask2 = _mm256_castsi128_si256(scalesmask2_sse);
     scalesmask2 = _mm256_permute2f128_si256(scalesmask2, scalesmask2, 0);
 
-#ifdef __AVX512F__
+#if defined(__AVX512BW__) && defined(__AVX512DQ__)
 
     int anc = nc - nc % 16; // Used to align nc with boundary of 16
 
@@ -4947,7 +4947,7 @@ void ggml_gemm_q2_K_8x8_q8_K(int n, float * GGML_RESTRICT s, size_t bs, const vo
         y = 0;
     }
 
-#endif //AVX512F
+#endif // __AVX512BW__ && __AVX512DQ__
 
     // Take group of four block_q8_Kx4 structures at each pass of the loop and perform dot product operation
     for (; y < anr / 4; y += 4) {

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu-impl.h

@@ -500,13 +500,15 @@ inline static int32x4_t ggml_vec_dot(int32x4_t acc, int8x16_t a, int8x16_t b) {
 
 #endif
 
-#if defined(__loongarch_asx)
+#if defined(__loongarch_sx)
 /* float type data load instructions */
 static __m128 __lsx_vreplfr2vr_s(const float val) {
     v4f32 res = {val, val, val, val};
     return (__m128)res;
 }
+#endif
 
+#if defined(__loongarch_asx)
 static __m256 __lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s(const float val) {
     v8f32 res = {val, val, val, val, val, val, val, val};
     return (__m256)res;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ggml-cpu.c

@@ -1613,13 +1613,8 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward_mul_mat_id(
             chunk_size = 64;
         }
 
-#if defined(__aarch64__)
-        // disable for ARM
-        const bool disable_chunking = true;
-#else
         // disable for NUMA
         const bool disable_chunking = ggml_is_numa();
-#endif // defined(__aarch64__)
 
         int64_t nchunk0 = (nr0 + chunk_size - 1) / chunk_size;
         int64_t nchunk1 = (nr1 + chunk_size - 1) / chunk_size;
@@ -1736,6 +1731,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_cumsum(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_MEAN:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_mean(params, tensor);
@@ -1812,22 +1811,6 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_cont(params, tensor);
             } break;
-        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_reshape(params, tensor);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_view(params, tensor);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_permute(params, tensor);
-            } break;
-        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
-            {
-                ggml_compute_forward_transpose(params, tensor);
-            } break;
         case GGML_OP_GET_ROWS:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_get_rows(params, tensor);
@@ -1948,6 +1931,14 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_tri(params, tensor);
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_fill(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_FLASH_ATTN_EXT:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext(params, tensor);
@@ -2003,6 +1994,10 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7(params, tensor);
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
+            {
+                ggml_compute_forward_solve_tri(params, tensor);
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_MAP_CUSTOM1:
             {
                 ggml_compute_forward_map_custom1(params, tensor);
@@ -2047,6 +2042,22 @@ static void ggml_compute_forward(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggm
             {
                 // nop
             } break;
+        case GGML_OP_RESHAPE:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_PERMUTE:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_VIEW:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
+        case GGML_OP_TRANSPOSE:
+            {
+                // nop
+            } break;
         case GGML_OP_COUNT:
             {
                 GGML_ABORT("fatal error");
@@ -2145,6 +2156,9 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
         case GGML_OP_ADD_ID:
         case GGML_OP_ADD1:
         case GGML_OP_ACC:
+        case GGML_OP_CUMSUM:
+        case GGML_OP_TRI:
+        case GGML_OP_FILL:
             {
                 n_tasks = n_threads;
             } break;
@@ -2162,6 +2176,7 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
                 n_tasks = 1;
             } break;
         case GGML_OP_COUNT_EQUAL:
+        case GGML_OP_SOLVE_TRI:
             {
                 n_tasks = n_threads;
             } break;
@@ -2184,6 +2199,8 @@ static int ggml_get_n_tasks(struct ggml_tensor * node, int n_threads) {
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSWISH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_HARDSIGMOID:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
@@ -2889,6 +2906,11 @@ static thread_ret_t ggml_graph_compute_thread(void * data) {
     for (int node_n = 0; node_n < cgraph->n_nodes && atomic_load_explicit(&tp->abort, memory_order_relaxed) != node_n; node_n++) {
         struct ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[node_n];
 
+        if (ggml_op_is_empty(node->op)) {
+            // skip NOPs
+            continue;
+        }
+
         ggml_compute_forward(&params, node);
 
         if (state->ith == 0 && cplan->abort_callback &&
@@ -3274,6 +3296,13 @@ void ggml_cpu_fp16_to_fp32(const ggml_fp16_t * x, float * y, int64_t n) {
         __m128 y_vec = _mm_cvtph_ps(x_vec);
         _mm_storeu_ps(y + i, y_vec);
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m1(n - i);
+        vfloat16m1_t vx = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m1((_Float16 *)&x[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m2_t vy = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m2(vx, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], vy, vl);
+    }
 #endif
 
     for (; i < n; ++i) {

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.cpp

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 // KleidiAI micro-kernels
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p_qsi4c32p_interface.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp_qsi8cxp_interface.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x8_qsi4c32p4x8_1x4x32_neon_dotprod.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p4x4_qsi4c32p4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.h"
@@ -11,23 +12,34 @@
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1vlx4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qsi8d32p1x4_qsi4c32p4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_sdot.h"
 #include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_bf16p2vlx2_bf16p2vlx2_2vlx2vl_sme2_mopa.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod.h"
+#include "kai_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm.h"
 
 #include "kai_lhs_pack_bf16p2vlx2_f32_sme.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p4x8sb_f32_neon.h"
 #include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qsi8d32p_f32_neon.h"
+#include "kai_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32.h"
 
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_kxn_bf16p2vlx2b_f32_x32_sme.h"
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32pscalef16_qsu4c32s16s0.h"
 #include "kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16_qsu4c32s16s0_neon.h"
+#include "kai_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon.h"
 
 #include "kai_common.h"
 
 #include "simd-mappings.h"
 
+#define GGML_COMMON_DECL_CPP
+#include "ggml-common.h"
+
 #include "kernels.h"
 
-#define NELEMS(x) sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x)
+#define NELEMS(x) (sizeof(x) / sizeof(*x))
 
 template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t)>
 static inline size_t kernel_offs_fn3(size_t a, size_t b, size_t c) {
@@ -55,6 +67,14 @@ static inline void kernel_run_fn10(size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/,
     Fn(m, n, k, lhs, rhs, dst, dst_stride_row, dst_stride_col, clamp_min, clamp_max);
 }
 
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,const void*,float*,size_t,size_t,float,float)>
+static inline void kernel_run_float_fn10(size_t m, size_t n, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/,
+                                     const void* lhs, const void* rhs, void* dst,
+                                     size_t dst_stride_row, size_t dst_stride_col,
+                                     float clamp_min, float clamp_max) {
+    Fn(m, n, k, lhs, rhs, static_cast<float*>(dst), dst_stride_row, dst_stride_col, clamp_min, clamp_max);
+}
+
 template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
 static inline size_t lhs_ps_fn6(size_t m, size_t k, size_t bl, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr) {
     return Fn(m, k, bl, mr, kr, sr);
@@ -93,6 +113,12 @@ static inline void lhs_pack_void_fn9(size_t m, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/, size_t m
     Fn(m, k, mr, kr, sr, m_idx_start, lhs, lhs_stride, lhs_packed);
 }
 
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const float*,size_t,void*)>
+static inline void lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl(size_t m, size_t k, size_t /*bl*/, size_t mr, size_t kr, size_t sr,
+                                            size_t m_idx_start, const void * lhs, size_t lhs_stride, void * lhs_packed) {
+    Fn(m, k, mr, kr, sr, m_idx_start, static_cast<const float*>(lhs), lhs_stride, lhs_packed);
+}
+
 template<size_t(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t)>
 static inline size_t rhs_ps_fn5(size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t bl) {
     return Fn(n, k, nr, kr, bl);
@@ -124,6 +150,18 @@ static inline void rhs_pack_fn12(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t n
        static_cast<const kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param*>(params));
 }
 
+template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const int8_t*,const float*,const float*,void*,size_t,const struct kai_rhs_pack_qsi8cx_params*)>
+static inline void rhs_pack_scale_fn12(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t /*bl*/,
+                                               size_t /*rhs_stride*/, const void* rhs, const void* bias, const void* scale,
+                                               void* rhs_packed, size_t extra_bytes, const void* params) {
+    Fn(num_groups, n, k, nr, kr, sr,
+       static_cast<const int8_t*>(rhs),
+       static_cast<const float*>(bias),
+       static_cast<const float*>(scale),
+       rhs_packed, extra_bytes,
+       static_cast<const kai_rhs_pack_qsi8cx_params*>(params));
+}
+
 template<void(*Fn)(size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,size_t,const void*,const void*,const void*,void*,size_t,const void*)>
 static inline void rhs_pack_fn13(size_t num_groups, size_t n, size_t k, size_t nr, size_t kr, size_t sr, size_t /*bl*/,
                                                size_t rhs_stride, const void* rhs, const void* bias, const void* scale,
@@ -213,6 +251,57 @@ static void dequantize_row_qsi4c32ps1s0scalef16(
     GGML_UNUSED(kr);
 }
 
+static void dequantize_row_qsi8cxp(
+    const void *packed_data,
+    int32_t row_idx,
+    int64_t k,
+    float *out,
+    size_t nr,
+    size_t packed_row_stride,
+    size_t kr,
+    size_t bl,
+    size_t num_bytes_multiplier
+) {
+    GGML_UNUSED(bl);
+    GGML_UNUSED(num_bytes_multiplier);
+
+    const size_t k_internal = ((size_t) k + QK8_0 - 1) / QK8_0 * QK8_0;
+    const size_t group_idx = row_idx / nr;
+    const size_t row_in_group = row_idx % nr;
+
+    const uint8_t * group_ptr = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(packed_data) + group_idx * packed_row_stride;
+    const int8_t  * data_base = reinterpret_cast<const int8_t *>(group_ptr);
+
+    const size_t num_blocks = k_internal / kr;
+
+    for (size_t block = 0; block < num_blocks; ++block) {
+        const int8_t * block_ptr = data_base + (block * nr + row_in_group) * kr;
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < kr; ++i) {
+            const size_t k_idx = block * kr + i;
+            if (k_idx < (size_t) k) {
+                out[k_idx] = static_cast<float>(block_ptr[i]);
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    const uint8_t * sums_ptr = group_ptr + nr * k_internal;
+    GGML_UNUSED(sums_ptr);
+
+    const float * scale_ptr = reinterpret_cast<const float *>(sums_ptr + nr * sizeof(int32_t));
+    const float scale = scale_ptr[row_in_group];
+
+    if (scale == 0.0f) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) k; ++i) {
+            out[i] = 0.0f;
+        }
+        return;
+    }
+
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < (size_t) k; ++i) {
+        out[i] *= scale;
+    }
+}
+
 static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME)
     {
@@ -546,6 +635,176 @@ static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels[] = {
     },
 #endif
 #endif
+    { /* Sentinel */ }
+};
+
+static ggml_kleidiai_kernels gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[] = {
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME)
+    {
+        /* SME GEMM */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1vlx4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1vlx4vl_sme2_mopa>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* SME GEMV */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4vlx4_1x4vl_sme2_dot>,
+        },
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* .rhs_info = */ {
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi8cxp,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_scale_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+        },
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_SME,
+        /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    },
+#endif
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    {
+        /* I8MM GEMM */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x8_qsi8cxp4x8_16x4_neon_i8mm>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* I8MM GEMV (dotprod fallback) */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x8_qsi8cxp4x8_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* .rhs_info = */ {
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi8cxp,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_scale_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+        },
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD | CPU_FEATURE_I8MM,
+        /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    },
+#endif
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+    {
+        /* DOTPROD GEMM */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp4x4_qsi8cxp4x4_16x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemm_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* DOTPROD GEMV */
+        {
+            /* .get_m_step            = */ kai_get_m_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_n_step            = */ kai_get_n_step_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_mr                = */ kai_get_mr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_nr                = */ kai_get_nr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_kr                = */ kai_get_kr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_sr                = */ kai_get_sr_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_offset        = */ kai_get_dst_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_dst_size          = */ kai_get_dst_size_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod,
+            /* .get_lhs_offset_ex     = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .get_rhs_packed_offset_ex = */ &kernel_offs_fn2<kai_get_rhs_packed_offset_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+            /* .run_kernel_ex         = */ &kernel_run_float_fn10<kai_run_matmul_clamp_f32_qai8dxp1x4_qsi8cxp4x4_1x4_neon_dotprod>,
+        },
+        /* .gemv_lhs_info = */ {
+            /* .get_offset            = */ kai_get_lhs_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32,
+            /* .get_packed_offset_ex  = */ &lhs_offs_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_offset_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &lhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_lhs_packed_size_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &lhs_pack_float_fn9_no_bl<kai_run_lhs_quant_pack_qai8dxp_f32>,
+        },
+        /* .rhs_info = */ {
+            /* .packed_stride         = */ kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon,
+            /* .to_float              = */ dequantize_row_qsi8cxp,
+            /* .packed_size_ex        = */ &rhs_ps_fn5<kai_get_rhs_packed_size_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .packed_stride_ex      = */ &rhs_stride_fn4<kai_get_rhs_packed_stride_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+            /* .pack_func_ex          = */ &rhs_pack_scale_fn12<kai_run_rhs_pack_nxk_qsi8cxp_qsi8cx_neon>,
+        },
+        /* .required_cpu       = */ CPU_FEATURE_DOTPROD,
+        /* .lhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+        /* .rhs_type           = */ GGML_TYPE_Q8_0,
+        /* .op_type            = */ GGML_TYPE_F32,
+    },
+#endif
+    { /* Sentinel */ }
 };
 
 ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(cpu_feature cpu_features, const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
@@ -553,7 +812,7 @@ ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(cpu_feature cpu_features, c
 
     if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && tensor->src[0] != nullptr && tensor->src[1] != nullptr) {
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels); ++i) {
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels) - 1; ++i) {
             if ((cpu_features & gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu) == gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu &&
                 gemm_gemv_kernels[i].lhs_type == tensor->src[1]->type &&
                 gemm_gemv_kernels[i].rhs_type == tensor->src[0]->type &&
@@ -562,6 +821,21 @@ ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(cpu_feature cpu_features, c
                 break;
             }
         }
+        if (!kernel) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels_q8) - 1; ++i) {
+                if ((cpu_features & gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].required_cpu) == gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].required_cpu &&
+                    gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].lhs_type == tensor->src[1]->type &&
+                    gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].rhs_type == tensor->src[0]->type &&
+                    gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].op_type  == tensor->type) {
+                    kernel = &gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i];
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(gemm_gemv_kernels);
+    GGML_UNUSED(gemm_gemv_kernels_q8);
+    GGML_UNUSED(cpu_features);
 #endif
     }
 
@@ -572,12 +846,31 @@ ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(cpu_feature features)
     ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = nullptr;
 
 #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels); ++i) {
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels) - 1; ++i) {
         if ((features & gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu) == gemm_gemv_kernels[i].required_cpu) {
             kernels = &gemm_gemv_kernels[i];
             break;
         }
     }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(features);
+#endif
+
+    return kernels;
+}
+
+ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q8_0(cpu_feature features) {
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = nullptr;
+
+#if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SME) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD) || defined(__ARM_FEATURE_MATMUL_INT8)
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < NELEMS(gemm_gemv_kernels_q8) - 1; ++i) {
+        if ((features & gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].required_cpu) == gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i].required_cpu) {
+            kernels = &gemm_gemv_kernels_q8[i];
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+#else
+    GGML_UNUSED(features);
 #endif
 
     return kernels;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kernels.h

@@ -87,3 +87,4 @@ struct ggml_kleidiai_kernels {
 
 ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(cpu_feature cpu_features, const ggml_tensor * tensor);
 ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(cpu_feature features);
+ggml_kleidiai_kernels * ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q8_0(cpu_feature features);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/kleidiai/kleidiai.cpp

@@ -5,10 +5,13 @@
 #include <assert.h>
 #include <atomic>
 #include <cfloat>
+#include <cmath>
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <stdint.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 #if defined(__linux__)
 #include <asm/hwcap.h>
 #include <sys/auxv.h>
@@ -38,8 +41,9 @@
 
 struct ggml_kleidiai_context {
     cpu_feature features;
-    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels;
-} static ctx = { CPU_FEATURE_NONE, NULL };
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels_q4;
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels_q8;
+} static ctx = { CPU_FEATURE_NONE, NULL, NULL };
 
 static const char* cpu_feature_to_string(cpu_feature f) {
     switch (f) {
@@ -73,10 +77,14 @@ static void init_kleidiai_context(void) {
         if (sme_enabled != 0) {
             ctx.features |= ggml_cpu_has_sme() ? CPU_FEATURE_SME : CPU_FEATURE_NONE;
         }
-        ctx.kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(ctx.features);
+        ctx.kernels_q4 = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q4_0(ctx.features);
+        ctx.kernels_q8 = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels_q8_0(ctx.features);
 #ifndef NDEBUG
-        if (ctx.kernels) {
-            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("kleidiai: using kernel with CPU feature %s\n", cpu_feature_to_string(ctx.kernels->required_cpu));
+        if (ctx.kernels_q4) {
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("kleidiai: using q4 kernel with CPU feature %s\n", cpu_feature_to_string(ctx.kernels_q4->required_cpu));
+        }
+        if (ctx.kernels_q8) {
+            GGML_LOG_DEBUG("kleidiai: using q8 kernel with CPU feature %s\n", cpu_feature_to_string(ctx.kernels_q8->required_cpu));
         }
 #endif
     }
@@ -130,6 +138,9 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
             if (!lhs_info->packed_size_ex) return false;
             size = lhs_info->packed_size_ex(m, k, QK4_0, mr, kr, sr);
+        } else if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            if (!lhs_info->packed_size_ex) return false;
+            size = lhs_info->packed_size_ex(m, k, QK8_0, mr, kr, sr);
         } else if (kernels->rhs_type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
             if (!lhs_info->packed_size_ex || !kernels->rhs_info.packed_size_ex) return false;
             const int64_t lhs_batch_size0 = op->src[1]->ne[2];
@@ -149,11 +160,13 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         if (dst->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) {
             if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
                 return compute_forward_q4_0(params, dst);
+            } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+                return compute_forward_q8_0(params, dst);
             } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
                 return compute_forward_fp16(params, dst);
             }
         } else if (dst->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) {
-            if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+            if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
                 return compute_forward_get_rows(params, dst);
             }
         }
@@ -400,19 +413,120 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         return true;
     }
 
-    bool compute_forward_get_rows(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-        if (!ctx.kernels) {
-            return false;
-        }
+    bool compute_forward_q8_0(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0);
 
         const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
         const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
 
         GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
 
-        rhs_packing_info * rhs_info = &ctx.kernels->rhs_info;
-        kernel_info * kernel        = &ctx.kernels->gemm;
+        ggml_kleidiai_kernels *kernels = ggml_kleidiai_select_kernels(ctx.features, dst);
+        if (!kernels) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        bool is_gemv = src1->ne[1] == 1;
+        kernel_info * kernel = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv : &kernels->gemm;
+        lhs_packing_info * lhs_info = is_gemv ? &kernels->gemv_lhs_info : &kernels->gemm_lhs_info;
+
+        if (!kernel || !lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex || !lhs_info->pack_func_ex ||
+            !kernel->get_rhs_packed_offset_ex || !kernel->run_kernel_ex || !kernel->get_dst_offset) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        const int ith = params->ith;
+        const int nth_raw = params->nth;
+        const int nth = nth_raw > 0 ? nth_raw : 1;
+
+        const size_t k = ne00;
+        const size_t m = ne11;
+        const size_t n = ne01;
+
+        size_t mr = kernel->get_mr();
+        size_t kr = kernel->get_kr();
+        size_t sr = kernel->get_sr();
+
+        const uint8_t * lhs        = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src1->data);
+        uint8_t * lhs_packed       = static_cast<uint8_t *>(params->wdata);
+        const uint8_t * rhs_packed = static_cast<const uint8_t *>(src0->data);
+
+        const size_t n_step = kernel->get_n_step();
+        const size_t num_n_per_thread = kai_roundup(kai_roundup(n, nth) / nth, n_step);
+        const size_t n_start = ith * num_n_per_thread;
+
+        size_t n_to_process = 0;
+        if (n_start < n) {
+            n_to_process = num_n_per_thread;
+            if ((n_start + n_to_process) > n) {
+                n_to_process = n - n_start;
+            }
+        }
+
+        const size_t num_m_per_thread = kai_roundup(m, mr * nth) / nth;
+        const size_t m_start = ith * num_m_per_thread;
+        size_t m_to_process = num_m_per_thread;
+        if ((m_start + m_to_process) > m) {
+            m_to_process = m - m_start;
+        }
+
+        if (m_start < m) {
+            const size_t src_stride        = src1->nb[1];
+            const float * src_ptr          = reinterpret_cast<const float *>(lhs + lhs_info->get_offset(m_start, dst->src[1]->nb[1]));
+            const size_t lhs_packed_offset = lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(m_start, k, 0, mr, kr, sr);
+            void * lhs_packed_ptr          = static_cast<void *>(lhs_packed + lhs_packed_offset);
+
+            lhs_info->pack_func_ex(m_to_process, k, 0, mr, kr, sr, 0, src_ptr, src_stride, lhs_packed_ptr);
+        }
+
+        ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
+
+        const size_t dst_stride        = dst->nb[1];
+        const size_t lhs_packed_offset = lhs_info->get_packed_offset_ex(0, k, 0, mr, kr, sr);
+        const size_t rhs_packed_offset = kernel->get_rhs_packed_offset_ex(n_start, k, 0);
+        const size_t dst_offset        = kernel->get_dst_offset(0, n_start, dst_stride);
+        const void * rhs_ptr           = static_cast<const void *>(rhs_packed + rhs_packed_offset);
+        const void * lhs_ptr           = static_cast<const void *>(lhs_packed + lhs_packed_offset);
+        float * dst_ptr                = reinterpret_cast<float *>(static_cast<uint8_t *>(dst->data) + dst_offset);
+
+        if (n_to_process > 0) {
+            kernel->run_kernel_ex(m, n_to_process, k, 0, lhs_ptr, rhs_ptr, dst_ptr, dst_stride,
+                                  sizeof(float), -FLT_MAX, FLT_MAX);
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    bool compute_forward_get_rows(struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst) {
+        const ggml_tensor * src0 = dst->src[0];
+        const ggml_tensor * src1 = dst->src[1];
+
+        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+        ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = nullptr;
+        size_t block_len = 0;
+        size_t num_bytes_multiplier = 0;
+
+        if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+            if (!ctx.kernels_q4) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            kernels = ctx.kernels_q4;
+            block_len = QK4_0;
+            num_bytes_multiplier = sizeof(uint16_t);
+        } else if (dst->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            if (!ctx.kernels_q8) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            kernels = ctx.kernels_q8;
+            block_len = QK8_0;
+            num_bytes_multiplier = sizeof(float);
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        rhs_packing_info * rhs_info = &kernels->rhs_info;
+        kernel_info * kernel        = &kernels->gemm;
         if (!rhs_info->to_float || !kernel->get_nr) {
             return false;
         }
@@ -423,8 +537,7 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
         const size_t block_rows = kernel->get_nr();
         const size_t kr         = kernel->get_kr();
 
-        const size_t num_bytes_multiplier = sizeof(uint16_t);
-        const size_t packed_stride = rhs_info->packed_stride(nc, block_rows, kr, QK4_0);
+        const size_t packed_stride = rhs_info->packed_stride(nc, block_rows, kr, block_len);
 
         const int ith = params->ith;
         const int nth = params->nth;
@@ -439,7 +552,7 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
             GGML_ASSERT(row_idx >= 0 && row_idx < src0->ne[1]);
 
             float *out = (float *)((char *)dst->data + i * nb1);
-            rhs_info->to_float(src0->data, row_idx, nc, out, block_rows, packed_stride, kr, QK4_0, num_bytes_multiplier);
+            rhs_info->to_float(src0->data, row_idx, nc, out, block_rows, packed_stride, kr, block_len, num_bytes_multiplier);
         }
 
         return true;
@@ -447,21 +560,91 @@ class tensor_traits : public ggml::cpu::tensor_traits {
 
 public:
     int repack(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, const void * data, size_t data_size) {
-        GGML_ASSERT(tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-        GGML_ASSERT(ctx.kernels);
         const size_t n = tensor->ne[1];
         const size_t k = tensor->ne[0];
-        size_t nr      = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_nr();
-        size_t kr      = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_kr();
-        size_t sr      = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_sr();
 
-        struct kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param params;
-        params.lhs_zero_point = 1;
-        params.rhs_zero_point = 8;
-        ctx.kernels->rhs_info.pack_func_ex(1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, QK4_0, 0, (const uint8_t*)data, nullptr, nullptr, tensor->data, 0, &params);
+        if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+            if (!ctx.kernels_q4) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+            size_t nr = ctx.kernels_q4->gemm.get_nr();
+            size_t kr = ctx.kernels_q4->gemm.get_kr();
+            size_t sr = ctx.kernels_q4->gemm.get_sr();
+
+            struct kai_rhs_pack_qs4cxs1s0_param params;
+            params.lhs_zero_point = 1;
+            params.rhs_zero_point = 8;
+            ctx.kernels_q4->rhs_info.pack_func_ex(1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, QK4_0, 0,
+                                                  static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data),
+                                                  nullptr, nullptr, tensor->data, 0, &params);
+            GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+            return 0;
+        } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+            if (!ctx.kernels_q8) {
+                return -1;
+            }
+
+            const size_t row_stride = tensor->nb[1];
+            const size_t k_blocks   = (k + QK8_0 - 1) / QK8_0;
+
+            std::vector<int8_t> qdata(n * k, 0);
+            std::vector<float> scales(n, 0.0f);
+
+            for (size_t row = 0; row < n; ++row) {
+                const auto * row_blocks = reinterpret_cast<const block_q8_0 *>(
+                    static_cast<const uint8_t *>(data) + row * row_stride);
+
+                float max_abs = 0.0f;
+                for (size_t block = 0; block < k_blocks; ++block) {
+                    const block_q8_0 & blk = row_blocks[block];
+                    const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(blk.d);
+                    for (size_t l = 0; l < QK8_0; ++l) {
+                        const size_t linear_idx = block * QK8_0 + l;
+                        if (linear_idx >= k) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        const float value = d * blk.qs[l];
+                        max_abs = std::max(max_abs, std::fabs(value));
+                    }
+                }
+
+                float scale = max_abs > 0.0f ? max_abs / 127.0f : 0.0f;
+                scales[row] = scale;
+                const float inv_scale = scale > 0.0f ? 1.0f / scale : 0.0f;
+
+                for (size_t block = 0; block < k_blocks; ++block) {
+                    const block_q8_0 & blk = row_blocks[block];
+                    const float d = GGML_FP16_TO_FP32(blk.d);
+                    for (size_t l = 0; l < QK8_0; ++l) {
+                        const size_t linear_idx = block * QK8_0 + l;
+                        if (linear_idx >= k) {
+                            break;
+                        }
+                        const float value = d * blk.qs[l];
+                        int32_t q = scale > 0.0f ? static_cast<int32_t>(std::lround(value * inv_scale)) : 0;
+                        q = std::clamp(q, -127, 127);
+                        qdata[row * k + linear_idx] = static_cast<int8_t>(q);
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+
+            size_t nr = ctx.kernels_q8->gemm.get_nr();
+            size_t kr = ctx.kernels_q8->gemm.get_kr();
+            size_t sr = ctx.kernels_q8->gemm.get_sr();
+
+            struct kai_rhs_pack_qsi8cx_params params;
+            params.lhs_zero_point = 1;
+            params.scale_multiplier = 1.0f;
+
+            ctx.kernels_q8->rhs_info.pack_func_ex(1, n, k, nr, kr, sr, 0, 0,
+                                                  qdata.data(), nullptr, scales.data(),
+                                                  tensor->data, 0, &params);
+            GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+            return 0;
+        }
 
-        return 0;
         GGML_UNUSED(data_size);
+        return -1;
     }
 };
 
@@ -518,27 +701,45 @@ static size_t ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_get_alignment(ggml_backend_b
 }
 
 static size_t ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type_get_alloc_size(ggml_backend_buffer_type_t buft, const struct ggml_tensor * tensor) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0);
-    GGML_ASSERT(ctx.kernels);
-
-    const size_t n  = tensor->ne[1];
-    const size_t k  = tensor->ne[0];
-    const size_t nr = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_nr();
-    const size_t kr = ctx.kernels->gemm.get_kr();
-
-    return ctx.kernels->rhs_info.packed_size_ex(n, k, nr, kr, QK4_0);
-
     GGML_UNUSED(buft);
+
+    const size_t n = tensor->ne[1];
+    const size_t k = tensor->ne[0];
+
+    ggml_kleidiai_kernels * kernels = nullptr;
+    size_t block_len = 0;
+
+    if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx.kernels_q4);
+        kernels = ctx.kernels_q4;
+        block_len = QK4_0;
+    } else if (tensor->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ctx.kernels_q8);
+        kernels = ctx.kernels_q8;
+        block_len = QK8_0;
+    } else {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    const size_t nr = kernels->gemm.get_nr();
+    const size_t kr = kernels->gemm.get_kr();
+    const size_t packed = kernels->rhs_info.packed_size_ex(n, k, nr, kr, block_len);
+    const size_t raw     = ggml_nbytes(tensor);
+
+    return packed > raw ? packed : raw;
 }
 
 namespace ggml::cpu::kleidiai {
 class extra_buffer_type : ggml::cpu::extra_buffer_type {
     bool supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t, const struct ggml_tensor * op) override {
         if ((op->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT || op->op == GGML_OP_GET_ROWS) &&
-            op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 &&
+            (op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0 || op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q8_0) &&
             op->src[0]->buffer &&
             (ggml_n_dims(op->src[0]) == 2) &&
-            op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type() && ctx.kernels) {
+            op->src[0]->buffer->buft == ggml_backend_cpu_kleidiai_buffer_type()) {
+            if (((op->src[0]->type == GGML_TYPE_Q4_0) ? ctx.kernels_q4 : ctx.kernels_q8) == nullptr) {
+                return false;
+            }
             if (op->src[1]->buffer && !ggml_backend_buft_is_host(op->src[1]->buffer->buft)) {
                 return false;
             }

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/ops.h

@@ -34,6 +34,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_add1(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct
 void ggml_compute_forward_acc(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_sum(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_sum_rows(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_cumsum(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_mean(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_argmax(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_count_equal(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -51,10 +52,6 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_scale(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struc
 void ggml_compute_forward_set(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_cpy(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_cont(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_reshape(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_view(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_permute(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
-void ggml_compute_forward_transpose(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_get_rows_back(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_set_rows(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
@@ -85,6 +82,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_arange(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, stru
 void ggml_compute_forward_timestep_embedding(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_argsort(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_leaky_relu(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_tri(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_fill(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_ext(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_flash_attn_back(
         const struct ggml_compute_params * params,
@@ -100,6 +99,7 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_get_rel_pos(const struct ggml_compute_params * params,
 void ggml_compute_forward_add_rel_pos(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv6(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_rwkv_wkv7(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_solve_tri(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_gla(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_map_custom1(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_map_custom2(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/repack.cpp

@@ -1600,6 +1600,55 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
         return false;
     }
 
+    void forward_mul_mat_one_chunk(ggml_compute_params * params,
+                                   ggml_tensor *         op,
+                                   int64_t               src0_start,
+                                   int64_t               src0_end,
+                                   int64_t               src1_start,
+                                   int64_t               src1_end) {
+        const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
+        const ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
+        ggml_tensor *       dst  = op;
+
+        GGML_TENSOR_BINARY_OP_LOCALS
+
+        const size_t src1_col_stride = ggml_row_size(PARAM_TYPE, ne10);
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == 1 && ne13 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne12 % ne02 == 0);
+        const int64_t r2 = ne12 / ne02;
+
+        const int64_t i12 = src1_start / ne1;
+        const int64_t i11 = src1_start - i12 * ne1;
+
+        // Determine batch index
+        const int64_t i02 = i12 / r2;
+
+        const int64_t i1 = i11;
+        const int64_t i2 = i12;
+
+        const char * src0_ptr = (const char *) src0->data + i02 * nb02;
+        const char * src1_ptr = (const char *) params->wdata + (i11 + i12 * ne11) * src1_col_stride;
+        char *       dst_ptr  = ((char *) dst->data + (i1 * nb1 + i2 * nb2));
+
+        const int64_t nrows = src1_end - src1_start;
+        const int64_t ncols = src0_end - src0_start;
+
+        GGML_ASSERT(src1_ptr + src1_col_stride * nrows <= (const char *) params->wdata + params->wsize);
+
+        // If there are more than three rows in src1, use gemm; otherwise, use gemv.
+        if (nrows > 3) {
+            gemm<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00, (float *) (dst_ptr) + src0_start, nb1 / nb0,
+                                                             src0_ptr + src0_start * nb01, src1_ptr,
+                                                             nrows - (nrows % 4), ncols);
+        }
+        for (int iter = nrows - (nrows % 4); iter < nrows; iter++) {
+            gemv<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00, (float *) (dst_ptr + (iter * nb1)) + src0_start,
+                                                             ne01, src0_ptr + src0_start * nb01,
+                                                             src1_ptr + (src1_col_stride * iter), 1 /* nrows */, ncols);
+        }
+    }
+
     void forward_mul_mat(ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * op) {
         const ggml_tensor * src0 = op->src[0];
         const ggml_tensor * src1 = op->src[1];
@@ -1621,6 +1670,12 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
         GGML_ASSERT(nb1 <= nb2);
         GGML_ASSERT(nb2 <= nb3);
 
+        // TODO: General batched mul mat for 4D tensors
+        // Currently only supports 3D tensors
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne03 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne13 == 1);
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne3 == 1);
+
         GGML_ASSERT(src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32);
 
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_n_dims(op->src[0]) == 2);
@@ -1628,46 +1683,101 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
 
         char *       wdata = static_cast<char *>(params->wdata);
         const size_t nbw1  = ggml_row_size(PARAM_TYPE, ne10);
+        const size_t nbw2  = nbw1 * ne11;
 
-        assert(params->wsize >= nbw1 * ne11);
+        assert(params->wsize >= nbw2 * ne12);
 
         const ggml_from_float_t from_float = ggml_get_type_traits_cpu(PARAM_TYPE)->from_float;
 
-        int64_t i11_processed = 0;
-        for (int64_t i11 = ith * 4; i11 < ne11 - ne11 % 4; i11 += nth * 4) {
-            ggml_quantize_mat_t<INTER_SIZE, PARAM_TYPE>((float *) ((char *) src1->data + i11 * nb11), (void *) (wdata + i11 * nbw1), 4, ne10);
+        // INFO: Quantization is done in planes to avoid extra complexity in chunking.
+        // Flattening dimensions not multiple of INTER_SIZE would require extra handling depending on how
+        // the planes are broadcast.
+        for (int64_t i12 = 0; i12 < ne12; i12++) {
+            char * data_ptr  = (char *) src1->data + i12 * nb12;
+            char * wdata_ptr = wdata + i12 * nbw2;
+
+            for (int64_t i11 = ith * 4; i11 < ne11 - ne11 % 4; i11 += nth * 4) {
+                ggml_quantize_mat_t<INTER_SIZE, PARAM_TYPE>((float *) (data_ptr + i11 * nb11),
+                                                            (void *) (wdata_ptr + i11 * nbw1), 4, ne10);
+            }
+
+            const int64_t i11_processed = ne11 - ne11 % 4;
+            for (int64_t i11 = i11_processed + ith; i11 < ne11; i11 += nth) {
+                from_float((float *) (data_ptr + i11 * nb11), (void *) (wdata_ptr + i11 * nbw1), ne10);
+            }
         }
 
-        i11_processed = ne11 - ne11 % 4;
-        for (int64_t i11 = i11_processed + ith; i11 < ne11; i11 += nth) {
-            from_float((float *) ((char *) src1->data + i11 * nb11), (void *) (wdata + i11 * nbw1), ne10);
+        // disable for NUMA
+        const bool disable_chunking = ggml_is_numa();
+
+        // 4x chunks per thread
+        const int64_t nr0 = ggml_nrows(op->src[0]);
+
+        int     nth_scaled  = nth * 4;
+        int64_t chunk_size0 = (nr0 + nth_scaled - 1) / nth_scaled;
+        int64_t nchunk0     = (nr0 + chunk_size0 - 1) / chunk_size0;
+
+        // src1 is chunked only by full planes.
+        // When we flatten we need to address dimensions not multiple of the q8 INTER_SIZE
+        // to route them thorugh GEMV.
+        // nchunk1 = ne12 also avoids messing the chunking for models with no 3d tensors
+        // to avoid affecting their performance
+        int64_t nchunk1 = ne12;
+
+        // Ensure minimum chunk size to avoid alignment issues with high thread counts
+        // Minimum chunk size should be at least NB_COLS to prevent overlapping chunks after alignment
+        const int64_t min_chunk_size = NB_COLS;
+        if (nchunk0 > 0 && (nr0 / nchunk0) < min_chunk_size && nr0 >= min_chunk_size) {
+            nchunk0 = (nr0 + min_chunk_size - 1) / min_chunk_size;
+        }
+
+        if (nth == 1 || nchunk0 < nth || disable_chunking) {
+            nchunk0 = nth;
+        }
+
+        const int64_t dr0 = (nr0 + nchunk0 - 1) / nchunk0;
+
+        // Ensure nchunk doesn't exceed the number of rows divided by minimum chunk size
+        // This prevents creating too many tiny chunks that could overlap after alignment
+        const int64_t max_nchunk = (nr0 + min_chunk_size - 1) / min_chunk_size;
+        nchunk0                  = MIN(nchunk0, max_nchunk);
+
+        if (ith == 0) {
+            // Every thread starts at ith, so the first unprocessed chunk is nth.  This save a bit of coordination right at the start.
+            ggml_threadpool_chunk_set(params->threadpool, nth);
         }
 
         ggml_barrier(params->threadpool);
 
-        const void * src1_wdata      = params->wdata;
-        const size_t src1_col_stride = ggml_row_size(PARAM_TYPE, ne10);
-        int64_t      src0_start      = (ith * ne01) / nth;
-        int64_t      src0_end        = ((ith + 1) * ne01) / nth;
-        src0_start = (src0_start % NB_COLS) ? src0_start + NB_COLS - (src0_start % NB_COLS) : src0_start;
-        src0_end   = (src0_end   % NB_COLS) ? src0_end   + NB_COLS - (src0_end   % NB_COLS) : src0_end;
-        if (src0_start >= src0_end) {
-            return;
-        }
+        // The first chunk comes from our thread_id, the rest will get auto-assigned.
+        int current_chunk = ith;
 
-        // If there are more than three rows in src1, use gemm; otherwise, use gemv.
-        if (ne11 > 3) {
-            gemm<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00,
-                    (float *) ((char *) dst->data) + src0_start, ne01,
-                    (const char *) src0->data + src0_start * nb01,
-                    (const char *) src1_wdata, ne11 - ne11 % 4, src0_end - src0_start);
-        }
-        for (int iter = ne11 - ne11 % 4; iter < ne11; iter++) {
-            gemv<BLOC_TYPE, INTER_SIZE, NB_COLS, PARAM_TYPE>(ne00,
-                    (float *) ((char *) dst->data + (iter * nb1)) + src0_start, ne01,
-                    (const char *) src0->data + src0_start * nb01,
-                    (const char *) src1_wdata + (src1_col_stride * iter), 1,
-                    src0_end - src0_start);
+        while (current_chunk < nchunk0 * nchunk1) {
+            const int64_t ith0 = current_chunk % nchunk0;
+            const int64_t ith1 = current_chunk / nchunk0;
+
+            int64_t src0_start = dr0 * ith0;
+            int64_t src0_end   = MIN(src0_start + dr0, nr0);
+
+            // full-plane range for src1
+            int64_t src1_start = ith1 * ne11;
+            int64_t src1_end = (ith1 + 1) * ne11;
+
+            // Align boundaries to NB_COLS - round up to ensure all data is included
+            // The chunk size limiting above ensures chunks are large enough to prevent overlaps
+            src0_start = (src0_start % NB_COLS) ? src0_start + NB_COLS - (src0_start % NB_COLS) : src0_start;
+            src0_end   = (src0_end % NB_COLS) ? src0_end + NB_COLS - (src0_end % NB_COLS) : src0_end;
+            src0_end   = MIN(src0_end, ne01);
+
+            // Make sure current plane is the last one before exiting
+            if (src0_start >= src0_end) {
+                current_chunk = ggml_threadpool_chunk_add(params->threadpool, 1);
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            forward_mul_mat_one_chunk(params, dst, src0_start, src0_end, src1_start, src1_end);
+
+            current_chunk = ggml_threadpool_chunk_add(params->threadpool, 1);
         }
     }
 
@@ -1772,8 +1882,12 @@ template <typename BLOC_TYPE, int64_t INTER_SIZE, int64_t NB_COLS, ggml_type PAR
             int64_t src0_cur_start = (ith * ne01) / nth;
             int64_t src0_cur_end   = ((ith + 1) * ne01) / nth;
 
+            // Align boundaries to NB_COLS - round up to ensure all data is included
             src0_cur_start = (src0_cur_start % NB_COLS) ? src0_cur_start + NB_COLS - (src0_cur_start % NB_COLS) : src0_cur_start;
             src0_cur_end   = (src0_cur_end   % NB_COLS) ? src0_cur_end   + NB_COLS - (src0_cur_end   % NB_COLS) : src0_cur_end;
+            if (src0_cur_end > ne01) {
+                src0_cur_end = ne01;
+            }
 
             if (src0_cur_start >= src0_cur_end) {
                 return;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/simd-mappings.h

@@ -160,18 +160,18 @@ inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
 #define GGML_F32xt                        svfloat32_t
 #define GGML_F32xt_ZERO                   svdup_n_f32(0.0f)
 #define GGML_F32xt_SET1(x)                svdup_n_f32(x)
-#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(pg, a, ...)  svld1_f32(pg, a)
-#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD(...)              GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(pg,a,b)     svst1_f32(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32xt_STORE(...)             GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(pg, a)       svld1_f32(pg, a)
+#define GGML_F32xt_LOAD(a)                GGML_F32xt_LOAD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a)
+#define GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(pg, a, b)   svst1_f32(pg, a, b)
+#define GGML_F32xt_STORE(a, b)            GGML_F32xt_STORE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b)
 #define GGML_F32xt_FMA_IMPL(pg, a, b, c)  svmad_f32_m(pg, b, c, a)
-#define GGML_F32xt_FMA(...)               GGML_F32xt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_FMA(a, b, c)           GGML_F32xt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b, c)
 #define GGML_F32xt_ADD_IMPL(pg, a, b)     svadd_f32_m(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32xt_ADD(...)               GGML_F32xt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_ADD(a, b)              GGML_F32xt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b)
 #define GGML_F32xt_MUL_IMPL(pg, a, b)     svmul_f32_m(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32xt_MUL(...)               GGML_F32xt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_MUL(a, b)              GGML_F32xt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a, b)
 #define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(pg, a) svaddv(pg, a)
-#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(...)        GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(a)          GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, a)
 #define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_IMPL(pg, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8)  \
 {                                                      \
     sum1 = svadd_f32_m(DEFAULT_PG, sum1, sum2);        \
@@ -183,7 +183,8 @@ inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
     sum1 = svadd_f32_m(DEFAULT_PG, sum1, sum5);        \
     (res) = (ggml_float) GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_ONE(sum1);  \
 }
-#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE(...) GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32xt_REDUCE(res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8)  \
+        GGML_F32xt_REDUCE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4, sum5, sum6, sum7, sum8)
 
 #define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32xt
 #define GGML_F32_VEC_ZERO   GGML_F32xt_ZERO
@@ -206,11 +207,11 @@ inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
 #define GGML_F32Cxt_STORE(dst_ptr, src_vec) svst1_f16(DEFAULT_PG16, (__fp16 *)(dst_ptr), (src_vec))
 
 #define GGML_F32Cxt_FMA_IMPL(pg, a, b, c)   svmad_f16_x(pg, b, c, a)
-#define GGML_F32Cxt_FMA(...)                GGML_F32Cxt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_FMA(a, b, c)            GGML_F32Cxt_FMA_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a, b, c)
 #define GGML_F32Cxt_ADD_IMPL(pg, a, b)      svadd_f16_x(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32Cxt_ADD(...)                GGML_F32Cxt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_ADD(a, b)               GGML_F32Cxt_ADD_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a, b)
 #define GGML_F32Cxt_MUL_IMPL(pg, a, b)      svmul_f16_x(pg, a, b)
-#define GGML_F32Cxt_MUL(...)                GGML_F32Cxt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F32Cxt_MUL(a, b)               GGML_F32Cxt_MUL_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a, b)
 #define GGML_F32Cxt_REDUCE                  GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED
 
 #define GGML_F16x_VEC                GGML_F32Cxt
@@ -224,7 +225,7 @@ inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
 #define GGML_F16x_VEC_REDUCE         GGML_F32Cxt_REDUCE
 
 #define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(pg, a) svaddv_f16(pg, a)
-#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE(...)        GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE(a)          GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_ONE_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, a)
 
 #define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED_IMPL(pg16, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4)  \
 {                                                      \
@@ -234,7 +235,8 @@ inline static float ggml_lookup_fp16_to_fp32(ggml_fp16_t f) {
     __fp16 sum_f16 = svaddv_f16(pg16, sum1);           \
     (res) = (ggml_float) sum_f16;                      \
 }
-#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED(...) GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED(res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4)  \
+        GGML_F16xt_REDUCE_MIXED_IMPL(DEFAULT_PG16, res, sum1, sum2, sum3, sum4)
 
 // F16 NEON
 
@@ -956,7 +958,7 @@ do {                                                              \
 
 #define GGML_F32Cx8          __m256
 #define GGML_F32Cx8_ZERO    (__m256)__lasx_xvldi(0)
-#define GGML_F32Cx8_SET1(x) (__m256)__lasx_xvreplgr2vr_w((x))
+#define GGML_F32Cx8_SET1(x) (__m256)__lasx_xvreplfr2vr_s((x))
 
 static inline __m256 __lasx_f32cx8_load(const ggml_fp16_t * x) {
     __m256i a;
@@ -999,34 +1001,34 @@ static inline void __lasx_f32cx8_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m256 y) {
 
 #define GGML_F32x4         __m128
 #define GGML_F32x4_ZERO    (__m128)__lsx_vldi(0)
-#define GGML_F32x4_SET1(x) (__m128)__lsx_vinsgr2vr_w(__lsx_vldi(0),(x), 0)
+#define GGML_F32x4_SET1(x) (__m128)__lsx_vreplfr2vr_s((x))
 #define GGML_F32x4_LOAD(x) (__m128)__lsx_vld((x), 0)
 #define GGML_F32x4_STORE(x, y)   __lsx_vst(y, x, 0)
 #define GGML_F32x4_FMA(a, b, c) __lsx_vfmadd_s(b, c, a)
 #define GGML_F32x4_ADD     __lsx_vfadd_s
 #define GGML_F32x4_MUL     __lsx_vfmul_s
-#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE(res, x)                                                     \
-{                                                                                     \
-    int offset = GGML_F32_ARR >> 1;                                                   \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                                \
-        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset + i]);                                    \
-    }                                                                                 \
-    offset >>= 1;                                                                     \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                                \
-        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset + i]);                                    \
-    }                                                                                 \
-    offset >>= 1;                                                                     \
-    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                                                \
-        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset + i]);                                    \
-    }                                                                                 \
-    __m128i tmp     = __lsx_vsrli_d((__m128i) x[0], 32);                              \
-    tmp             = (__m128i) __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128) tmp, x[0]);                    \
-    tmp             = __lsx_vpickev_w(__lsx_vldi(0), tmp);                            \
-    const __m128 t0 = (__m128)__lsx_vshuf4i_w(tmp, 0x88);                                     \
-    tmp             = __lsx_vsrli_d((__m128i) t0, 32);                                \
-    tmp             = (__m128i) __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128) tmp, t0);                      \
-    tmp             = __lsx_vpickev_w(__lsx_vldi(0), tmp);                            \
-    res             = (ggml_float) __lsx_vpickve2gr_w(__lsx_vshuf4i_w(tmp, 0x88), 0); \
+
+#define GGML_F32x4_REDUCE(res, x)                               \
+{                                                               \
+    int offset = GGML_F32_ARR >> 1;                             \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                          \
+        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset+i]);                \
+    }                                                           \
+    offset >>= 1;                                               \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                          \
+        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset+i]);                \
+    }                                                           \
+    offset >>= 1;                                               \
+    for (int i = 0; i < offset; ++i) {                          \
+        x[i] = __lsx_vfadd_s(x[i], x[offset+i]);                \
+    }                                                           \
+    __m128i t0 = __lsx_vpickev_w((__m128i)x[0], (__m128i)x[0]); \
+    __m128i t1 = __lsx_vpickod_w((__m128i)x[0], (__m128i)x[0]); \
+    __m128 t2 = __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128)t0, (__m128)t1);          \
+    __m128i t3 = __lsx_vpickev_w((__m128i)t2, (__m128i)t2);     \
+    __m128i t4 = __lsx_vpickod_w((__m128i)t2, (__m128i)t2);     \
+    __m128 t5 = __lsx_vfadd_s((__m128)t3, (__m128)t4);          \
+    res = (ggml_float) ((v4f32)t5)[0];                          \
 }
 
 #define GGML_F32_VEC        GGML_F32x4
@@ -1068,7 +1070,7 @@ static inline void __lsx_f16x4_store(ggml_fp16_t * x, __m128 y) {
 
 #define GGML_F32Cx4             __m128
 #define GGML_F32Cx4_ZERO        (__m128)__lsx_vldi(0)
-#define GGML_F32Cx4_SET1(x)     (__m128)__lsx_vinsgr2vr_w(__lsx_vldi(0),(x), 0)
+#define GGML_F32Cx4_SET1(x)     (__m128)__lsx_vreplfr2vr_s((x))
 #define GGML_F32Cx4_LOAD(x)     (__m128)__lsx_f16x4_load(x)
 #define GGML_F32Cx4_STORE(x, y) __lsx_f16x4_store(x, y)
 #define GGML_F32Cx4_FMA         GGML_F32x4_FMA

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.cpp

@@ -73,6 +73,14 @@ static inline float op_log(float x) {
     return logf(x);
 }
 
+static inline float op_expm1(float x) {
+    return expf(x) - 1.0f;
+}
+
+static inline float op_softplus(float x) {
+    return (x > 20.0f) ? x : logf(1.0f + expf(x));
+}
+
 static inline float op_floor(float x) {
     return floorf(x);
 }
@@ -290,6 +298,14 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_log(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor *
     unary_op<op_log>(params, dst);
 }
 
+void ggml_compute_forward_expm1(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_expm1>(params, dst);
+}
+
+void ggml_compute_forward_softplus(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
+    unary_op<op_softplus>(params, dst);
+}
+
 void ggml_compute_forward_floor(const ggml_compute_params * params, ggml_tensor * dst) {
     unary_op<op_floor>(params, dst);
 }

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/unary-ops.h

@@ -22,6 +22,8 @@ void ggml_compute_forward_sqrt(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct
 void ggml_compute_forward_sin(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_cos(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_log(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_expm1(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
+void ggml_compute_forward_softplus(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_floor(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_ceil(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);
 void ggml_compute_forward_round(const struct ggml_compute_params * params, struct ggml_tensor * dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.cpp

@@ -360,6 +360,13 @@ void ggml_vec_silu_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x) {
     for (; i + 3 < n; i += 4) {
         vst1q_f32(y + i, ggml_v_silu(vld1q_f32(x + i)));
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t vx = __riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m2_t vy = ggml_v_silu_m2(vx, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], vy, vl);
+    }
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
         y[i] = ggml_silu_f32(x[i]);
@@ -460,6 +467,16 @@ ggml_float ggml_vec_cvar_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x, const floa
         val = vec_mul(val, val);
         sum += (ggml_float)vec_hsum_f32x4(val);
     }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
+    vfloat64m1_t vsum = __riscv_vfmv_v_f_f64m1(0, 1);
+    for (int vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e32m2(n - i);
+        vfloat32m2_t val = __riscv_vfsub_vf_f32m2(__riscv_vle32_v_f32m2(&x[i], vl), mean, vl);
+        __riscv_vse32_v_f32m2(&y[i], val, vl);
+        val = __riscv_vfmul_vv_f32m2(val, val, vl);
+        vsum = __riscv_vfwredusum_vs_f32m2_f64m1(val, vsum, vl);
+    }
+    sum = (ggml_float)__riscv_vfmv_f_s_f64m1_f64(vsum);
 #endif
     for (; i < n; ++i) {
         float val = x[i] - mean;

ggml/src/ggml-cpu/vec.h

@@ -698,60 +698,61 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f32(const int n, float * y, const float   v) {
 }
 
 inline static void ggml_vec_scale_f16(const int n, ggml_fp16_t * y, const float v) {
-#if defined(GGML_SIMD)
-    #if defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
-        const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
-        const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16;
-        const int ggml_f16_step = 2 * ggml_f16_epr;
+#if defined(GGML_SIMD) && defined(__ARM_FEATURE_SVE)
+    const int sve_register_length = svcntb() * 8;
+    const int ggml_f16_epr = sve_register_length / 16;
+    const int ggml_f16_step = 2 * ggml_f16_epr;
 
-        GGML_F16x_VEC vx =  GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1(v);
-        const int np = (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
-        svfloat16_t ay1, ay2;
+    GGML_F16x_VEC vx =  GGML_F16x_VEC_SET1(v);
+    const int np = (n & ~(ggml_f16_step - 1));
+    svfloat16_t ay1, ay2;
 
-        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
-            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0);
-            ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay1, vx);
-            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, ay1, 0);
+    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += ggml_f16_step) {
+        ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, 0);
+        ay1 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay1, vx);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 0*ggml_f16_epr, ay1, 0);
 
-            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1);
-            ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay2, vx);
-            GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, ay2, 1);
+        ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_LOAD(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, 1);
+        ay2 = GGML_F16x_VEC_MUL(ay2, vx);
+        GGML_F16x_VEC_STORE(y + i + 1*ggml_f16_epr, ay2, 1);
+    }
+    // leftovers
+    // maximum number of leftover elements will be less that ggmlF_16x_epr. Apply predicated svmad on available elements only
+    if (np < n) {
+        svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np, n);
+        svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np));
+        svfloat16_t out = svmul_f16_m(pg, hy, vx);
+        svst1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np), out);
+    }
+#elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic) && defined(__riscv_zvfh)
+    for (int i = 0, vl; i < n; i += vl) {
+        vl = __riscv_vsetvl_e16m2(n - i);
+        vfloat16m2_t vy = __riscv_vle16_v_f16m2((_Float16 *)&y[i], vl);
+        vfloat32m4_t vy32 = __riscv_vfwcvt_f_f_v_f32m4(vy, vl);
+        vy32 = __riscv_vfmul_vf_f32m4(vy32, v, vl);
+        vy = __riscv_vfncvt_f_f_w_f16m2(vy32, vl);
+        __riscv_vse16_v_f16m2((_Float16 *)&y[i], vy, vl);
+    }
+#elif defined(GGML_SIMD)
+    const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+
+    GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
+
+    GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
+
+    for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
+        for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
+            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
+            ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_MUL(ay[j], vx);
+
+            GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, ay, j);
         }
-        // leftovers
-        // maximum number of leftover elements will be less that ggmlF_16x_epr. Apply predicated svmad on available elements only
-        if (np < n) {
-            svbool_t pg = svwhilelt_b16(np, n);
-            svfloat16_t hy = svld1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np));
-            svfloat16_t out = svmul_f16_m(pg, hy, vx);
-            svst1_f16(pg, (__fp16 *)(y + np), out);
-        }
-    #elif defined(__riscv_v_intrinsic)
-        // todo: RVV impl
-        // scalar
-        for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
-            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
-        }
-    #else
-        const int np = (n & ~(GGML_F16_STEP - 1));
+    }
 
-        GGML_F16_VEC vx = GGML_F16_VEC_SET1(v);
-
-        GGML_F16_VEC ay[GGML_F16_ARR];
-
-        for (int i = 0; i < np; i += GGML_F16_STEP) {
-            for (int j = 0; j < GGML_F16_ARR; j++) {
-                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_LOAD(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, j);
-                ay[j] = GGML_F16_VEC_MUL(ay[j], vx);
-
-                GGML_F16_VEC_STORE(y + i + j*GGML_F16_EPR, ay, j);
-            }
-        }
-
-        // leftovers
-        for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
-            y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
-        }
-    #endif
+    // leftovers
+    for (int i = np; i < n; ++i) {
+        y[i] = GGML_CPU_FP32_TO_FP16(GGML_CPU_FP16_TO_FP32(y[i])*v);
+    }
 #else
     // scalar
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
@@ -1416,6 +1417,16 @@ inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f32(const int n, float * s, const float * x) {
 #endif
 }
 
+inline static void ggml_vec_cumsum_f32(const int n, float * y, const float * x) {
+    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
+        if (i == 0) {
+            y[i] = x[i];
+        } else {
+            y[i] = y[i - 1] + x[i];
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 inline static void ggml_vec_sum_f32_ggf(const int n, ggml_float * s, const float * x) {
     ggml_float sum = 0.0;
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -124,6 +124,7 @@ if (CUDAToolkit_FOUND)
 
     if (GGML_CUDA_DEBUG)
         list(APPEND CUDA_FLAGS -lineinfo)
+        add_compile_definitions(GGML_CUDA_DEBUG)
     endif()
 
     if (CUDAToolkit_VERSION VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL "12.8")

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/argsort.cu

@@ -87,7 +87,7 @@ template<ggml_sort_order order>
 static __global__ void k_argsort_f32_i32(const float * x, int * dst, const int ncols, int ncols_pad) {
     // bitonic sort
     int col = threadIdx.x;
-    int row = blockIdx.y;
+    int row = blockIdx.x;
 
     if (col >= ncols_pad) {
         return;
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ static void argsort_f32_i32_cuda_bitonic(const float *   x,
     const int ncols_pad = next_power_of_2(ncols);
 
     const dim3 block_dims(ncols_pad, 1, 1);
-    const dim3 block_nums(1, nrows, 1);
+    const dim3 block_nums(nrows, 1, 1);
     const size_t shared_mem = ncols_pad * sizeof(int);
 
     // FIXME: this limit could be raised by ~2-4x on Ampere or newer

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/common.cuh

@@ -224,6 +224,11 @@ static const char * cu_get_error_str(CUresult err) {
 #define AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && defined(CDNA) && !defined(GGML_HIP_NO_MMQ_MFMA)
 
+// The Volta instructions are in principle available on Turing or newer but they are effectively unusable:
+#if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#define VOLTA_MMA_AVAILABLE
+#endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+
 #if !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
 #define TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
 #endif // !defined(GGML_USE_HIP) && __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING
@@ -278,7 +283,10 @@ static bool amd_mfma_available(const int cc) {
 #endif //!defined(GGML_HIP_NO_MMQ_MFMA)
 }
 
-// Volta technically had FP16 tensor cores but they work very differently compared to Turing and later.
+static bool volta_mma_available(const int cc) {
+    return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA;
+}
+
 static bool turing_mma_available(const int cc) {
     return GGML_CUDA_CC_IS_NVIDIA(cc) && ggml_cuda_highest_compiled_arch(cc) >= GGML_CUDA_CC_TURING;
 }
@@ -578,6 +586,12 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ void ggml_cuda_mad(half2 & acc, const half2 v,
 //     If dst and src point at different address spaces then they are guaranteed to not be aliased.
 template <int nbytes, int alignment = 0>
 static __device__ __forceinline__ void ggml_cuda_memcpy_1(void * __restrict__ dst, const void * __restrict__ src) {
+    static_assert(
+        nbytes <= ggml_cuda_get_max_cpy_bytes() || alignment == 0,
+        "You are misusing the alignment parameter for ggml_cuda_memcpy_1. "
+        "The intent is for the parameter is only as a workaround if either one of the pointers is not properly aligned. "
+        "If you use it to do more bytes per copy than ggml_cuda_max_cpy_bytes() the reads and writes may not be coalesced. "
+        "Call ggml_cuda_memcpy_1 in a loop instead.");
     if constexpr (alignment != 0) {
         static_assert(nbytes % alignment == 0, "bad alignment");
     }
@@ -625,8 +639,11 @@ static __device__ __forceinline__ float ggml_cuda_e8m0_to_fp32(uint8_t x) {
 // and a shift:
 //
 // n/d = (mulhi(n, mp) + n) >> L;
-static const uint3 init_fastdiv_values(uint32_t d) {
-    GGML_ASSERT(d != 0);
+static const uint3 init_fastdiv_values(uint64_t d_64) {
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_64 != 0);
+    GGML_ASSERT(d_64 <= std::numeric_limits<uint32_t>::max());
+
+    uint32_t d = (uint32_t)d_64;
 
     // compute L = ceil(log2(d));
     uint32_t L = 0;

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/cpy.cu

@@ -7,6 +7,10 @@
 
 typedef void (*cpy_kernel_t)(const char * cx, char * cdst);
 
+const int CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D = 32; // 2D tile dimension for transposed blocks
+const int CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM = 8;     // block size of 3rd dimension if available
+const int CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS = 8;   // block dimension for marching through rows
+
 template <cpy_kernel_t cpy_1>
 static __global__ void cpy_flt(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
                                const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
@@ -35,6 +39,55 @@ static __global__ void cpy_flt(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
     cpy_1(cx + x_offset, cdst + dst_offset);
 }
 
+template <typename T>
+static __global__ void cpy_flt_transpose(const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
+                               const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
+                               const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11,
+                               const int nb12, const int nb13) {
+
+    const T* src = reinterpret_cast<const T*>(cx);
+    T* dst = reinterpret_cast<T*>(cdst);
+
+    const int64_t nmat = ne / (ne00 * ne01);
+    const int64_t n = ne00 * ne01;
+
+    const int x = blockIdx.x * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.x;
+    const int y = blockIdx.y * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.y;
+    const int tx = blockIdx.y * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.x;  // transpose block offset
+    const int ty = blockIdx.x * CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D + threadIdx.y;
+
+    __shared__ float tile[CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D][CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D+1];
+
+#pragma unroll
+    for (int i = 0; i < CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM; ++i) {
+
+        const unsigned int imat = blockIdx.z * CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM + i;
+        if (imat >= nmat)
+            break;
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D; j += CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS) {
+            if(x < ne01 && y + j < ne00){
+                const int row = threadIdx.y+j;
+                const int col = threadIdx.x * sizeof(float)/sizeof(T);
+                T *tile2 = reinterpret_cast<T*>(tile[row]);
+                tile2[col] = src[imat*n + (y+j)*ne01 + x];
+            }
+        }
+
+        __syncthreads();
+
+#pragma unroll
+        for (int j = 0; j < CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D; j += CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS) {
+            if (ty + j < ne01 && tx < ne00) {
+                const int col = (threadIdx.y+j)*sizeof(float)/sizeof(T);
+                const T *tile2 = reinterpret_cast<const T*>(tile[threadIdx.x]);
+                dst[imat*n + (ty+j)*ne00 + tx] = tile2[col];
+            }
+        }
+    }
+}
+
 static __device__ void cpy_blck_q8_0_f32(const char * cxi, char * cdsti) {
     float * cdstf = (float *)(cdsti);
 
@@ -136,15 +189,36 @@ cudaStream_t stream) {
         (cx, cdst, ne);
 }
 
-template<typename src_t, typename dst_t>
+template<typename src_t, typename dst_t, bool transposed = false>
 static void ggml_cpy_flt_cuda(
     const char * cx, char * cdst, const int ne,
     const int ne00, const int ne01, const int ne02, const int nb00, const int nb01, const int nb02,
     const int nb03, const int ne10, const int ne11, const int ne12, const int nb10, const int nb11, const int nb12, const int nb13, cudaStream_t stream) {
 
-    const int num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
-    cpy_flt<cpy_1_flt<src_t, dst_t>><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
-        (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
+    if (transposed) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(ne == ne00*ne01*ne02);  // ne[3] is 1 assumed
+        int ne00n, ne01n, ne02n;
+        if (nb00 <= nb02) { // most likely safe to handle nb00 = nb02 case here
+            ne00n = ne00;
+            ne01n = ne01;
+            ne02n = ne02;
+        } else if (nb00 > nb02) {
+            ne00n = ne00;
+            ne01n = ne01*ne02;
+            ne02n = 1;
+        }
+
+        dim3 dimGrid( (ne01n + CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D - 1) / CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D,
+                      (ne00n + CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D - 1) / CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D,
+                      (ne/(ne01n*ne00n) + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_NM);
+        dim3 dimBlock(CUDA_CPY_TILE_DIM_2D, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_ROWS, 1);
+        cpy_flt_transpose<dst_t><<<dimGrid, dimBlock, 0, stream>>>
+            (cx, cdst, ne, ne00n, ne01n, ne02n, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
+    } else {
+        const int num_blocks = (ne + CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE - 1) / CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE;
+        cpy_flt<cpy_1_flt<src_t, dst_t>><<<num_blocks, CUDA_CPY_BLOCK_SIZE, 0, stream>>>
+            (cx, cdst, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13);
+    }
 }
 
 static void ggml_cpy_f32_q8_0_cuda(
@@ -310,6 +384,8 @@ void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, gg
     char * src1_ddc = (char *) src1->data;
 
     const bool contiguous_srcs = ggml_is_contiguous(src0) && ggml_is_contiguous(src1);
+    const bool can_be_transposed = nb01 == (int64_t)ggml_element_size(src0) &&
+        src0->ne[3] == 1 && nb02 == ne00 * ne01 * (int64_t)ggml_element_size(src0);
 
     if (src0->type == src1->type && contiguous_srcs) {
         GGML_ASSERT(ggml_nbytes(src0) == ggml_nbytes(src1));
@@ -322,7 +398,11 @@ void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, gg
             CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemcpyAsync(src1_ddc, src0_ddc, ggml_nbytes(src0), cudaMemcpyDeviceToDevice, main_stream));
         }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
-        ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<float, float>           (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        if (can_be_transposed) {
+            ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<float, float, true> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<float, float> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
         if (contiguous_srcs) {
             ggml_cpy_flt_contiguous_cuda<float, nv_bfloat16> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
@@ -361,7 +441,11 @@ void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, gg
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_Q5_1 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32) {
         ggml_cpy_q5_1_f32_cuda(src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
-        ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<half, half>               (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        if (can_be_transposed) {
+            ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<half, half, true> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<half, half>       (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_F16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
         if (contiguous_srcs) {
             ggml_cpy_flt_contiguous_cuda<half, nv_bfloat16>  (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);
@@ -375,7 +459,11 @@ void ggml_cuda_cpy(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * src0, gg
             ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<half, float>          (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
         }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16) {
-        ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<nv_bfloat16, nv_bfloat16> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        if (can_be_transposed) {
+            ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<nv_bfloat16, nv_bfloat16, true> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        } else {
+            ggml_cpy_flt_cuda<nv_bfloat16, nv_bfloat16> (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, ne00, ne01, ne02, nb00, nb01, nb02, nb03, ne10, ne11, ne12, nb10, nb11, nb12, nb13, main_stream);
+        }
     } else if (src0->type == GGML_TYPE_BF16 && src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F16) {
         if (contiguous_srcs) {
             ggml_cpy_flt_contiguous_cuda<nv_bfloat16, half>  (src0_ddc, src1_ddc, ne, main_stream);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cu

@@ -14,6 +14,10 @@ void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor
             GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
             ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 64,  64>(ctx, dst);
         } break;
+        case  72: {
+            GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
+            ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 72,  72>(ctx, dst);
+        } break;
         case  80: {
             GGML_ASSERT(V->ne[0] == K->ne[0]);
             ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile_case< 80,  80>(ctx, dst);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-tile.cuh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 // nbatch_K == number of K columns to load in parallel for KQ calculation
 
 // TODO optimize kernel parameters for FP16 NVIDIA (P100)
-// TODO optimize kernel parameters for head sizes 40, 80, 96, 112
+// TODO optimize kernel parameters for head sizes 40, 72, 80, 96, 112
 
 // The ROCm compiler cannot handle templating in __launch_bounds__.
 // As a workaround, define a macro to package the kernel parameters as uint32_t:
@@ -32,6 +32,12 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nv
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 256, 2,  64,  64)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
 
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  64,  72)
+
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  64,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  64,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  64,  40)
@@ -80,6 +86,12 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_nv
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 16, 128, 3,  64,  64)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
 
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
@@ -130,6 +142,13 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_am
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 256, 2,  64,  64)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 256, 2,  64,  64)
 
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 64, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
@@ -185,6 +204,13 @@ static constexpr __host__ __device__ uint32_t ggml_cuda_fattn_tile_get_config_am
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 32, 128, 4,  64,  64)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 64,  64, 64, 128, 5,  64,  64)
 
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  2,  64, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  4, 128, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72,  8, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 16, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 32, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+    GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 72,  72, 64, 256, 2,  32,  72)
+
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  2,  64, 2,  32,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  4, 128, 2,  32,  40)
     GGML_CUDA_FATTN_TILE_CONFIG_CASE( 80,  80,  8, 256, 2,  32,  40)
@@ -723,7 +749,7 @@ static __global__ void flash_attn_tile(
 
     if (
 #ifdef GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
-            (ncols2 != 1 && DV != 40 && DV != 512) ||
+            (ncols2 != 1 && DV != 40 && DV != 72 && DV != 512) ||
 #endif // GGML_USE_WMMA_FATTN
             (use_logit_softcap && !(DV == 128 || DV == 256))
     ) {
@@ -1198,6 +1224,7 @@ void ggml_cuda_flash_attn_ext_tile(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor
 
 extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 40,  40);
 extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 64,  64);
+extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 72,  72);
 extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 80,  80);
 extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE( 96,  96);
 extern DECL_FATTN_TILE_CASE(112, 112);

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn.cu

@@ -223,6 +223,7 @@ static best_fattn_kernel ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(const int device, const
     switch (K->ne[0]) {
         case  40:
         case  64:
+        case  72:
         case  80:
         case  96:
         case 128:
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ static best_fattn_kernel ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(const int device, const
     const bool can_use_vector_kernel = Q->ne[0] <= 256 && Q->ne[0] % 64 == 0 && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0;
 
     // If Turing tensor cores available, use them:
-    if (turing_mma_available(cc) && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && Q->ne[0] != 40) {
+    if (turing_mma_available(cc) && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72) {
         if (can_use_vector_kernel) {
             if (!ggml_is_quantized(K->type) && !ggml_is_quantized(V->type)) {
                 if (cc >= GGML_CUDA_CC_ADA_LOVELACE && Q->ne[1] == 1 && Q->ne[3] == 1 && !(gqa_ratio > 4 && K->ne[1] >= 8192)) {
@@ -301,7 +302,7 @@ static best_fattn_kernel ggml_cuda_get_best_fattn_kernel(const int device, const
     }
 
     // Use the WMMA kernel if possible:
-    if (ggml_cuda_should_use_wmma_fattn(cc) && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 576) {
+    if (ggml_cuda_should_use_wmma_fattn(cc) && K->ne[1] % FATTN_KQ_STRIDE == 0 && Q->ne[0] != 40 && Q->ne[0] != 72 && Q->ne[0] != 576) {
         if (can_use_vector_kernel && Q->ne[1] <= 2) {
             return BEST_FATTN_KERNEL_VEC;
         }

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/ggml-cuda.cu

@@ -2112,7 +2112,15 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_f(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
         src1->type == GGML_TYPE_F32 && dst->type == GGML_TYPE_F32;
 
     const int cc      = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ggml_cuda_get_device()].cc;
-    use_mul_mat_vec_f = use_mul_mat_vec_f && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, is_mul_mat_id ? src1->ne[2] : src1->ne[1]);
+    use_mul_mat_vec_f = use_mul_mat_vec_f && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src0->nb, is_mul_mat_id ? src1->ne[2] : src1->ne[1]);
+
+    const bool split = ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src0->buffer->buft) ||
+                       ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src1->buffer->buft);
+
+    //TODO: add support for fusion for split buffers
+    if (split) {
+        return false;
+    }
 
     //we only support fusion for ncols_dst = 1
     if (tensor->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT && dst->ne[1] != 1) {
@@ -2153,6 +2161,15 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_mul_mat_vec_q(const ggml_tensor * tensor) {
         return false;
     }
 
+
+    const bool split = ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src0->buffer->buft) ||
+                       ggml_backend_buft_is_cuda_split(src1->buffer->buft);
+
+    //TODO: add support for fusion for split buffers
+    if (split) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
     return use_mul_mat_vec_q;
 }
 
@@ -2189,16 +2206,16 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor
             const int cc            = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].cc;
             const int warp_size     = ggml_cuda_info().devices[id].warp_size;
             use_mul_mat_q           = use_mul_mat_q             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, src1->ne[1]);
-            use_mul_mat_f           = use_mul_mat_f             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, warp_size, src0->ne, src1->ne[1], /*mul_mat_id=*/false);
-            use_mul_mat_vec_f       = use_mul_mat_vec_f         && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src1->ne[1]);
+            use_mul_mat_f           = use_mul_mat_f             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, warp_size, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1], /*mul_mat_id=*/false);
+            use_mul_mat_vec_f       = use_mul_mat_vec_f         && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1]);
             any_gpus_with_slow_fp16 = any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   || !fast_fp16_hardware_available(cc);
         }
     } else {
         const int cc            = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].cc;
         const int warp_size     = ggml_cuda_info().devices[ctx.device].warp_size;
         use_mul_mat_q           = use_mul_mat_q             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmq(src0->type, cc, src1->ne[1]);
-        use_mul_mat_f           = use_mul_mat_f             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, warp_size, src0->ne, src1->ne[1], /*mul_mat_id=*/false);
-        use_mul_mat_vec_f       = use_mul_mat_vec_f         && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src1->ne[1]);
+        use_mul_mat_f           = use_mul_mat_f             && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, warp_size, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1], /*mul_mat_id=*/false);
+        use_mul_mat_vec_f       = use_mul_mat_vec_f         && ggml_cuda_should_use_mmvf(src0->type, cc, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[1]);
         any_gpus_with_slow_fp16 = any_gpus_with_slow_fp16   || !fast_fp16_hardware_available(cc);
     }
 
@@ -2269,7 +2286,7 @@ static void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_id(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, ggml_tensor *
             return;
         }
 
-        if (ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, WARP_SIZE, src0->ne, src1->ne[2], /*mul_mat_id=*/true)) {
+        if (ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(src0->type, cc, WARP_SIZE, src0->ne, src0->nb, src1->ne[2], /*mul_mat_id=*/true)) {
             ggml_cuda_mul_mat_f(ctx, src0, src1, ids, dst);
             return;
         }
@@ -2498,6 +2515,24 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_compute_forward(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, struct gg
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_XIELU:
                     ggml_cuda_op_xielu(ctx, dst);
                     break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_floor(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_ceil(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_round(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_trunc(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_expm1(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
+                    ggml_cuda_op_softplus(ctx, dst);
+                    break;
                 default:
                     return false;
             }
@@ -2963,6 +2998,40 @@ static void update_cuda_graph_executable(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx) {
 }
 #endif
 
+static bool ggml_cuda_should_fuse_rope_set_rows(const ggml_tensor * rope,
+                                                const ggml_tensor * view,
+                                                const ggml_tensor * set_rows) {
+
+    if (rope->op != GGML_OP_ROPE || view->op != GGML_OP_VIEW || set_rows->op != GGML_OP_SET_ROWS) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    // ne3 not tested
+    if (rope->src[0]->ne[3] != 1) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (set_rows->type != GGML_TYPE_F32 && set_rows->type != GGML_TYPE_F16) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (set_rows->src[1]->type != GGML_TYPE_I64) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // The view should flatten two dims of rope into one dim
+    if (!ggml_is_contiguous(view) || view->ne[0] != rope->ne[0] * rope->ne[1]) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Only norm/neox shaders have the fusion code
+    const int mode = ((const int32_t *) rope->op_params)[2];
+    if (mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NORMAL && mode != GGML_ROPE_TYPE_NEOX) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
 static bool ggml_cuda_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx, std::initializer_list<enum ggml_op> ops, std::initializer_list<enum ggml_unary_op> unary_ops) {
 #ifndef NDEBUG
     const size_t num_unary = std::count(ops.begin(), ops.end(), GGML_OP_UNARY);
@@ -3038,6 +3107,16 @@ static bool ggml_cuda_can_fuse(const struct ggml_cgraph * cgraph, int node_idx,
         }
     }
 
+    if (ops.size() == 3 && ggml_can_fuse_subgraph(cgraph, node_idx, ops, { node_idx + 2 })) {
+        const ggml_tensor * rope     = cgraph->nodes[node_idx];
+        const ggml_tensor * view     = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 1];
+        const ggml_tensor * set_rows = cgraph->nodes[node_idx + 2];
+
+        if (ggml_cuda_should_fuse_rope_set_rows(rope, view, set_rows)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+    }
+
     if (!ggml_can_fuse(cgraph, node_idx, ops)) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -3122,8 +3201,6 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx
 
             for (int i = 0; i < cgraph->n_nodes; i++) {
                 ggml_tensor * node = cgraph->nodes[i];
-
-
 #ifdef GGML_CUDA_DEBUG
                 const int nodes_fused = i - prev_i - 1;
                 prev_i = i;
@@ -3169,6 +3246,15 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx
                         continue;
                     }
 
+                    if (ggml_cuda_can_fuse(cgraph, i, { GGML_OP_ROPE, GGML_OP_VIEW, GGML_OP_SET_ROWS }, {})) {
+                        ggml_tensor * rope = cgraph->nodes[i];
+                        ggml_tensor * set_rows = cgraph->nodes[i + 2];
+
+                        ggml_cuda_op_rope_fused(*cuda_ctx, rope, set_rows);
+                        i += 2;
+                        continue;
+                    }
+
                     if (node->op == GGML_OP_ADD) {
                         int n_fuse = 0;
                         ggml_op ops[8];
@@ -3247,6 +3333,13 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx
                                 continue;
                             }
 
+                            // we don't support repeating adds
+                            if (bias_op == GGML_OP_ADD &&
+                                (!ggml_are_same_shape(gate_bias_n->src[0], gate_bias_n->src[1]) ||
+                                 !ggml_are_same_shape(up_bias_n->src[0], up_bias_n->src[1]))) {
+                                continue;
+                            }
+
                             const ggml_tensor * src0 = up_n->src[0];
                             const ggml_tensor * src1 = up_n->src[1];
                             const ggml_tensor * ids  = up_n->src[2];
@@ -3356,6 +3449,10 @@ static void evaluate_and_capture_cuda_graph(ggml_backend_cuda_context * cuda_ctx
                             continue;
                         }
 
+                        if (bias_op == GGML_OP_ADD && !ggml_are_same_shape(bias_node->src[0], bias_node->src[1])) {
+                            continue;
+                        }
+
                         ggml_cuda_mm_fusion_args_host fusion_data{};
                         fusion_data.x_bias = bias_tensor;
 
@@ -3651,10 +3748,110 @@ static const char * ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_description(ggml_backend_dev_t
     return ctx->description.c_str();
 }
 
+#if defined(__linux__)
+// Helper function to get available memory from /proc/meminfo for UMA systems
+static bool ggml_backend_cuda_get_available_uma_memory(long * available_memory_kb, long * free_swap_kb) {
+    FILE * meminfo_file = nullptr;
+    // 2KB buffer for reading /proc/meminfo since it does not report size info, should be enough
+    const size_t BUFFER_SIZE = 2048;
+    auto file_buffer = std::make_unique<char[]>(BUFFER_SIZE);
+    size_t bytes_read = 0;
+    long huge_tlb_total_pages = -1;
+    long huge_tlb_free_pages = -1;
+    long huge_tlb_page_size = -1;
+
+    if (available_memory_kb == nullptr || free_swap_kb == nullptr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    meminfo_file = fopen("/proc/meminfo", "r");
+    if (meminfo_file == nullptr) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to open /proc/meminfo\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Read file into buffer
+    bytes_read = fread(file_buffer.get(), 1, BUFFER_SIZE - 1, meminfo_file);
+    fclose(meminfo_file);
+
+    if (bytes_read == 0) {
+        GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: failed to read from /proc/meminfo\n", __func__);
+        return false;
+    }
+    file_buffer[bytes_read] = '\0';
+
+    *available_memory_kb = -1;
+    *free_swap_kb = -1;
+
+    // Parse the file buffer line by line
+    char * line = file_buffer.get();
+    char * line_next;
+    while (line < file_buffer.get() + bytes_read) {
+        // Find the end of the current line
+        line_next = strchr(line, '\n');
+        if (line_next != nullptr) {
+            *line_next = '\0';
+            line_next++;
+        } else {
+            line_next = file_buffer.get() + bytes_read;
+        }
+
+        long value;
+        if (sscanf(line, "MemAvailable: %ld kB", &value) == 1) {
+            *available_memory_kb = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "SwapFree: %ld kB", &value) == 1) {
+            *free_swap_kb = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "HugePages_Total: %ld", &value) == 1) {
+            huge_tlb_total_pages = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "HugePages_Free: %ld", &value) == 1) {
+            huge_tlb_free_pages = value;
+        } else if (sscanf(line, "Hugepagesize: %ld kB", &value) == 1) {
+            huge_tlb_page_size = value;
+        }
+
+        line = line_next;
+    }
+
+    if (huge_tlb_total_pages != 0 && huge_tlb_total_pages != -1) {
+        *available_memory_kb = huge_tlb_free_pages * huge_tlb_page_size;
+
+        // Hugetlbfs pages are not swappable.
+        *free_swap_kb = 0;
+    }
+
+    GGML_LOG_DEBUG("%s: final available_memory_kb: %ld\n", __func__, *available_memory_kb);
+    return true;
+}
+#endif // defined(__linux__)
+
 static void ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_memory(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, size_t * free, size_t * total) {
     ggml_backend_cuda_device_context * ctx = (ggml_backend_cuda_device_context *)dev->context;
     ggml_cuda_set_device(ctx->device);
     CUDA_CHECK(cudaMemGetInfo(free, total));
+
+// ref: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17368
+#if defined(__linux__)
+    // Check if this is a UMA (Unified Memory Architecture) system
+    cudaDeviceProp prop;
+    CUDA_CHECK(cudaGetDeviceProperties(&prop, ctx->device));
+
+    // Check if UMA is explicitly enabled via environment variable
+    bool uma_env = getenv("GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY") != nullptr;
+    bool is_uma = prop.unifiedAddressing > 0 || uma_env;
+
+    if (is_uma) {
+        // For UMA systems (like DGX Spark), use system memory info
+        long available_memory_kb = 0;
+        long free_swap_kb = 0;
+
+        if (ggml_backend_cuda_get_available_uma_memory(&available_memory_kb, &free_swap_kb) && available_memory_kb > 0) {
+            *free = (size_t)available_memory_kb * 1024;
+        } else {
+            GGML_LOG_ERROR("%s: /proc/meminfo reading failed, using cudaMemGetInfo\n", __func__);
+        }
+    }
+#endif // defined(__linux__)
+
 }
 
 static enum ggml_backend_dev_type ggml_backend_cuda_device_get_type(ggml_backend_dev_t dev) {
@@ -3742,7 +3939,13 @@ static bool ggml_backend_cuda_device_supports_op(ggml_backend_dev_t dev, const g
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_GELU_QUICK:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_TANH:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXP:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_EXPM1:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_SOFTPLUS:
                 case GGML_UNARY_OP_ELU:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_FLOOR:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_CEIL:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_ROUND:
+                case GGML_UNARY_OP_TRUNC:
                     return ggml_is_contiguous(op->src[0]);
                 default:
                     return false;

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mma.cuh

@@ -18,6 +18,10 @@
 
 #include "common.cuh"
 
+// On Volta each warp is doing 4 8x8 mma operations in parallel.
+// The basic memory layout for a 32x8 output tile is to stack 4 input tiles in I direction and to mirror the B tile.
+// However, the i indices in this file are by default permuted to simplify the index calculations.
+// #define GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
 
 #if CUDART_VERSION >= 11080
 
@@ -73,6 +77,15 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
         static constexpr int ne = I * J / 64;
         T x[ne] = {0};
 
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 64 && J ==  2) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J == 32) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
             if constexpr (I == 64 && J == 2) { // Special tile size to load <16, 4> as <16, 8>
                 return threadIdx.x % 16;
@@ -85,7 +98,8 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 32) {
                 return 4 * (threadIdx.x / 32) + 8 * (l / 4) + (l % 4);
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 
@@ -101,22 +115,67 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 32) {
                 return threadIdx.x % 32;
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#elif __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        static constexpr int ne = I * J / 32;
+        T x[ne] = {0};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+                return (((threadIdx.x % 16) / 4) * 8) | ((threadIdx.x / 16) * 4) | (l & 2) | (threadIdx.x % 2);
+#else
+                return (l & 2) | (threadIdx.x & ~2);
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return (threadIdx.x & 2) | (l & (4 + 1));
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 #else
         static constexpr int ne = I * J / 32;
         T x[ne] = {0};
 
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
-            if constexpr (I == 8 && (J == 4 || J == 8)) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
+                return threadIdx.x / 4;
+            } else if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
                 return threadIdx.x / 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l / 2) * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return ((l / 2) * 8) | (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 16) {
-                return ((l / 2) % 2) * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return (((l / 2) % 2) * 8) | (threadIdx.x / 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return tile<16, 8, T>::get_i(l); // Memory layout simply repeated with same pattern in i direction.
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 
@@ -124,13 +183,16 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 4) {
                 return threadIdx.x % 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
-                return 4 * l + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return (l * 4) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return 2 * (threadIdx.x % 4) + l % 2;
+                return ((threadIdx.x % 4) * 2) | (l % 2);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 16) {
-                return 8 * (l / 4) + 2 * (threadIdx.x % 4) + l % 2;
+                return ((l / 4) * 8) | ((threadIdx.x % 4) * 2) | (l % 2);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return tile<16, 8, T>::get_j(l); // Memory layout simply repeated with same pattern in i direction.
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 #endif // defined(GGML_USE_HIP)
@@ -140,32 +202,83 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
     struct tile<I_, J_, half2> {
         static constexpr int I  = I_;
         static constexpr int J  = J_;
+
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        static constexpr int ne = I == 8 && J == 8 ? I * J / (WARP_SIZE/4) : I * J / WARP_SIZE;
+        half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
+
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
+            if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
+                return ((threadIdx.x / 16) * 4) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+#ifdef GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+                return (((threadIdx.x % 16) / 4) * 8) | ((threadIdx.x / 16) * 4) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
+#else
+                return threadIdx.x;
+#endif // GGML_CUDA_MMA_NO_VOLTA_PERM
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+
+        static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
+            if constexpr ((I == 8 || I == 32) && J == 8) {
+                return l;
+            } else {
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
+            }
+        }
+#else
         static constexpr int ne = I * J / WARP_SIZE;
         half2 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
 
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J == 16) return true;
+            if (I == 32 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
                 return threadIdx.x / 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
-                return l * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return (l * 8) | (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l % 2) * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return ((l % 2) * 8) | (threadIdx.x / 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return ((l / 4) * 16) | ((l % 2) * 8) | (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
-                return l * 4 + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return (l * 4) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
                 return threadIdx.x % 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l / 2) * 4 + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return ((l / 2) * 4) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
+            } else if constexpr (I == 32 && J == 8) {
+                return ((l & 2) * 2) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
     };
 
     template <int I_, int J_>
@@ -175,27 +288,36 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
         static constexpr int ne = I * J / WARP_SIZE;
         nv_bfloat162 x[ne] = {{0.0f, 0.0f}};
 
+        static constexpr __device__ bool supported() {
+            if (I ==  8 && J ==  8) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  4) return true;
+            if (I == 16 && J ==  8) return true;
+            return false;
+        }
+
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_i(const int l) {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
                 return threadIdx.x / 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
-                return l * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return (l * 8) | (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l % 2) * 8 + threadIdx.x / 4;
+                return ((l % 2) * 8) | (threadIdx.x / 4);
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
 
         static __device__ __forceinline__ int get_j(const int l) {
             if constexpr (I == 8 && J == 8) {
-                return l * 4 + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return (l * 4) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 4) {
                 return threadIdx.x % 4;
             } else if constexpr (I == 16 && J == 8) {
-                return (l / 2) * 4 + threadIdx.x % 4;
+                return ((l / 2) * 4) | (threadIdx.x % 4);
             } else {
-                static_assert(I == -1 && J == -1, "template specialization not implemented");
+                NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+                return -1;
             }
         }
     };
@@ -263,8 +385,12 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
             : "=r"(xi[0]), "=r"(xi[1])
             : "l"(xs));
 #else
-        load_generic(xs0, stride);
-        GGML_UNUSED(t);
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(t, xs0, stride);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
+#else
+        load_generic(t, xs0, stride);
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 #endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
@@ -277,11 +403,35 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
         asm volatile("ldmatrix.sync.aligned.m8n8.x4.b16 {%0, %1, %2, %3}, [%4];"
             : "=r"(xi[0]), "=r"(xi[1]), "=r"(xi[2]), "=r"(xi[3])
             : "l"(xs));
+#else
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        GGML_UNUSED_VARS(t, xs0, stride);
+        NO_DEVICE_CODE;
 #else
         load_generic(t, xs0, stride);
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
 #endif // TURING_MMA_AVAILABLE
     }
 
+    template <typename T>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix(
+            tile<32, 8, T> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+#if 1
+        // TODO: more generic handling
+        static_assert(sizeof(T) == 4, "bad type size");
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<4*sizeof(T)>(t.x + 0, xs0 + t.get_i(0)*stride + 0);
+        ggml_cuda_memcpy_1<4*sizeof(T)>(t.x + 4, xs0 + t.get_i(4)*stride + 4);
+#else
+        load_generic(t, xs0, stride);
+#endif // 1
+#else
+        tile<16, 8, T> * t16 = (tile<16, 8, T> *) &t;
+        load_ldmatrix(t16[0], xs0 +  0*stride, stride);
+        load_ldmatrix(t16[1], xs0 + 16*stride, stride);
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+    }
+
     template <typename T>
     static __device__ __forceinline__ void load_ldmatrix_trans(
             tile<16, 8, T> & t, const T * __restrict__ xs0, const int stride) {
@@ -546,4 +696,43 @@ namespace ggml_cuda_mma {
         NO_DEVICE_CODE;
 #endif // AMD_MFMA_AVAILABLE
     }
+
+    template <typename T1, typename T2, int J, int K>
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<32, J, T1> & D, const tile<32, K, T2> & A, const tile<J, K, T2> & B) {
+        tile<16, J, T1> * D16 = (tile<16, J, T1> *) &D;
+        tile<16, K, T2> * A16 = (tile<16, K, T2> *) &A;
+        mma(D16[0], A16[0], B);
+        mma(D16[1], A16[1], B);
+    }
+
+    static __device__ __forceinline__ void mma(
+            tile<32, 8, float> & D, const tile<32, 8, half2> & A, const tile<8, 8, half2> & B) {
+#if __CUDA_ARCH__ == GGML_CUDA_CC_VOLTA
+        const int * Axi = (const int *) A.x;
+        const int * Bxi = (const int *) B.x;
+        int       * Dxi = (int       *) D.x;
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.col.f32.f16.f16.f32 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%10, %11}, {%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3]), "+r"(Dxi[4]), "+r"(Dxi[5]), "+r"(Dxi[6]), "+r"(Dxi[7])
+            : "r"(Axi[0]), "r"(Axi[1]), "r"(Bxi[0]), "r"(Bxi[1]));
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.col.f32.f16.f16.f32 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%10, %11}, {%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3]), "+r"(Dxi[4]), "+r"(Dxi[5]), "+r"(Dxi[6]), "+r"(Dxi[7])
+            : "r"(Axi[2]), "r"(Axi[3]), "r"(Bxi[2]), "r"(Bxi[3]));
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.col.f32.f16.f16.f32 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%10, %11}, {%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3]), "+r"(Dxi[4]), "+r"(Dxi[5]), "+r"(Dxi[6]), "+r"(Dxi[7])
+            : "r"(Axi[4]), "r"(Axi[5]), "r"(Bxi[4]), "r"(Bxi[5]));
+        asm("mma.sync.aligned.m8n8k4.row.col.f32.f16.f16.f32 "
+            "{%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7}, {%8, %9}, {%10, %11}, {%0, %1, %2, %3, %4, %5, %6, %7};"
+            : "+r"(Dxi[0]), "+r"(Dxi[1]), "+r"(Dxi[2]), "+r"(Dxi[3]), "+r"(Dxi[4]), "+r"(Dxi[5]), "+r"(Dxi[6]), "+r"(Dxi[7])
+            : "r"(Axi[6]), "r"(Axi[7]), "r"(Bxi[6]), "r"(Bxi[7]));
+#else
+        tile<16, 8, float> * D16 = (tile<16, 8, float> *) &D;
+        tile<16, 8, half2> * A16 = (tile<16, 8, half2> *) &A;
+        mma(D16[0], A16[0], B);
+        mma(D16[1], A16[1], B);
+#endif // __CUDA_ARCH__ >= GGML_CUDA_CC_AMPERE
+    }
 }

ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.cu

@@ -119,15 +119,27 @@ void ggml_cuda_mul_mat_f(ggml_backend_cuda_context & ctx, const ggml_tensor * sr
     }
 }
 
-bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int warp_size, const int64_t * src0_ne, const int src1_ncols, bool mul_mat_id) {
-
+bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int warp_size, const int64_t * src0_ne,
+        const size_t * src0_nb, const int src1_ncols, bool mul_mat_id) {
     if (ggml_is_quantized(type)) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    if (src0_ne[0] % (warp_size * (4/ggml_type_size(type))) != 0) {
+    const size_t ts = ggml_type_size(type);
+    if (src0_ne[0] % (warp_size * (4/ts)) != 0) {
         return false;
     }
+
+    if (src0_nb[0] != ts) {
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    // Pointers not aligned to the size of half2/nv_bfloat162/float2 would result in a crash:
+    for (size_t i = 1; i < GGML_MAX_DIMS; ++i) {
+        if (src0_nb[i] % (2*ts) != 0) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
     if (src0_ne[1] % MMF_ROWS_PER_BLOCK != 0) {
         return false;
     }
@@ -148,7 +160,7 @@ bool ggml_cuda_should_use_mmf(enum ggml_type type, int cc, int warp_size, const
         case GGML_TYPE_F32:
             return ampere_mma_available(cc);
         case GGML_TYPE_F16:
-            return turing_mma_available(cc);
+            return volta_mma_available(cc) || turing_mma_available(cc);
         case GGML_TYPE_BF16:
             return ampere_mma_available(cc);
         default: