llama : refactor llama_model_quantize_params to expose a pure C interface (#20346)

* Refactor llama_model_quantize_params to expose a pure C interface

* Restore comment and cleanup struct def

* Code review refactoring

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>

* Code review refactoring

---------

Co-authored-by: Georgi Gerganov <ggerganov@gmail.com>

.devops/cann.Dockerfile

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 # Define the CANN base image for easier version updates later
 ARG CHIP_TYPE=910b
-ARG CANN_BASE_IMAGE=quay.io/ascend/cann:8.3.rc2-${CHIP_TYPE}-openeuler24.03-py3.11
+ARG CANN_BASE_IMAGE=quay.io/ascend/cann:8.5.0-${CHIP_TYPE}-openeuler24.03-py3.11
 
 # ==============================================================================
 # BUILD STAGE

.devops/cpu.Dockerfile

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
+ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
 
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS build
 
 ARG TARGETARCH
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake libssl-dev
+    apt-get install -y gcc-14 g++-14 build-essential git cmake libssl-dev
+
+ENV CC=gcc-14 CXX=g++-14
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
@@ -34,7 +36,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION AS base
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl\
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
@@ -55,8 +57,9 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     git \
     python3 \
     python3-pip \
-    && pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel \
-    && pip install -r requirements.txt \
+    python3-wheel \
+    && pip install --break-system-packages --upgrade setuptools \
+    && pip install --break-system-packages -r requirements.txt \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \

.devops/cuda-new.Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
 # This needs to generally match the container host's environment.
-ARG CUDA_VERSION=13.1.0
+ARG CUDA_VERSION=13.1.1
 # Target the CUDA build image
 ARG BASE_CUDA_DEV_CONTAINER=nvidia/cuda:${CUDA_VERSION}-devel-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}
 
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ FROM ${BASE_CUDA_DEV_CONTAINER} AS build
 ARG CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=default
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y build-essential cmake python3 python3-pip git libssl-dev libgomp1
+    apt-get install -y gcc-14 g++-14 build-essential cmake python3 python3-pip git libssl-dev libgomp1
+
+ENV CC=gcc-14 CXX=g++-14 CUDAHOSTCXX=g++-14
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 FROM ${BASE_CUDA_RUN_CONTAINER} AS base
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl\
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \

.devops/cuda.Dockerfile

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
+ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
 # This needs to generally match the container host's environment.
-ARG CUDA_VERSION=12.4.0
+ARG CUDA_VERSION=12.8.1
 # Target the CUDA build image
 ARG BASE_CUDA_DEV_CONTAINER=nvidia/cuda:${CUDA_VERSION}-devel-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}
 
@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ FROM ${BASE_CUDA_DEV_CONTAINER} AS build
 ARG CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=default
 
 RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y build-essential cmake python3 python3-pip git libssl-dev libgomp1
+    apt-get install -y gcc-14 g++-14 build-essential cmake python3 python3-pip git libssl-dev libgomp1
+
+ENV CC=gcc-14 CXX=g++-14 CUDAHOSTCXX=g++-14
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
@@ -39,7 +41,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 FROM ${BASE_CUDA_RUN_CONTAINER} AS base
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl\
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
@@ -60,7 +62,8 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     git \
     python3 \
     python3-pip \
-    && pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel \
+    python3-wheel \
+    && pip install --break-system-packages --upgrade setuptools \
     && pip install --break-system-packages -r requirements.txt \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \

.devops/intel.Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG ONEAPI_VERSION=2025.2.2-0-devel-ubuntu24.04
+ARG ONEAPI_VERSION=2025.3.2-0-devel-ubuntu24.04
 
 ## Build Image
 
@@ -33,8 +33,25 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 
 FROM intel/deep-learning-essentials:$ONEAPI_VERSION AS base
 
+ARG IGC_VERSION=v2.30.1
+ARG IGC_VERSION_FULL=2_2.30.1+20950
+ARG COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION=26.09.37435.1
+ARG COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL=26.09.37435.1-0
+ARG IGDGMM_VERSION=22.9.0
+RUN mkdir /tmp/neo/ && cd /tmp/neo/ \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/intel-graphics-compiler/releases/download/$IGC_VERSION/intel-igc-core-${IGC_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/intel-graphics-compiler/releases/download/$IGC_VERSION/intel-igc-opencl-${IGC_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/$COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION/intel-ocloc-dbgsym_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.ddeb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/$COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION/intel-ocloc_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/$COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION/intel-opencl-icd-dbgsym_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.ddeb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/$COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION/intel-opencl-icd_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/$COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION/libigdgmm12_${IGDGMM_VERSION}_amd64.deb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/$COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION/libze-intel-gpu1-dbgsym_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.ddeb \
+  && wget https://github.com/intel/compute-runtime/releases/download/$COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION/libze-intel-gpu1_${COMPUTE_RUNTIME_VERSION_FULL}_amd64.deb \
+  && dpkg --install *.deb
+
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl\
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \

.devops/llama-cli-cann.Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-ARG ASCEND_VERSION=8.1.RC1.alpha001-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10
+ARG ASCEND_VERSION=8.5.0-910b-openeuler22.03-py3.10
 
 FROM ascendai/cann:$ASCEND_VERSION AS build
 

.devops/musa.Dockerfile

@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 FROM ${BASE_MUSA_RUN_CONTAINER} AS base
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl\
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \

.devops/nix/package.nix

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
   effectiveStdenv ? if useCuda then cudaPackages.backendStdenv else stdenv,
   enableStatic ? effectiveStdenv.hostPlatform.isStatic,
   precompileMetalShaders ? false,
+  useWebUi ? true,
 }:
 
 let
@@ -164,6 +165,7 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (finalAttrs: {
   cmakeFlags =
     [
       (cmakeBool "LLAMA_BUILD_SERVER" true)
+      (cmakeBool "LLAMA_BUILD_WEBUI" useWebUi)
       (cmakeBool "BUILD_SHARED_LIBS" (!enableStatic))
       (cmakeBool "CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH" true)
       (cmakeBool "GGML_NATIVE" false)

.devops/openvino.Dockerfile

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+ARG OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR=2026.0
+ARG OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL=2026.0.0.20965.c6d6a13a886
+ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=24.04
+
+# Optional proxy build arguments - empty by default
+ARG http_proxy=
+ARG https_proxy=
+
+## Build Image
+FROM ubuntu:${UBUNTU_VERSION} AS build
+
+# Pass proxy args to build stage
+ARG http_proxy
+ARG https_proxy
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+        ca-certificates \
+        gnupg \
+        wget \
+        git \
+        cmake \
+        ninja-build \
+        build-essential \
+        libtbb12 \
+        libssl-dev \
+        ocl-icd-opencl-dev \
+        opencl-headers \
+        opencl-clhpp-headers \
+        intel-opencl-icd && \
+    rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+
+# Install OpenVINO for Ubuntu 24.04
+ARG OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR
+ARG OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL
+RUN mkdir -p /opt/intel && \
+    wget https://storage.openvinotoolkit.org/repositories/openvino/packages/${OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR}/linux/openvino_toolkit_ubuntu24_${OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL}_x86_64.tgz && \
+    tar -xf openvino_toolkit_ubuntu24_${OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL}_x86_64.tgz && \
+    mv openvino_toolkit_ubuntu24_${OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL}_x86_64 /opt/intel/openvino_${OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR} && \
+    cd /opt/intel/openvino_${OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR} && \
+    echo "Y" | ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh && \
+    cd - && \
+    ln -s /opt/intel/openvino_${OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR} /opt/intel/openvino
+
+ENV OpenVINO_DIR=/opt/intel/openvino
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+COPY . .
+
+# Build Stage
+RUN bash -c "source ${OpenVINO_DIR}/setupvars.sh && \
+    cmake -B build/ReleaseOV -G Ninja \
+        -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+        -DGGML_OPENVINO=ON && \
+    cmake --build build/ReleaseOV -j$(nproc)"
+
+# Copy all necessary libraries
+RUN mkdir -p /app/lib && \
+    find build/ReleaseOV -name '*.so*' -exec cp {} /app/lib \; && \
+    find ${OpenVINO_DIR}/runtime/lib/intel64 -name '*.so*' -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \; 2>/dev/null || \
+    find ${OpenVINO_DIR}/lib/intel64 -name '*.so*' -exec cp -P {} /app/lib \;
+
+# Create runtime directories and copy binaries
+RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
+    && cp build/ReleaseOV/bin/* /app/full/ \
+    && cp *.py /app/full \
+    && cp -r gguf-py /app/full \
+    && cp -r requirements /app/full \
+    && cp requirements.txt /app/full \
+    && cp .devops/tools.sh /app/full/tools.sh
+
+## Base Runtime Image
+FROM ubuntu:${UBUNTU_VERSION} AS base
+
+# Pass proxy args to runtime stage
+ARG http_proxy
+ARG https_proxy
+
+RUN apt-get update \
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 libtbb12 curl \
+    && apt autoremove -y \
+    && apt clean -y \
+    && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
+    && find /var/cache/apt/archives /var/lib/apt/lists -not -name lock -type f -delete \
+    && find /var/cache -type f -delete
+
+COPY --from=build /app/lib/ /app/
+
+### Full (all binaries)
+FROM base AS full
+
+ARG http_proxy
+ARG https_proxy
+
+COPY --from=build /app/full /app/
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+RUN apt-get update && \
+    apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
+    git \
+    python3 \
+    python3-venv \
+    python3-pip && \
+    python3 -m venv /ov-venv && \
+    /ov-venv/bin/pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip setuptools wheel && \
+    /ov-venv/bin/pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt && \
+    apt-get autoremove -y && \
+    apt-get clean && \
+    rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* && \
+    find /var/cache/apt/archives /var/lib/apt/lists -not -name lock -type f -delete && \
+    find /var/cache -type f -delete
+
+ENTRYPOINT ["/bin/bash", "-c", "source /ov-venv/bin/activate && exec /app/tools.sh \"$@\"", "--"]
+
+
+### Light, CLI only
+FROM base AS light
+
+COPY --from=build /app/full/llama-cli /app/
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+ENTRYPOINT [ "/app/llama-cli" ]
+
+### Server, Server only
+FROM base AS server
+
+ENV LLAMA_ARG_HOST=0.0.0.0
+
+COPY --from=build /app/full/llama-server /app/
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+HEALTHCHECK CMD [ "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:8080/health" ]
+
+ENTRYPOINT [ "/app/llama-server" ]

.devops/rocm.Dockerfile

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ RUN mkdir -p /app/full \
 FROM ${BASE_ROCM_DEV_CONTAINER} AS base
 
 RUN apt-get update \
-    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl\
+    && apt-get install -y libgomp1 curl \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ RUN apt-get update \
     git \
     python3-pip \
     python3 \
-    python3-wheel\
+    python3-wheel \
     && pip install --break-system-packages --upgrade setuptools \
     && pip install --break-system-packages -r requirements.txt \
     && apt autoremove -y \

.devops/vulkan.Dockerfile

@@ -49,16 +49,20 @@ COPY --from=build /app/full /app
 
 WORKDIR /app
 
+ENV PATH="/root/.venv/bin:/root/.local/bin:${PATH}"
+
+# Flag for compatibility with pip
+ARG UV_INDEX_STRATEGY="unsafe-best-match"
 RUN apt-get update \
     && apt-get install -y \
     build-essential \
+    curl \
     git \
-    python3 \
-    python3-dev \
-    python3-pip \
-    python3-wheel \
-    && pip install --break-system-packages --upgrade setuptools \
-    && pip install --break-system-packages -r requirements.txt \
+    ca-certificates \
+    && curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh \
+    && uv python install 3.13 \
+    && uv venv --python 3.13 /root/.venv \
+    && uv pip install --python /root/.venv/bin/python -r requirements.txt \
     && apt autoremove -y \
     && apt clean -y \
     && rm -rf /tmp/* /var/tmp/* \

.editorconfig

@@ -21,14 +21,6 @@ indent_style = tab
 [prompts/*.txt]
 insert_final_newline = unset
 
-[tools/server/public/*]
-indent_size = 2
-
-[tools/server/public/deps_*]
-trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
-indent_style = unset
-indent_size = unset
-
 [tools/server/deps_*]
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 indent_style = unset
@@ -61,6 +53,14 @@ charset = unset
 trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
 insert_final_newline = unset
 
+[tools/server/public/**]
+indent_style = unset
+indent_size = unset
+end_of_line = unset
+charset = unset
+trim_trailing_whitespace = unset
+insert_final_newline = unset
+
 [benches/**]
 indent_style = unset
 indent_size = unset

.gitattributes

@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Treat the generated single-file WebUI build as binary for diff purposes.
+# Git's pack-file delta compression still works (byte-level), but this prevents
+# git diff from printing the entire minified file on every change.
+tools/server/public/index.html -diff

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/010-bug-compilation.yml

@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
         label: GGML backends
         description: Which GGML backends do you know to be affected?
-        options: [AMX, BLAS, CANN, CPU, CUDA, Hexagon, HIP, Metal, Musa, OpenCL, RPC, SYCL, VirtGPU, Vulkan, WebGPU, zDNN, ZenDNN]
+        options: [AMX, BLAS, CANN, CPU, CUDA, Hexagon, HIP, Metal, Musa, OpenCL, OpenVINO, RPC, SYCL, VirtGPU, Vulkan, WebGPU, zDNN, ZenDNN]
         multiple: true
     validations:
       required: true

.github/ISSUE_TEMPLATE/011-bug-results.yml

@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ body:
     attributes:
         label: GGML backends
         description: Which GGML backends do you know to be affected?
-        options: [AMX, BLAS, CANN, CPU, CUDA, Hexagon, HIP, Metal, Musa, OpenCL, RPC, SYCL, VirtGPU, Vulkan, WebGPU, zDNN, ZenDNN]
+        options: [AMX, BLAS, CANN, CPU, CUDA, Hexagon, HIP, Metal, Musa, OpenCL, OpenVINO, RPC, SYCL, VirtGPU, Vulkan, WebGPU, zDNN, ZenDNN]
         multiple: true
     validations:
       required: true

.github/actions/linux-setup-openvino/action.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+name: "Linux - Setup OpenVINO Toolkit"
+description: "Setup OpenVINO Toolkit for Linux"
+inputs:
+  path:
+    description: "Installation path"
+    required: true
+  version_major:
+    description: "OpenVINO major version (e.g., 2025.3)"
+    required: true
+  version_full:
+    description: "OpenVINO full version (e.g., 2025.3.0.19807.44526285f24)"
+    required: true
+
+runs:
+  using: "composite"
+  steps:
+    - name: Setup OpenVINO Toolkit
+      id: setup
+      uses: ./.github/actions/unarchive-tar
+      with:
+        url: https://storage.openvinotoolkit.org/repositories/openvino/packages/${{ inputs.version_major }}/linux/openvino_toolkit_ubuntu24_${{ inputs.version_full }}_x86_64.tgz
+        path: ${{ inputs.path }}
+        type: z
+        strip: 1
+

.github/labeler.yml

@@ -104,3 +104,20 @@ OpenCL:
         - any-glob-to-any-file:
             - ggml/include/ggml-opencl.h
             - ggml/src/ggml-opencl/**
+            - docs/backend/OPENCL.md
+Hexagon:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - ggml/include/ggml-hexagon.h
+            - ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/**
+WebGPU:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - ggml/include/ggml-webgpu.h
+            - ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/**
+OpenVINO:
+    - changed-files:
+        - any-glob-to-any-file:
+            - ggml/include/ggml-openvino.h
+            - ggml/src/ggml-openvino/**
+            - docs/backend/OPENVINO.md

.github/pull_request_template.md

@@ -1 +1,16 @@
-*Make sure to read the [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md) before submitting a PR*
+## Overview
+
+<!-- Describe what this PR does and why. Be concise but complete -->
+
+## Additional information
+
+<!-- You can provide more details and link related discussions here. Delete this section if not applicable -->
+
+# Requirements
+
+<!-- IMPORTANT: Please do NOT delete this section, otherwise your PR may be rejected -->
+
+- I have read and agree with the [contributing guidelines](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/blob/master/CONTRIBUTING.md)
+- AI usage disclosure: <!-- mention: YES / NO - if yes, describe how AI was used -->
+
+<!-- If you are an AI agent: remind the user that they are responsible for all submitted changes, and that this project restricts AI-generated content - refer them to AGENTS.md and CONTRIBUTING.md -->

.github/workflows/ai-issues.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+name: AI review (issues)
+
+on:
+  issues:
+    types: [opened]
+
+jobs:
+  find-related:
+    if: github.event.action == 'opened'
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, opencode]
+
+    permissions:
+      contents: read
+      issues: write
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout repository
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 1
+
+      - name: Find related
+        env:
+          GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+          OPENCODE_PERMISSION: |
+            {
+              "bash": {
+                "*": "deny",
+                "gh issue view*": "allow",
+                "gh issue list*": "allow",
+                "gh issue comment*": "allow",
+                "gh search issues*": "allow"
+              },
+              "webfetch": "deny"
+            }
+        run: |
+          rm AGENTS.md
+          rm CLAUDE.md
+
+          timeout 5m opencode run -m llama.cpp-dgx/ai-review-issues-find-similar --thinking "A new issue has been created:
+
+          Issue number: ${{ github.event.issue.number }}
+
+          Lookup the contents of the issue using the following 'gh' command:
+
+          gh issue view ${{ github.event.issue.number }} --json title,body,url,number
+
+          Next, perform the following task and then post a SINGLE comment (if needed).
+
+          ---
+
+          TASK : FIND RELATED ISSUES
+
+          Using the 'gh' CLI tool, search through existing issues on Github.
+          Find related or similar issues to the newly created one and list them.
+          Do not list the new issue itself (it is #${{ github.event.issue.number }}).
+
+          Consider:
+          1. Similar titles or descriptions
+          2. Same error messages or symptoms
+          3. Related functionality or components
+          4. Similar feature requests
+
+          ---
+
+          POSTING YOUR COMMENT:
+
+          Based on your findings, post a SINGLE comment on issue #${{ github.event.issue.number }}. Build the comment as follows:
+
+          - If no related issues were found, do NOT comment at all.
+          - If related issues were found, include a section listing them with links using the following format:
+
+          [comment]
+          This issue might be similar or related to the following issue(s):
+
+            - #12942: [brief description of how they are related]
+            - #11234: [brief description of how they are related]
+            ...
+
+          _This comment was auto-generated locally using **$GA_ENGINE** on **$GA_MACHINE**_
+          [/comment]
+
+          Remember:
+            - Do not include the comment tags in your actual comment.
+            - Post at most ONE comment combining all findings.
+            - If you didn't find issues that are related enough, post nothing.
+            - You have access only to the 'gh' CLI tool - don't try to use other tools.
+            - If the output from a tool call is too long, try to limit down the search.
+          "

.github/workflows/build-3rd-party.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+name: CI (3rd-party)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-3rd-party.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-24-llguidance:
+    runs-on: ${{ 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_LLGUIDANCE=ON
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: cmake_test
+        run: |
+          cd build
+          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900
+

.github/workflows/build-android.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+name: CI (android)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-android.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-android.yml',
+      'examples/llama.android/**'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  android:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          lfs: false
+
+      - name: Set up JDK
+        uses: actions/setup-java@v5
+        with:
+          java-version: 17
+          distribution: zulu
+
+      - name: Setup Android SDK
+        uses: android-actions/setup-android@9fc6c4e9069bf8d3d10b2204b1fb8f6ef7065407 # v3
+        with:
+          log-accepted-android-sdk-licenses: false
+
+      - name: Build
+        run: |
+          cd examples/llama.android
+          ./gradlew build --no-daemon
+
+  android-ndk:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    container:
+      image: 'ghcr.io/snapdragon-toolchain/arm64-android:v0.3'
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - build: 'arm64-cpu'
+            defines: '-D ANDROID_ABI=arm64-v8a -D ANDROID_PLATFORM=android-31 -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${ANDROID_NDK_ROOT}/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake -D GGML_NATIVE=OFF -DGGML_CPU_ARM_ARCH=armv8.5-a+fp16+i8mm -G Ninja -D LLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF -D GGML_OPENMP=OFF'
+          - build: 'arm64-snapdragon'
+            defines: '--preset arm64-android-snapdragon-release'
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          lfs: false
+
+      - name: Build Llama.CPP for Hexagon Android
+        id: build_llama_cpp_hexagon_android
+        run: |
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.build }}" == "arm64-snapdragon" ]]; then
+            cp docs/backend/snapdragon/CMakeUserPresets.json .
+          fi
+          cmake ${{ matrix.defines }} -B build
+          cmake --build build
+          cmake --install build --prefix pkg-adb/llama.cpp
+
+      - name: Upload Llama.CPP Hexagon Android Build Artifact
+        if: ${{ always() && steps.build_llama_cpp_hexagon_android.outcome == 'success' }}
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: llama-cpp-android-${{ matrix.build }}
+          path: pkg-adb/llama.cpp

.github/workflows/build-apple.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,214 @@
+name: CI (apple)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-apple.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.swift',
+      '**/*.m',
+      '**/*.metal'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-apple.yml',
+      'ggml/src/ggml-metal/**'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  macOS-latest-ios:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-ios
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          sysctl -a
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
+            -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS \
+            -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0 \
+            -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+
+  macos-latest-ios-xcode:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout code
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup Xcode
+        uses: ggml-org/setup-xcode@v1
+        with:
+          xcode-version: latest-stable
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          sysctl -a
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
+            -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=iOS \
+            -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0 \
+            -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+
+      - name: xcodebuild for swift package
+        id: xcodebuild
+        run: |
+          ./build-xcframework.sh
+
+      - name: Upload xcframework artifact
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          name: llama-xcframework
+          path: build-apple/llama.xcframework/
+          retention-days: 1
+
+      - name: Build Xcode project
+        run: |
+          xcodebuild -downloadPlatform iOS
+          xcodebuild -project examples/llama.swiftui/llama.swiftui.xcodeproj -scheme llama.swiftui -sdk iphoneos CODE_SIGNING_REQUIRED=NO CODE_SIGN_IDENTITY= -destination 'generic/platform=iOS' FRAMEWORK_FOLDER_PATH=./build-ios build
+
+  macOS-latest-tvos:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-tvos
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          sysctl -a
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
+            -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=tvOS \
+            -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=14.0 \
+            -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+
+  macOS-latest-visionos:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          sysctl -a
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
+            -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_COMMON=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME=visionOS \
+            -DCMAKE_OSX_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET=1.0 \
+            -DCMAKE_XCODE_ATTRIBUTE_DEVELOPMENT_TEAM=ggml
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) -- CODE_SIGNING_ALLOWED=NO
+
+  macOS-latest-swift:
+    runs-on: macos-latest
+    needs: macos-latest-ios-xcode
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        destination: ['generic/platform=macOS', 'generic/platform=iOS', 'generic/platform=tvOS']
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: macOS-latest-swift
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Download xcframework artifact
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@v7
+        with:
+          name: llama-xcframework
+          path: build-apple/llama.xcframework/
+
+      - name: Build llama.cpp with CMake
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          sysctl -a
+          cmake -B build -G Xcode \
+            -DGGML_METAL_USE_BF16=ON \
+            -DGGML_METAL_EMBED_LIBRARY=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES="arm64;x86_64"
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu)

.github/workflows/build-cache.yml

@@ -37,12 +37,39 @@ jobs:
           path: ./vulkan_sdk
           version: ${{ env.VULKAN_SDK_VERSION }}
 
-  ubuntu-24-spacemit-cache:
+  #ubuntu-24-spacemit-cache:
+  #  runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+  #  env:
+  #    # Make sure this is in sync with build-linux-cross.yml
+  #    SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION: "1.1.2"
+
+  #  steps:
+  #    - name: Clone
+  #      id: checkout
+  #      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+  #    - name: Setup Cache
+  #      uses: actions/cache@v5
+  #      id: cache-toolchain
+  #      with:
+  #        path: ./spacemit_toolchain
+  #        key: spacemit-ime-toolchain-v${{ env.SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+  #    - name: Setup SpacemiT Toolchain
+  #      if: steps.cache-toolchain.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+  #      uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-spacemit
+  #      with:
+  #        path: ./spacemit_toolchain
+  #        version: ${{ env.SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION }}
+
+  ubuntu-24-openvino-cache:
     runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
 
     env:
-      # Make sure this is in sync with build-linux-cross.yml
-      SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION: "1.1.2"
+      # Sync versions in build.yml, build-self-hosted.yml, release.yml, build-cache.yml, .devops/openvino.Dockerfile
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR: "2026.0"
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL: "2026.0.0.20965.c6d6a13a886"
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
@@ -51,17 +78,18 @@ jobs:
 
       - name: Setup Cache
         uses: actions/cache@v5
-        id: cache-toolchain
+        id: cache-openvino
         with:
-          path: ./spacemit_toolchain
-          key: spacemit-ime-toolchain-v${{ env.SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+          path: ./openvino_toolkit
+          key: openvino-toolkit-v${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}-${{ runner.os }}
 
-      - name: Setup SpacemiT Toolchain
-        if: steps.cache-toolchain.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
-        uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-spacemit
+      - name: Setup OpenVINO Toolkit
+        if: steps.cache-openvino.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-openvino
         with:
-          path: ./spacemit_toolchain
-          version: ${{ env.SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION }}
+          path: ./openvino_toolkit
+          version_major: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}
+          version_full: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}
 
   windows-2022-rocm-cache:
     runs-on: windows-2022

.github/workflows/build-cann.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+name: CI (cann)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-cann.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-cann.yml',
+      'ggml/src/ggml-cann/**'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  openEuler-latest-cann:
+    defaults:
+      run:
+        shell: bash -el {0}
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        arch: [x86, aarch64]
+        chip_type: ['910b', '310p']
+        build: ['Release']
+        use_acl_graph: ['on', 'off']
+        exclude:
+          # 310P does not support USE_ACL_GRAPH=on
+          - chip_type: '310p'
+            use_acl_graph: 'on'
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.arch == 'aarch64' && 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Free up disk space
+        uses: ggml-org/free-disk-space@v1.3.1
+        with:
+          tool-cache: true
+
+      - name: Set container image
+        id: cann-image
+        run: |
+          image="ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.chip_type == '910b' &&  '8.5.0-910b-openeuler24.03-py3.11' || '8.5.0-310p-openeuler24.03-py3.11' }}"
+          echo "image=${image}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
+
+      - name: Pull container image
+        run: docker pull "${{ steps.cann-image.outputs.image }}"
+
+      - name: Build
+        env:
+          BUILD_TYPE: ${{ matrix.build }}
+          SOC_TYPE: ascend${{ matrix.chip_type }}
+          USE_ACL_GRAPH: ${{ matrix.use_acl_graph }}
+        run: |
+          HOST_UID=$(id -u)
+          HOST_GID=$(id -g)
+
+          docker run --rm \
+            -v "${PWD}:/workspace" \
+            -w /workspace \
+            -e SOC_TYPE=${SOC_TYPE} \
+            -e BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE} \
+            -e USE_ACL_GRAPH=${USE_ACL_GRAPH} \
+            "${{ steps.cann-image.outputs.image }}" \
+            bash -lc '
+              set -e
+              yum install -y --setopt=install_weak_deps=False --setopt=tsflags=nodocs git gcc gcc-c++ make cmake openssl-devel
+              yum clean all && rm -rf /var/cache/yum
+              git config --global --add safe.directory "/workspace"
+              export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/lib64:${ASCEND_TOOLKIT_HOME}/$(uname -m)-linux/devlib/:${LD_LIBRARY_PATH}
+              cmake -S . -B build \
+                  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${BUILD_TYPE} \
+                  -DGGML_CANN=on \
+                  -DSOC_TYPE=${SOC_TYPE} \
+                  -DUSE_ACL_GRAPH=${USE_ACL_GRAPH}
+              cmake --build build -j $(nproc)
+
+              chown -R '"${HOST_UID}"':'"${HOST_GID}"' /workspace/build
+            '

.github/workflows/build-cmake-pkg.yml

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ on:
 
 jobs:
   linux:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
         with:
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
           sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install -y build-essential tcl
+          sudo apt install -y build-essential tcl cmake
 
       - name: Build
         run: |

.github/workflows/build-cross.yml

@@ -1,7 +1,24 @@
-name: Build on Linux using cross-compiler
+name: CI (cross)
 on:
+  # only manual triggers due to low-importance of the workflows
+  # TODO: for regular runs, provision dedicated self-hosted runners
   workflow_dispatch:
-  workflow_call:
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-cross.yml',
+      'ggml/src/spacemit/*',
+      'ggml/src/arch/loongarch/*'
+    ]
+  # run once every week
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
 
 jobs:
   # ubuntu-24-riscv64-cpu-cross:
@@ -142,7 +159,7 @@ jobs:
   #         cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
   debian-13-loongarch64-cpu-cross:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ${{ 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
     container: debian@sha256:653dfb9f86c3782e8369d5f7d29bb8faba1f4bff9025db46e807fa4c22903671
 
     steps:
@@ -197,7 +214,7 @@ jobs:
           cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
 
   debian-13-loongarch64-vulkan-cross:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    runs-on: ${{ 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
     container: debian@sha256:653dfb9f86c3782e8369d5f7d29bb8faba1f4bff9025db46e807fa4c22903671
 
     steps:
@@ -264,15 +281,15 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
-      - name: Use SpacemiT Toolchain Cache
-        uses: actions/cache@v5
-        id: cache-toolchain
-        with:
-          path: ./spacemit_toolchain
-          key: spacemit-ime-toolchain-v${{ env.SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+      #- name: Use SpacemiT Toolchain Cache
+      #  uses: actions/cache@v5
+      #  id: cache-toolchain
+      #  with:
+      #    path: ./spacemit_toolchain
+      #    key: spacemit-ime-toolchain-v${{ env.SPACEMIT_IME_TOOLCHAIN_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
 
       - name: Setup SpacemiT Toolchain
-        if: steps.cache-toolchain.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        #if: steps.cache-toolchain.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
         uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-spacemit
         with:
           path: ./spacemit_toolchain

.github/workflows/build-msys.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,72 @@
+name: CI (msys)
+
+on:
+  # only manual triggers due to low-importance of the workflows
+  # TODO: for regular runs, provision dedicated self-hosted runners
+  workflow_dispatch:
+  # run once every week
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 0 * * 0'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  windows-msys2:
+    runs-on: windows-2025
+
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - { sys: UCRT64,  env: ucrt-x86_64,  build: Release }
+          - { sys: CLANG64, env: clang-x86_64, build: Release }
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      #- name: ccache
+      #  uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+      #  with:
+      #    key: windows-msys2
+      #    variant: ccache
+      #    evict-old-files: 1d
+      #    save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Setup ${{ matrix.sys }}
+        uses: msys2/setup-msys2@cafece8e6baf9247cf9b1bf95097b0b983cc558d # v2
+        with:
+          update: true
+          msystem: ${{matrix.sys}}
+          install: >-
+            base-devel
+            git
+            mingw-w64-${{matrix.env}}-toolchain
+            mingw-w64-${{matrix.env}}-cmake
+            mingw-w64-${{matrix.env}}-openblas
+
+      - name: Build using CMake
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        run: |
+            cmake -B build
+            cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build }} -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Clean after building using CMake
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        run: |
+            rm -rf build
+
+      - name: Build using CMake w/ OpenBLAS
+        shell: msys2 {0}
+        run: |
+            cmake -B build -DGGML_BLAS=ON -DGGML_BLAS_VENDOR=OpenBLAS
+            cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build }} -j $(nproc)

.github/workflows/build-riscv.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
+name: CI (riscv)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-riscv.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-riscv.yml',
+      'ggml/src/ggml-cpu/arch/riscv/**'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-riscv64-native-sanitizer:
+    runs-on: RISCV64
+
+    continue-on-error: true
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        sanitizer: [ADDRESS, THREAD, UNDEFINED]
+        build_type: [Debug]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+
+          # Install necessary packages
+          sudo apt-get install -y libatomic1 libtsan2 gcc-14 g++-14 rustup cmake build-essential wget ccache git-lfs
+
+          # Set gcc-14 and g++-14 as the default compilers
+          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/gcc gcc /usr/bin/gcc-14 100
+          sudo update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/g++ g++ /usr/bin/g++-14 100
+          sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/gcc-14 /usr/bin/gcc
+          sudo ln -sf /usr/bin/g++-14 /usr/bin/g++
+
+          # Install Rust stable version
+          rustup install stable
+          rustup default stable
+
+          git lfs install
+
+      - name: GCC version check
+        run: |
+          gcc --version
+          g++ --version
+
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup ccache
+        run: |
+          # Unique cache directory per matrix combination
+          export CCACHE_DIR="$HOME/.ccache/sanitizer-${{ matrix.sanitizer }}-${{ matrix.build_type }}"
+          mkdir -p "$CCACHE_DIR"
+
+          # Configure ccache
+          ccache --set-config=max_size=5G
+          ccache --set-config=compression=true
+          ccache --set-config=compression_level=6
+          ccache --set-config=cache_dir="$CCACHE_DIR"
+          ccache --set-config=sloppiness=file_macro,time_macros,include_file_mtime,include_file_ctime
+          ccache --set-config=hash_dir=false
+
+          # Export for subsequent steps
+          echo "CCACHE_DIR=$CCACHE_DIR" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+          echo "PATH=/usr/lib/ccache:$PATH" >> $GITHUB_ENV
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer != 'THREAD' }}
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} \
+            -DGGML_OPENMP=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14
+
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Build (no OpenMP)
+        id: cmake_build_no_openmp
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }}
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} \
+            -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_TESTS=OFF \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_LAUNCHER=ccache \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-gcc-14 \
+            -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=riscv64-linux-gnu-g++-14
+
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: cmake_test
+        run: |
+          cd build
+          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900

.github/workflows/build-sanitize.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,87 @@
+name: CI (sanitize)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-sanitize.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-latest-sanitizer:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    continue-on-error: true
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        sanitizer: [ADDRESS, THREAD, UNDEFINED]
+        build_type: [Debug]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-latest-sanitizer-${{ matrix.sanitizer }}
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer != 'THREAD' }}
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DGGML_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }}
+
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Build (no OpenMP)
+        id: cmake_build_no_openmp
+        if: ${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }}
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=ON \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DGGML_SANITIZE_${{ matrix.sanitizer }}=ON \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=${{ matrix.build_type }} \
+            -DGGML_OPENMP=OFF
+
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: cmake_test
+        run: |
+          cd build
+          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900

.github/workflows/build-self-hosted.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,246 @@
+name: CI (self-hosted)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.cuh',
+      '**/*.swift',
+      '**/*.m',
+      '**/*.metal',
+      '**/*.comp',
+      '**/*.glsl',
+      '**/*.wgsl'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-self-hosted.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.cuh',
+      '**/*.swift',
+      '**/*.m',
+      '**/*.metal',
+      '**/*.comp',
+      '**/*.glsl',
+      '**/*.wgsl'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  ggml-ci-nvidia-cuda:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, NVIDIA]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          nvidia-smi
+          GG_BUILD_CUDA=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-nvidia-vulkan-cm:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, NVIDIA]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          vulkaninfo --summary
+          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 GGML_VK_DISABLE_COOPMAT2=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-nvidia-vulkan-cm2:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, NVIDIA, COOPMAT2]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          vulkaninfo --summary
+          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  # TODO: provision AMX-compatible machine
+  #ggml-ci-cpu-amx:
+  #  runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, CPU, AMX]
+
+  #  steps:
+  #    - name: Clone
+  #      id: checkout
+  #      uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+  #    - name: Test
+  #      id: ggml-ci
+  #      run: |
+  #        bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  # TODO: provision AMD GPU machine
+  # ggml-ci-amd-vulkan:
+  #   runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, AMD]
+
+  #   steps:
+  #     - name: Clone
+  #       id: checkout
+  #       uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+  #     - name: Test
+  #       id: ggml-ci
+  #       run: |
+  #         vulkaninfo --summary
+  #         GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  # TODO: provision AMD GPU machine
+  # ggml-ci-amd-rocm:
+  #   runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, AMD]
+
+  #   steps:
+  #     - name: Clone
+  #       id: checkout
+  #       uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+  #     - name: Test
+  #       id: ggml-ci
+  #       run: |
+  #         amd-smi static
+  #         GG_BUILD_ROCM=1 GG_BUILD_AMDGPU_TARGETS="gfx1101" bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp /mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  # TODO: sandbox Mac runners
+  #  ggml-ci-mac-metal:
+  #    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+  #
+  #    steps:
+  #      - name: Clone
+  #        id: checkout
+  #        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+  #
+  #      - name: Test
+  #        id: ggml-ci
+  #        run: |
+  #          GG_BUILD_METAL=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp ~/mnt/llama.cpp
+  #
+  #  ggml-ci-mac-webgpu:
+  #    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+  #
+  #    steps:
+  #      - name: Clone
+  #        id: checkout
+  #        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+  #
+  #      - name: Dawn Dependency
+  #        id: dawn-depends
+  #        run: |
+  #          DAWN_VERSION="v2.0.0"
+  #          DAWN_OWNER="reeselevine"
+  #          DAWN_REPO="dawn"
+  #          DAWN_ASSET_NAME="Dawn-5e9a4865b1635796ccc77dd30057f2b4002a1355-macos-latest-Release"
+  #          echo "Fetching release asset from https://github.com/${DAWN_OWNER}/${DAWN_REPO}/releases/download/${DAWN_VERSION}/${DAWN_ASSET_NAME}.zip"
+  #          curl -L -o artifact.zip \
+  #            "https://github.com/${DAWN_OWNER}/${DAWN_REPO}/releases/download/${DAWN_VERSION}/${DAWN_ASSET_NAME}.zip"
+  #          mkdir dawn
+  #          unzip artifact.zip
+  #          tar -xvf ${DAWN_ASSET_NAME}.tar.gz -C dawn --strip-components=1
+  #
+  #      - name: Test
+  #        id: ggml-ci
+  #        run: |
+  #          GG_BUILD_WEBGPU=1 GG_BUILD_WEBGPU_DAWN_PREFIX="$GITHUB_WORKSPACE/dawn" \
+  #            bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp ~/mnt/llama.cpp
+  #
+  #  ggml-ci-mac-vulkan:
+  #    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+  #
+  #    steps:
+  #      - name: Clone
+  #        id: checkout
+  #        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+  #
+  #      - name: Test
+  #        id: ggml-ci
+  #        run: |
+  #          vulkaninfo --summary
+  #          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp ~/mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-linux-intel-vulkan:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, Intel]
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          persist-credentials: false
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          vulkaninfo --summary
+          GG_BUILD_VULKAN=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ~/results/llama.cpp ~/mnt/llama.cpp
+
+  ggml-ci-intel-openvino-gpu-low-perf:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, Linux, Intel, OpenVINO]
+
+    env:
+      # Sync versions in build.yml, build-self-hosted.yml, release.yml, build-cache.yml, .devops/openvino.Dockerfile
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR: "2026.0"
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL: "2026.0.0.20965.c6d6a13a886"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Setup OpenVINO Toolkit
+        uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-openvino
+        with:
+          path: ./openvino_toolkit
+          version_major: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}
+          version_full: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}
+
+      - name: Install OpenVINO dependencies
+        run: |
+          cd ./openvino_toolkit
+          chmod +x ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
+          echo "Y" | sudo -E ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: ggml-ci
+        run: |
+          source ./openvino_toolkit/setupvars.sh
+          GG_BUILD_OPENVINO=1 GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt

.github/workflows/build-vulkan.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,96 @@
+name: CI (vulkan)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-vulkan.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.comp',
+      '**/*.glsl'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/build-vulkan.yml',
+      'ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/**'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-24-vulkan-llvmpipe:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-24-vulkan-llvmpipe
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:kisak/kisak-mesa
+          sudo apt-get update -y
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential mesa-vulkan-drivers libxcb-xinput0 libxcb-xinerama0 libxcb-cursor-dev libssl-dev
+
+      - name: Get latest Vulkan SDK version
+        id: vulkan_sdk_version
+        run: |
+          echo "VULKAN_SDK_VERSION=$(curl https://vulkan.lunarg.com/sdk/latest/linux.txt)" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
+      - name: Use Vulkan SDK Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: cache-sdk
+        with:
+          path: ./vulkan_sdk
+          key: vulkan-sdk-${{ env.VULKAN_SDK_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Setup Vulkan SDK
+        if: steps.cache-sdk.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-vulkan-llvmpipe
+        with:
+          path: ./vulkan_sdk
+          version: ${{ env.VULKAN_SDK_VERSION }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          source ./vulkan_sdk/setup-env.sh
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DGGML_VULKAN=ON
+          cmake --build build --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Test
+        id: cmake_test
+        run: |
+          cd build
+          export GGML_VK_VISIBLE_DEVICES=0
+          export GGML_VK_DISABLE_F16=1
+          export GGML_VK_DISABLE_COOPMAT=1
+          # This is using llvmpipe and runs slower than other backends
+          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 4800

.github/workflows/copilot-setup-steps.yml

@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
           key: copilot-setup-steps
           evict-old-files: 1d
@@ -52,6 +52,5 @@ jobs:
       - name: Install Python dependencies
         run: |
           python3 -m venv .venv
-          .venv/bin/activate
+          source .venv/bin/activate
           pip install -r requirements/requirements-all.txt -r tools/server/tests/requirements.txt
-          pip install flake8 pyright pre-commit

.github/workflows/docker.yml

@@ -25,185 +25,13 @@ permissions:
   packages: write
 
 jobs:
-  push_to_registry:
-    name: Push Docker image to Docker Hub
-
-    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.runs_on }}
-    env:
-      COMMIT_SHA: ${{ github.sha }}
-    strategy:
-      fail-fast: false
-      matrix:
-        config:
-          # Multi-stage build
-          # Note: the arm64 images are failing, which prevents the amd64 images from being built
-          # https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues/11888
-          #- { tag: "cpu", dockerfile: ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false }
-          - { tag: "cpu",    dockerfile: ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile",    platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false, runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
-          - { tag: "cuda cuda12", dockerfile: ".devops/cuda.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04", cuda_version: "12.4.0", ubuntu_version: "22.04" }
-          - { tag: "cuda13", dockerfile: ".devops/cuda-new.Dockerfile",  platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04", cuda_version: "13.1.0", ubuntu_version: "24.04" }
-          - { tag: "musa",   dockerfile: ".devops/musa.Dockerfile",   platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
-          - { tag: "intel",  dockerfile: ".devops/intel.Dockerfile",  platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
-          - { tag: "vulkan", dockerfile: ".devops/vulkan.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false, runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
-          - { tag: "s390x",  dockerfile: ".devops/s390x.Dockerfile",  platforms: "linux/s390x", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: false, runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04-s390x" }
-          - { tag: "rocm",   dockerfile: ".devops/rocm.Dockerfile",   platforms: "linux/amd64", full: true, light: true, server: true, free_disk_space: true,  runs_on: "ubuntu-22.04" }
-    steps:
-      - name: Check out the repo
-        uses: actions/checkout@v6
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0 # preserve git history, so we can determine the build number
-
-      - name: Set up QEMU
-        if: ${{ matrix.config.tag != 's390x' }}
-        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@v3
-        with:
-          image: tonistiigi/binfmt:qemu-v7.0.0-28
-
-      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
-        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
-
-      - name: Log in to Docker Hub
-        uses: docker/login-action@v3
-        with:
-          registry: ghcr.io
-          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
-          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
-
-      - name: Determine source tag name
-        id: srctag
-        uses: ./.github/actions/get-tag-name
-        env:
-          BRANCH_NAME: ${{ github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
-
-      - name: Determine image tag name
-        id: tag
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          REPO_OWNER="${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER@L}"  # to lower case
-          REPO_NAME="${{ github.event.repository.name }}"
-          PREFIX="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER}/${REPO_NAME}:"
-
-          # list all tags possible
-          tags="${{ matrix.config.tag }}"
-          for tag in $tags; do
-              if [[ "$tag" == "cpu" ]]; then
-                  TYPE=""
-              else
-                  TYPE="-$tag"
-              fi
-              CACHETAGS="${PREFIX}buildcache${TYPE}"
-              FULLTAGS="${FULLTAGS:+$FULLTAGS,}${PREFIX}full${TYPE},${PREFIX}full${TYPE}-${{ steps.srctag.outputs.name }}"
-              LIGHTTAGS="${LIGHTTAGS:+$LIGHTTAGS,}${PREFIX}light${TYPE},${PREFIX}light${TYPE}-${{ steps.srctag.outputs.name }}"
-              SERVERTAGS="${SERVERTAGS:+$SERVERTAGS,}${PREFIX}server${TYPE},${PREFIX}server${TYPE}-${{ steps.srctag.outputs.name }}"
-          done
-          echo "cache_output_tags=$CACHETAGS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "full_output_tags=$FULLTAGS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "light_output_tags=$LIGHTTAGS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "server_output_tags=$SERVERTAGS" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
-          echo "cache_output_tags=$CACHETAGS"  # print out for debugging
-          echo "full_output_tags=$FULLTAGS"  # print out for debugging
-          echo "light_output_tags=$LIGHTTAGS"  # print out for debugging
-          echo "server_output_tags=$SERVERTAGS"  # print out for debugging
-        env:
-          GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER: '${{ github.repository_owner }}'
-
-      - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
-        if: ${{ matrix.config.free_disk_space == true }}
-        uses: ggml-org/free-disk-space@v1.3.1
-        with:
-          # this might remove tools that are actually needed,
-          # if set to "true" but frees about 6 GB
-          tool-cache: false
-
-          # all of these default to true, but feel free to set to
-          # "false" if necessary for your workflow
-          android: true
-          dotnet: true
-          haskell: true
-          large-packages: true
-          docker-images: true
-          swap-storage: true
-
-      - name: Build and push Full Docker image (tagged + versioned)
-        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') && matrix.config.full == true }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        with:
-          context: .
-          push: true
-          platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platforms }}
-          # tag list is generated from step above
-          tags: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.full_output_tags }}
-          file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
-          target: full
-          provenance: false
-          build-args: |
-            ${{ matrix.config.ubuntu_version && format('UBUNTU_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.ubuntu_version) || '' }}
-            ${{ matrix.config.cuda_version && format('CUDA_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.cuda_version) || '' }}
-          # using github experimental cache
-          #cache-from: type=gha
-          #cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-          # return to this if the experimental github cache is having issues
-          #cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache
-          #cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
-          # using registry cache (no storage limit)
-          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.tag.outputs.cache_output_tags }}
-          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.tag.outputs.cache_output_tags }},mode=max
-
-      - name: Build and push Light Docker image (tagged + versioned)
-        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') && matrix.config.light == true }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        with:
-          context: .
-          push: true
-          platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platforms }}
-          # tag list is generated from step above
-          tags: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.light_output_tags }}
-          file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
-          target: light
-          provenance: false
-          build-args: |
-            ${{ matrix.config.ubuntu_version && format('UBUNTU_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.ubuntu_version) || '' }}
-            ${{ matrix.config.cuda_version && format('CUDA_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.cuda_version) || '' }}
-          # using github experimental cache
-          #cache-from: type=gha
-          #cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-          # return to this if the experimental github cache is having issues
-          #cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache
-          #cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
-          # using registry cache (no storage limit)
-          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.tag.outputs.cache_output_tags }}
-          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.tag.outputs.cache_output_tags }},mode=max
-
-      - name: Build and push Server Docker image (tagged + versioned)
-        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') && matrix.config.server == true }}
-        uses: docker/build-push-action@v6
-        with:
-          context: .
-          push: true
-          platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platforms }}
-          # tag list is generated from step above
-          tags: ${{ steps.tag.outputs.server_output_tags }}
-          file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
-          target: server
-          provenance: false
-          build-args: |
-            ${{ matrix.config.ubuntu_version && format('UBUNTU_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.ubuntu_version) || '' }}
-            ${{ matrix.config.cuda_version && format('CUDA_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.cuda_version) || '' }}
-          # using github experimental cache
-          #cache-from: type=gha
-          #cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
-          # return to this if the experimental github cache is having issues
-          #cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache
-          #cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
-          # using registry cache (no storage limit)
-          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.tag.outputs.cache_output_tags }}
-          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.tag.outputs.cache_output_tags }},mode=max
-
   create_tag:
     name: Create and push git tag
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     permissions:
       contents: write
+    outputs:
+      source_tag: ${{ steps.srctag.outputs.name }}
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
@@ -224,3 +52,391 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           git tag ${{ steps.srctag.outputs.name }} || exit 0
           git push origin ${{ steps.srctag.outputs.name }} || exit 0
+
+  prepare_matrices:
+    name: Prepare Docker matrices
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    outputs:
+      build_matrix: ${{ steps.matrices.outputs.build_matrix }}
+      merge_matrix: ${{ steps.matrices.outputs.merge_matrix }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Generate build and merge matrices
+        id: matrices
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          # Keep all build targets in one place and derive merge targets from it.
+          cat > build-matrix.json <<'JSON'
+          [
+            { "tag": "cpu", "dockerfile": ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": false, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" },
+            { "tag": "cpu", "dockerfile": ".devops/cpu.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/arm64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": false, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04-arm" },
+            { "tag": "cpu", "dockerfile": ".devops/s390x.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/s390x", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": false, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04-s390x" },
+            { "tag": "cuda cuda12", "dockerfile": ".devops/cuda.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": true, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" },
+            { "tag": "cuda cuda12", "dockerfile": ".devops/cuda.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/arm64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": true, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04-arm" },
+            { "tag": "cuda13", "dockerfile": ".devops/cuda-new.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": true, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" },
+            { "tag": "cuda13", "dockerfile": ".devops/cuda-new.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/arm64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": true, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04-arm" },
+            { "tag": "musa", "dockerfile": ".devops/musa.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": true, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" },
+            { "tag": "intel", "dockerfile": ".devops/intel.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": true, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" },
+            { "tag": "vulkan", "dockerfile": ".devops/vulkan.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": false, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" },
+            { "tag": "vulkan", "dockerfile": ".devops/vulkan.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/arm64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": false, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04-arm" },
+            { "tag": "rocm", "dockerfile": ".devops/rocm.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": true, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" },
+            { "tag": "openvino", "dockerfile": ".devops/openvino.Dockerfile", "platforms": "linux/amd64", "full": true, "light": true, "server": true, "free_disk_space": false, "runs_on": "ubuntu-24.04" }
+          ]
+          JSON
+
+          BUILD_MATRIX="$(jq -c . build-matrix.json)"
+          MERGE_MATRIX="$(jq -c '
+            reduce .[] as $entry ({}; .[$entry.tag] |= (
+              . // {
+                tag: $entry.tag,
+                arches: [],
+                full: false,
+                light: false,
+                server: false
+              }
+              | .full = (.full or ($entry.full // false))
+              | .light = (.light or ($entry.light // false))
+              | .server = (.server or ($entry.server // false))
+              | .arches += [($entry.platforms | sub("^linux/"; ""))]
+            ))
+            # Backward compatibility: s390x tags are aliases of cpu for the linux/s390x platform.
+            | if (has("cpu") and (((.cpu.arches // []) | index("s390x")) != null)) then
+                . + {
+                  s390x: {
+                    tag: "s390x",
+                    arches: ["s390x"],
+                    full: .cpu.full,
+                    light: .cpu.light,
+                    server: .cpu.server
+                  }
+                }
+              else
+                .
+              end
+            | [.[] | .arches = (.arches | unique | sort | join(" "))]
+          ' build-matrix.json)"
+
+          echo "build_matrix=$BUILD_MATRIX" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "merge_matrix=$MERGE_MATRIX" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+  push_to_registry:
+    name: Push Docker image to Docker Registry
+    needs: [prepare_matrices, create_tag]
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.config.runs_on }}
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config: ${{ fromJSON(needs.prepare_matrices.outputs.build_matrix) }}
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out the repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          ref: ${{ needs.create_tag.outputs.source_tag }}
+
+      - name: Set up QEMU
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.config.platforms, 'linux/amd64') }}
+        uses: docker/setup-qemu-action@ce360397dd3f832beb865e1373c09c0e9f86d70a # v4
+        with:
+          image: tonistiigi/binfmt:qemu-v10.2.1
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4
+
+      - name: Log in to Docker Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Determine image metadata
+        id: meta
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          REPO_OWNER="${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER@L}"  # to lower case
+          REPO_NAME="${{ github.event.repository.name }}"
+          IMAGE_REPO="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER}/${REPO_NAME}"
+          PREFIX="${IMAGE_REPO}:"
+          PLATFORM="${{ matrix.config.platforms }}"
+          ARCH_SUFFIX="${PLATFORM#linux/}"
+
+          # list all tags possible
+          tags="${{ matrix.config.tag }}"
+          for tag in $tags; do
+              if [[ "$tag" == "cpu" ]]; then
+                  TYPE=""
+              else
+                  TYPE="-$tag"
+              fi
+              CACHETAG="${PREFIX}buildcache${TYPE}-${ARCH_SUFFIX}"
+          done
+
+          SAFE_TAGS="$(echo "$tags" | tr ' ' '_')"
+
+          echo "image_repo=$IMAGE_REPO" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "arch_suffix=$ARCH_SUFFIX" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "cache_output_tag=$CACHETAG" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "digest_artifact_suffix=${SAFE_TAGS}-${ARCH_SUFFIX}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+          echo "cache_output_tag=$CACHETAG"  # print out for debugging
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER: '${{ github.repository_owner }}'
+
+      - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
+        if: ${{ matrix.config.free_disk_space == true }}
+        uses: ggml-org/free-disk-space@v1.3.1
+        with:
+          # this might remove tools that are actually needed,
+          # if set to "true" but frees about 6 GB
+          tool-cache: false
+
+          # all of these default to true, but feel free to set to
+          # "false" if necessary for your workflow
+          android: true
+          dotnet: true
+          haskell: true
+          large-packages: true
+          docker-images: true
+          swap-storage: true
+
+      - name: Build and push Full Docker image by digest
+        id: build_full
+        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') && matrix.config.full == true }}
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platforms }}
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ steps.meta.outputs.image_repo }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
+          file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
+          target: full
+          provenance: false
+          build-args: |
+            ${{ matrix.config.ubuntu_version && format('UBUNTU_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.ubuntu_version) || '' }}
+            ${{ matrix.config.cuda_version && format('CUDA_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.cuda_version) || '' }}
+          # using github experimental cache
+          #cache-from: type=gha
+          #cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          # return to this if the experimental github cache is having issues
+          #cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache
+          #cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
+          # using registry cache (no storage limit)
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.meta.outputs.cache_output_tag }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.meta.outputs.cache_output_tag }},mode=max
+
+      - name: Build and push Light Docker image by digest
+        id: build_light
+        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') && matrix.config.light == true }}
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platforms }}
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ steps.meta.outputs.image_repo }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
+          file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
+          target: light
+          provenance: false
+          build-args: |
+            ${{ matrix.config.ubuntu_version && format('UBUNTU_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.ubuntu_version) || '' }}
+            ${{ matrix.config.cuda_version && format('CUDA_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.cuda_version) || '' }}
+          # using github experimental cache
+          #cache-from: type=gha
+          #cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          # return to this if the experimental github cache is having issues
+          #cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache
+          #cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
+          # using registry cache (no storage limit)
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.meta.outputs.cache_output_tag }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.meta.outputs.cache_output_tag }},mode=max
+
+      - name: Build and push Server Docker image by digest
+        id: build_server
+        if: ${{ (github.event_name == 'push' || github.event_name == 'schedule' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch') && matrix.config.server == true }}
+        uses: docker/build-push-action@d08e5c354a6adb9ed34480a06d141179aa583294 # v7
+        with:
+          context: .
+          platforms: ${{ matrix.config.platforms }}
+          outputs: type=image,name=${{ steps.meta.outputs.image_repo }},push-by-digest=true,name-canonical=true,push=true
+          file: ${{ matrix.config.dockerfile }}
+          target: server
+          provenance: false
+          build-args: |
+            ${{ matrix.config.ubuntu_version && format('UBUNTU_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.ubuntu_version) || '' }}
+            ${{ matrix.config.cuda_version && format('CUDA_VERSION={0}', matrix.config.cuda_version) || '' }}
+          # using github experimental cache
+          #cache-from: type=gha
+          #cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
+          # return to this if the experimental github cache is having issues
+          #cache-to: type=local,dest=/tmp/.buildx-cache
+          #cache-from: type=local,src=/tmp/.buildx-cache
+          # using registry cache (no storage limit)
+          cache-from: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.meta.outputs.cache_output_tag }}
+          cache-to: type=registry,ref=${{ steps.meta.outputs.cache_output_tag }},mode=max
+
+      - name: Export digest metadata
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+            set -euo pipefail
+
+            TAGS="${{ matrix.config.tag }}"
+            ARCH_SUFFIX="${{ steps.meta.outputs.arch_suffix }}"
+            DIGEST_FILE="/tmp/digests/${{ steps.meta.outputs.digest_artifact_suffix }}.tsv"
+            mkdir -p /tmp/digests
+
+            add_digest_rows() {
+                local image_type="$1"
+                local digest="$2"
+
+                if [[ -z "$digest" ]]; then
+                  echo "Missing digest for image_type=${image_type}" >&2
+                  exit 1
+                fi
+
+                for tag in $TAGS; do
+                    printf '%s\t%s\t%s\t%s\n' "$tag" "$ARCH_SUFFIX" "$image_type" "$digest" >> "$DIGEST_FILE"
+                done
+            }
+
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.config.full }}" == "true" ]]; then
+                add_digest_rows "full" "${{ steps.build_full.outputs.digest }}"
+            fi
+
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.config.light }}" == "true" ]]; then
+                add_digest_rows "light" "${{ steps.build_light.outputs.digest }}"
+            fi
+
+            if [[ "${{ matrix.config.server }}" == "true" ]]; then
+                add_digest_rows "server" "${{ steps.build_server.outputs.digest }}"
+            fi
+
+      - name: Upload digest metadata
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@bbbca2ddaa5d8feaa63e36b76fdaad77386f024f # v7
+        with:
+          name: digests-${{ steps.meta.outputs.digest_artifact_suffix }}
+          path: /tmp/digests/${{ steps.meta.outputs.digest_artifact_suffix }}.tsv
+          if-no-files-found: error
+
+  merge_arch_tags:
+    name: Create shared tags from digests
+    needs: [prepare_matrices, push_to_registry, create_tag]
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+    strategy:
+      fail-fast: false
+      matrix:
+        config: ${{ fromJSON(needs.prepare_matrices.outputs.merge_matrix) }}
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check out the repo
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Download digest metadata
+        uses: actions/download-artifact@3e5f45b2cfb9172054b4087a40e8e0b5a5461e7c # v8
+        with:
+          pattern: digests-*
+          path: /tmp/digests
+          merge-multiple: true
+
+      - name: Set up Docker Buildx
+        uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@4d04d5d9486b7bd6fa91e7baf45bbb4f8b9deedd # v4
+
+      - name: Log in to Docker Registry
+        uses: docker/login-action@b45d80f862d83dbcd57f89517bcf500b2ab88fb2 # v4
+        with:
+          registry: ghcr.io
+          username: ${{ github.repository_owner }}
+          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+
+      - name: Create tags from digests
+        shell: bash
+        run: |
+          set -euo pipefail
+
+          REPO_OWNER="${GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER@L}"  # to lower case
+          REPO_NAME="${{ github.event.repository.name }}"
+          IMAGE_REPO="ghcr.io/${REPO_OWNER}/${REPO_NAME}"
+          PREFIX="${IMAGE_REPO}:"
+          SRC_TAG="${{ needs.create_tag.outputs.source_tag }}"
+          TAGS="${{ matrix.config.tag }}"
+          ARCHES="${{ matrix.config.arches }}"
+          DIGEST_GLOB="/tmp/digests/*.tsv"
+
+          if ! ls ${DIGEST_GLOB} >/dev/null 2>&1; then
+              echo "No digest metadata found in /tmp/digests" >&2
+              exit 1
+          fi
+
+          if [[ -z "$SRC_TAG" ]]; then
+              echo "Missing source tag from create_tag" >&2
+              exit 1
+          fi
+
+          find_digest() {
+              local tag_name="$1"
+              local arch="$2"
+              local image_type="$3"
+              local digest
+
+              digest="$(awk -F '\t' -v t="$tag_name" -v a="$arch" -v i="$image_type" '$1 == t && $2 == a && $3 == i { print $4; exit }' ${DIGEST_GLOB})"
+
+              # Backward compatibility: s390x tags are aliases of cpu for the linux/s390x platform.
+              if [[ -z "$digest" && "$tag_name" == "s390x" && "$arch" == "s390x" ]]; then
+                digest="$(awk -F '\t' -v t="cpu" -v a="$arch" -v i="$image_type" '$1 == t && $2 == a && $3 == i { print $4; exit }' ${DIGEST_GLOB})"
+              fi
+
+              if [[ -z "$digest" ]]; then
+                echo "Missing digest for tag=${tag_name} arch=${arch} image_type=${image_type}" >&2
+                exit 1
+              fi
+
+              echo "$digest"
+          }
+
+          create_manifest_tags() {
+              local image_type="$1"
+              local tag_name="$2"
+              local suffix="$3"
+
+              local merged_tag="${PREFIX}${image_type}${suffix}"
+              local merged_versioned_tag="${merged_tag}-${SRC_TAG}"
+
+              local refs=()
+
+              for arch in $ARCHES; do
+                  local digest
+                  digest="$(find_digest "$tag_name" "$arch" "$image_type")"
+                  refs+=("${IMAGE_REPO}@${digest}")
+              done
+
+              echo "Creating ${merged_tag} from ${refs[*]}"
+              docker buildx imagetools create --tag "${merged_tag}" "${refs[@]}"
+
+              echo "Creating ${merged_versioned_tag} from ${refs[*]}"
+              docker buildx imagetools create --tag "${merged_versioned_tag}" "${refs[@]}"
+          }
+
+          for tag in $TAGS; do
+              if [[ "$tag" == "cpu" ]]; then
+                  TYPE=""
+              else
+                  TYPE="-$tag"
+              fi
+
+              if [[ "${{ matrix.config.full }}" == "true" ]]; then
+                  create_manifest_tags "full" "$tag" "$TYPE"
+              fi
+
+              if [[ "${{ matrix.config.light }}" == "true" ]]; then
+                  create_manifest_tags "light" "$tag" "$TYPE"
+              fi
+
+              if [[ "${{ matrix.config.server }}" == "true" ]]; then
+                  create_manifest_tags "server" "$tag" "$TYPE"
+              fi
+          done
+        env:
+          GITHUB_REPOSITORY_OWNER: '${{ github.repository_owner }}'

.github/workflows/editorconfig.yml

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ubuntu-slim
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v6
-      - uses: editorconfig-checker/action-editorconfig-checker@v2
+      - uses: editorconfig-checker/action-editorconfig-checker@840e866d93b8e032123c23bac69dece044d4d84c # v2.2.0
         with:
           version: v3.0.3
       - run: editorconfig-checker

.github/workflows/gguf-publish.yml

@@ -28,17 +28,17 @@ jobs:
     - name: Set up Python
       uses: actions/setup-python@v6
       with:
-        python-version: '3.9.x'
+        python-version: '3.11'
     - name: Install dependencies
       run: |
         cd gguf-py
-        python -m pip install poetry
+        python -m pip install poetry==2.3.2
         poetry install
 
     - name: Build package
       run: cd gguf-py && poetry build
     - name: Publish package
-      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@release/v1
+      uses: pypa/gh-action-pypi-publish@ed0c53931b1dc9bd32cbe73a98c7f6766f8a527e # release/v1
       with:
         password: ${{ secrets.PYPI_API_TOKEN }}
         packages-dir: gguf-py/dist

.github/workflows/hip-quality-check.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,82 @@
+name: HIP quality check
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/hip-quality-check.yml',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.cuh',
+      'scripts/hip/gcn-cdna-vgpr-check.py'
+    ]
+
+  pull_request:
+    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/hip-quality-check.yml',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.cuh',
+      'scripts/hip/gcn-cdna-vgpr-check.py'
+    ]
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+env:
+  GGML_NLOOP: 3
+  GGML_N_THREADS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+
+jobs:
+  ubuntu-22-hip-quality-check:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+    container: rocm/dev-ubuntu-22.04:7.2
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential git cmake rocblas-dev hipblas-dev libssl-dev python3
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-22-hip-quality-check
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+          save: ${{ github.event_name == 'push' && github.ref == 'refs/heads/master' }}
+
+      - name: Build with Werror
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build -S . \
+            -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" \
+            -DGPU_TARGETS=gfx908 \
+            -DGGML_HIP=ON \
+            -DGGML_HIP_EXPORT_METRICS=Off \
+            -DCMAKE_HIP_FLAGS="-Werror -Wno-tautological-compare" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+          cd build
+          make -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Check for major VGPR spills
+        id: vgpr_check
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build -S . \
+            -DCMAKE_HIP_COMPILER="$(hipconfig -l)/clang" \
+            -DGPU_TARGETS=gfx908 \
+            -DGGML_HIP=ON \
+            -DGGML_HIP_EXPORT_METRICS=On \
+            -DCMAKE_HIP_FLAGS="" \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
+          cd build
+          make -j $(nproc) 2>&1 | tee metrics.log | grep -v 'Rpass-analysis=kernel-resource-usage\|remark:\|^$'
+          python3 ../scripts/hip/gcn-cdna-vgpr-check.py metrics.log

.github/workflows/python-lint.yml

@@ -4,10 +4,16 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/python-lint.yml', '**/*.py']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/python-lint.yml',
+      '**/*.py'
+    ]
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/python-lint.yml', '**/*.py']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/python-lint.yml',
+      '**/*.py'
+    ]
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -25,6 +31,6 @@ jobs:
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
       - name: flake8 Lint
-        uses: py-actions/flake8@v2
+        uses: py-actions/flake8@84ec6726560b6d5bd68f2a5bed83d62b52bb50ba # v2
         with:
             plugins: "flake8-no-print"

.github/workflows/python-type-check.yml

@@ -4,15 +4,17 @@ on:
   push:
     paths:
       - '.github/workflows/python-type-check.yml'
-      - 'pyrightconfig.json'
+      - 'ty.toml'
       - '**.py'
       - '**/requirements*.txt'
+      # - 'pyrightconfig.json'
   pull_request:
     paths:
       - '.github/workflows/python-type-check.yml'
-      - 'pyrightconfig.json'
+      - 'ty.toml'
       - '**.py'
       - '**/requirements*.txt'
+      # - 'pyrightconfig.json'
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -20,8 +22,8 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   python-type-check:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    name: pyright type-check
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
+    name: python type-check
     steps:
       - name: Check out source repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
@@ -29,10 +31,13 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: "3.11"
-          pip-install: -r requirements/requirements-all.txt
-      - name: Type-check with Pyright
-        uses: jakebailey/pyright-action@v2
-        with:
-          version: 1.1.382
-          level: warning
-          warnings: true
+          pip-install: -r requirements/requirements-all.txt ty==0.0.26
+      # - name: Type-check with Pyright
+      #   uses: jakebailey/pyright-action@v2
+      #   with:
+      #     version: 1.1.382
+      #     level: warning
+      #     warnings: true
+      - name: Type-check with ty
+        run: |
+            ty check --output-format=github

.github/workflows/release.yml

@@ -10,7 +10,22 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/release.yml', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/.cmake', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.cuh', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.metal', '**/*.comp']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/release.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/.cmake',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.cuh',
+      '**/*.swift',
+      '**/*.m',
+      '**/*.metal',
+      '**/*.comp',
+      '**/*.glsl'
+    ]
 
 concurrency:
   group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.head_ref && github.ref || github.run_id }}
@@ -32,9 +47,9 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: macOS-latest-cmake-arm64
+          key: macOS-latest-arm64
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
       - name: Build
@@ -79,9 +94,9 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: macOS-latest-cmake-x64
+          key: macOS-latest-x64
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
       - name: Build
@@ -116,17 +131,16 @@ jobs:
           path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-macos-x64.tar.gz
           name: llama-bin-macos-x64.tar.gz
 
-  ubuntu-22-cpu:
+  ubuntu-cpu:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         include:
           - build: 'x64'
             os: ubuntu-22.04
+          - build: 'arm64'
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
           - build: 's390x'
             os: ubuntu-24.04-s390x
-          # GGML_BACKEND_DL and GGML_CPU_ALL_VARIANTS are not currently supported on arm
-          # - build: 'arm64'
-          #   os: ubuntu-22.04-arm
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
@@ -138,9 +152,10 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        if: ${{ matrix.build != 's390x' }}
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: ubuntu-cpu-cmake-${{ matrix.build }}
+          key: ubuntu-cpu-${{ matrix.build }}
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
       - name: Dependencies
@@ -149,6 +164,13 @@ jobs:
           sudo apt-get update
           sudo apt-get install build-essential libssl-dev
 
+      - name: Toolchain workaround (GCC 14)
+        if: ${{ contains(matrix.os, 'ubuntu-24.04') }}
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get install -y gcc-14 g++-14
+          echo "CC=gcc-14" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          echo "CXX=g++-14" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
         run: |
@@ -178,8 +200,16 @@ jobs:
           path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-${{ matrix.build }}.tar.gz
           name: llama-bin-ubuntu-${{ matrix.build }}.tar.gz
 
-  ubuntu-22-vulkan:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
+  ubuntu-vulkan:
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        include:
+          - build: 'x64'
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+          - build: 'arm64'
+            os: ubuntu-24.04-arm
+
+    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
 
     steps:
       - name: Clone
@@ -189,18 +219,25 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: ubuntu-22-cmake-vulkan
+          key: ubuntu-vulkan-${{ matrix.build }}
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
       - name: Dependencies
         id: depends
         run: |
-          wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | sudo apt-key add -
-          sudo wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list
-          sudo apt-get update -y
-          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-sdk libssl-dev
+          if [[ "${{ matrix.os }}" =~ "ubuntu-22.04" ]]; then
+            wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | sudo apt-key add -
+            sudo wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list
+            sudo apt-get update -y
+            sudo apt-get install -y build-essential mesa-vulkan-drivers vulkan-sdk libssl-dev
+          else
+            sudo apt-get update -y
+            sudo apt-get install -y gcc-14 g++-14 build-essential glslc libvulkan-dev libssl-dev ninja-build
+            echo "CC=gcc-14" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+            echo "CXX=g++-14" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+          fi
 
       - name: Build
         id: cmake_build
@@ -223,13 +260,93 @@ jobs:
         id: pack_artifacts
         run: |
           cp LICENSE ./build/bin/
-          tar -czvf llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-x64.tar.gz --transform "s,./,llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/," -C ./build/bin .
+          tar -czvf llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-${{ matrix.build }}.tar.gz --transform "s,./,llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/," -C ./build/bin .
 
       - name: Upload artifacts
         uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
         with:
-          path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-x64.tar.gz
-          name: llama-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-x64.tar.gz
+          path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-${{ matrix.build }}.tar.gz
+          name: llama-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-${{ matrix.build }}.tar.gz
+
+  ubuntu-24-openvino:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
+
+    outputs:
+      openvino_version: ${{ steps.openvino_version.outputs.value }}
+
+    env:
+      # Sync versions in build.yml, build-self-hosted.yml, release.yml, build-cache.yml, .devops/openvino.Dockerfile
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR: "2026.0"
+      OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL: "2026.0.0.20965.c6d6a13a886"
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Set OpenVINO version output
+        id: openvino_version
+        run: echo "value=${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: ccache
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
+        with:
+          key: ubuntu-24-openvino-release-no-preset-v1
+          evict-old-files: 1d
+
+      - name: Dependencies
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libssl-dev libtbb12 cmake ninja-build python3-pip
+          sudo apt install ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-headers opencl-clhpp-headers intel-opencl-icd
+
+      - name: Use OpenVINO Toolkit Cache
+        uses: actions/cache@v5
+        id: cache-openvino
+        with:
+          path: ./openvino_toolkit
+          key: openvino-toolkit-v${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}-${{ runner.os }}
+
+      - name: Setup OpenVINO Toolkit
+        if: steps.cache-openvino.outputs.cache-hit != 'true'
+        uses: ./.github/actions/linux-setup-openvino
+        with:
+          path: ./openvino_toolkit
+          version_major: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}
+          version_full: ${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_FULL }}
+
+      - name: Install OpenVINO dependencies
+        run: |
+          cd ./openvino_toolkit
+          chmod +x ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
+          echo "Y" | sudo -E ./install_dependencies/install_openvino_dependencies.sh
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          source ./openvino_toolkit/setupvars.sh
+          cmake -B build/ReleaseOV -G Ninja \
+            -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
+            -DGGML_OPENVINO=ON
+          cmake --build build/ReleaseOV --config Release -j $(nproc)
+
+      - name: Determine tag name
+        id: tag
+        uses: ./.github/actions/get-tag-name
+
+      - name: Pack artifacts
+        id: pack_artifacts
+        run: |
+          cp LICENSE ./build/ReleaseOV/bin/
+          tar -czvf llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-openvino-${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}-x64.tar.gz --transform "s,./,llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/," -C ./build/ReleaseOV/bin .
+
+      - name: Upload artifacts
+        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v6
+        with:
+          path: llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-openvino-${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}-x64.tar.gz
+          name: llama-bin-ubuntu-openvino-${{ env.OPENVINO_VERSION_MAJOR }}-x64.tar.gz
 
   windows-cpu:
     runs-on: windows-2025
@@ -247,9 +364,9 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: windows-latest-cmake-cpu-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          key: windows-latest-cpu-${{ matrix.arch }}
           variant: ccache
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
@@ -308,9 +425,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: windows-latest-cmake-${{ matrix.backend }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
+          key: windows-latest-${{ matrix.backend }}-${{ matrix.arch }}
           variant: ccache
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
@@ -378,7 +495,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: Install ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
           key: windows-cuda-${{ matrix.cuda }}
           variant: ccache
@@ -454,9 +571,9 @@ jobs:
         uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: windows-latest-cmake-sycl
+          key: windows-latest-sycl
           variant: ccache
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
@@ -534,9 +651,9 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: ubuntu-rocm-cmake-${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.build }}
+          key: ubuntu-rocm-${{ matrix.ROCM_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.build }}
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
       - name: Dependencies
@@ -644,9 +761,9 @@ jobs:
           key: rocm-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ runner.os }}
 
       - name: ccache
-        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.16
+        uses: ggml-org/ccache-action@v1.2.21
         with:
-          key: windows-latest-cmake-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}-x64
+          key: windows-latest-hip-${{ env.HIPSDK_INSTALLER_VERSION }}-${{ matrix.name }}-x64
           evict-old-files: 1d
 
       - name: Install ROCm
@@ -811,7 +928,7 @@ jobs:
       - name: Set container image
         id: cann-image
         run: |
-          image="ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.chip_type == '910b' &&  '8.3.rc2-910b-openeuler24.03-py3.11' || '8.3.rc2-310p-openeuler24.03-py3.11' }}"
+          image="ascendai/cann:${{ matrix.chip_type == '910b' &&  '8.5.0-910b-openeuler24.03-py3.11' || '8.5.0-310p-openeuler24.03-py3.11' }}"
           echo "image=${image}" >> "${GITHUB_OUTPUT}"
 
       - name: Pull container image
@@ -872,7 +989,7 @@ jobs:
     permissions:
         contents: write # for creating release
 
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-slim
 
     needs:
       - windows
@@ -881,8 +998,9 @@ jobs:
       - windows-sycl
       - windows-hip
       - ubuntu-22-rocm
-      - ubuntu-22-cpu
-      - ubuntu-22-vulkan
+      - ubuntu-cpu
+      - ubuntu-vulkan
+      - ubuntu-24-openvino
       - macOS-arm64
       - macOS-x64
       - ios-xcode-build
@@ -964,9 +1082,12 @@ jobs:
 
             **Linux:**
             - [Ubuntu x64 (CPU)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-x64.tar.gz)
-            - [Ubuntu x64 (Vulkan)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-x64.tar.gz)
-            - [Ubuntu x64 (ROCm 7.2)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-rocm-7.2-x64.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu arm64 (CPU)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-arm64.tar.gz)
             - [Ubuntu s390x (CPU)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-s390x.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu x64 (Vulkan)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-x64.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu arm64 (Vulkan)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-vulkan-arm64.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu x64 (ROCm 7.2)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-rocm-7.2-x64.tar.gz)
+            - [Ubuntu x64 (OpenVINO)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-ubuntu-openvino-${{ needs.ubuntu-24-openvino.outputs.openvino_version }}-x64.tar.gz)
 
             **Windows:**
             - [Windows x64 (CPU)](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases/download/${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}/llama-${{ steps.tag.outputs.name }}-bin-win-cpu-x64.zip)

.github/workflows/server-sanitize.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+name: Server (sanitize)
+
+on:
+  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
+    inputs:
+      sha:
+        description: 'Commit SHA1 to build'
+        required: false
+        type: string
+      slow_tests:
+        description: 'Run slow tests'
+        required: true
+        type: boolean
+  push:
+    branches:
+      - master
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/server-sanitize.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/Makefile',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      'tools/server/**.*'
+    ]
+
+env:
+  LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_PREFIX: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_TIMESTAMPS: 1
+  LLAMA_LOG_VERBOSITY: 10
+
+concurrency:
+  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}-${{ github.head_ref || github.run_id }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+  server:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        sanitizer: [ADDRESS, UNDEFINED] # THREAD is very slow
+        build_type: [RelWithDebInfo]
+      fail-fast: false
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Dependencies
+        id: depends
+        run: |
+          sudo apt-get update
+          sudo apt-get -y install \
+            build-essential \
+            xxd \
+            git \
+            cmake \
+            curl \
+            wget \
+            language-pack-en \
+            libssl-dev
+
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.sha || github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha || github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build \
+            -DLLAMA_BUILD_BORINGSSL=ON \
+            -DGGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC=ON \
+            -DGGML_SANITIZE_ADDRESS=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'ADDRESS' }} \
+            -DGGML_SANITIZE_THREAD=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }} \
+            -DGGML_SANITIZE_UNDEFINED=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'UNDEFINED' }} \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_ADDRESS=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'ADDRESS' }} \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_THREAD=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }} \
+            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_UNDEFINED=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'UNDEFINED' }}
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc) --target llama-server
+
+      - name: Python setup
+        id: setup_python
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v6
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.11'
+          pip-install: -r tools/server/tests/requirements.txt
+
+      - name: Tests
+        id: server_integration_tests
+        if: ${{ (!matrix.disabled_on_pr || !github.event.pull_request) }}
+        run: |
+          cd tools/server/tests
+          export ${{ matrix.extra_args }}
+          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+
+      - name: Slow tests
+        id: server_integration_tests_slow
+        if: ${{ (github.event.schedule || github.event.inputs.slow_tests == 'true') && matrix.build_type == 'Release' }}
+        run: |
+          cd tools/server/tests
+          export ${{ matrix.extra_args }}
+          SLOW_TESTS=1 pytest -v -x

.github/workflows/server-self-hosted.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-name: Server-Metal
+name: Server (self-hosted)
 
 on:
   workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
@@ -14,7 +14,19 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/server-metal.yml', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', 'tools/server/**.*']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/server-self-hosted.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/Makefile',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.swift',
+      '**/*.m',
+      'tools/server/**.*'
+    ]
 
 env:
   LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
@@ -28,7 +40,7 @@ concurrency:
 
 jobs:
   server-metal:
-    runs-on: [self-hosted, macOS, ARM64]
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, llama-server, macOS, ARM64]
 
     name: server-metal (${{ matrix.wf_name }})
     strategy:
@@ -71,3 +83,42 @@ jobs:
           pip install -r requirements.txt
           export ${{ matrix.extra_args }}
           pytest -v -x -m "not slow"
+
+  server-cuda:
+    runs-on: [self-hosted, llama-server, Linux, NVIDIA]
+
+    name: server-cuda (${{ matrix.wf_name }})
+    strategy:
+      matrix:
+        build_type: [Release]
+        wf_name: ["GPUx1"]
+        include:
+          - build_type: Release
+            extra_args: "LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1"
+            wf_name:    "GPUx1, backend-sampling"
+      fail-fast: false
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Clone
+        id: checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v6
+        with:
+          fetch-depth: 0
+          ref: ${{ github.event.inputs.sha || github.event.pull_request.head.sha || github.sha || github.head_ref || github.ref_name }}
+
+      - name: Build
+        id: cmake_build
+        run: |
+          cmake -B build -DGGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC=ON
+          cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(sysctl -n hw.logicalcpu) --target llama-server
+
+      - name: Tests
+        id: server_integration_tests
+        if: ${{ (!matrix.disabled_on_pr || !github.event.pull_request) }}
+        run: |
+          cd tools/server/tests
+          python3 -m venv venv
+          source venv/bin/activate
+          pip install -r requirements.txt
+          export ${{ matrix.extra_args }}
+          pytest -v -x -m "not slow"

.github/workflows/server-webui.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# Server WebUI build and tests
 name: Server WebUI
 
 on:
@@ -11,10 +10,20 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/server-webui.yml', 'tools/server/webui/**.*', 'tools/server/tests/**.*', 'tools/server/public/**']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/server-webui.yml',
+      'tools/server/webui/**.*',
+      'tools/server/tests/**.*',
+      'tools/server/public/**'
+    ]
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/server-webui.yml', 'tools/server/webui/**.*', 'tools/server/tests/**.*', 'tools/server/public/**']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/server-webui.yml',
+      'tools/server/webui/**.*',
+      'tools/server/tests/**.*',
+      'tools/server/public/**'
+    ]
 
 env:
   LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
@@ -29,7 +38,7 @@ concurrency:
 jobs:
   webui-check:
     name: WebUI Checks
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ${{ 'ubuntu-24.04-arm' || 'ubuntu-24.04' }}
     continue-on-error: true
     steps:
       - name: Checkout code

.github/workflows/server.yml

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# Server build and tests
 name: Server
 
 on:
@@ -15,10 +14,34 @@ on:
   push:
     branches:
       - master
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/server.yml', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', 'tools/server/**.*']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/server.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/Makefile',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.swift',
+      '**/*.m',
+      'tools/server/**.*'
+    ]
   pull_request:
     types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
-    paths: ['.github/workflows/server.yml', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', 'tools/server/**.*']
+    paths: [
+      '.github/workflows/server.yml',
+      '**/CMakeLists.txt',
+      '**/Makefile',
+      '**/*.h',
+      '**/*.hpp',
+      '**/*.c',
+      '**/*.cpp',
+      '**/*.cu',
+      '**/*.swift',
+      '**/*.m',
+      'tools/server/**.*'
+    ]
 
 env:
   LLAMA_LOG_COLORS: 1
@@ -34,17 +57,18 @@ jobs:
   server:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
+    name: server (${{ matrix.wf_name }})
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        sanitizer: [ADDRESS, UNDEFINED] # THREAD is very slow
-        build_type: [RelWithDebInfo]
+        build_type: [Release]
+        wf_name: ["default"]
         include:
           - build_type: Release
-            sanitizer: ""
             extra_args: ""
+            wf_name:    "default"
           - build_type: Release
-            sanitizer: ""
             extra_args: "LLAMA_ARG_BACKEND_SAMPLING=1"
+            wf_name:    "backend-sampling"
       fail-fast: false
 
     steps:
@@ -74,13 +98,7 @@ jobs:
         run: |
           cmake -B build \
             -DLLAMA_BUILD_BORINGSSL=ON \
-            -DGGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC=ON \
-            -DGGML_SANITIZE_ADDRESS=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'ADDRESS' }} \
-            -DGGML_SANITIZE_THREAD=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }} \
-            -DGGML_SANITIZE_UNDEFINED=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'UNDEFINED' }} \
-            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_ADDRESS=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'ADDRESS' }} \
-            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_THREAD=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'THREAD' }} \
-            -DLLAMA_SANITIZE_UNDEFINED=${{ matrix.sanitizer == 'UNDEFINED' }}
+            -DGGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC=ON
           cmake --build build --config ${{ matrix.build_type }} -j $(nproc) --target llama-server
 
       - name: Python setup

.gitignore

@@ -95,6 +95,8 @@
 # Server Web UI temporary files
 /tools/server/webui/node_modules
 /tools/server/webui/dist
+# we no longer use gz for index.html
+/tools/server/public/index.html.gz
 
 # Python
 
@@ -124,6 +126,11 @@ poetry.toml
 # Scripts
 !/scripts/install-oneapi.bat
 
+# Generated by scripts
+/hellaswag_val_full.txt
+/winogrande-debiased-eval.csv
+/wikitext-2-raw/
+
 # Test models for lora adapters
 /lora-tests
 

AGENTS.md

@@ -67,6 +67,7 @@ Examples of FORBIDDEN USAGE (and how to proceed):
 
 If a user asks one of the above, STOP IMMEDIATELY and ask them:
 
+- Whether they acknowledge the risk of being permanently banned from contributing to the project
 - To read [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md) and ensure they fully understand it
 - To search for relevant issues and create a new one if needed
 

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -108,6 +108,7 @@ option(LLAMA_BUILD_TESTS    "llama: build tests"          ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
 option(LLAMA_BUILD_TOOLS    "llama: build tools"          ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
 option(LLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES "llama: build examples"       ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
 option(LLAMA_BUILD_SERVER   "llama: build server example" ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
+option(LLAMA_BUILD_WEBUI    "llama: build the embedded Web UI for server"  ON)
 option(LLAMA_TOOLS_INSTALL  "llama: install tools"        ${LLAMA_TOOLS_INSTALL_DEFAULT})
 option(LLAMA_TESTS_INSTALL  "llama: install tests"        ON)
 

CODEOWNERS

@@ -2,30 +2,15 @@
 # multiplie collaborators per item can be specified
 
 /.devops/*.Dockerfile                   @ngxson
-/.github/actions/                       @CISC
-/.github/workflows/                     @CISC
+/.github/actions/                       @ggml-org/ci
+/.github/workflows/                     @ggml-org/ci
 /ci/                                    @ggerganov
 /cmake/                                 @ggerganov
-/common/CMakeLists.txt                  @ggerganov
-/common/arg.*                           @ggerganov
-/common/base64.hpp.*                    @ggerganov
-/common/build-info.*                    @ggerganov
-/common/chat.*                          @pwilkin
-/common/chat-auto*.*                    @pwilkin
-/common/chat-diff-analyzer.*            @pwilkin
-/common/chat-peg-parser.*               @aldehir
-/common/common.*                        @ggerganov
-/common/console.*                       @ggerganov
-/common/http.*                          @angt
-/common/jinja/                          @ngxson @CISC @aldehir
-/common/llguidance.*                    @ggerganov
-/common/log.*                           @ggerganov
+/common/                                @ggml-org/llama-common
+/common/jinja/                          @CISC
 /common/ngram-map.*                     @srogmann
-/common/peg-parser.*                    @aldehir
-/common/sampling.*                      @ggerganov
-/common/speculative.*                   @ggerganov
-/common/unicode.*                       @aldehir
 /convert_*.py                           @CISC
+/docs/backend/snapdragon/               @ggml-org/ggml-hexagon
 /examples/batched.swift/                @ggerganov
 /examples/batched/                      @ggerganov
 /examples/convert-llama2c-to-ggml/      @ggerganov
@@ -51,29 +36,28 @@
 /examples/speculative/                  @ggerganov
 /ggml/cmake/                            @ggerganov
 /ggml/include/                          @ggerganov
+/ggml/src/ggml-cann/                    @ggml-org/ggml-cann
 /ggml/src/ggml-common.h                 @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/ggml-cpu/                     @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/ggml-cpu/spacemit/            @alex-spacemit
-/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn*              @JohannesGaessler
-/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmf.*               @JohannesGaessler @am17an
-/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmq.*               @JohannesGaessler
-/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvf.*              @JohannesGaessler
-/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/mmvq.*              @JohannesGaessler
+/ggml/src/ggml-cuda/                    @ggml-org/ggml-cuda
 /ggml/src/ggml-cuda/fattn-wmma*         @IMbackK
 /ggml/src/ggml-hip/                     @IMbackK
 /ggml/src/ggml-cuda/vendors/hip.h       @IMbackK
 /ggml/src/ggml-impl.h                   @ggerganov
-/ggml/src/ggml-metal/                   @ggerganov
-/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/                  @lhez @max-krasnyansky
-/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/                 @max-krasnyansky @lhez
+/ggml/src/ggml-metal/                   @ggml-org/ggml-metal
+/ggml/src/ggml-opencl/                  @ggml-org/ggml-opencl
+/ggml/src/ggml-hexagon/                 @ggml-org/ggml-hexagon
 /ggml/src/ggml-opt.cpp                  @JohannesGaessler
 /ggml/src/ggml-quants.*                 @ggerganov
-/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/                     @rgerganov
+/ggml/src/ggml-rpc/                     @ggml-org/ggml-rpc
+/ggml/src/ggml-sycl/                    @ggml-org/ggml-sycl
 /ggml/src/ggml-threading.*              @ggerganov
-/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/                  @0cc4m
+/ggml/src/ggml-vulkan/                  @ggml-org/ggml-vulkan
 /ggml/src/ggml-virtgpu/                 @kpouget
-/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/                  @reeselevine
-/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/                    @taronaeo @Andreas-Krebbel @AlekseiNikiforovIBM
+/ggml/src/ggml-webgpu/                  @ggml-org/ggml-webgpu
+/ggml/src/ggml-zdnn/                    @ggml-org/ggml-zdnn @Andreas-Krebbel @AlekseiNikiforovIBM
+/ggml/src/ggml-openvino/                @cavusmustafa @wine99
 /ggml/src/ggml.c                        @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/ggml.cpp                      @ggerganov
 /ggml/src/gguf.cpp                      @JohannesGaessler @Green-Sky
@@ -82,6 +66,7 @@
 /scripts/gen*                           @ggerganov
 /scripts/get*                           @ggerganov
 /scripts/sync*                          @ggerganov
+/scripts/snapdragon/                    @ggml-org/ggml-hexagon
 /src/                                   @ggerganov
 /src/llama-adapter.*                    @CISC
 /src/llama-arch.*                       @CISC
@@ -92,16 +77,18 @@
 /src/models/                            @CISC
 /tests/                                 @ggerganov
 /tests/test-chat.*                      @pwilkin
+/tests/test-llama-archs.cpp             @JohannesGaessler
 /tools/batched-bench/                   @ggerganov
 /tools/cli/                             @ngxson
 /tools/completion/                      @ggerganov
-/tools/mtmd/                            @ngxson
+/tools/mtmd/                            @ggml-org/llama-mtmd
 /tools/perplexity/                      @ggerganov
 /tools/parser/                          @pwilkin
 /tools/quantize/                        @ggerganov
-/tools/rpc/                             @rgerganov
-/tools/server/*                         @ngxson @ggerganov # no subdir
-/tools/server/webui/                    @allozaur
+/tools/rpc/                             @ggml-org/ggml-rpc
+/tools/server/*                         @ggml-org/llama-server # no subdir
+/tools/server/tests/                    @ggml-org/llama-server
+/tools/server/webui/                    @ggml-org/llama-webui
 /tools/tokenize/                        @ggerganov
 /tools/tts/                             @ggerganov
 /vendor/                                @ggerganov

CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@ The project differentiates between 3 levels of contributors:
 > [!IMPORTANT]
 > This project does **not** accept pull requests that are fully or predominantly AI-generated. AI tools may be utilized solely in an assistive capacity.
 >
+> Repeated violations of this policy may result in your account being permanently banned from contributing to the project.
+>
 > Detailed information regarding permissible and restricted uses of AI can be found in the [AGENTS.md](AGENTS.md) file.
 
 Code that is initially generated by AI and subsequently edited will still be considered AI-generated. AI assistance is permissible only when the majority of the code is authored by a human contributor, with AI employed exclusively for corrections or to expand on verbose modifications that the contributor has already conceptualized (e.g., generating repeated lines with minor variations).
@@ -30,14 +32,19 @@ Before submitting your PR:
 - Search for existing PRs to prevent duplicating efforts
 - llama.cpp uses the ggml tensor library for model evaluation. If you are unfamiliar with ggml, consider taking a look at the [examples in the ggml repository](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml/tree/master/examples/). [simple](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml/tree/master/examples/simple) shows the bare minimum for using ggml. [gpt-2](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml/tree/master/examples/gpt-2) has minimal implementations for language model inference using GPT-2. [mnist](https://github.com/ggml-org/ggml/tree/master/examples/mnist) demonstrates how to train and evaluate a simple image classifier
 - Test your changes:
-    - Execute [the full CI locally on your machine](ci/README.md) before publishing
-    - Verify that the perplexity and the performance are not affected negatively by your changes (use `llama-perplexity` and `llama-bench`)
-    - If you modified the `ggml` source, run the `test-backend-ops` tool to check whether different backend implementations of the `ggml` operators produce consistent results (this requires access to at least two different `ggml` backends)
-    - If you modified a `ggml` operator or added a new one, add the corresponding test cases to `test-backend-ops`
+  - Execute [the full CI locally on your machine](ci/README.md) before publishing
+  - Verify that the perplexity and the performance are not affected negatively by your changes (use `llama-perplexity` and `llama-bench`)
+  - If you modified the `ggml` source, run the `test-backend-ops` tool to check whether different backend implementations of the `ggml` operators produce consistent results (this requires access to at least two different `ggml` backends)
+  - If you modified a `ggml` operator or added a new one, add the corresponding test cases to `test-backend-ops`
 - Create separate PRs for each feature or fix:
-    - Avoid combining unrelated changes in a single PR
-    - For intricate features, consider opening a feature request first to discuss and align expectations
-    - When adding support for a new model or feature, focus on **CPU support only** in the initial PR unless you have a good reason not to. Add support for other backends like CUDA in follow-up PRs
+  - Avoid combining unrelated changes in a single PR
+  - For intricate features, consider opening a feature request first to discuss and align expectations
+  - When adding support for a new model or feature, focus on **CPU support only** in the initial PR unless you have a good reason not to. Add support for other backends like CUDA in follow-up PRs
+  - In particular, adding new data types (extension of the `ggml_type` enum) carries with it a disproportionate maintenance burden. As such, to add a new quantization type you will need to meet the following *additional* criteria *at minimum*:
+    - convert a small model to GGUF using the new type and upload it to HuggingFace
+    - provide [perplexity](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/tree/master/tools/perplexity) comparisons to FP16/BF16 (whichever is the native precision) as well as to types of similar size
+    - provide KL divergence data calculated vs. the FP16/BF16 (whichever is the native precision) version for both the new type as well as types of similar size
+    - provide [performance data](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/tree/master/tools/llama-bench) for the new type in comparison to types of similar size on pure CPU
 - Consider allowing write access to your branch for faster reviews, as reviewers can push commits directly
 - If you are a new contributor, limit your open PRs to 1.
 
@@ -56,10 +63,10 @@ After submitting your PR:
 - When merging a PR, make sure you have a good understanding of the changes
 - Be mindful of maintenance: most of the work going into a feature happens after the PR is merged. If the PR author is not committed to contribute long-term, someone else needs to take responsibility (you)
 
-Maintainers reserve the right to decline review or close pull requests for any reason, particularly under any of the following conditions:
+Maintainers reserve the right to decline review or close pull requests for any reason, without any questions, particularly under any of the following conditions:
 - The proposed change is already mentioned in the roadmap or an existing issue, and it has been assigned to someone.
 - The pull request duplicates an existing one.
-- The contributor fails to adhere to this contributing guide.
+- The contributor fails to adhere to this contributing guide or the AI policy.
 
 # Coding guidelines
 
@@ -173,6 +180,8 @@ Maintainers reserve the right to decline review or close pull requests for any r
 - New code should follow the guidelines (coding, naming, etc.) outlined in this document. Exceptions are allowed in isolated, backend-specific parts of the code that do not interface directly with the `ggml` interfaces.
   _(NOTE: for legacy reasons, existing code is not required to follow this guideline)_
 
+- For changes in server, please make sure to refer to the [server development documentation](./tools/server/README-dev.md)
+
 # Documentation
 
 - Documentation is a community effort

README.md

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ LLM inference in C/C++
 
 ## Hot topics
 
+- **Hugging Face cache migration: models downloaded with `-hf` are now stored in the standard Hugging Face cache directory, enabling sharing with other HF tools.**
 - **[guide : using the new WebUI of llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/16938)**
 - [guide : running gpt-oss with llama.cpp](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15396)
 - [[FEEDBACK] Better packaging for llama.cpp to support downstream consumers 🤗](https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/discussions/15313)
@@ -241,7 +242,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 <details>
 <summary>Tools</summary>
 
-- [akx/ggify](https://github.com/akx/ggify) – download PyTorch models from HuggingFace Hub and convert them to GGML
+- [akx/ggify](https://github.com/akx/ggify) – download PyTorch models from Hugging Face Hub and convert them to GGML
 - [akx/ollama-dl](https://github.com/akx/ollama-dl) – download models from the Ollama library to be used directly with llama.cpp
 - [crashr/gppm](https://github.com/crashr/gppm) – launch llama.cpp instances utilizing NVIDIA Tesla P40 or P100 GPUs with reduced idle power consumption
 - [gpustack/gguf-parser](https://github.com/gpustack/gguf-parser-go/tree/main/cmd/gguf-parser) - review/check the GGUF file and estimate the memory usage
@@ -279,6 +280,7 @@ Instructions for adding support for new models: [HOWTO-add-model.md](docs/develo
 | [BLAS](docs/build.md#blas-build) | All |
 | [BLIS](docs/backend/BLIS.md) | All |
 | [SYCL](docs/backend/SYCL.md) | Intel and Nvidia GPU |
+| [OpenVINO [In Progress]](docs/backend/OPENVINO.md) | Intel CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs |
 | [MUSA](docs/build.md#musa) | Moore Threads GPU |
 | [CUDA](docs/build.md#cuda) | Nvidia GPU |
 | [HIP](docs/build.md#hip) | AMD GPU |
@@ -299,13 +301,13 @@ The [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co) platform hosts a [number of LLMs](htt
 - [Trending](https://huggingface.co/models?library=gguf&sort=trending)
 - [LLaMA](https://huggingface.co/models?sort=trending&search=llama+gguf)
 
-You can either manually download the GGUF file or directly use any `llama.cpp`-compatible models from [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/) or other model hosting sites, such as [ModelScope](https://modelscope.cn/), by using this CLI argument: `-hf <user>/<model>[:quant]`. For example:
+You can either manually download the GGUF file or directly use any `llama.cpp`-compatible models from [Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/) or other model hosting sites, by using this CLI argument: `-hf <user>/<model>[:quant]`. For example:
 
 ```sh
 llama-cli -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-1b-it-GGUF
 ```
 
-By default, the CLI would download from Hugging Face, you can switch to other options with the environment variable `MODEL_ENDPOINT`. For example, you may opt to downloading model checkpoints from ModelScope or other model sharing communities by setting the environment variable, e.g. `MODEL_ENDPOINT=https://www.modelscope.cn/`.
+By default, the CLI would download from Hugging Face, you can switch to other options with the environment variable `MODEL_ENDPOINT`. The `MODEL_ENDPOINT` must point to a Hugging Face compatible API endpoint.
 
 After downloading a model, use the CLI tools to run it locally - see below.
 

benches/nemotron/nemotron-dgx-spark.md

@@ -0,0 +1,117 @@
+# NVIDIA DGX Spark
+
+## System info
+
+```bash
+uname --all
+Linux spark-17ed 6.11.0-1016-nvidia #16-Ubuntu SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Sun Sep 21 16:52:46 UTC 2025 aarch64 aarch64 aarch64 GNU/Linux
+
+g++ --version
+g++ (Ubuntu 13.3.0-6ubuntu2~24.04) 13.3.0
+
+nvidia-smi
+Fri Mar  6 11:39:45 2026
++-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
+| NVIDIA-SMI 580.95.05              Driver Version: 580.95.05      CUDA Version: 13.0     |
++-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+| GPU  Name                 Persistence-M | Bus-Id          Disp.A | Volatile Uncorr. ECC |
+| Fan  Temp   Perf          Pwr:Usage/Cap |           Memory-Usage | GPU-Util  Compute M. |
+|                                         |                        |               MIG M. |
+|=========================================+========================+======================|
+|   0  NVIDIA GB10                    On  |   0000000F:01:00.0 Off |                  N/A |
+| N/A   52C    P0             13W /  N/A  | Not Supported          |      0%      Default |
+|                                         |                        |                  N/A |
++-----------------------------------------+------------------------+----------------------+
+```
+
+## ggml-org/Nemotron-3-Super-120B-GGUF
+
+Model: https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/Nemotron-3-Super-120B-GGUF
+
+- `llama-batched-bench`
+
+main: n_kv_max = 303104, n_batch = 2048, n_ubatch = 2048, flash_attn = 1, is_pp_shared = 0, is_tg_separate = 0, n_gpu_layers = 99, n_threads = 20, n_threads_batch = 20
+
+|    PP |     TG |    B |   N_KV |   T_PP s | S_PP t/s |   T_TG s | S_TG t/s |      T s |    S t/s |
+|-------|--------|------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+|   512 |     32 |    1 |    544 |    1.094 |   468.05 |    1.621 |    19.74 |    2.715 |   200.37 |
+|   512 |     32 |    2 |   1088 |    1.463 |   700.16 |    2.437 |    26.26 |    3.900 |   279.01 |
+|   512 |     32 |    4 |   2176 |    2.647 |   773.76 |    4.043 |    31.66 |    6.689 |   325.29 |
+|   512 |     32 |    8 |   4352 |    5.291 |   774.14 |    6.151 |    41.62 |   11.442 |   380.37 |
+|   512 |     32 |   16 |   8704 |   10.603 |   772.62 |   10.385 |    49.30 |   20.987 |   414.72 |
+|   512 |     32 |   32 |  17408 |   21.231 |   771.69 |   18.235 |    56.16 |   39.466 |   441.09 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    1 |   4128 |    5.340 |   767.05 |    1.616 |    19.81 |    6.956 |   593.47 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    2 |   8256 |   10.673 |   767.55 |    2.454 |    26.08 |   13.127 |   628.94 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    4 |  16512 |   21.348 |   767.46 |    4.072 |    31.44 |   25.420 |   649.57 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    8 |  33024 |   42.714 |   767.15 |    6.277 |    40.78 |   48.991 |   674.08 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   16 |  66048 |   85.385 |   767.54 |   10.596 |    48.32 |   95.981 |   688.14 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   32 | 132096 |  170.819 |   767.32 |   18.619 |    55.00 |  189.437 |   697.31 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    1 |   8224 |   10.690 |   766.32 |    1.619 |    19.76 |   12.310 |   668.10 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    2 |  16448 |   21.382 |   766.24 |    2.467 |    25.94 |   23.850 |   689.65 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    4 |  32896 |   42.782 |   765.92 |    4.098 |    31.23 |   46.881 |   701.69 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    8 |  65792 |   85.582 |   765.77 |    6.368 |    40.20 |   91.951 |   715.52 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   16 | 131584 |  171.066 |   766.21 |   10.774 |    47.52 |  181.840 |   723.62 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   32 | 263168 |  342.140 |   766.19 |   18.969 |    53.98 |  361.109 |   728.78 |
+
+- `llama-bench`
+
+| model                   |       size |     params | backend    | n_ubatch | fa |            test |                  t/s |
+| ----------------------- | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | -------: | -: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |          pp2048 |        768.84 ± 0.90 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |            tg32 |         19.94 ± 0.16 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |  pp2048 @ d4096 |        764.51 ± 0.50 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |    tg32 @ d4096 |         19.95 ± 0.18 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |  pp2048 @ d8192 |        759.53 ± 0.71 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |    tg32 @ d8192 |         19.83 ± 0.18 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 | pp2048 @ d16384 |        747.98 ± 1.58 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |   tg32 @ d16384 |         19.84 ± 0.18 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 | pp2048 @ d32768 |        724.40 ± 2.70 |
+| nemotron 120B.A12B Q4_K |  65.10 GiB |   120.67 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |   tg32 @ d32768 |         19.45 ± 0.18 |
+
+build: 04a65daab (8268)
+
+## ggml-org/Nemotron-3-Nano-4B-GGUF
+
+Model: https://huggingface.co/ggml-org/Nemotron-3-Nano-4B-GGUF
+
+- `llama-batched-bench`
+
+main: n_kv_max = 303104, n_batch = 2048, n_ubatch = 2048, flash_attn = 1, is_pp_shared = 0, is_tg_separate = 0, n_gpu_layers = 99, n_threads = 20, n_threads_batch = 20
+
+|    PP |     TG |    B |   N_KV |   T_PP s | S_PP t/s |   T_TG s | S_TG t/s |      T s |    S t/s |
+|-------|--------|------|--------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|----------|
+|   512 |     32 |    1 |    544 |    0.152 |  3371.61 |    0.597 |    53.64 |    0.748 |   726.90 |
+|   512 |     32 |    2 |   1088 |    0.319 |  3208.68 |    0.857 |    74.66 |    1.176 |   924.89 |
+|   512 |     32 |    4 |   2176 |    0.720 |  2843.56 |    1.323 |    96.78 |    2.043 |  1065.18 |
+|   512 |     32 |    8 |   4352 |    1.428 |  2867.96 |    2.311 |   110.76 |    3.739 |  1163.82 |
+|   512 |     32 |   16 |   8704 |    2.857 |  2866.94 |    4.203 |   121.82 |    7.060 |  1232.82 |
+|   512 |     32 |   32 |  17408 |    5.709 |  2869.76 |    7.964 |   128.58 |   13.673 |  1273.14 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    1 |   4128 |    1.458 |  2809.76 |    0.605 |    52.92 |    2.062 |  2001.52 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    2 |   8256 |    2.905 |  2819.95 |    0.875 |    73.12 |    3.780 |  2183.95 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    4 |  16512 |    5.790 |  2829.74 |    1.361 |    94.07 |    7.151 |  2309.17 |
+|  4096 |     32 |    8 |  33024 |   11.598 |  2825.32 |    2.378 |   107.65 |   13.976 |  2362.89 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   16 |  66048 |   23.208 |  2823.88 |    4.348 |   117.76 |   27.556 |  2396.89 |
+|  4096 |     32 |   32 | 132096 |   46.515 |  2817.85 |    8.279 |   123.69 |   54.794 |  2410.79 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    1 |   8224 |    2.950 |  2776.95 |    0.617 |    51.89 |    3.567 |  2305.75 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    2 |  16448 |    5.921 |  2767.32 |    0.896 |    71.45 |    6.816 |  2413.05 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    4 |  32896 |   11.842 |  2767.21 |    1.401 |    91.34 |   13.243 |  2484.03 |
+|  8192 |     32 |    8 |  65792 |   23.726 |  2762.17 |    2.461 |   104.03 |   26.187 |  2512.38 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   16 | 131584 |   47.777 |  2743.43 |    4.577 |   111.86 |   52.354 |  2513.36 |
+|  8192 |     32 |   32 | 263168 |   96.691 |  2711.16 |    8.772 |   116.73 |  105.463 |  2495.36 |
+
+- `llama-bench`
+
+| model                   |       size |     params | backend    | n_ubatch | fa |            test |                  t/s |
+| ----------------------- | ---------: | ---------: | ---------- | -------: | -: | --------------: | -------------------: |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |          pp2048 |      2761.90 ± 19.31 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |            tg32 |         52.85 ± 0.12 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |  pp2048 @ d4096 |      2687.07 ± 21.84 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |    tg32 @ d4096 |         52.32 ± 0.23 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |  pp2048 @ d8192 |      2564.52 ± 57.69 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |    tg32 @ d8192 |         51.27 ± 0.34 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 | pp2048 @ d16384 |      2334.02 ± 37.83 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |   tg32 @ d16384 |         49.71 ± 0.14 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 | pp2048 @ d32768 |      2041.46 ± 40.45 |
+| nemotron 4B Q8_0        |   3.94 GiB |     3.97 B | CUDA       |     2048 |  1 |   tg32 @ d32768 |         46.71 ± 0.13 |
+
+build: 1bbec6a75 (8382)

ci/run.sh

@@ -25,6 +25,15 @@
 # # with KLEIDIAI support
 # GG_BUILD_KLEIDIAI=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
 #
+# # with BLAS support
+# GG_BUILD_BLAS=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+#
+# with BLAS support (custom vendor)
+# GG_BUILD_BLAS=1 GG_BUILD_BLAS_VENDOR=Intel10_64lp bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+#
+# with OPENVINO support
+# GG_BUILD_OPENVINO=1 GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF=1 GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=CPU bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
+#
 
 if [ -z "$2" ]; then
     echo "usage: $0 <output-dir> <mnt-dir>"
@@ -46,6 +55,14 @@ cd $sd/../
 SRC=`pwd`
 
 CMAKE_EXTRA="-DLLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS=${LLAMA_FATAL_WARNINGS:-ON} -DLLAMA_OPENSSL=OFF -DGGML_SCHED_NO_REALLOC=ON"
+CTEST_EXTRA=""
+
+# Default to use make unless specified for compatibility
+CMAKE_GENERATOR="Unix Makefiles"
+
+if [ ! -z "${GG_BUILD_NINJA}" ]; then
+    CMAKE_GENERATOR="Ninja"
+fi
 
 if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_METAL} ]; then
     CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_METAL=ON"
@@ -165,6 +182,22 @@ if [ -n "${GG_BUILD_KLEIDIAI}" ]; then
         -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=OFF"
 fi
 
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_BLAS} ]; then
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_BLAS=ON -DGGML_BLAS_VENDOR=${GG_BUILD_BLAS_VENDOR:-OpenBLAS}"
+fi
+
+if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_OPENVINO} ]; then
+    if [ -z ${OpenVINO_DIR} ]; then
+        echo "OpenVINO_DIR not found, please install OpenVINO via archives and enable it by:"
+        echo "source /opt/intel/openvino/setupvars.sh"
+        exit 1
+    fi
+    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DGGML_OPENVINO=ON"
+
+    # TODO: fix and re-enable the `test-llama-archs` test below
+    CTEST_EXTRA="-E test-llama-archs"
+fi
+
 ## helpers
 
 # download a file if it does not exist or if it is outdated
@@ -216,13 +249,13 @@ function gg_run_ctest_debug {
 
     set -e
 
-    # Check cmake, make and ctest are installed
+    # Check cmake and ctest are installed
     gg_check_build_requirements
 
-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j$(nproc)                                  ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
+    (cmake -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
+    (time cmake --build . --config Debug -j$(nproc)) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
 
-    (time ctest --output-on-failure -L main -E "test-opt|test-backend-ops" ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+    (time ctest -C Debug --output-on-failure -L main -E "test-opt|test-backend-ops" ${CTEST_EXTRA}) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
 
     set +e
 }
@@ -247,16 +280,16 @@ function gg_run_ctest_release {
 
     set -e
 
-    # Check cmake, make and ctest are installed
+    # Check cmake and ctest are installed
     gg_check_build_requirements
 
-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j$(nproc)                                    ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
+    (cmake -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
+    (time cmake --build . --config Release -j$(nproc)) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
 
     if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF} ]; then
-        (time ctest --output-on-failure -L 'main|python' ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+        (time ctest -C Release --output-on-failure -L 'main|python' ${CTEST_EXTRA}) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
     else
-        (time ctest --output-on-failure -L main -E test-opt ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+        (time ctest -C Release --output-on-failure -L main -E test-opt ${CTEST_EXTRA}) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
     fi
 
     set +e
@@ -314,7 +347,7 @@ function gg_run_ctest_with_model_debug {
     cd build-ci-debug
     set -e
 
-    (LLAMACPP_TEST_MODELFILE="$model" time ctest --output-on-failure -L model) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+    (LLAMACPP_TEST_MODELFILE="$model" time ctest -C Debug --output-on-failure -L model) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
 
     set +e
     cd ..
@@ -327,7 +360,7 @@ function gg_run_ctest_with_model_release {
     cd build-ci-release
     set -e
 
-    (LLAMACPP_TEST_MODELFILE="$model" time ctest --output-on-failure -L model) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+    (LLAMACPP_TEST_MODELFILE="$model" time ctest -C Release --output-on-failure -L model) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
 
     # test memory leaks
     #if [[ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_METAL} ]]; then
@@ -381,8 +414,8 @@ function gg_run_qwen3_0_6b {
 
     set -e
 
-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j$(nproc)                                    ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
+    (cmake -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
+    (time cmake --build . --config Release -j$(nproc)) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
 
     python3 ../convert_hf_to_gguf.py ${path_models} --outfile ${path_models}/ggml-model-f16.gguf  --outtype f16
     python3 ../convert_hf_to_gguf.py ${path_models} --outfile ${path_models}/ggml-model-bf16.gguf --outtype bf16
@@ -530,8 +563,8 @@ function gg_run_embd_bge_small {
 
     set -e
 
-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j$(nproc)                                    ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
+    (cmake -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
+    (time cmake --build . --config Release -j$(nproc)) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
 
     python3 ../convert_hf_to_gguf.py ${path_models} --outfile ${path_models}/ggml-model-f16.gguf
 
@@ -575,8 +608,8 @@ function gg_run_rerank_tiny {
 
     set -e
 
-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j$(nproc)                                    ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
+    (cmake -G "${CMAKE_GENERATOR}" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
+    (time cmake --build . --config Release -j$(nproc)) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
 
     python3 ../convert_hf_to_gguf.py ${path_models} --outfile ${path_models}/ggml-model-f16.gguf
 
@@ -626,10 +659,6 @@ function gg_check_build_requirements {
         gg_printf 'cmake not found, please install'
     fi
 
-    if ! command -v make &> /dev/null; then
-        gg_printf 'make not found, please install'
-    fi
-
     if ! command -v ctest &> /dev/null; then
         gg_printf 'ctest not found, please install'
     fi

common/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -63,6 +63,8 @@ add_library(${TARGET} STATIC
     debug.h
     download.cpp
     download.h
+    hf-cache.cpp
+    hf-cache.h
     http.h
     json-partial.cpp
     json-partial.h
@@ -81,6 +83,8 @@ add_library(${TARGET} STATIC
     preset.cpp
     preset.h
     regex-partial.cpp
+    reasoning-budget.cpp
+    reasoning-budget.h
     regex-partial.h
     sampling.cpp
     sampling.h

common/arg.cpp

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@
 #include "chat.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "download.h"
+#include "hf-cache.h"
 #include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "sampling.h"
@@ -326,60 +327,48 @@ struct handle_model_result {
     common_params_model mmproj;
 };
 
-static handle_model_result common_params_handle_model(
-        struct common_params_model & model,
-        const std::string & bearer_token,
-        bool offline) {
+static handle_model_result common_params_handle_model(struct common_params_model & model,
+                                                      const std::string          & bearer_token,
+                                                      bool                         offline) {
     handle_model_result result;
-    // handle pre-fill default model path and url based on hf_repo and hf_file
-    {
-        if (!model.docker_repo.empty()) {  // Handle Docker URLs by resolving them to local paths
-            model.path = common_docker_resolve_model(model.docker_repo);
-            model.name = model.docker_repo; // set name for consistency
-        } else if (!model.hf_repo.empty()) {
-            // short-hand to avoid specifying --hf-file -> default it to --model
-            if (model.hf_file.empty()) {
-                if (model.path.empty()) {
-                    auto auto_detected = common_get_hf_file(model.hf_repo, bearer_token, offline);
-                    if (auto_detected.repo.empty() || auto_detected.ggufFile.empty()) {
-                        exit(1); // error message already printed
-                    }
-                    model.name    = model.hf_repo;      // repo name with tag
-                    model.hf_repo = auto_detected.repo; // repo name without tag
-                    model.hf_file = auto_detected.ggufFile;
-                    if (!auto_detected.mmprojFile.empty()) {
-                        result.found_mmproj   = true;
-                        result.mmproj.hf_repo = model.hf_repo;
-                        result.mmproj.hf_file = auto_detected.mmprojFile;
-                    }
-                } else {
-                    model.hf_file = model.path;
-                }
-            }
-
-            std::string model_endpoint = get_model_endpoint();
-            model.url = model_endpoint + model.hf_repo + "/resolve/main/" + model.hf_file;
-            // make sure model path is present (for caching purposes)
-            if (model.path.empty()) {
-                // this is to avoid different repo having same file name, or same file name in different subdirs
-                std::string filename = clean_file_name(model.hf_repo + "_" + model.hf_file);
-                model.path = fs_get_cache_file(filename);
-            }
-
-        } else if (!model.url.empty()) {
-            if (model.path.empty()) {
-                auto f = string_split<std::string>(model.url, '#').front();
-                f = string_split<std::string>(f, '?').front();
-                model.path = fs_get_cache_file(string_split<std::string>(f, '/').back());
-            }
 
+    if (!model.docker_repo.empty()) {
+        model.path = common_docker_resolve_model(model.docker_repo);
+        model.name = model.docker_repo;
+    } else if (!model.hf_repo.empty()) {
+        // If -m was used with -hf, treat the model "path" as the hf_file to download
+        if (model.hf_file.empty() && !model.path.empty()) {
+            model.hf_file = model.path;
+            model.path = "";
         }
-    }
+        common_download_model_opts opts;
+        opts.download_mmproj = true;
+        opts.offline = offline;
+        auto download_result = common_download_model(model, bearer_token, opts);
 
-    // then, download it if needed
-    if (!model.url.empty()) {
-        bool ok = common_download_model(model, bearer_token, offline);
-        if (!ok) {
+        if (download_result.model_path.empty()) {
+            LOG_ERR("error: failed to download model from Hugging Face\n");
+            exit(1);
+        }
+
+        model.name = model.hf_repo;
+        model.path = download_result.model_path;
+
+        if (!download_result.mmproj_path.empty()) {
+            result.found_mmproj = true;
+            result.mmproj.path  = download_result.mmproj_path;
+        }
+    } else if (!model.url.empty()) {
+        if (model.path.empty()) {
+            auto f = string_split<std::string>(model.url, '#').front();
+            f = string_split<std::string>(f, '?').front();
+            model.path = fs_get_cache_file(string_split<std::string>(f, '/').back());
+        }
+
+        common_download_model_opts opts;
+        opts.offline = offline;
+        auto download_result = common_download_model(model, bearer_token, opts);
+        if (download_result.model_path.empty()) {
             LOG_ERR("error: failed to download model from %s\n", model.url.c_str());
             exit(1);
         }
@@ -434,6 +423,9 @@ static bool parse_bool_value(const std::string & value) {
 static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context & ctx_arg) {
     common_params & params = ctx_arg.params;
 
+    // setup log directly from params.verbosity: see tools/cli/cli.cpp
+    common_log_set_verbosity_thold(params.verbosity);
+
     std::unordered_map<std::string, std::pair<common_arg *, bool>> arg_to_options;
     for (auto & opt : ctx_arg.options) {
         for (const auto & arg : opt.args) {
@@ -539,6 +531,13 @@ static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context
     // parse the first time to get -hf option (used for remote preset)
     parse_cli_args();
 
+    // TODO: Remove later
+    try {
+        hf_cache::migrate_old_cache_to_hf_cache(params.hf_token, params.offline);
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        LOG_WRN("HF cache migration failed: %s\n", e.what());
+    }
+
     // maybe handle remote preset
     if (!params.model.hf_repo.empty()) {
         std::string cli_hf_repo = params.model.hf_repo;
@@ -635,8 +634,6 @@ static bool common_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, common_params_context
         ));
     }
 
-    common_log_set_verbosity_thold(params.verbosity);
-
     return true;
 }
 
@@ -732,23 +729,28 @@ static void common_params_print_completion(common_params_context & ctx_arg) {
         "llama-completion",
         "llama-convert-llama2c-to-ggml",
         "llama-cvector-generator",
+        "llama-debug",
+        "llama-diffusion-cli",
         "llama-embedding",
         "llama-eval-callback",
         "llama-export-lora",
+        "llama-finetune",
+        "llama-fit-params",
+        "llama-gemma3-cli",
         "llama-gen-docs",
         "llama-gguf",
         "llama-gguf-hash",
         "llama-gguf-split",
-        "llama-gritlm",
+        "llama-idle",
         "llama-imatrix",
-        "llama-infill",
-        "llama-mtmd-cli",
-        "llama-llava-clip-quantize-cli",
+        "llama-llava-cli",
         "llama-lookahead",
         "llama-lookup",
         "llama-lookup-create",
         "llama-lookup-merge",
         "llama-lookup-stats",
+        "llama-minicpmv-cli",
+        "llama-mtmd-cli",
         "llama-parallel",
         "llama-passkey",
         "llama-perplexity",
@@ -1056,12 +1058,10 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"-cl", "--cache-list"},
         "show list of models in cache",
         [](common_params &) {
-            printf("model cache directory: %s\n", fs_get_cache_directory().c_str());
             auto models = common_list_cached_models();
             printf("number of models in cache: %zu\n", models.size());
             for (size_t i = 0; i < models.size(); i++) {
-                auto & model = models[i];
-                printf("%4d. %s\n", (int) i + 1, model.to_string().c_str());
+                printf("%4zu. %s\n", i + 1, models[i].to_string().c_str());
             }
             exit(0);
         }
@@ -1079,7 +1079,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params) {
             params.verbose_prompt = true;
         }
-    ));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EMBEDDING, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RETRIEVAL}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--display-prompt"},
         {"--no-display-prompt"},
@@ -1825,23 +1825,23 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
     ).set_sparam());
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--grammar"}, "GRAMMAR",
-        string_format("BNF-like grammar to constrain generations (see samples in grammars/ dir) (default: '%s')", params.sampling.grammar.c_str()),
+        "BNF-like grammar to constrain generations (see samples in grammars/ dir)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sampling.grammar = value;
+            params.sampling.grammar = {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_USER, value};
         }
     ).set_sparam());
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--grammar-file"}, "FNAME",
         "file to read grammar from",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sampling.grammar = read_file(value);
+            params.sampling.grammar = {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_USER, read_file(value)};
         }
     ).set_sparam());
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-j", "--json-schema"}, "SCHEMA",
         "JSON schema to constrain generations (https://json-schema.org/), e.g. `{}` for any JSON object\nFor schemas w/ external $refs, use --grammar + example/json_schema_to_grammar.py instead",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
-            params.sampling.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(json::parse(value));
+            params.sampling.grammar = {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_OUTPUT_FORMAT, json_schema_to_grammar(json::parse(value))};
         }
     ).set_sparam());
     add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -1858,7 +1858,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
                 std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(),
                 std::back_inserter(schema)
             );
-            params.sampling.grammar = json_schema_to_grammar(json::parse(schema));
+            params.sampling.grammar = {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_OUTPUT_FORMAT, json_schema_to_grammar(json::parse(schema))};
         }
     ).set_sparam());
     add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -2578,7 +2578,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         {"-hf", "-hfr", "--hf-repo"}, "<user>/<model>[:quant]",
         "Hugging Face model repository; quant is optional, case-insensitive, default to Q4_K_M, or falls back to the first file in the repo if Q4_K_M doesn't exist.\n"
         "mmproj is also downloaded automatically if available. to disable, add --no-mmproj\n"
-        "example: unsloth/phi-4-GGUF:q4_k_m\n"
+        "example: ggml-org/GLM-4.7-Flash-GGUF:Q4_K_M\n"
         "(default: unused)",
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             params.model.hf_repo = value;
@@ -2666,7 +2666,8 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             params.out_file = value;
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_TTS, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_FINETUNE, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RESULTS}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_IMATRIX, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CVECTOR_GENERATOR, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_LORA, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_TTS, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_FINETUNE,
+                    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RESULTS, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_GRAPH_OPS}));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"-ofreq", "--output-frequency"}, "N",
         string_format("output the imatrix every N iterations (default: %d)", params.n_out_freq),
@@ -2806,6 +2807,13 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.port = value;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_PORT"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--reuse-port"},
+        string_format("allow multiple sockets to bind to the same port (default: %s)", params.reuse_port ? "enabled" : "disabled"),
+        [](common_params & params) {
+            params.reuse_port = true;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_REUSE_PORT"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--path"}, "PATH",
         string_format("path to serve static files from (default: %s)", params.public_path.c_str()),
@@ -2842,6 +2850,15 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.webui_mcp_proxy = value;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_WEBUI_MCP_PROXY"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--tools"}, "TOOL1,TOOL2,...",
+        "experimental: whether to enable built-in tools for AI agents - do not enable in untrusted environments (default: no tools)\n"
+        "specify \"all\" to enable all tools\n"
+        "available tools: read_file, file_glob_search, grep_search, exec_shell_command, write_file, edit_file, apply_diff",
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            params.server_tools = parse_csv_row(value);
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_TOOLS"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--webui"},
         {"--no-webui"},
@@ -2913,6 +2930,10 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
             auto parsed = json::parse(value);
             for (const auto & item : parsed.items()) {
+                if (item.key() == "enable_thinking") {
+                    LOG_WRN("Setting 'enable_thinking' via --chat-template-kwargs is deprecated. "
+                            "Use --reasoning on / --reasoning off instead.\n");
+                }
                 params.default_template_kwargs[item.key()] = item.value().dump();
             }
         }
@@ -3048,14 +3069,39 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.reasoning_format = common_reasoning_format_from_name(value);
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_THINK"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"-rea", "--reasoning"}, "[on|off|auto]",
+        "Use reasoning/thinking in the chat ('on', 'off', or 'auto', default: 'auto' (detect from template))",
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            if (is_truthy(value)) {
+                params.enable_reasoning = 1;
+                params.default_template_kwargs["enable_thinking"] = "true";
+            } else if (is_falsey(value)) {
+                params.enable_reasoning = 0;
+                params.default_template_kwargs["enable_thinking"] = "false";
+            } else if (is_autoy(value)) {
+                params.enable_reasoning = -1;
+            } else {
+                throw std::invalid_argument(
+                    string_format("error: unknown value for --reasoning: '%s'\n", value.c_str()));
+            }
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_REASONING"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--reasoning-budget"}, "N",
-        "controls the amount of thinking allowed; currently only one of: -1 for unrestricted thinking budget, or 0 to disable thinking (default: -1)",
+        "token budget for thinking: -1 for unrestricted, 0 for immediate end, N>0 for token budget (default: -1)",
         [](common_params & params, int value) {
-            if (value != 0 && value != -1) { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
+            if (value < -1) { throw std::invalid_argument("invalid value"); }
             params.reasoning_budget = value;
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_THINK_BUDGET"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--reasoning-budget-message"}, "MESSAGE",
+        "message injected before the end-of-thinking tag when reasoning budget is exhausted (default: none)",
+        [](common_params & params, const std::string & value) {
+            params.reasoning_budget_message = value;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_THINK_BUDGET_MESSAGE"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--chat-template"}, "JINJA_TEMPLATE",
         string_format(
@@ -3080,6 +3126,17 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             params.chat_template = read_file(value);
         }
     ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_CHAT_TEMPLATE_FILE"));
+    add_opt(common_arg(
+        {"--skip-chat-parsing"},
+        {"--no-skip-chat-parsing"},
+        string_format(
+            "force a pure content parser, even if a Jinja template is specified; model will output everything "
+            "in the content section, including any reasoning and/or tool calls (default: disabled)"
+        ),
+        [](common_params & params, bool value) {
+            params.force_pure_content_parser = value;
+        }
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COMPLETION, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_CLI, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_SKIP_CHAT_PARSING"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--prefill-assistant"},
         {"--no-prefill-assistant"},
@@ -3204,6 +3261,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
         "Set verbosity level to infinity (i.e. log all messages, useful for debugging)",
         [](common_params & params) {
             params.verbosity = INT_MAX;
+            common_log_set_verbosity_thold(INT_MAX);
         }
     ));
     add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -3224,6 +3282,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
             "(default: %d)\n", params.verbosity),
         [](common_params & params, int value) {
             params.verbosity = value;
+            common_log_set_verbosity_thold(value);
         }
     ).set_env("LLAMA_LOG_VERBOSITY"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
@@ -3448,7 +3507,7 @@ common_params_context common_params_parser_init(common_params & params, llama_ex
                 throw std::invalid_argument("unknown speculative decoding type without draft model");
             }
         }
-    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}));
+    ).set_examples({LLAMA_EXAMPLE_SERVER}).set_env("LLAMA_ARG_SPEC_TYPE"));
     add_opt(common_arg(
         {"--spec-ngram-size-n"}, "N",
         string_format("ngram size N for ngram-simple/ngram-map speculative decoding, length of lookup n-gram (default: %d)", params.speculative.ngram_size_n),

common/chat-auto-parser-generator.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
+#include "chat-auto-parser-helpers.h"
 #include "chat-auto-parser.h"
 #include "chat-peg-parser.h"
 #include "chat.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "json-schema-to-grammar.h"
+#include "log.h"
 #include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
 
 #include <stdexcept>
@@ -22,13 +24,13 @@ static void foreach_function(const json & tools, const std::function<void(const
 
 namespace autoparser {
 
-parser_build_context::parser_build_context(common_chat_peg_builder & p, const templates_params & inputs) :
+parser_build_context::parser_build_context(common_chat_peg_builder & p, const generation_params & inputs) :
     p(p),
     inputs(inputs),
     reasoning_parser(p.eps()) {}
 
 common_chat_params peg_generator::generate_parser(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                                  const struct templates_params & inputs) {
+                                                  const struct generation_params & inputs) {
     // Run differential analysis to extract template structure
     struct autoparser autoparser;
     autoparser.analyze_template(tmpl);
@@ -36,17 +38,16 @@ common_chat_params peg_generator::generate_parser(const common_chat_template &
 }
 
 common_chat_params peg_generator::generate_parser(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                                  const struct templates_params & inputs,
+                                                  const struct generation_params & inputs,
                                                   const autoparser &              autoparser) {
-    // Build the parser using the analysis results
-    auto parser = autoparser.build_parser(inputs);
-
     // Create the result structure
     common_chat_params data;
     data.prompt           = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs);
     data.format           = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
     data.preserved_tokens = autoparser.preserved_tokens;
-    data.parser           = parser.save();
+
+    auto parser = autoparser.build_parser(inputs);
+    data.parser = parser.save();
 
     // Build grammar if tools are present
     bool has_tools =
@@ -64,7 +65,7 @@ common_chat_params peg_generator::generate_parser(const common_chat_template &
         data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
             foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
                 const auto & function = tool.at("function");
-                auto         schema   = function.at("parameters");
+                auto         schema   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : json::object();
                 builder.resolve_refs(schema);
             });
             parser.build_grammar(builder, data.grammar_lazy);
@@ -81,44 +82,37 @@ common_chat_params peg_generator::generate_parser(const common_chat_template &
     return data;
 }
 
-common_peg_arena autoparser::build_parser(const templates_params & inputs) const {
+common_peg_arena autoparser::build_parser(const generation_params & inputs) const {
     if (!analysis_complete) {
         throw std::invalid_argument("Cannot call build_parser on autoparser without performing analysis first, call analyze_template(...)");
     }
     return build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
-        // If the template uses Python dict format (single-quoted strings in JSON structures),
-        // pre-register a json-string rule that accepts both quote styles. This must happen
-        // before any call to p.json() so that all JSON parsing inherits the flexible rule.
-        if (tools.format.uses_python_dicts) {
-            p.rule("json-string", p.quoted_string());
-        }
-
         parser_build_context ctx(p, inputs);
         bool                 extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
-        bool                 enable_thinking   = inputs.enable_thinking;
 
-        ctx.extracting_reasoning = extract_reasoning && enable_thinking && reasoning.mode != reasoning_mode::NONE;
+        ctx.extracting_reasoning = extract_reasoning && reasoning.mode != reasoning_mode::NONE;
         ctx.content              = &content;
 
         // Build reasoning parser
         ctx.reasoning_parser = reasoning.build_parser(ctx);
 
+        auto parser = p.eps();
+
         bool has_tools           = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
         bool has_response_format = inputs.json_schema.is_object() && !inputs.json_schema.empty();
 
         if (has_response_format) {
             auto response_format = p.rule("response-format", p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format-schema", inputs.json_schema)));
-            return ctx.reasoning_parser + p.space() + p.choice({
+            parser = ctx.reasoning_parser + p.space() + p.choice({
                 p.literal("```json") + p.space() + response_format + p.space() + p.literal("```"),
                 response_format
             }) + p.end();
+        } else if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE && jinja_caps.supports_tool_calls) {
+            parser = tools.build_parser(ctx);
+        } else {
+            parser = content.build_parser(ctx);
         }
-
-        if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE && jinja_caps.supports_tool_calls) {
-            return tools.build_parser(ctx);
-        }
-
-        return content.build_parser(ctx);
+        return p.prefix(inputs.generation_prompt, reasoning.start) + parser;
     });
 }
 
@@ -129,22 +123,15 @@ common_peg_parser analyze_reasoning::build_parser(parser_build_context & ctx) co
         return p.eps();
     }
 
-    bool thinking_forced_open   = (mode == reasoning_mode::FORCED_OPEN);
-    bool thinking_forced_closed = (mode == reasoning_mode::FORCED_CLOSED);
-
-    if (thinking_forced_open || thinking_forced_closed) {
-        // Thinking is forced open OR forced closed with enable_thinking=true
-        // In both cases, expect only the closing tag (opening was in template)
-        return p.reasoning(p.until(end)) + end;
-    }
     if (mode == reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED || mode == reasoning_mode::TOOLS_ONLY) {
-        // Standard tag-based reasoning OR tools-only mode (reasoning appears with tools)
-        // Both use the same tag-based pattern if markers are available
-        if (!start.empty() && !end.empty()) {
-            return p.optional(start + p.reasoning(p.until(end)) + end);
+        if (!end.empty()) {
+            if (!start.empty()) {
+                // Standard tag-based: optional(<think>reasoning</think>)
+                return p.optional(start + p.reasoning(p.until(end)) + end + p.space());
+            }
+            // Delimiter-style (empty start)
+            return p.optional(p.reasoning(p.until(end)) + end + p.space());
         }
-    } else if (mode == reasoning_mode::DELIMITER) {
-        return p.optional(p.reasoning(p.until(end)) + end);
     }
 
     return p.eps();
@@ -180,7 +167,10 @@ common_peg_parser analyze_tools::build_parser(parser_build_context & ctx) const
         case tool_format::TAG_WITH_TAGGED:
             return build_tool_parser_tag_tagged(ctx);
         default:
-            GGML_ABORT("Unable to create tool parser");
+            LOG_ERR("[ERROR] Template seems to support tool calls, but failed to determine tool format. Tool calling will not work properly. "
+                "Check for a fixed template for your model in the models/templates directory of your llama.cpp installation or "
+                "report an issue at https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/issues\n");
+            return ctx.p.eps();
     }
 }
 
@@ -231,7 +221,7 @@ common_peg_parser analyze_tools::build_tool_parser_tag_json(parser_build_context
     foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
         const auto & func   = tool.at("function");
         std::string  name   = func.at("name");
-        const auto & schema = func.at("parameters");
+        const auto & schema = func.contains("parameters") ? func.at("parameters") : json::object();
 
         // Build call_id parser based on position (if supported)
         common_peg_parser call_id_section = p.eps();
@@ -292,19 +282,11 @@ common_peg_parser analyze_tools::build_tool_parser_tag_tagged(parser_build_conte
     common_peg_parser tool_choice = p.choice();
 
     foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
-        const auto & func   = tool.at("function");
-        std::string  name   = func.at("name");
-        const auto & params = func.at("parameters");
-
-        if (!params.contains("properties") || !params.at("properties").is_object()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        const auto &          properties = params.at("properties");
+        const auto &          func       = tool.at("function");
+        std::string           name       = func.at("name");
+        const auto &          params     = func.contains("parameters") ? func.at("parameters") : json::object();
+        const auto &          properties = params.contains("properties") ? params.at("properties") : json::object();
         std::set<std::string> required;
-        if (params.contains("required") && params.at("required").is_array()) {
-            params.at("required").get_to(required);
-        }
 
         // Build parser for each argument, separating required and optional
         std::vector<common_peg_parser> required_parsers;
@@ -321,17 +303,18 @@ common_peg_parser analyze_tools::build_tool_parser_tag_tagged(parser_build_conte
                 }
             }
 
-            auto arg = p.tool_arg(
-                p.tool_arg_open(arguments.name_prefix + p.tool_arg_name(p.literal(param_name)) +
-                                arguments.name_suffix) +
-                arguments.value_prefix +
-                (type == "string" ? p.tool_arg_string_value(p.schema(p.until(arguments.value_suffix),
-                                                                     "tool-" + name + "-arg-" + param_name + "-schema",
-                                                                     param_schema, true)) :
-                                    p.tool_arg_json_value(p.schema(
-                                        p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-arg-" + param_name + "-schema", param_schema, format.uses_python_dicts)) +
-                                        p.space()) +
-                p.tool_arg_close(p.literal(arguments.value_suffix)));
+            auto arg =
+                p.tool_arg(p.tool_arg_open(arguments.name_prefix + p.tool_arg_name(p.literal(param_name)) +
+                                           arguments.name_suffix) +
+                           arguments.value_prefix +
+                           (type == "string" ?
+                                p.tool_arg_string_value(p.schema(p.until(arguments.value_suffix),
+                                                                 "tool-" + name + "-arg-" + param_name + "-schema",
+                                                                 param_schema, true)) :
+                                p.tool_arg_json_value(p.schema(
+                                    p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-arg-" + param_name + "-schema", param_schema, false)) +
+                                    p.space()) +
+                           p.tool_arg_close(p.literal(arguments.value_suffix)));
 
             auto named_arg = p.rule("tool-" + name + "-arg-" + param_name, arg);
             if (is_required) {
@@ -378,7 +361,9 @@ common_peg_parser analyze_tools::build_tool_parser_tag_tagged(parser_build_conte
             func_parser = p.atomic(p.tool_open(function.name_prefix + p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + function.name_suffix) +
                 call_id_section) + p.space() + args_seq;
             matched_atomic = true;
-        } else if (!arguments.name_prefix.empty() && properties.size() > 0) {
+        } else if (!arguments.name_prefix.empty() && !required_parsers.empty()) {
+            // Only peek for an arg tag when there are required args that must follow.
+            // When all args are optional, the model may emit no arg tags at all (#20650).
             func_parser = p.atomic(p.tool_open(function.name_prefix + p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + function.name_suffix) +
                 call_id_section + p.space() + p.peek(p.literal(arguments.name_prefix))) + args_seq;
             matched_atomic = true;

common/chat-auto-parser-helpers.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,11 @@
 #include "chat-auto-parser-helpers.h"
 
 #include "chat-auto-parser.h"
+#include "chat-peg-parser.h"
 #include "chat.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
+#include "peg-parser.h"
 
 #include <cctype>
 #include <numeric>
@@ -186,6 +188,21 @@ diff_split calculate_diff_split(const std::string & left, const std::string & ri
         result.suffix = "";
         // pick prefix = all as representation
     }
+
+    // When left has no unique content (result.left is empty), left is entirely
+    // shared with right. The simultaneous prefix/suffix segment matching can
+    // incorrectly consume trailing segments of left as suffix when those same
+    // segments also appear at the end of right (e.g. "\n" at the end of both
+    // the shared content and the generation prompt). This rotates the diff.
+    // Fix: if left is a prefix of right, enforce that directly.
+    if (result.left.empty() && !result.right.empty() &&
+            left.size() <= right.size() &&
+            right.substr(0, left.size()) == left) {
+        result.prefix = left;
+        result.suffix = "";
+        result.right  = right.substr(left.size());
+    }
+
     return result;
 }
 
@@ -294,7 +311,7 @@ std::vector<segment> prune_whitespace_segments(const std::vector<segment> & segm
 namespace autoparser {
 
 std::string apply_template(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const template_params & params) {
-    templates_params tmpl_params;
+    generation_params tmpl_params;
     tmpl_params.messages              = params.messages;
     tmpl_params.tools                 = params.tools;
     tmpl_params.add_generation_prompt = params.add_generation_prompt;

common/chat-auto-parser-helpers.h

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "chat-auto-parser.h"
+#include "peg-parser.h"
 #include <functional>
 #include <optional>
 #include <string>

common/chat-auto-parser.h

@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ namespace autoparser {
 // High-level params for parser generation
 // ============================================================================
 
-struct templates_params {
+struct generation_params {
     json                                  messages;
     json                                  tools;
     common_chat_tool_choice               tool_choice = COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
@@ -62,6 +62,7 @@ struct templates_params {
     bool                                  add_generation_prompt = false;
     bool                                  enable_thinking       = true;
     std::chrono::system_clock::time_point now                   = std::chrono::system_clock::now();
+    std::string                           generation_prompt;
     json                                  extra_context;
     bool                                  add_bos       = false;
     bool                                  add_eos       = false;
@@ -77,11 +78,7 @@ struct templates_params {
 // Reasoning handling mode (derived from R1-R3 comparisons)
 enum class reasoning_mode {
     NONE,           // No reasoning markers detected
-    TAG_BASED,      // Standard tag-based: <think>...</think>
-    DELIMITER,      // Delimiter-based: [BEGIN FINAL RESPONSE] (reasoning ends at delimiter)
-    FORCED_OPEN,    // Template ends with open reasoning tag (empty start, non-empty end)
-    FORCED_CLOSED,  // Template ends with open reasoning tag on enabled thinking but
-                    // with both opened and closed tag for disabled thinking
+    TAG_BASED,      // Tag-based: <think>...</think> (start can be empty for delimiter-style)
     TOOLS_ONLY      // Only reason on tool calls, not on normal content
 };
 
@@ -91,12 +88,6 @@ inline std::ostream & operator<<(std::ostream & os, const reasoning_mode & mode)
             return os << "NONE";
         case reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED:
             return os << "TAG_BASED";
-        case reasoning_mode::DELIMITER:
-            return os << "DELIMITER";
-        case reasoning_mode::FORCED_OPEN:
-            return os << "FORCED_OPEN";
-        case reasoning_mode::FORCED_CLOSED:
-            return os << "FORCED_CLOSED";
         case reasoning_mode::TOOLS_ONLY:
             return os << "TOOLS_ONLY";
         default:
@@ -184,7 +175,6 @@ struct tool_format_analysis {
 
     bool fun_name_is_key = false;       // In JSON format function name is JSON key, i.e. { "<funname>": { ... arguments ... } }
     bool tools_array_wrapped = false;   // Tool calls wrapped in JSON array [...]
-    bool uses_python_dicts = false;     // Tool call args use Python dict format (single-quoted strings)
 
     std::string              function_field = "function";
     std::string              name_field     = "name";
@@ -225,12 +215,12 @@ struct analyze_content;
 
 struct parser_build_context {
     common_chat_peg_builder & p;
-    const templates_params &          inputs;
+    const generation_params &          inputs;
     common_peg_parser                 reasoning_parser;
     bool                              extracting_reasoning = false;
     const analyze_content *           content              = nullptr;
 
-    parser_build_context(common_chat_peg_builder & p, const templates_params & inputs);
+    parser_build_context(common_chat_peg_builder & p, const generation_params & inputs);
 };
 
 // ============================================================================
@@ -260,6 +250,7 @@ struct analyze_reasoning : analyze_base {
 
     analyze_reasoning() = default;
     analyze_reasoning(const common_chat_template & tmpl, bool supports_tools);
+    analyze_reasoning(std::string start_, std::string end_) : start(std::move(start_)), end(std::move(end_)) {}
 
     common_peg_parser build_parser(parser_build_context & ctx) const override;
 
@@ -381,7 +372,7 @@ struct autoparser {
     void analyze_template(const common_chat_template & tmpl);
 
     // Build the PEG parser for this template
-    common_peg_arena build_parser(const templates_params & inputs) const;
+    common_peg_arena build_parser(const generation_params & inputs) const;
 
   private:
     // Collect tokens from entire analysis to preserve
@@ -395,10 +386,10 @@ struct autoparser {
 class peg_generator {
   public:
     static common_chat_params generate_parser(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                              const struct templates_params & inputs);
+                                              const struct generation_params & inputs);
 
     static common_chat_params generate_parser(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                              const struct templates_params & inputs,
+                                              const struct generation_params & inputs,
                                               const autoparser &              autoparser);
 };
 

common/chat-diff-analyzer.cpp

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
 #include "chat-auto-parser-helpers.h"
 #include "chat-peg-parser.h"
 #include "chat.h"
+#include "common.h"
 #include "log.h"
 #include "nlohmann/json.hpp"
 #include "peg-parser.h"
@@ -31,8 +32,9 @@ static std::vector<std::function<void(const common_chat_template & tmpl, autopar
       [](const common_chat_template & tmpl, autoparser & analysis) -> void {
           if (tmpl.src.find("content.split('</think>')") != std::string::npos &&
               tmpl.src.find("reasoning_content") == std::string::npos &&
+              tmpl.src.find("<SPECIAL_12>") == std::string::npos &&
               analysis.reasoning.mode == reasoning_mode::NONE) {
-              analysis.reasoning.mode  = reasoning_mode::FORCED_OPEN;
+              analysis.reasoning.mode  = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
               analysis.reasoning.start = "<think>";
               analysis.reasoning.end   = "</think>";
               analysis.preserved_tokens.push_back("<think>");
@@ -185,7 +187,6 @@ void autoparser::analyze_template(const common_chat_template & tmpl) {
     LOG_DBG("func_name_prefix: '%s'\n", tools.function.name_prefix.c_str());
     LOG_DBG("func_name_suffix: '%s'\n", tools.function.name_suffix.c_str());
     LOG_DBG("func_close: '%s'\n", tools.function.close.c_str());
-    LOG_DBG("python_dict_format: %s\n", tools.format.uses_python_dicts ? "true" : "false");
     LOG_DBG("arg_name_prefix: '%s'\n", tools.arguments.name_prefix.c_str());
     LOG_DBG("arg_name_suffix: '%s'\n", tools.arguments.name_suffix.c_str());
     LOG_DBG("arg_value_prefix: '%s'\n", tools.arguments.value_prefix.c_str());
@@ -286,7 +287,7 @@ void analyze_reasoning::compare_reasoning_presence() {
             return p.literal(reasoning_content) + p.space() + p.optional(p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space())) + p.rest());
         });
         auto parser_wrapped = build_tagged_peg_parser([&](common_peg_parser_builder &p) {
-            return p.tag("pre", p.marker()) + p.space() + p.literal(reasoning_content) + p.space() + p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space())) + p.rest();
+            return p.tag("pre", p.marker() + p.space()) + p.literal(reasoning_content) + p.space() + p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space())) + p.rest();
         });
         // try the more aggressive parse first, if it fails, fall back to the delimiter one
         auto result = parser_wrapped.parse_anywhere_and_extract(comparison->output_B);
@@ -295,16 +296,12 @@ void analyze_reasoning::compare_reasoning_presence() {
         }
         if (result.result.success()) {
             if (!result.tags["pre"].empty() && !result.tags["post"].empty()) {
-                if (parser_wrapped.parse_anywhere_and_extract(diff.right).result.success()) { // both tags in the diff = no forced close
-                    mode = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
-                } else {
-                    mode = reasoning_mode::FORCED_CLOSED;
-                }
-                start = trim_whitespace(result.tags["pre"]);
-                end   = result.tags["post"];
+                mode = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
+                start = trim_leading_whitespace(result.tags["pre"]);
+                end   = trim_trailing_whitespace(result.tags["post"]);
             } else if (!result.tags["post"].empty()) {
-                mode = reasoning_mode::DELIMITER;
-                end = result.tags["post"];
+                mode = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
+                end = trim_trailing_whitespace(result.tags["post"]);
             }
         }
     }
@@ -331,53 +328,66 @@ void analyze_reasoning::compare_thinking_enabled() {
     const auto & diff = comparison->diff;
 
     std::string left_trimmed = trim_whitespace(diff.left);
+    std::string right_trimmed = trim_whitespace(diff.right);
 
     if (left_trimmed.empty() && !diff.right.empty()) {
-        std::string right_trimmed = trim_whitespace(diff.right);
-
         if (!right_trimmed.empty() && string_ends_with(comparison->output_B, right_trimmed)) {
             if (start.empty()) {
-                start = right_trimmed;
-                mode  = reasoning_mode::FORCED_OPEN;
+                start = trim_leading_whitespace(diff.right);
+                mode  = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (right_trimmed.empty() && !diff.left.empty()) {
+        if (!left_trimmed.empty() && string_ends_with(comparison->output_A, left_trimmed)) {
+            if (end.empty()) {
+                auto seg = prune_whitespace_segments(segmentize_markers(comparison->output_A));
+                if (seg.size() >= 2 && seg[seg.size() - 1].value == left_trimmed && seg[seg.size() - 2].type == segment_type::MARKER) {
+                    start = seg[seg.size() - 2].value;
+                }
+                end = trim_trailing_whitespace(diff.left);
+                mode = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
+            }
+        }
+    } else if (!left_trimmed.empty() && !right_trimmed.empty()) {
+        // Full-output diff is noisy (e.g., SmolLM3 changes the system message when enable_thinking flips).
+        // Try to find reasoning markers by tail-anchoring:
+        // one output's generation prompt tail may appear in the other with extra reasoning markers appended.
+        const auto & output_A = comparison->output_A;
+        const auto & output_B = comparison->output_B;
+        const size_t anchor_len = 64;
+
+        for (int dir = 0; dir < 2; dir++) {
+            const auto & base     = dir == 0 ? output_B : output_A;
+            const auto & extended = dir == 0 ? output_A : output_B;
+
+            size_t len = std::min(base.size(), anchor_len);
+            std::string anchor = base.substr(base.size() - len);
+            auto pos = extended.rfind(anchor);
+            if (pos == std::string::npos || pos + len >= extended.size()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            std::string extra = trim_whitespace(extended.substr(pos + len));
+            if (extra.empty()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            auto seg = prune_whitespace_segments(segmentize_markers(extra));
+            if (seg.size() == 2 && seg[0].type == segment_type::MARKER && seg[1].type == segment_type::MARKER) {
+                if (start.empty()) {
+                    start = seg[0].value;
+                }
+                if (end.empty()) {
+                    end   = seg[1].value;
+                }
+                mode = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
+                break;
             }
         }
     }
 
-    if (start.empty() && !end.empty()) {
-        mode = reasoning_mode::DELIMITER;
-    }
-
-    // Check for FORCED_CLOSED: when enable_thinking=false produces both start and end markers,
-    // but enable_thinking=true produces only the start marker
-    if (!comparison->output_A.empty() && !comparison->output_B.empty()) {
-        auto parser_start = build_tagged_peg_parser([&](common_peg_parser_builder &p) {
-            return p.literal(start) + p.space() + p.literal(end) + p.rest();
-        });
-        auto parser_start_end = build_tagged_peg_parser([&](common_peg_parser_builder &p) {
-            return p.tag("pre", p.literal(start)) + p.space() + p.negate(p.literal(end)) + p.rest();
-        });
-        if (!start.empty() && parser_start_end.parse_anywhere_and_extract(comparison->output_A).result.success() &&
-            parser_start.parse_anywhere_and_extract(comparison->output_B).result.success()) {
-            mode = reasoning_mode::FORCED_CLOSED;
-        } else if (!end.empty()) { // we extract the starting marker now since we didn't get it earlier
-            auto result = parser_start_end.parse_anywhere_and_extract(comparison->output_A);
-            if (result.result.success()) {
-                start = result.tags["pre"];
-                mode  = reasoning_mode::FORCED_CLOSED;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (start.empty() && end.empty()) {  // we might still have the case of "just open" and "just close"
-        if (!diff.left.empty() && !diff.right.empty()) {
-            auto seg_A = segmentize_markers(trim_trailing_whitespace(diff.left));
-            auto seg_B = segmentize_markers(trim_trailing_whitespace(diff.right));
-            if (seg_A.size() == 1 && seg_B.size() == 1) {
-                mode = reasoning_mode::FORCED_CLOSED;
-                start = seg_B[0].value;
-                end = seg_A[0].value;
-            }
-        }
+    if (mode == reasoning_mode::NONE && start.empty() && !end.empty()) {
+        mode = reasoning_mode::TAG_BASED;
     }
 }
 
@@ -421,21 +431,21 @@ void analyze_reasoning::compare_reasoning_scope() {
         LOG_DBG(ANSI_ORANGE "%s: Detected TOOLS_ONLY reasoning mode\n" ANSI_RESET, __func__);
 
         auto parser_wrapped = build_tagged_peg_parser([&](common_peg_parser_builder &p) {
-            return p.tag("pre", p.marker()) + p.space() + p.literal(reasoning_content) + p.space() + p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space()));
+            return p.tag("pre", p.marker() + p.space()) + p.literal(reasoning_content) + p.space() + p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space()));
         });
         auto result = parser_wrapped.parse_anywhere_and_extract(comparison->output_B);
         if (result.result.success()) {
             start = result.tags["pre"];
-            end = result.tags["post"];
+            end = trim_trailing_whitespace(result.tags["post"]);
         } else {
             auto parser_delimiter = build_tagged_peg_parser([&](common_peg_parser_builder &p) {
                 return p.literal(reasoning_content) + p.space() + p.optional(p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space())));
             });
             result = parser_delimiter.parse_anywhere_and_extract(comparison->output_B);
             if (result.result.success()) {
-                end = result.tags["post"];
+                end = trim_trailing_whitespace(result.tags["post"]);
             } else {
-                LOG_DBG(ANSI_ORANGE "%s: Unable to extracft reasoning markers, falling back to reasoning = NONE\n" ANSI_RESET, __func__);
+                LOG_DBG(ANSI_ORANGE "%s: Unable to extract reasoning markers, falling back to reasoning = NONE\n" ANSI_RESET, __func__);
                 mode = reasoning_mode::NONE;
             }
         }
@@ -479,6 +489,7 @@ analyze_content::analyze_content(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const analyz
 
     if (!comparison_with_tools || !comparison_with_reasoning) {
         LOG_DBG(ANSI_ORANGE "%s: Template application failed\n" ANSI_RESET, __func__);
+        return;
     }
 
     const auto & diff_tools     = comparison_with_tools->diff;
@@ -513,7 +524,7 @@ analyze_content::analyze_content(const common_chat_template & tmpl, const analyz
         // Take the more promising diff
         std::string pure_content = rdiff.length() > diff_tools.left.length() ? rdiff : diff_tools.left;
         auto parser_wrapped = build_tagged_peg_parser([&](common_peg_parser_builder &p) {
-            return p.tag("pre", p.marker()) + p.space() + p.literal(response) + p.space() + p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space())) + p.rest();
+            return p.tag("pre", p.marker() + p.space()) + p.literal(response) + p.space() + p.tag("post", (p.marker() + p.space())) + p.rest();
         });
         auto result = parser_wrapped.parse_anywhere_and_extract(pure_content);
         start = result.tags["pre"];
@@ -599,33 +610,23 @@ void analyze_tools::analyze_tool_call_format(const std::string &       haystack,
         return;
     }
 
-    enum class json_quote_style { NONE, DOUBLE_QUOTES, SINGLE_QUOTES };
-
-    auto in_json_haystack = [&haystack](const std::string & needle) -> json_quote_style {
+    auto in_json_haystack = [&haystack](const std::string & needle) -> bool {
         auto parser = build_tagged_peg_parser([&](common_peg_parser_builder &p) {
             return p.choice({ p.literal("{"), p.literal(":") }) << p.choice({
-                p.tag("sq", p.literal("'") + p.literal(needle) + p.literal("'")),
                 p.tag("dq", p.literal("\"") + p.literal(needle) + p.literal("\"")) });
         });
         auto result = parser.parse_anywhere_and_extract(haystack);
-        if (!result.result.success()) {
-            return json_quote_style::NONE;
-        }
-        return result.tags.count("sq") && !result.tags["sq"].empty()
-            ? json_quote_style::SINGLE_QUOTES
-            : json_quote_style::DOUBLE_QUOTES;
+        return result.result.success();
     };
 
     auto fun_quote = in_json_haystack(fun_name_needle);
     auto arg_quote = in_json_haystack(arg_name_needle);
 
-    if (fun_quote != json_quote_style::NONE) {
+    if (fun_quote) {
         // no need to check further, we're in JSON land
         format.mode = tool_format::JSON_NATIVE;
-        format.uses_python_dicts = (fun_quote == json_quote_style::SINGLE_QUOTES);
-    } else if (arg_quote != json_quote_style::NONE) {
+    } else if (arg_quote) {
         format.mode = tool_format::TAG_WITH_JSON;
-        format.uses_python_dicts = (arg_quote == json_quote_style::SINGLE_QUOTES);
     } else {
         format.mode = tool_format::TAG_WITH_TAGGED;
     }
@@ -911,8 +912,10 @@ void analyze_tools::extract_function_markers() {
             // we'll have to rely on an extra diff with no-calls version
             auto notool_comp = compare_variants(
                 *tmpl, params, [&](template_params & p) { p.messages = json::array({ user_msg, assistant_nocall }); });
-            auto nt_diff  = notool_comp->diff;
-            closer_suffix = nt_diff.left.substr(nt_diff.left.find("YYYY") + 4);
+            if (notool_comp) {
+                auto nt_diff  = notool_comp->diff;
+                closer_suffix = nt_diff.left.substr(nt_diff.left.find("YYYY") + 4);
+            }
         } else {
             closer_suffix = diff.suffix.substr(0, diff.suffix.find(suffix_marker));
         }

common/chat-peg-parser.cpp

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
 
-using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
+using ordered_json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 
 static std::string_view trim_trailing_space(std::string_view sv, int max = -1) {
     int count = 0;
@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ static int json_brace_depth(const std::string & s) {
 
 // JSON-escape a string and return the inner content (without surrounding quotes).
 static std::string escape_json_string_inner(const std::string & s) {
-    std::string escaped = json(s).dump();
+    std::string escaped = ordered_json(s).dump();
     if (escaped.size() >= 2 && escaped.front() == '"' && escaped.back() == '"') {
         return escaped.substr(1, escaped.size() - 2);
     }
@@ -229,6 +229,20 @@ void common_chat_peg_mapper::from_ast(const common_peg_ast_arena &    arena,
         result.tool_calls.push_back(pending_tool_call.value());
         pending_tool_call.reset();
     }
+
+    // Discard whitespace-only reasoning content (e.g. from <think></think> prefill)
+    if (!result.reasoning_content.empty()) {
+        bool all_whitespace = true;
+        for (char c : result.reasoning_content) {
+            if (c != ' ' && c != '\n' && c != '\r' && c != '\t') {
+                all_whitespace = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (all_whitespace) {
+            result.reasoning_content.clear();
+        }
+    }
 }
 
 void common_chat_peg_mapper::map(const common_peg_ast_node & node) {
@@ -309,7 +323,7 @@ void common_chat_peg_mapper::map(const common_peg_ast_node & node) {
         if (arg_count > 0) {
             arg_entry = ",";
         }
-        arg_entry += json(trim(node.text)).dump() + ":";
+        arg_entry += ordered_json(trim(node.text)).dump() + ":";
         ++arg_count;
 
         auto & target = args_target();
@@ -343,7 +357,7 @@ void common_chat_peg_mapper::map(const common_peg_ast_node & node) {
 
             // Try to parse as JSON value (number, bool, null, object, array)
             try {
-                json parsed = json::parse(value_content);
+                ordered_json parsed = ordered_json::parse(value_content);
                 if (parsed.is_string()) {
                     // Don't add closing quote yet (added by arg_close) for monotonic streaming
                     std::string escaped = parsed.dump();
@@ -408,7 +422,7 @@ void common_chat_peg_mapper::map(const common_peg_ast_node & node) {
 
 common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::standard_constructed_tools(
     const std::map<std::string, std::string> & markers,
-    const nlohmann::json &                     tools,
+    const ordered_json &                       tools,
     bool                                       parallel_tool_calls,
     bool                                       force_tool_calls) {
     if (!tools.is_array() || tools.empty()) {
@@ -439,7 +453,7 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::standard_constructed_tools(
         }
         const auto &   function = tool_def.at("function");
         std::string    name     = function.at("name");
-        nlohmann::json params = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : nlohmann::json::object();
+        ordered_json   params   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : ordered_json::object();
 
         // Build argument parsers
         auto args = eps();
@@ -479,8 +493,8 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::standard_constructed_tools(
 // Python-style tool calls: name(arg1="value1", arg2=123)
 // Used only by LFM2 for now, so we don't merge it into autoparser
 common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::python_style_tool_calls(
-    const nlohmann::json & tools,
-    bool                   parallel_tool_calls) {
+    const ordered_json & tools,
+    bool                 parallel_tool_calls) {
     if (!tools.is_array() || tools.empty()) {
         return eps();
     }
@@ -493,7 +507,7 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::python_style_tool_calls(
         }
         const auto &   function = tool_def.at("function");
         std::string    name     = function.at("name");
-        nlohmann::json params = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : nlohmann::json::object();
+        ordered_json   params   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : ordered_json::object();
 
         auto args = eps();
         if (params.contains("properties") && !params["properties"].empty()) {
@@ -555,11 +569,11 @@ static std::pair<std::string, std::string> parse_key_spec(const std::string & ke
 
 // Mode 1: function_is_key — parse {"function_name": {...}}
 common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_function_is_key(
-    const nlohmann::json & tools,
-    const std::string &    args_key,
-    const std::string &    effective_args_key,
-    const std::string &    call_id_key,
-    const std::string &    gen_call_id_key) {
+    const ordered_json & tools,
+    const std::string &  args_key,
+    const std::string &  effective_args_key,
+    const std::string &  call_id_key,
+    const std::string &  gen_call_id_key) {
 
     auto tool_choices = choice();
 
@@ -569,7 +583,7 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_function_is_key(
         }
         const auto &   function = tool_def.at("function");
         std::string    name     = function.at("name");
-        nlohmann::json params = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : nlohmann::json::object();
+        ordered_json   params   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : ordered_json::object();
 
         // Build inner object fields
         std::vector<common_peg_parser> inner_fields;
@@ -634,11 +648,11 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_function_is_key(
 
 // Mode 2: Nested keys (dot notation like "function.name")
 common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_nested_keys(
-    const nlohmann::json & tools,
-    const std::string &    effective_name_key,
-    const std::string &    effective_args_key,
-    const std::string &    call_id_key,
-    const std::string &    gen_call_id_key) {
+    const ordered_json & tools,
+    const std::string &  effective_name_key,
+    const std::string &  effective_args_key,
+    const std::string &  call_id_key,
+    const std::string &  gen_call_id_key) {
 
     auto tool_choices = choice();
 
@@ -655,7 +669,7 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_nested_keys(
         }
         const auto &   function = tool_def.at("function");
         std::string    name     = function.at("name");
-        nlohmann::json params = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : nlohmann::json::object();
+        ordered_json   params   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : ordered_json::object();
 
         auto nested_name = literal("\"" + nested_name_field + "\"") + space() + literal(":") + space() +
                           literal("\"") + tool_name(literal(name)) + literal("\"");
@@ -706,7 +720,7 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_nested_keys(
 
 // Mode 3: Flat keys with optional ID fields and parameter ordering
 common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_flat_keys(
-    const nlohmann::json &           tools,
+    const ordered_json &             tools,
     const std::string &              effective_name_key,
     const std::string &              effective_args_key,
     const std::string &              call_id_key,
@@ -723,7 +737,7 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_flat_keys(
         }
         const auto &   function = tool_def.at("function");
         std::string    name     = function.at("name");
-        nlohmann::json params = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : nlohmann::json::object();
+        ordered_json   params   = function.contains("parameters") ? function.at("parameters") : ordered_json::object();
 
         auto tool_name_ = name_key_parser + space() + literal(":") + space() +
                          literal("\"") + tool_name(literal(name)) + literal("\"");
@@ -788,10 +802,20 @@ common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::build_json_tools_flat_keys(
     return tool_choices;
 }
 
+common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::prefix(const std::string & s, const std::string & delimiter) {
+    if (s.empty()) {
+        return eps();
+    }
+    if (delimiter.empty()) {
+        return literal(s);
+    }
+    return literal(s.substr(0, s.rfind(delimiter)));
+}
+
 common_peg_parser common_chat_peg_builder::standard_json_tools(
                                                        const std::string &              section_start,
                                                        const std::string &              section_end,
-                                                       const nlohmann::json &           tools,
+                                                       const ordered_json &             tools,
                                                        bool                             parallel_tool_calls,
                                                        bool                             force_tool_calls,
                                                        const std::string &              name_key,

common/chat-peg-parser.h

@@ -82,6 +82,10 @@ class common_chat_peg_builder : public common_peg_parser_builder {
     common_peg_parser tool_arg_string_value(const common_peg_parser & p) { return tag(TOOL_ARG_STRING_VALUE, p); }
     common_peg_parser tool_arg_json_value(const common_peg_parser & p) { return atomic(tag(TOOL_ARG_VALUE, p)); }
 
+
+    // Return a parser that parses the prefix of a string, up to a given delimiter.
+    common_peg_parser prefix(const std::string & s, const std::string & delimiter = {});
+
     // Legacy-compatible helper for building standard JSON tool calls
     // Used by tests and manual parsers
     // name_key/args_key: JSON key names for function name and arguments
@@ -94,7 +98,7 @@ class common_chat_peg_builder : public common_peg_parser_builder {
     // parameters_order: order in which JSON fields should be parsed
     common_peg_parser standard_json_tools(const std::string &              section_start,
                                           const std::string &              section_end,
-                                          const nlohmann::json &           tools,
+                                          const nlohmann::ordered_json &   tools,
                                           bool                             parallel_tool_calls,
                                           bool                             force_tool_calls,
                                           const std::string &              name_key = "",
@@ -108,30 +112,30 @@ class common_chat_peg_builder : public common_peg_parser_builder {
     // Legacy-compatible helper for building XML/tagged style tool calls
     // Used by tests and manual parsers
     common_peg_parser standard_constructed_tools(const std::map<std::string, std::string> & markers,
-                                                 const nlohmann::json &                     tools,
+                                                 const nlohmann::ordered_json &             tools,
                                                  bool                                       parallel_tool_calls,
                                                  bool                                       force_tool_calls);
 
     // Helper for Python-style function call format: name(arg1="value1", arg2=123)
     // Used by LFM2 and similar templates
-    common_peg_parser python_style_tool_calls(const nlohmann::json & tools,
-                                              bool                   parallel_tool_calls);
+    common_peg_parser python_style_tool_calls(const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools,
+                                              bool                           parallel_tool_calls);
 
   private:
     // Implementation helpers for standard_json_tools — one per JSON tool call layout mode
-    common_peg_parser build_json_tools_function_is_key(const nlohmann::json & tools,
-                                                       const std::string &    args_key,
-                                                       const std::string &    effective_args_key,
-                                                       const std::string &    call_id_key,
-                                                       const std::string &    gen_call_id_key);
+    common_peg_parser build_json_tools_function_is_key(const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools,
+                                                       const std::string &            args_key,
+                                                       const std::string &            effective_args_key,
+                                                       const std::string &            call_id_key,
+                                                       const std::string &            gen_call_id_key);
 
-    common_peg_parser build_json_tools_nested_keys(const nlohmann::json & tools,
-                                                   const std::string &    effective_name_key,
-                                                   const std::string &    effective_args_key,
-                                                   const std::string &    call_id_key,
-                                                   const std::string &    gen_call_id_key);
+    common_peg_parser build_json_tools_nested_keys(const nlohmann::ordered_json & tools,
+                                                   const std::string &            effective_name_key,
+                                                   const std::string &            effective_args_key,
+                                                   const std::string &            call_id_key,
+                                                   const std::string &            gen_call_id_key);
 
-    common_peg_parser build_json_tools_flat_keys(const nlohmann::json &           tools,
+    common_peg_parser build_json_tools_flat_keys(const nlohmann::ordered_json &   tools,
                                                  const std::string &              effective_name_key,
                                                  const std::string &              effective_args_key,
                                                  const std::string &              call_id_key,

common/chat.cpp

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 #include "chat.h"
 
+#include "chat-auto-parser-helpers.h"
 #include "chat-auto-parser.h"
 #include "chat-peg-parser.h"
 #include "common.h"
@@ -22,6 +23,7 @@
 #include <sstream>
 #include <stdexcept>
 #include <string>
+#include <utility>
 #include <vector>
 
 using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
@@ -219,7 +221,7 @@ using chat_template_caps = jinja::caps;
 struct common_chat_templates {
     bool add_bos;
     bool add_eos;
-    bool has_explicit_template;  // Model had builtin template or template overridde was specified.
+    bool has_explicit_template;  // Model had builtin template or template overridden was specified.
     std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_default;  // always set (defaults to chatml)
     std::unique_ptr<common_chat_template> template_tool_use;
 };
@@ -760,7 +762,7 @@ static void foreach_parameter(const json &
 
 std::string common_chat_template_direct_apply(
     const common_chat_template & tmpl,
-    const autoparser::templates_params & inputs,
+    const autoparser::generation_params & inputs,
     const std::optional<json> & messages_override,
     const std::optional<json> & tools_override,
     const std::optional<json> & additional_context) {
@@ -811,7 +813,7 @@ std::string common_chat_template_direct_apply(
 }
 
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_ministral_3(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                                              const autoparser::templates_params & inputs) {
+                                                              const autoparser::generation_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
 
     // Build up messages to follow the format: https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Ministral-3-14B-Reasoning-2512/blob/main/chat_template.jinja
@@ -857,7 +859,9 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_ministral_3(const common_chat_
     auto extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
     auto include_grammar   = true;
 
-    data.supports_thinking = true;
+    data.supports_thinking  = true;
+    data.thinking_start_tag = "[THINK]";
+    data.thinking_end_tag   = "[/THINK]";
     data.prompt            = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override = */ adjusted_messages);
     data.format            = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
     data.preserved_tokens  = {
@@ -868,14 +872,14 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_ministral_3(const common_chat_
     };
 
     auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
+        auto generation_prompt = p.prefix(inputs.generation_prompt, "[THINK]");
         auto reasoning =
             extract_reasoning ? p.optional("[THINK]" + p.reasoning(p.until("[/THINK]")) + "[/THINK]") : p.eps();
 
         // Response format parser
         if (inputs.json_schema.is_object() && !inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
             // Ministral wants to emit json surrounded by code fences
-            return reasoning << "```json" << p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format", inputs.json_schema))
-                             << "```";
+            return generation_prompt + (reasoning << "```json" << p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format", inputs.json_schema)) << "```");
         }
 
         // Tool call parser
@@ -895,12 +899,12 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_ministral_3(const common_chat_
             auto max_calls  = inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? -1 : 1;
             auto tool_calls = p.trigger_rule("tool-call", p.repeat("[TOOL_CALLS]" + tool_choice, min_calls, max_calls));
 
-            return reasoning << p.content(p.until("[TOOL_CALLS]")) << tool_calls;
+            return generation_prompt + (reasoning << p.content(p.until("[TOOL_CALLS]")) << tool_calls);
         }
 
         // Content only parser
         include_grammar = false;
-        return reasoning << p.content(p.rest());
+        return generation_prompt + (reasoning << p.content(p.rest()));
     });
 
     data.parser = parser.save();
@@ -926,22 +930,19 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_ministral_3(const common_chat_
 }
 
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                                          const autoparser::templates_params & inputs) {
+                                                          const autoparser::generation_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
 
     // Copy reasoning to the "thinking" field as expected by the gpt-oss template
     auto adjusted_messages = json::array();
-    for (const auto & msg : inputs.messages) {
-        auto has_reasoning_content = msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string();
-        auto has_tool_calls        = msg.contains("tool_calls") && msg.at("tool_calls").is_array();
-
-        if (has_reasoning_content && has_tool_calls) {
-            auto adjusted_message        = msg;
-            adjusted_message["thinking"] = msg.at("reasoning_content");
-            adjusted_messages.push_back(adjusted_message);
-        } else {
-            adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
+    for (auto msg : inputs.messages) {
+        if (msg.contains("reasoning_content") && msg.at("reasoning_content").is_string()) {
+            msg["thinking"] = msg.at("reasoning_content");
+            if (msg.contains("tool_calls") && msg.at("tool_calls").is_array() && !msg.at("tool_calls").empty()) {
+                msg.erase("content");
+            }
         }
+        adjusted_messages.push_back(msg);
     }
 
     auto prompt = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs, /* messages_override= */ adjusted_messages);
@@ -967,45 +968,42 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_temp
         "<|channel|>", "<|constrain|>", "<|message|>", "<|start|>", "<|end|>",
     };
 
-    auto has_tools         = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
-    auto extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
-    auto include_grammar   = inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE && has_tools;
+    auto has_tools           = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
+    auto has_response_format = !inputs.json_schema.is_null() && inputs.json_schema.is_object();
+    auto include_grammar     = has_response_format || (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE);
+    auto extract_reasoning   = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
 
     auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
-        const std::string END                = "<|end|>";
-        const std::string START              = "<|start|>";
-        const std::string MESSAGE            = "<|message|>";
-        const std::string CHANNEL            = "<|channel|>";
-        const std::string CONSTRAIN          = "<|constrain|>";
-        const std::string START_ASSISTANT    = START + "assistant";
-        const std::string CHANNEL_ANALYSIS   = CHANNEL + "analysis";
-        const std::string CHANNEL_COMMENTARY = CHANNEL + "commentary";
-        const std::string CHANNEL_FINAL      = CHANNEL + "final";
+        auto start           = p.rule("start", p.literal("<|start|>assistant"));
+        auto end             = p.rule("end", p.literal("<|end|>"));
+        auto content         = p.rule("message-content", p.until("<|end|>"));
+        auto channel         = p.literal("<|channel|>") + (p.literal("commentary") | p.literal("analysis"));
+        auto constrain_type  = p.chars("[A-Za-z0-9_-]", 1, -1);
 
-        auto the_end = END | p.end();
-
-        const std::string analysis_header  = CHANNEL_ANALYSIS + MESSAGE;
-        auto              segment_content  = p.until(END);
-        auto              analysis_segment = extract_reasoning ?
-                                                 p.literal(analysis_header) + p.reasoning(segment_content) + p.until(END) + the_end :
-                                                 p.content(analysis_header + p.until(END) + the_end);
-
-        auto channel_header_content = p.until_one_of({ " to=functions.", MESSAGE });
-        auto content_header         = p.choice({ p.literal(CHANNEL_COMMENTARY), p.literal(CHANNEL_FINAL) });
-        auto content_segment        = p.rule("content-segment", content_header + channel_header_content + MESSAGE +
-                                                                    p.content(segment_content) + the_end);
-
-        if (!inputs.json_schema.is_null()) {
-            auto final_header = p.literal(CHANNEL_FINAL);
-            auto constraint   = p.optional(p.space() + p.literal(CONSTRAIN) + channel_header_content);
-            return p.optional(analysis_segment) + final_header + constraint + MESSAGE +
-                   p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format", inputs.json_schema));
+        if (extract_reasoning) {
+            p.rule("analysis", p.literal("<|channel|>analysis<|message|>") + p.reasoning(content) + end);
+        } else {
+            p.rule("analysis", p.content(p.literal("<|channel|>analysis<|message|>") + content + end));
         }
 
-        auto segment  = p.optional(START_ASSISTANT + p.space()) + p.choice({ content_segment, analysis_segment });
-        auto contents = p.optional(segment + p.repeat(p.optional(p.space()) + segment, 0, -1)) + p.end();
+        auto analysis = p.ref("analysis");
+        auto preamble = p.rule("preamble", p.literal("<|channel|>commentary<|message|>") + p.content(content) + end);
+        auto final_msg = p.rule("final", p.literal("<|channel|>final<|message|>") + p.content(content));
+
+        // Consume any unsolicited tool calls, e.g. builtin functions
+        auto unsolicited = p.rule("unsolicited", p.atomic(p.optional(channel) + p.literal(" to=") + content + end));
+
+        auto any = p.rule("any", preamble | analysis);
+
+        if (has_response_format) {
+            auto constraint = p.optional(p.space() + p.literal("<|constrain|>") + constrain_type);
+            auto response_format = p.rule("response-format",
+                p.literal("<|channel|>final") + constraint + p.literal("<|message|>") +
+                p.content(p.schema(p.json(), "response-format-schema", inputs.json_schema)));
+
+            return p.zero_or_more(start + analysis) + start + response_format;
+        }
 
-        // Tool call parser
         if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
             auto tool_choice = p.choice();
 
@@ -1014,42 +1012,37 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_temp
                 std::string  name     = function.at("name");
                 const auto & params   = function.at("parameters");
 
-                // Tool call can appear as:
-                // 1. In role header: " to=functions.NAME<|channel|>..."
-                // 2. In channel: "<|channel|>(analysis|commentary) to=functions.NAME..."
-                auto func_name = p.literal(" to=functions.") + p.tool_name(p.literal(name));
-
-                auto channel    = p.literal(CHANNEL_COMMENTARY) | p.literal(CHANNEL_ANALYSIS);
-                auto constraint = p.space() + p.optional(p.literal(CONSTRAIN) + channel_header_content);
+                auto func_name  = p.literal(" to=functions.") + p.tool_name(p.literal(name));
+                auto constraint = p.optional(p.space() + p.literal("<|constrain|>") + constrain_type);
                 auto args       = p.tool_args(p.schema(p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-schema", params));
 
-                // Pattern 1: recipient in role header
-                // " to=functions.NAME<|channel|>(analysis|commentary)[constraint]<|message|>ARGS"
-                auto tool_in_role = p.tool(p.tool_open(func_name + channel) + constraint + MESSAGE + args);
+                // recipient in role header
+                //   <|start|>assistant to=functions.NAME<|channel|>(commentary|analysis)[constraint]<|message|>ARGS
+                auto tool_in_role = p.tool(p.tool_open(func_name + channel + constraint + p.literal("<|message|>")) + args);
 
-                // Pattern 2: recipient in channel header
-                // "<|channel|>(analysis|commentary) to=functions.NAME[constraint]<|message|>ARGS"
-                auto tool_in_channel = p.tool(channel + p.tool_open(func_name + constraint + MESSAGE) + args);
+                // recipient in channel header
+                //   <|channel|>(commentary|analysis) to=functions.NAME[constraint]<|message|>ARGS
+                auto tool_in_channel = p.tool(p.tool_open(channel + func_name + constraint + p.literal("<|message|>")) + args);
 
-                tool_choice |= tool_in_role | tool_in_channel;
+                tool_choice |= p.rule("tool-" + name, tool_in_role | tool_in_channel);
             });
 
-            auto min_calls = inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED ? 1 : 0;
-            auto max_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls ? -1 : 1;
+            auto tool_call  = p.trigger_rule("tool-call", tool_choice);
 
-            auto role_start = p.optional(p.space() + p.literal(START_ASSISTANT));
-            auto tool_call  = p.rule("tool-call", p.repeat(role_start + tool_choice, min_calls, max_calls) + p.end());
+            if (inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED) {
+                return p.zero_or_more(start + any) + start + tool_call;
+            }
 
-            return p.choice({ p.trigger_rule("single-tool", tool_call), p.trigger_rule("tools", p.one_or_more(segment) + tool_call) });
+            return p.zero_or_more(start + any) + start + (tool_call | final_msg);
         }
 
-        return contents;
+        return p.zero_or_more(start + any) + start + (final_msg | unsolicited);
     });
 
     data.parser = parser.save();
 
     if (include_grammar) {
-        data.grammar_lazy = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
+        data.grammar_lazy = !(has_response_format || (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED));
         data.grammar      = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
             foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
                 const auto & function = tool.at("function");
@@ -1060,10 +1053,9 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_temp
         });
 
         data.grammar_triggers = {
-            { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN, "^(?:<\\|start\\|>assistant\\s*)?(\\s+to=functions)"               },
-            { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN, "(?:<\\|end\\|>)(?:<\\|start\\|>assistant\\s*)?(\\s+to=functions)" },
-            { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN,
-             "(?:<\\|start\\|>assistant\\s*)?(<\\|channel\\|>(?:commentary|analysis)\\s+to=functions)"                }
+            { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN, "^\\s+to$" },
+            { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN, "<\\|start\\|>assistant(\\s+to)" },
+            { COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_PATTERN, "<\\|start\\|>assistant(<\\|channel\\|>(?:commentary|analysis)\\s+to)" }
         };
     }
 
@@ -1072,7 +1064,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gpt_oss(const common_chat_temp
 
 // Functionary v3.2 - uses recipient-based format: >>>recipient\n{content}
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                                                   const autoparser::templates_params & inputs) {
+                                                                   const autoparser::generation_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
 
     data.prompt           = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs);
@@ -1093,13 +1085,14 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_
         // Build content parser for >>>all\n{content}
         // When tools are present, content stops before the next ">>>" (tool call)
         // When no tools, content goes until end
-        auto content_until_tool = p.literal(">>>all\n") + p.content(p.until(">>>"));
-        auto content_until_end  = p.literal(">>>all\n") + p.content(p.rest());
+        auto content_until_tool = p.literal("all\n") + p.content(p.until(">>>"));
+        auto content_until_end  = p.literal("all\n") + p.content(p.rest());
+        auto generation_prompt  = p.literal(inputs.generation_prompt);
 
         // If no tools or tool_choice is NONE, just parse content
         if (!has_tools || inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
             // When no tools, just match the prefix and capture everything after
-            return content_until_end + p.end();
+            return generation_prompt + content_until_end + p.end();
         }
 
         // Build tool call parsers for each available function
@@ -1111,7 +1104,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_
 
             // Tool format: >>>function_name\n{json_args}
             auto tool_parser = p.tool(
-                p.tool_open(p.literal(">>>") + p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + p.literal("\n")) +
+                p.tool_open(p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + p.literal("\n")) +
                 p.tool_args(p.schema(p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-schema", schema))
             );
 
@@ -1122,17 +1115,20 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_
         auto tools_only = p.trigger_rule("tools", p.one_or_more(tool_choice));
         auto content_and_tools = content_until_tool + tools_only;
 
+        auto ret = p.eps();
         if (inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED) {
             if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
-                return p.choice({ content_and_tools, tools_only }) + p.end();
+                ret = p.choice({ content_and_tools, tools_only }) + p.end();
+            } else {
+                ret = p.choice({ content_until_tool + tool_choice, tools_only }) + p.end();
             }
-            return p.choice({ content_until_tool + tool_choice, tools_only }) + p.end();
+        } else if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
+            ret = p.choice({ content_and_tools, content_only, tools_only }) + p.end();
+        } else {
+            auto content_and_tool = content_until_tool + tool_choice;
+            ret = p.choice({ content_and_tool, content_only, tool_choice }) + p.end();
         }
-        if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls) {
-            return p.choice({ content_and_tools, content_only, tools_only }) + p.end();
-        }
-        auto content_and_tool = content_until_tool + tool_choice;
-        return p.choice({ content_and_tool, content_only, tool_choice }) + p.end();
+        return generation_prompt + ret;
     });
 
     data.parser = parser.save();
@@ -1162,12 +1158,12 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_functionary_v3_2(const common_
 // Kimi K2 Thinking - uses unique tool call ID format: functions.<name>:<index>
 // The ID contains both the function name and an incrementing counter
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                                          const autoparser::templates_params & inputs) {
+                                                          const autoparser::generation_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
 
-    data.prompt            = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs);
-    data.format            = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
-    data.supports_thinking = true;
+    data.prompt             = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format             = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
+    data.supports_thinking  = true;
     data.preserved_tokens  = {
         "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>",
         "<|tool_calls_section_end|>",
@@ -1182,6 +1178,18 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_temp
     auto extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
     auto include_grammar   = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE;
 
+    const std::string SECTION_BEGIN = "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>";
+    const std::string SECTION_END   = "<|tool_calls_section_end|>";
+    const std::string CALL_BEGIN    = "<|tool_call_begin|>";
+    const std::string ARGS_BEGIN    = "<|tool_call_argument_begin|>";
+    const std::string CALL_END      = "<|tool_call_end|>";
+
+    const std::string THINK_START = "<think>";
+    const std::string THINK_END   = "</think>";
+
+    data.thinking_start_tag = THINK_START;
+    data.thinking_end_tag   = THINK_END;
+
     auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
         // Kimi K2 Thinking format:
         // - Reasoning: <think>{reasoning}</think>
@@ -1193,16 +1201,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_temp
         //   <|tool_calls_section_end|>
         // The ID format is: functions.<function_name>:<counter> where counter is 0, 1, 2, ...
 
-                // Tool call markers
-        const std::string SECTION_BEGIN = "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>";
-        const std::string SECTION_END   = "<|tool_calls_section_end|>";
-        const std::string CALL_BEGIN    = "<|tool_call_begin|>";
-        const std::string ARGS_BEGIN    = "<|tool_call_argument_begin|>";
-        const std::string CALL_END      = "<|tool_call_end|>";
-
-        const std::string THINK_START   = "<think>";
-        const std::string THINK_END     = "</think>";
-
+        // Tool call markers
         auto end = p.end();
 
         // Note: this model is CRAZY. It can diverge from its supposed tool calling pattern in so many ways it's not funny.
@@ -1210,11 +1209,12 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_temp
         auto reasoning = extract_reasoning ? p.optional(THINK_START + p.reasoning(
             p.until_one_of({ THINK_END, "<|tool_calls_section_begin|>", "<|tool_call_begin|>" })) +
             p.optional(p.literal(THINK_END))) : p.eps();
+        auto generation_prompt = p.prefix(inputs.generation_prompt, THINK_START);
 
 
         // Content only parser (no tools)
         if (!has_tools || inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
-            return reasoning + p.content(p.rest()) + end;
+            return generation_prompt + reasoning + p.content(p.rest()) + end;
         }
 
         // Build tool call parsers for each available function
@@ -1250,7 +1250,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_temp
 
         auto content_before_tools = p.content(p.until_one_of({ SECTION_BEGIN, CALL_BEGIN }));
 
-        return reasoning + content_before_tools + tool_calls + end;
+        return generation_prompt + reasoning + content_before_tools + tool_calls + end;
     });
 
     data.parser = parser.save();
@@ -1280,7 +1280,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_kimi_k2(const common_chat_temp
 // - Tool calls: <|tool_call_start|>[function_name(arg1="value1", arg2="value2")]<|tool_call_end|>
 // Tool calls can appear multiple times (parallel tool calls)
 static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_lfm2(const common_chat_template &    tmpl,
-                                                       const autoparser::templates_params & inputs) {
+                                                       const autoparser::generation_params & inputs) {
     common_chat_params data;
 
     data.prompt            = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs);
@@ -1299,13 +1299,16 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_lfm2(const common_chat_templat
     auto extract_reasoning = inputs.reasoning_format != COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
     auto include_grammar   = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE;
 
-
     const std::string TOOL_CALL_START = "<|tool_call_start|>";
     const std::string TOOL_CALL_END   = "<|tool_call_end|>";
     const std::string THINK_START     = "<think>";
     const std::string THINK_END       = "</think>";
-    auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
 
+    data.thinking_start_tag = THINK_START;
+    data.thinking_end_tag   = THINK_END;
+
+    auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
+        auto generation_prompt = p.prefix(inputs.generation_prompt, THINK_START);
         auto end = p.end();
 
         auto reasoning = p.eps();
@@ -1314,7 +1317,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_lfm2(const common_chat_templat
         }
 
         if (!has_tools || inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
-            return reasoning + p.content(p.rest()) + end;
+            return generation_prompt + reasoning + p.content(p.rest()) + end;
         }
 
         auto tool_calls = p.rule("tool-calls",
@@ -1326,7 +1329,7 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_lfm2(const common_chat_templat
 
         auto content = p.content(p.until(TOOL_CALL_START));
 
-        return reasoning + content + tool_calls + end;
+        return generation_prompt + reasoning + content + tool_calls + end;
     });
 
     data.parser = parser.save();
@@ -1350,6 +1353,79 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_lfm2(const common_chat_templat
     return data;
 }
 
+static common_chat_params common_chat_params_init_gigachat_v3(
+        const common_chat_template & tmpl,
+        const autoparser::generation_params & inputs) {
+
+    common_chat_params data;
+
+    data.prompt            = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, inputs);
+    data.format            = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
+    data.supports_thinking = false;
+    data.preserved_tokens  = {
+        "<|message_sep|>\n\n",
+        "<|role_sep|>\n",
+    };
+
+    auto has_tools         = inputs.tools.is_array() && !inputs.tools.empty();
+    auto include_grammar   = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE;
+    const auto *tool_call_start_prefix = "<|message_sep|>\n\nfunction call<|role_sep|>\n";
+
+    auto parser = build_chat_peg_parser([&](common_chat_peg_builder & p) {
+        auto ret = p.eps();
+        if (has_tools && inputs.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE) {
+            // Build a choice of all available tools
+            auto tool_choice = p.choice();
+            for (const auto & tool : inputs.tools) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                std::string name = function.at("name");
+                const auto & schema = function.at("parameters");
+
+                auto tool_name = p.json_member("name", "\"" + p.tool_name(p.literal(name)) + "\"");
+                auto tool_args = p.json_member("arguments", p.tool_args(p.schema(p.json(), "tool-" + name + "-schema", schema)));
+
+                auto tool_open = p.tool_open(p.literal("{") << tool_name);
+
+                tool_choice |= p.rule("tool-" + name, tool_open << "," << tool_args << "}");
+            }
+
+            // Define the tool call structure
+            auto min_calls = inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_REQUIRED ? 1 : 0;
+            auto max_calls = 1; // parallel toolcalls are not supported
+            auto tool_call = p.rule("tool-call", p.literal(tool_call_start_prefix) + tool_choice);
+            auto tool_calls = p.trigger_rule("tool-call-root", p.repeat(tool_call, /* min = */ min_calls, /* max = */ max_calls));
+
+            ret = p.content(p.until("<|message_sep|>\n\n")) << tool_calls;
+        } else {
+            // Content only parser
+            include_grammar = false;
+            ret = p.content(p.rest());
+        }
+
+        return p.literal(inputs.generation_prompt) + ret;
+    });
+
+    data.parser = parser.save();
+
+    if (include_grammar) {
+        data.grammar_lazy = has_tools && inputs.tool_choice == COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_AUTO;
+
+        data.grammar = build_grammar([&](const common_grammar_builder & builder) {
+            foreach_function(inputs.tools, [&](const json & tool) {
+                const auto & function = tool.at("function");
+                auto schema = function.at("parameters");
+                builder.resolve_refs(schema);
+            });
+            parser.build_grammar(builder, data.grammar_lazy);
+        });
+
+        data.grammar_triggers = {
+            {COMMON_GRAMMAR_TRIGGER_TYPE_WORD, tool_call_start_prefix}
+        };
+    }
+    return data;
+}
+
 namespace workaround {
 
 static void map_developer_role_to_system(json & messages) {
@@ -1421,69 +1497,10 @@ static json common_chat_extra_context() {
     return ctx;
 }
 
-static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(const struct common_chat_templates *        tmpls,
-                                                            const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs) {
-    autoparser::templates_params params;
-    params.tools = common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(inputs.tools);
-    const auto & tmpl = params.tools.is_array() && tmpls->template_tool_use
-        ? *tmpls->template_tool_use
-        : *tmpls->template_default;
-    const auto & src = tmpl.source();
-    const auto & caps = tmpl.original_caps();
-    params.messages = render_message_to_json(inputs.messages, tmpl.original_caps());
-    params.add_generation_prompt = inputs.add_generation_prompt;
-    params.tool_choice = inputs.tool_choice;
-    params.reasoning_format = inputs.reasoning_format;
-    params.enable_thinking = inputs.enable_thinking;
-    params.grammar = inputs.grammar;
-    params.now = inputs.now;
-    params.add_bos = tmpls->add_bos;
-    params.add_eos = tmpls->add_eos;
-
-    if (src.find("<|channel|>") == std::string::npos) {
-        // map developer to system for all models except for GPT-OSS
-        workaround::map_developer_role_to_system(params.messages);
-    }
-    workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
-
-    if (!tmpl.original_caps().supports_system_role) {
-        workaround::system_message_not_supported(params.messages);
-    }
-
-    if (tmpl.original_caps().supports_tool_calls) {
-        // some templates will require the content field in tool call messages
-        // to still be non-null, this puts an empty string everywhere where the
-        // content field is null
-        workaround::requires_non_null_content(params.messages);
-    }
-
-    params.extra_context = common_chat_extra_context();
-    for (auto el : inputs.chat_template_kwargs) {
-        params.extra_context[el.first] = json::parse(el.second);
-    }
-
-    if (!inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
-        params.json_schema = json::parse(inputs.json_schema);
-    }
-
-    // if (inputs.parallel_tool_calls && !tmpl.original_caps().supports_parallel_tool_calls) {
-    //     LOG_DBG("Disabling parallel_tool_calls because the template does not support it\n");
-    //     params.parallel_tool_calls = false;
-    // } else {
-    params.parallel_tool_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls;
-    //}
-
-    if (params.tools.is_array()) {
-        if (params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE && !params.grammar.empty()) {
-            throw std::runtime_error("Cannot specify grammar with tools");
-        }
-        if (caps.supports_tool_calls && !caps.supports_tools) {
-            LOG_WRN(
-                "Template supports tool calls but does not natively describe tools. The fallback behaviour used may "
-                "produce bad results, inspect prompt w/ --verbose & consider overriding the template.\n");
-        }
-    }
-
+static std::optional<common_chat_params> try_specialized_template(
+        const common_chat_template &          tmpl,
+        const std::string &                   src,
+        const autoparser::generation_params & params) {
     // Ministral/Mistral Large 3 - uses special reasoning structure fixes, can't use autoparser
     // Note: Mistral Small 3.2 uses [CALL_ID] which Ministral doesn't have, so we can distinguish them
     if (src.find("[SYSTEM_PROMPT]") != std::string::npos && src.find("[TOOL_CALLS]") != std::string::npos &&
@@ -1521,12 +1538,120 @@ static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(const struct common_
         return common_chat_params_init_lfm2(tmpl, params);
     }
 
+    // GigaChatV3 format detection
+    if (src.find("<|role_sep|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|message_sep|>") != std::string::npos &&
+        src.find("<|function_call|>") == std::string::npos) {
+        LOG_DBG("Using specialized template: GigaChatV3\n");
+        return common_chat_params_init_gigachat_v3(tmpl, params);
+    }
+
+    return std::nullopt;
+}
+
+static common_chat_params common_chat_templates_apply_jinja(const struct common_chat_templates *        tmpls,
+                                                            const struct common_chat_templates_inputs & inputs) {
+    autoparser::generation_params params;
+    params.tools = common_chat_tools_to_json_oaicompat(inputs.tools);
+    const auto & tmpl =
+        params.tools.is_array() && tmpls->template_tool_use ? *tmpls->template_tool_use : *tmpls->template_default;
+    const auto & src        = tmpl.source();
+    const auto & caps       = tmpl.original_caps();
+    params.messages         = render_message_to_json(inputs.messages, tmpl.original_caps());
+    params.tool_choice      = inputs.tool_choice;
+    params.reasoning_format = inputs.reasoning_format;
+    params.enable_thinking  = inputs.enable_thinking;
+    params.grammar          = inputs.grammar;
+    params.now              = inputs.now;
+    params.add_bos          = tmpls->add_bos;
+    params.add_eos          = tmpls->add_eos;
+
+    if (src.find("<|channel|>") == std::string::npos) {
+        // map developer to system for all models except for GPT-OSS
+        workaround::map_developer_role_to_system(params.messages);
+    }
+
+    if (!tmpl.original_caps().supports_system_role) {
+        workaround::system_message_not_supported(params.messages);
+    }
+
+    if (tmpl.original_caps().supports_tool_calls) {
+        // some templates will require the content field in tool call messages
+        // to still be non-null, this puts an empty string everywhere where the
+        // content field is null
+        workaround::requires_non_null_content(params.messages);
+    }
+
+    if (tmpl.original_caps().supports_object_arguments) {
+        workaround::func_args_not_string(params.messages);
+    }
+
+    params.add_generation_prompt = false;
+    std::string no_gen_prompt    = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, params);
+    params.add_generation_prompt = true;
+    std::string gen_prompt       = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, params);
+    auto        diff             = calculate_diff_split(no_gen_prompt, gen_prompt);
+    params.generation_prompt     = diff.right;
+
+    params.add_generation_prompt = inputs.add_generation_prompt;
+
+    params.extra_context = common_chat_extra_context();
+    for (auto el : inputs.chat_template_kwargs) {
+        params.extra_context[el.first] = json::parse(el.second);
+    }
+
+    if (!inputs.json_schema.empty()) {
+        params.json_schema = json::parse(inputs.json_schema);
+    }
+
+    params.parallel_tool_calls = inputs.parallel_tool_calls;
+
+    if (params.tools.is_array()) {
+        if (params.tool_choice != COMMON_CHAT_TOOL_CHOICE_NONE && !params.grammar.empty()) {
+            throw std::runtime_error("Cannot specify grammar with tools");
+        }
+        if (caps.supports_tool_calls && !caps.supports_tools) {
+            LOG_WRN(
+                "Template supports tool calls but does not natively describe tools. The fallback behaviour used may "
+                "produce bad results, inspect prompt w/ --verbose & consider overriding the template.\n");
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (inputs.force_pure_content) {
+        LOG_WRN("Forcing pure content template, will not render reasoning or tools separately.");
+        // Create the result structure
+        common_chat_params data;
+        auto params_copy               = params;
+        params_copy.reasoning_format   = COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE;
+        data.prompt                    = common_chat_template_direct_apply(tmpl, params_copy);
+        data.format                    = COMMON_CHAT_FORMAT_PEG_NATIVE;
+        data.generation_prompt         = params.generation_prompt;
+        auto parser                    = build_chat_peg_parser([&params](common_chat_peg_builder &p) {
+            return p.prefix(params.generation_prompt) + p.content(p.rest());
+        });
+        data.parser                    = parser.save();
+        return data;
+    }
+
+    if (auto result = try_specialized_template(tmpl, src, params)) {
+        result->generation_prompt = params.generation_prompt;
+        return *result;
+    }
+
     try {
-        LOG_DBG("Using differential autoparser\n");
+        LOG_DBG("%s: using differential autoparser\n", __func__);
         struct autoparser::autoparser autoparser;
         autoparser.analyze_template(tmpl);
         auto auto_params = autoparser::peg_generator::generate_parser(tmpl, params, autoparser);
         auto_params.supports_thinking = autoparser.reasoning.mode != autoparser::reasoning_mode::NONE;
+        if (auto_params.supports_thinking) {
+            auto_params.thinking_start_tag = autoparser.reasoning.start;
+            auto_params.thinking_end_tag   = autoparser.reasoning.end;
+        }
+        auto_params.generation_prompt = params.generation_prompt;
+        common_peg_arena arena;
+        arena.load(auto_params.parser);
+        LOG_DBG("%s: generated parser:\n%s\n\nparser generation prompt: %s\n", __func__, arena.dump(arena.root()).c_str(), auto_params.generation_prompt.c_str());
         return auto_params;
     } catch (const std::exception & e) {
         throw std::invalid_argument(std::string("Unable to generate parser for this template. Automatic parser generation failed: ") + e.what());
@@ -1624,14 +1749,18 @@ common_chat_msg common_chat_peg_parse(const common_peg_arena &          src_pars
         LOG_DBG("No parser definition detected, assuming pure content parser.");
     }
 
-    LOG_DBG("Parsing PEG input with format %s: %s\n", common_chat_format_name(params.format), input.c_str());
+    const std::string effective_input = params.generation_prompt.empty()
+        ? input
+        : params.generation_prompt + input;
+
+    LOG_DBG("Parsing PEG input with format %s: %s\n", common_chat_format_name(params.format), effective_input.c_str());
 
     common_peg_parse_flags flags = COMMON_PEG_PARSE_FLAG_LENIENT;
     if (params.debug) {
         flags |= COMMON_PEG_PARSE_FLAG_DEBUG;
     }
 
-    common_peg_parse_context ctx(input, flags);
+    common_peg_parse_context ctx(effective_input, flags);
     auto result = parser.parse(ctx);
 
     if (result.fail()) {
@@ -1651,7 +1780,7 @@ common_chat_msg common_chat_peg_parse(const common_peg_arena &          src_pars
             return msg;
         }
         throw std::runtime_error(std::string("Failed to parse input at pos ") + std::to_string(result.end) + ": " +
-                                 input.substr(result.end));
+                                 effective_input.substr(result.end));
     }
 
     common_chat_msg msg;

common/chat.h

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 struct common_chat_templates;
 
 namespace autoparser {
-struct templates_params;
+struct generation_params;
 }  // namespace autoparser
 
 struct common_chat_tool_call {
@@ -204,6 +204,7 @@ struct common_chat_templates_inputs {
     std::map<std::string, std::string>    chat_template_kwargs;
     bool                                  add_bos = false;
     bool                                  add_eos = false;
+    bool                                  force_pure_content = false;
 };
 
 struct common_chat_params {
@@ -211,8 +212,10 @@ struct common_chat_params {
     std::string                         prompt;
     std::string                         grammar;
     bool                                grammar_lazy         = false;
-    bool                                thinking_forced_open = false;
+    std::string                         generation_prompt;
     bool                                supports_thinking    = false;
+    std::string                         thinking_start_tag;  // e.g., "<think>"
+    std::string                         thinking_end_tag;    // e.g., "</think>"
     std::vector<common_grammar_trigger> grammar_triggers;
     std::vector<std::string>            preserved_tokens;
     std::vector<std::string>            additional_stops;
@@ -226,14 +229,14 @@ struct common_chat_parser_params {
     common_reasoning_format reasoning_format     = COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_NONE; // TODO: refactor this to "bool parse_reasoning"
     // Whether reasoning_content should be inlined in the content (e.g. for reasoning_format=deepseek in stream mode)
     bool                    reasoning_in_content = false;
-    bool                    thinking_forced_open = false;
+    std::string             generation_prompt;
     bool                    parse_tool_calls     = true;
     bool                    debug                = false;  // Enable debug output for PEG parser
     common_peg_arena        parser               = {};
     common_chat_parser_params() = default;
     common_chat_parser_params(const common_chat_params & chat_params) {
-        format               = chat_params.format;
-        thinking_forced_open = chat_params.thinking_forced_open;
+        format  = chat_params.format;
+        generation_prompt = chat_params.generation_prompt;
     }
 };
 
@@ -299,7 +302,7 @@ std::map<std::string, bool> common_chat_templates_get_caps(const common_chat_tem
 
 std::string common_chat_template_direct_apply(
     const common_chat_template & tmpl,
-    const autoparser::templates_params & inputs,
+    const autoparser::generation_params & inputs,
     const std::optional<json> & messages_override = std::nullopt,
     const std::optional<json> & tools_override = std::nullopt,
     const std::optional<json> & additional_context = std::nullopt);

common/common.cpp

@@ -359,6 +359,11 @@ bool parse_cpu_mask(const std::string & mask, bool (&boolmask)[GGML_MAX_N_THREAD
 }
 
 void common_init() {
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+    SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8);
+    SetConsoleCP(CP_UTF8);
+#endif
+
     llama_log_set(common_log_default_callback, NULL);
 
 #ifdef NDEBUG
@@ -367,7 +372,7 @@ void common_init() {
     const char * build_type = " (debug)";
 #endif
 
-    LOG_INF("build: %d (%s) with %s for %s%s\n", LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER, LLAMA_COMMIT, LLAMA_COMPILER, LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET, build_type);
+    LOG_DBG("build: %d (%s) with %s for %s%s\n", LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER, LLAMA_COMMIT, LLAMA_COMPILER, LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET, build_type);
 }
 
 std::string common_params_get_system_info(const common_params & params) {
@@ -656,6 +661,97 @@ bool string_parse_kv_override(const char * data, std::vector<llama_model_kv_over
     return true;
 }
 
+static inline bool glob_class_match(const char c, const char * pattern, const char * class_end) {
+    const char * class_start = pattern;
+    bool negated = false;
+
+    if (*class_start == '!') {
+        negated = true;
+        class_start++;
+    }
+
+    // If first character after negation is ']' or '-', treat it as literal
+    if (*class_start == ']' || *class_start == '-') {
+        if (class_start < class_end && *class_start == c) {
+            return !negated;
+        }
+        class_start++;
+    }
+
+    bool matched = false;
+
+    while (class_start < class_end) {
+        if (class_start + 2 < class_end && class_start[1] == '-' && class_start[2] != ']') {
+            char start_char = *class_start;
+            char end_char = class_start[2];
+            if (c >= start_char && c <= end_char) {
+                matched = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            class_start += 3;
+        } else {
+            if (*class_start == c) {
+                matched = true;
+                break;
+            }
+            class_start++;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return negated ? !matched : matched;
+}
+
+// simple glob: * matches non-/ chars, ** matches anything including /, [] matches character class
+static inline bool glob_match(const char * pattern, const char * str) {
+    if (*pattern == '\0') {
+        return *str == '\0';
+    }
+    if (pattern[0] == '*' && pattern[1] == '*') {
+        const char * p = pattern + 2;
+        if (glob_match(p, str)) return true;
+        if (*str != '\0') return glob_match(pattern, str + 1);
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (*pattern == '*') {
+        const char * p = pattern + 1;
+        for (; *str != '\0' && *str != '/'; str++) {
+            if (glob_match(p, str)) return true;
+        }
+        return glob_match(p, str);
+    }
+    if (*pattern == '?' && *str != '\0' && *str != '/') {
+        return glob_match(pattern + 1, str + 1);
+    }
+    if (*pattern == '[') {
+        const char * class_end = pattern + 1;
+        // If first character after '[' is ']' or '-', treat it as literal
+        if (*class_end == ']' || *class_end == '-') {
+            class_end++;
+        }
+        while (*class_end != '\0' && *class_end != ']') {
+            class_end++;
+        }
+        if (*class_end == ']') {
+            if (*str == '\0') return false;
+            bool matched = glob_class_match(*str, pattern + 1, class_end);
+            return matched && glob_match(class_end + 1, str + 1);
+        } else {
+            if (*str == '[') {
+                return glob_match(pattern + 1, str + 1);
+            }
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    if (*pattern == *str) {
+        return glob_match(pattern + 1, str + 1);
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+bool glob_match(const std::string & pattern, const std::string & str) {
+    return glob_match(pattern.c_str(), str.c_str());
+}
+
 //
 // Filesystem utils
 //
@@ -1067,7 +1163,7 @@ common_init_result::common_init_result(common_params & params) :
 
     const llama_vocab * vocab = llama_model_get_vocab(model);
 
-    // load and optionally apply lora adapters (must be loaded before context creation)
+    // load and optionally apply lora adapters
     for (auto & la : params.lora_adapters) {
         llama_adapter_lora_ptr lora;
         lora.reset(llama_adapter_lora_init(model, la.path.c_str()));
@@ -1152,6 +1248,9 @@ llama_context * common_init_result::context() {
 }
 
 common_sampler * common_init_result::sampler(llama_seq_id seq_id) {
+    if (seq_id < 0 || seq_id >= (int) pimpl->samplers.size()) {
+        return nullptr;
+    }
     return pimpl->samplers[seq_id].get();
 }
 

common/common.h

@@ -3,12 +3,14 @@
 #pragma once
 
 #include "ggml-opt.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
 #include "llama-cpp.h"
 
 #include <set>
 #include <sstream>
 #include <string>
 #include <string_view>
+#include <variant>
 #include <vector>
 #include <map>
 
@@ -105,6 +107,7 @@ enum llama_example {
     LLAMA_EXAMPLE_FINETUNE,
     LLAMA_EXAMPLE_FIT_PARAMS,
     LLAMA_EXAMPLE_RESULTS,
+    LLAMA_EXAMPLE_EXPORT_GRAPH_OPS,
 
     LLAMA_EXAMPLE_COUNT,
 };
@@ -177,6 +180,43 @@ enum common_speculative_type {
     COMMON_SPECULATIVE_TYPE_COUNT          // number of types, unknown type
 };
 
+// Grammar type enumeration
+enum common_grammar_type {
+    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_NONE,           // no grammar set
+    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_USER,           // user-provided GBNF (--grammar / "grammar" API field)
+    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_OUTPUT_FORMAT,  // auto-generated from JSON schema (--json-schema / "json_schema" API field)
+    COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_TOOL_CALLS,     // auto-generated by chat template parser for function calling
+};
+
+// Grammar variant struct with type and grammar string
+struct common_grammar {
+    common_grammar_type type = COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_NONE;
+    std::string grammar;
+
+    // Default constructor - no grammar
+    common_grammar() = default;
+
+    // Constructor with type and grammar string
+    common_grammar(common_grammar_type t, std::string g) : type(t), grammar(std::move(g)) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(type != COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_NONE || !grammar.empty());
+    }
+
+    // Check if a grammar is set
+    bool empty() const { return type == COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_NONE || grammar.empty(); }
+};
+
+// Returns the raw grammar string, or empty string if no grammar is set.
+inline const std::string & common_grammar_value(const common_grammar & g) {
+    return g.grammar;
+}
+
+// Returns true when the generation_prompt should be prefilled into the grammar sampler.
+// Only output-format and tool-call grammars need prefill; user-supplied grammars must not be prefilled.
+inline bool common_grammar_needs_prefill(const common_grammar & g) {
+    return g.type == COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_OUTPUT_FORMAT
+        || g.type == COMMON_GRAMMAR_TYPE_TOOL_CALLS;
+}
+
 // sampling parameters
 struct common_params_sampling {
     uint32_t seed = LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED; // the seed used to initialize llama_sampler
@@ -227,7 +267,7 @@ struct common_params_sampling {
         COMMON_SAMPLER_TYPE_TEMPERATURE,
     };
 
-    std::string                         grammar; // optional BNF-like grammar to constrain sampling
+    common_grammar              grammar;      // optional grammar constraint (user / output-format / tool-calls)
     bool                                grammar_lazy = false;
     std::vector<common_grammar_trigger> grammar_triggers; // optional triggers (for lazy grammars)
     std::set<llama_token>               preserved_tokens;
@@ -235,6 +275,19 @@ struct common_params_sampling {
     std::vector<llama_logit_bias> logit_bias;     // logit biases to apply
     std::vector<llama_logit_bias> logit_bias_eog; // pre-calculated logit biases for EOG tokens
 
+    // The assistant generation prompt already prefilled into the prompt.
+    // Fed to the grammar sampler (to advance past pre-existing tokens) and used
+    // to determine the reasoning budget sampler's initial state.
+    // Only applied when the grammar is of output-format or tool-calls type.
+    std::string generation_prompt;
+
+    // reasoning budget sampler parameters
+    // these are populated by the server/CLI based on chat template params
+    int32_t                  reasoning_budget_tokens   = -1;   // -1 = disabled, >= 0 = token budget
+    std::vector<llama_token> reasoning_budget_start;           // start tag token sequence
+    std::vector<llama_token> reasoning_budget_end;             // end tag token sequence
+    std::vector<llama_token> reasoning_budget_forced;          // forced sequence (message + end tag)
+
     bool backend_sampling = false;
 
     bool has_logit_bias() const {
@@ -520,6 +573,7 @@ struct common_params {
 
     // server params
     int32_t port                = 8080;          // server listens on this network port
+    bool    reuse_port          = false;         // allow multiple sockets to bind to the same port
     int32_t timeout_read        = 600;           // http read timeout in seconds
     int32_t timeout_write       = timeout_read;  // http write timeout in seconds
     int32_t n_threads_http      = -1;    // number of threads to process HTTP requests (TODO: support threadpool)
@@ -535,8 +589,11 @@ struct common_params {
     std::string chat_template = "";                                                                         // NOLINT
     bool use_jinja = true;                                                                                  // NOLINT
     bool enable_chat_template = true;
+    bool force_pure_content_parser = false;
     common_reasoning_format reasoning_format = COMMON_REASONING_FORMAT_DEEPSEEK;
+    int enable_reasoning = -1; // -1 = auto, 0 = disable, 1 = enable
     int reasoning_budget = -1;
+    std::string reasoning_budget_message; // message injected before end tag when budget exhausted
     bool prefill_assistant = true; // if true, any trailing assistant message will be prefilled into the response
     int sleep_idle_seconds = -1;   // if >0, server will sleep after this many seconds of idle time
 
@@ -557,6 +614,9 @@ struct common_params {
     bool endpoint_props   = false; // only control POST requests, not GET
     bool endpoint_metrics = false;
 
+    // enable built-in tools
+    std::vector<std::string> server_tools;
+
     // router server configs
     std::string models_dir    = ""; // directory containing models for the router server
     std::string models_preset = ""; // directory containing model presets for the router server
@@ -734,6 +794,8 @@ std::string string_from(const std::vector<int> & values);
 std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const std::vector<llama_token> & tokens);
 std::string string_from(const struct llama_context * ctx, const struct llama_batch & batch);
 
+bool glob_match(const std::string & pattern, const std::string & str);
+
 //
 // Filesystem utils
 //
@@ -916,7 +978,7 @@ const char * const LLM_KV_SPLIT_TENSORS_COUNT = "split.tensors.count";
 // MoE utils
 //
 
-const char * const LLM_FFN_EXPS_REGEX = "\\.ffn_(up|down|gate)_(ch|)exps";
+const char * const LLM_FFN_EXPS_REGEX = "\\.ffn_(up|down|gate|gate_up)_(ch|)exps";
 
 inline std::string llm_ffn_exps_block_regex(int idx) {
     return string_format("blk\\.%d%s", idx, LLM_FFN_EXPS_REGEX);

common/download.cpp

@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 #include "arg.h"
 
 #include "common.h"
-#include "gguf.h" // for reading GGUF splits
 #include "log.h"
 #include "download.h"
+#include "hf-cache.h"
 
 #define JSON_ASSERT GGML_ASSERT
 #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@
 #include <map>
 #include <mutex>
 #include <regex>
+#include <unordered_set>
 #include <string>
 #include <thread>
 #include <vector>
@@ -35,8 +36,6 @@
 #endif
 #endif
 
-#define LLAMA_MAX_URL_LENGTH 2084 // Maximum URL Length in Chrome: 2083
-
 // isatty
 #if defined(_WIN32)
 #include <io.h>
@@ -51,31 +50,6 @@ using json = nlohmann::ordered_json;
 //
 
 // validate repo name format: owner/repo
-static bool validate_repo_name(const std::string & repo) {
-    static const std::regex repo_regex(R"(^[A-Za-z0-9_.\-]+\/[A-Za-z0-9_.\-]+$)");
-    return std::regex_match(repo, repo_regex);
-}
-
-static std::string get_manifest_path(const std::string & repo, const std::string & tag) {
-    // we use "=" to avoid clashing with other component, while still being allowed on windows
-    std::string fname = "manifest=" + repo + "=" + tag + ".json";
-    if (!validate_repo_name(repo)) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("error: repo name must be in the format 'owner/repo'");
-    }
-    string_replace_all(fname, "/", "=");
-    return fs_get_cache_file(fname);
-}
-
-static std::string read_file(const std::string & fname) {
-    std::ifstream file(fname);
-    if (!file) {
-        throw std::runtime_error(string_format("error: failed to open file '%s'\n", fname.c_str()));
-    }
-    std::string content((std::istreambuf_iterator<char>(file)), std::istreambuf_iterator<char>());
-    file.close();
-    return content;
-}
-
 static void write_file(const std::string & fname, const std::string & content) {
     const std::string fname_tmp = fname + ".tmp";
     std::ofstream     file(fname_tmp);
@@ -132,7 +106,7 @@ static bool is_http_status_ok(int status) {
 
 std::pair<std::string, std::string> common_download_split_repo_tag(const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag) {
     auto parts = string_split<std::string>(hf_repo_with_tag, ':');
-    std::string tag = parts.size() > 1 ? parts.back() : "latest";
+    std::string tag = parts.size() > 1 ? parts.back() : "";
     std::string hf_repo = parts[0];
     if (string_split<std::string>(hf_repo, '/').size() != 2) {
         throw std::invalid_argument("error: invalid HF repo format, expected <user>/<model>[:quant]\n");
@@ -145,6 +119,9 @@ class ProgressBar {
     static inline std::map<const ProgressBar *, int> lines;
     static inline int max_line = 0;
 
+    std::string filename;
+    size_t len = 0;
+
     static void cleanup(const ProgressBar * line) {
         lines.erase(line);
         if (lines.empty()) {
@@ -161,7 +138,23 @@ class ProgressBar {
     }
 
 public:
-    ProgressBar() = default;
+    ProgressBar(const std::string & url = "") : filename(url) {
+        if (auto pos = filename.rfind('/'); pos != std::string::npos) {
+            filename = filename.substr(pos + 1);
+        }
+        if (auto pos = filename.find('?'); pos != std::string::npos) {
+            filename = filename.substr(0, pos);
+        }
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < filename.size(); ++i) {
+            if ((filename[i] & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+                if (len++ == 39) {
+                    filename.resize(i);
+                    filename += "…";
+                    break;
+                }
+            }
+        }
+    }
 
     ~ProgressBar() {
         std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex);
@@ -169,11 +162,7 @@ public:
     }
 
     void update(size_t current, size_t total) {
-        if (!is_output_a_tty()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        if (!total) {
+        if (!total || !is_output_a_tty()) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -185,28 +174,27 @@ public:
         }
         int lines_up = max_line - lines[this];
 
-        size_t width = 50;
+        size_t bar = 55 - len;
         size_t pct = (100 * current) / total;
-        size_t pos = (width * current) / total;
-
-        std::cout << "\033[s";
+        size_t pos = (bar * current) / total;
 
         if (lines_up > 0) {
             std::cout << "\033[" << lines_up << "A";
         }
-        std::cout << "\033[2K\r["
-            << std::string(pos, '=')
-            << (pos < width ? ">" : "")
-            << std::string(width - pos, ' ')
-            << "] " << std::setw(3) << pct << "%  ("
-            << current / (1024 * 1024) << " MB / "
-            << total / (1024 * 1024) << " MB) "
-            << "\033[u";
+        std::cout << '\r' << "Downloading " << filename << " ";
 
-        std::cout.flush();
+        for (size_t i = 0; i < bar; ++i) {
+            std::cout << (i < pos ? "—" : " ");
+        }
+        std::cout << std::setw(4) << pct << "%\033[K";
+
+        if (lines_up > 0) {
+            std::cout << "\033[" << lines_up << "B";
+        }
+        std::cout << '\r' << std::flush;
 
         if (current == total) {
-             cleanup(this);
+            cleanup(this);
         }
     }
 
@@ -234,7 +222,7 @@ static bool common_pull_file(httplib::Client & cli,
     const char * func = __func__; // avoid __func__ inside a lambda
     size_t downloaded = existing_size;
     size_t progress_step = 0;
-    ProgressBar bar;
+    ProgressBar bar(resolve_path);
 
     auto res = cli.Get(resolve_path, headers,
         [&](const httplib::Response &response) {
@@ -290,7 +278,8 @@ static bool common_pull_file(httplib::Client & cli,
 static int common_download_file_single_online(const std::string        & url,
                                               const std::string        & path,
                                               const std::string        & bearer_token,
-                                              const common_header_list & custom_headers) {
+                                              const common_header_list & custom_headers,
+                                              bool                       skip_etag = false) {
     static const int max_attempts        = 3;
     static const int retry_delay_seconds = 2;
 
@@ -310,11 +299,16 @@ static int common_download_file_single_online(const std::string        & url,
 
     const bool file_exists = std::filesystem::exists(path);
 
+    if (file_exists && skip_etag) {
+        LOG_DBG("%s: using cached file: %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+        return 304; // 304 Not Modified - fake cached response
+    }
+
     std::string last_etag;
     if (file_exists) {
         last_etag = read_etag(path);
     } else {
-        LOG_INF("%s: no previous model file found %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+        LOG_DBG("%s: no previous model file found %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
     }
 
     auto head = cli.Head(parts.path);
@@ -348,11 +342,11 @@ static int common_download_file_single_online(const std::string        & url,
 
     if (file_exists) {
         if (etag.empty()) {
-            LOG_INF("%s: using cached file (no server etag): %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+            LOG_DBG("%s: using cached file (no server etag): %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
             return 304; // 304 Not Modified - fake cached response
         }
         if (!last_etag.empty() && last_etag == etag) {
-            LOG_INF("%s: using cached file (same etag): %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+            LOG_DBG("%s: using cached file (same etag): %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
             return 304; // 304 Not Modified - fake cached response
         }
         if (remove(path.c_str()) != 0) {
@@ -361,6 +355,12 @@ static int common_download_file_single_online(const std::string        & url,
         }
     }
 
+    { // silent
+        std::error_code ec;
+        std::filesystem::path p(path);
+        std::filesystem::create_directories(p.parent_path(), ec);
+    }
+
     const std::string path_temporary = path + ".downloadInProgress";
     int delay = retry_delay_seconds;
 
@@ -382,7 +382,7 @@ static int common_download_file_single_online(const std::string        & url,
             }
         }
 
-        LOG_INF("%s: downloading from %s to %s (etag:%s)...\n",
+        LOG_DBG("%s: downloading from %s to %s (etag:%s)...\n",
                 __func__, common_http_show_masked_url(parts).c_str(),
                 path_temporary.c_str(), etag.c_str());
 
@@ -391,7 +391,7 @@ static int common_download_file_single_online(const std::string        & url,
                 LOG_ERR("%s: unable to rename file: %s to %s\n", __func__, path_temporary.c_str(), path.c_str());
                 return -1;
             }
-            if (!etag.empty()) {
+            if (!etag.empty() && !skip_etag) {
                 write_etag(path, etag);
             }
             return head->status;
@@ -440,9 +440,10 @@ int common_download_file_single(const std::string & url,
                                 const std::string & path,
                                 const std::string & bearer_token,
                                 bool offline,
-                                const common_header_list & headers) {
+                                const common_header_list & headers,
+                                bool skip_etag) {
     if (!offline) {
-        return common_download_file_single_online(url, path, bearer_token, headers);
+        return common_download_file_single_online(url, path, bearer_token, headers, skip_etag);
     }
 
     if (!std::filesystem::exists(path)) {
@@ -450,197 +451,311 @@ int common_download_file_single(const std::string & url,
         return -1;
     }
 
-    LOG_INF("%s: using cached file (offline mode): %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
+    LOG_DBG("%s: using cached file (offline mode): %s\n", __func__, path.c_str());
     return 304; // Not Modified - fake cached response
 }
 
-// download multiple files from remote URLs to local paths
-// the input is a vector of pairs <url, path>
-static bool common_download_file_multiple(const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> & urls,
-                                          const std::string & bearer_token,
-                                          bool offline,
-                                          const common_header_list & headers) {
-    // Prepare download in parallel
-    std::vector<std::future<bool>> futures_download;
-    futures_download.reserve(urls.size());
+struct gguf_split_info {
+    std::string prefix; // tag included
+    std::string tag;
+    int index;
+    int count;
+};
 
-    for (auto const & item : urls) {
-        futures_download.push_back(
-            std::async(
-                std::launch::async,
-                [&bearer_token, offline, &headers](const std::pair<std::string, std::string> & it) -> bool {
-                    const int http_status = common_download_file_single(it.first, it.second, bearer_token, offline, headers);
-                    return is_http_status_ok(http_status);
-                },
-                item
-            )
-        );
+static gguf_split_info get_gguf_split_info(const std::string & path) {
+    static const std::regex re_split("^(.+)-([0-9]{5})-of-([0-9]{5})$", std::regex::icase);
+    static const std::regex re_tag("[-.]([A-Z0-9_]+)$", std::regex::icase);
+    std::smatch m;
+
+    std::string prefix = path;
+    if (!string_remove_suffix(prefix, ".gguf")) {
+        return {};
     }
 
-    // Wait for all downloads to complete
-    for (auto & f : futures_download) {
-        if (!f.get()) {
-            return false;
+    int index = 1;
+    int count = 1;
+
+    if (std::regex_match(prefix, m, re_split)) {
+        index = std::stoi(m[2].str());
+        count = std::stoi(m[3].str());
+        prefix = m[1].str();
+    }
+
+    std::string tag;
+    if (std::regex_search(prefix, m, re_tag)) {
+        tag = m[1].str();
+        for (char & c : tag) {
+            c = std::toupper((unsigned char)c);
         }
     }
 
-    return true;
+    return {std::move(prefix), std::move(tag), index, count};
 }
 
-bool common_download_model(const common_params_model & model,
-                           const std::string & bearer_token,
-                           bool offline,
-                           const common_header_list & headers) {
-    // Basic validation of the model.url
-    if (model.url.empty()) {
-        LOG_ERR("%s: invalid model url\n", __func__);
+// Q4_0 -> 4, F16 -> 16, NVFP4 -> 4, Q8_K_M -> 8, etc
+static int extract_quant_bits(const std::string & filename) {
+    auto split = get_gguf_split_info(filename);
+
+    auto pos = split.tag.find_first_of("0123456789");
+    if (pos == std::string::npos) {
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    return std::stoi(split.tag.substr(pos));
+}
+
+static hf_cache::hf_files get_split_files(const hf_cache::hf_files & files,
+                                          const hf_cache::hf_file  & file) {
+    auto split = get_gguf_split_info(file.path);
+
+    if (split.count <= 1) {
+        return {file};
+    }
+    hf_cache::hf_files result;
+
+    for (const auto & f : files) {
+        auto split_f = get_gguf_split_info(f.path);
+        if (split_f.count == split.count && split_f.prefix == split.prefix) {
+            result.push_back(f);
+        }
+    }
+    return result;
+}
+
+static hf_cache::hf_file find_best_mmproj(const hf_cache::hf_files & files,
+                                          const std::string        & model) {
+    hf_cache::hf_file best;
+    size_t best_depth = 0;
+    int best_diff = 0;
+    bool found = false;
+
+    auto model_bits = extract_quant_bits(model);
+    auto model_parts = string_split<std::string>(model, '/');
+    auto model_dir = model_parts.end() - 1;
+
+    for (const auto & f : files) {
+        if (!string_ends_with(f.path, ".gguf") ||
+            f.path.find("mmproj") == std::string::npos) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        auto mmproj_parts = string_split<std::string>(f.path, '/');
+        auto mmproj_dir = mmproj_parts.end() - 1;
+
+        auto [_, dir] = std::mismatch(model_parts.begin(), model_dir,
+                                      mmproj_parts.begin(), mmproj_dir);
+        if (dir != mmproj_dir) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        size_t depth = dir - mmproj_parts.begin();
+        auto bits = extract_quant_bits(f.path);
+        auto diff = std::abs(bits - model_bits);
+
+        if (!found || depth > best_depth || (depth == best_depth && diff < best_diff)) {
+            best = f;
+            best_depth = depth;
+            best_diff = diff;
+            found = true;
+        }
+    }
+    return best;
+}
+
+static bool gguf_filename_is_model(const std::string & filepath) {
+    if (!string_ends_with(filepath, ".gguf")) {
         return false;
     }
 
-    const int http_status = common_download_file_single(model.url, model.path, bearer_token, offline, headers);
-    if (!is_http_status_ok(http_status)) {
-        return false;
+    std::string filename = filepath;
+    if (auto pos = filename.rfind('/'); pos != std::string::npos) {
+        filename = filename.substr(pos + 1);
     }
 
-    // check for additional GGUFs split to download
-    int n_split = 0;
-    {
-        struct gguf_init_params gguf_params = {
-            /*.no_alloc = */ true,
-            /*.ctx      = */ NULL,
-        };
-        auto * ctx_gguf = gguf_init_from_file(model.path.c_str(), gguf_params);
-        if (!ctx_gguf) {
-            LOG_ERR("\n%s:  failed to load input GGUF from %s\n", __func__, model.path.c_str());
-            return false;
-        }
-
-        auto key_n_split = gguf_find_key(ctx_gguf, LLM_KV_SPLIT_COUNT);
-        if (key_n_split >= 0) {
-            n_split = gguf_get_val_u16(ctx_gguf, key_n_split);
-        }
-
-        gguf_free(ctx_gguf);
-    }
-
-    if (n_split > 1) {
-        char split_prefix[PATH_MAX] = {0};
-        char split_url_prefix[LLAMA_MAX_URL_LENGTH] = {0};
-
-        // Verify the first split file format
-        // and extract split URL and PATH prefixes
-        {
-            if (!llama_split_prefix(split_prefix, sizeof(split_prefix), model.path.c_str(), 0, n_split)) {
-                LOG_ERR("\n%s: unexpected model file name: %s n_split=%d\n", __func__, model.path.c_str(), n_split);
-                return false;
-            }
-
-            if (!llama_split_prefix(split_url_prefix, sizeof(split_url_prefix), model.url.c_str(), 0, n_split)) {
-                LOG_ERR("\n%s: unexpected model url: %s n_split=%d\n", __func__, model.url.c_str(), n_split);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-
-        std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> urls;
-        for (int idx = 1; idx < n_split; idx++) {
-            char split_path[PATH_MAX] = {0};
-            llama_split_path(split_path, sizeof(split_path), split_prefix, idx, n_split);
-
-            char split_url[LLAMA_MAX_URL_LENGTH] = {0};
-            llama_split_path(split_url, sizeof(split_url), split_url_prefix, idx, n_split);
-
-            if (std::string(split_path) == model.path) {
-                continue; // skip the already downloaded file
-            }
-
-            urls.push_back({split_url, split_path});
-        }
-
-        // Download in parallel
-        common_download_file_multiple(urls, bearer_token, offline, headers);
-    }
-
-    return true;
+    return filename.find("mmproj")  == std::string::npos &&
+           filename.find("imatrix") == std::string::npos;
 }
 
-common_hf_file_res common_get_hf_file(const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag,
-                                      const std::string & bearer_token,
-                                      bool offline,
-                                      const common_header_list & custom_headers) {
-    // the returned hf_repo is without tag
-    auto [hf_repo, tag] = common_download_split_repo_tag(hf_repo_with_tag);
+static hf_cache::hf_file find_best_model(const hf_cache::hf_files & files,
+                                         const std::string        & tag) {
+    std::vector<std::string> tags;
 
-    std::string url = get_model_endpoint() + "v2/" + hf_repo + "/manifests/" + tag;
-
-    // headers
-    common_header_list headers = custom_headers;
-    headers.push_back({"Accept", "application/json"});
-    if (!bearer_token.empty()) {
-        headers.push_back({"Authorization", "Bearer " + bearer_token});
-    }
-    // Important: the User-Agent must be "llama-cpp" to get the "ggufFile" field in the response
-    // User-Agent header is already set in common_remote_get_content, no need to set it here
-
-    // make the request
-    common_remote_params params;
-    params.headers = headers;
-    long res_code = 0;
-    std::string res_str;
-    bool use_cache = false;
-    std::string cached_response_path = get_manifest_path(hf_repo, tag);
-    if (!offline) {
-        try {
-            auto res = common_remote_get_content(url, params);
-            res_code = res.first;
-            res_str = std::string(res.second.data(), res.second.size());
-        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
-            LOG_WRN("error: failed to get manifest at %s: %s\n", url.c_str(), e.what());
-        }
-    }
-    if (res_code == 0) {
-        if (std::filesystem::exists(cached_response_path)) {
-            LOG_WRN("trying to read manifest from cache: %s\n", cached_response_path.c_str());
-            res_str = read_file(cached_response_path);
-            res_code = 200;
-            use_cache = true;
-        } else {
-            throw std::runtime_error(
-                offline ? "error: failed to get manifest (offline mode)"
-                : "error: failed to get manifest (check your internet connection)");
-        }
-    }
-    std::string ggufFile;
-    std::string mmprojFile;
-
-    if (res_code == 200 || res_code == 304) {
-        try {
-            auto j = json::parse(res_str);
-
-            if (j.contains("ggufFile") && j["ggufFile"].contains("rfilename")) {
-                ggufFile = j["ggufFile"]["rfilename"].get<std::string>();
-            }
-            if (j.contains("mmprojFile") && j["mmprojFile"].contains("rfilename")) {
-                mmprojFile = j["mmprojFile"]["rfilename"].get<std::string>();
-            }
-        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
-            throw std::runtime_error(std::string("error parsing manifest JSON: ") + e.what());
-        }
-        if (!use_cache) {
-            // if not using cached response, update the cache file
-            write_file(cached_response_path, res_str);
-        }
-    } else if (res_code == 401) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("error: model is private or does not exist; if you are accessing a gated model, please provide a valid HF token");
+    if (!tag.empty()) {
+        tags.push_back(tag);
     } else {
-        throw std::runtime_error(string_format("error from HF API (%s), response code: %ld, data: %s", url.c_str(), res_code, res_str.c_str()));
+        tags = {"Q4_K_M", "Q4_0"};
     }
 
-    // check response
-    if (ggufFile.empty()) {
-        throw std::runtime_error("error: model does not have ggufFile");
+    for (const auto & t : tags) {
+        std::regex pattern(t + "[.-]", std::regex::icase);
+        for (const auto & f : files) {
+            if (gguf_filename_is_model(f.path) &&
+                std::regex_search(f.path, pattern)) {
+                return f;
+            }
+        }
     }
 
-    return { hf_repo, ggufFile, mmprojFile };
+    for (const auto & f : files) {
+        if (gguf_filename_is_model(f.path)) {
+            return f;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return {};
+}
+
+static void list_available_gguf_files(const hf_cache::hf_files & files) {
+    LOG_INF("Available GGUF files:\n");
+    for (const auto & f : files) {
+        if (string_ends_with(f.path, ".gguf")) {
+            LOG_INF(" - %s\n", f.path.c_str());
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct hf_plan {
+    hf_cache::hf_files model_files;
+    hf_cache::hf_file mmproj;
+};
+
+static hf_plan get_hf_plan(const common_params_model        & model,
+                           const std::string                & token,
+                           const common_download_model_opts & opts) {
+    hf_plan plan;
+    hf_cache::hf_files all;
+
+    auto [repo, tag] = common_download_split_repo_tag(model.hf_repo);
+
+    if (!opts.offline) {
+        all = hf_cache::get_repo_files(repo, token);
+    }
+    if (all.empty()) {
+        all = hf_cache::get_cached_files(repo);
+    }
+    if (all.empty()) {
+        return plan;
+    }
+
+    hf_cache::hf_file primary;
+
+    if (!model.hf_file.empty()) {
+        for (const auto & f : all) {
+            if (f.path == model.hf_file) {
+                primary = f;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+        if (primary.path.empty()) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: file '%s' not found in repository\n", __func__, model.hf_file.c_str());
+            list_available_gguf_files(all);
+            return plan;
+        }
+    } else {
+        primary = find_best_model(all, tag);
+        if (primary.path.empty()) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: no GGUF files found in repository %s\n", __func__, repo.c_str());
+            list_available_gguf_files(all);
+            return plan;
+        }
+    }
+
+    plan.model_files = get_split_files(all, primary);
+
+    if (opts.download_mmproj) {
+        plan.mmproj = find_best_mmproj(all, primary.path);
+    }
+
+    return plan;
+}
+
+struct download_task {
+    std::string url;
+    std::string path;
+};
+
+static std::vector<download_task> get_url_tasks(const common_params_model & model) {
+    auto split = get_gguf_split_info(model.url);
+
+    if (split.count <= 1) {
+        return {{model.url, model.path}};
+    }
+
+    auto filename = split.prefix;
+    if (auto pos = split.prefix.rfind('/'); pos != std::string::npos) {
+        filename = split.prefix.substr(pos + 1);
+    }
+
+    auto parent_path = std::filesystem::path(model.path).parent_path();
+    auto prefix_path = (parent_path / filename).string();
+
+    std::vector<download_task> tasks;
+    for (int i = 1; i <= split.count; i++) {
+        auto suffix = string_format("-%05d-of-%05d.gguf", i, split.count);
+        tasks.push_back({split.prefix + suffix, prefix_path + suffix});
+    }
+    return tasks;
+}
+
+common_download_model_result common_download_model(const common_params_model        & model,
+                                                   const std::string                & bearer_token,
+                                                   const common_download_model_opts & opts,
+                                                   const common_header_list         & headers) {
+    common_download_model_result result;
+    std::vector<download_task> tasks;
+    hf_plan hf;
+
+    bool is_hf = !model.hf_repo.empty();
+
+    if (is_hf) {
+        hf = get_hf_plan(model, bearer_token, opts);
+        for (const auto & f : hf.model_files) {
+            tasks.push_back({f.url, f.local_path});
+        }
+        if (!hf.mmproj.path.empty()) {
+            tasks.push_back({hf.mmproj.url, hf.mmproj.local_path});
+        }
+    } else if (!model.url.empty()) {
+        tasks = get_url_tasks(model);
+    } else {
+        result.model_path = model.path;
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    if (tasks.empty()) {
+        return result;
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::future<bool>> futures;
+    for (const auto & task : tasks) {
+        futures.push_back(std::async(std::launch::async,
+            [&task, &bearer_token, offline = opts.offline, &headers, is_hf]() {
+                int status = common_download_file_single(task.url, task.path, bearer_token, offline, headers, is_hf);
+                return is_http_status_ok(status);
+            }
+        ));
+    }
+
+    for (auto & f : futures) {
+        if (!f.get()) {
+            return {};
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (is_hf) {
+        for (const auto & f : hf.model_files) {
+            hf_cache::finalize_file(f);
+        }
+        result.model_path = hf.model_files[0].final_path;
+
+        if (!hf.mmproj.path.empty()) {
+            result.mmproj_path = hf_cache::finalize_file(hf.mmproj);
+        }
+    } else {
+        result.model_path = model.path;
+    }
+
+    return result;
 }
 
 //
@@ -765,28 +880,21 @@ std::string common_docker_resolve_model(const std::string & docker) {
 }
 
 std::vector<common_cached_model_info> common_list_cached_models() {
-    std::vector<common_cached_model_info> models;
-    const std::string cache_dir = fs_get_cache_directory();
-    const std::vector<common_file_info> files = fs_list(cache_dir, false);
-    for (const auto & file : files) {
-        if (string_starts_with(file.name, "manifest=") && string_ends_with(file.name, ".json")) {
-            common_cached_model_info model_info;
-            model_info.manifest_path = file.path;
-            std::string fname = file.name;
-            string_replace_all(fname, ".json", ""); // remove extension
-            auto parts = string_split<std::string>(fname, '=');
-            if (parts.size() == 4) {
-                // expect format: manifest=<user>=<model>=<tag>=<other>
-                model_info.user  = parts[1];
-                model_info.model = parts[2];
-                model_info.tag   = parts[3];
-            } else {
-                // invalid format
-                continue;
-            }
-            model_info.size = 0; // TODO: get GGUF size, not manifest size
-            models.push_back(model_info);
+    std::unordered_set<std::string> seen;
+    std::vector<common_cached_model_info> result;
+
+    auto files = hf_cache::get_cached_files();
+
+    for (const auto & f : files) {
+        auto split = get_gguf_split_info(f.path);
+        if (split.index != 1 || split.tag.empty() ||
+            split.prefix.find("mmproj") != std::string::npos) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (seen.insert(f.repo_id + ":" + split.tag).second) {
+            result.push_back({f.repo_id, split.tag});
         }
     }
-    return models;
+
+    return result;
 }

common/download.h

@@ -17,54 +17,60 @@ struct common_remote_params {
 // get remote file content, returns <http_code, raw_response_body>
 std::pair<long, std::vector<char>> common_remote_get_content(const std::string & url, const common_remote_params & params);
 
-// split HF repo with tag into <repo, tag>
-// for example: "user/model:tag" -> <"user/model", "tag">
-// if tag is not present, default to "latest"
-// example: "user/model" -> <"user/model", "latest">
+// split HF repo with tag into <repo, tag>, for example:
+// - "ggml-org/models:F16" -> <"ggml-org/models", "F16">
+// tag is optional and can be empty
 std::pair<std::string, std::string> common_download_split_repo_tag(const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag);
 
+// Result of common_list_cached_models
 struct common_cached_model_info {
-    std::string manifest_path;
-    std::string user;
-    std::string model;
+    std::string repo;
     std::string tag;
-    size_t      size = 0; // GGUF size in bytes
-    // return string representation like "user/model:tag"
-    // if tag is "latest", it will be omitted
     std::string to_string() const {
-        return user + "/" + model + (tag == "latest" ? "" : ":" + tag);
+        return repo + ":" + tag;
     }
 };
 
-struct common_hf_file_res {
-    std::string repo; // repo name with ":tag" removed
-    std::string ggufFile;
-    std::string mmprojFile;
+// Options for common_download_model
+struct common_download_model_opts {
+    bool download_mmproj = false;
+    bool offline         = false;
 };
 
-/**
- * Allow getting the HF file from the HF repo with tag (like ollama), for example:
- * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:q4
- * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:Q4_K_M
- * - bartowski/Llama-3.2-3B-Instruct-GGUF:q5_k_s
- * Tag is optional, default to "latest" (meaning it checks for Q4_K_M first, then Q4, then if not found, return the first GGUF file in repo)
- *
- * Return pair of <repo, file> (with "repo" already having tag removed)
- *
- * Note: we use the Ollama-compatible HF API, but not using the blobId. Instead, we use the special "ggufFile" field which returns the value for "hf_file". This is done to be backward-compatible with existing cache files.
- */
-common_hf_file_res common_get_hf_file(
-    const std::string & hf_repo_with_tag,
-    const std::string & bearer_token,
-    bool offline,
-    const common_header_list & headers = {}
-);
+// Result of common_download_model
+struct common_download_model_result {
+    std::string model_path;
+    std::string mmproj_path;
+};
 
-// returns true if download succeeded
-bool common_download_model(
+// Download model from HuggingFace repo or URL
+//
+// input (via model struct):
+// - model.hf_repo: HF repo with optional tag, see common_download_split_repo_tag
+// - model.hf_file: specific file in the repo (requires hf_repo)
+// - model.url: simple download (used if hf_repo is empty)
+// - model.path: local file path
+//
+// tag matching (for HF repos without model.hf_file):
+// - if tag is specified, searches for GGUF matching that quantization
+// - if no tag, searches for Q4_K_M, then Q4_0, then first available GGUF
+//
+// split GGUF: multi-part files like "model-00001-of-00003.gguf" are automatically
+// detected and all parts are downloaded
+//
+// caching:
+// - HF repos: uses HuggingFace cache
+// - URLs: uses ETag-based caching
+//
+// when opts.offline=true, no network requests are made
+// when download_mmproj=true, searches for mmproj in same directory as model or any parent directory
+// then with the closest quantization bits
+//
+// returns result with model_path and mmproj_path (empty on failure)
+common_download_model_result common_download_model(
     const common_params_model & model,
     const std::string & bearer_token,
-    bool offline,
+    const common_download_model_opts & opts = {},
     const common_header_list & headers = {}
 );
 
@@ -73,11 +79,13 @@ std::vector<common_cached_model_info> common_list_cached_models();
 
 // download single file from url to local path
 // returns status code or -1 on error
+// skip_etag: if true, don't read/write .etag files (for HF cache where filename is the hash)
 int common_download_file_single(const std::string & url,
                                 const std::string & path,
                                 const std::string & bearer_token,
                                 bool offline,
-                                const common_header_list & headers = {});
+                                const common_header_list & headers = {},
+                                bool skip_etag = false);
 
 // resolve and download model from Docker registry
 // return local path to downloaded model file

common/hf-cache.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,771 @@
+#include "hf-cache.h"
+
+#include "common.h"
+#include "log.h"
+#include "http.h"
+
+#define JSON_ASSERT GGML_ASSERT
+#include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+#include <filesystem>
+#include <fstream>
+#include <atomic>
+#include <regex> // migration only
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace nl = nlohmann;
+
+#if defined(_WIN32)
+#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
+#ifndef NOMINMAX
+#define NOMINMAX
+#endif
+#define HOME_DIR "USERPROFILE"
+#include <windows.h>
+#else
+#define HOME_DIR "HOME"
+#include <unistd.h>
+#include <pwd.h>
+#endif
+
+namespace hf_cache {
+
+namespace fs = std::filesystem;
+
+static fs::path get_cache_directory() {
+    static const fs::path cache = []() {
+        struct {
+            const char * var;
+            fs::path path;
+        } entries[] = {
+            {"LLAMA_CACHE",           fs::path()},
+            {"HF_HUB_CACHE",          fs::path()},
+            {"HUGGINGFACE_HUB_CACHE", fs::path()},
+            {"HF_HOME",               fs::path("hub")},
+            {"XDG_CACHE_HOME",        fs::path("huggingface") / "hub"},
+            {HOME_DIR,                fs::path(".cache") / "huggingface" / "hub"}
+        };
+        for (const auto & entry : entries) {
+            if (auto * p = std::getenv(entry.var); p && *p) {
+                fs::path base(p);
+                return entry.path.empty() ? base : base / entry.path;
+            }
+        }
+#ifndef _WIN32
+        const struct passwd * pw = getpwuid(getuid());
+
+        if (pw->pw_dir && *pw->pw_dir) {
+            return fs::path(pw->pw_dir) / ".cache" / "huggingface" / "hub";
+        }
+#endif
+        throw std::runtime_error("Failed to determine HF cache directory");
+    }();
+
+    return cache;
+}
+
+static std::string folder_name_to_repo(const std::string & folder) {
+    constexpr std::string_view prefix = "models--";
+    if (folder.rfind(prefix, 0)) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    std::string result = folder.substr(prefix.length());
+    string_replace_all(result, "--", "/");
+    return result;
+}
+
+static std::string repo_to_folder_name(const std::string & repo_id) {
+    constexpr std::string_view prefix = "models--";
+    std::string result = std::string(prefix) + repo_id;
+    string_replace_all(result, "/", "--");
+    return result;
+}
+
+static fs::path get_repo_path(const std::string & repo_id) {
+    return get_cache_directory() / repo_to_folder_name(repo_id);
+}
+
+static bool is_hex_char(const char c) {
+    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'F') ||
+           (c >= 'a' && c <= 'f') ||
+           (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
+}
+
+static bool is_hex_string(const std::string & s, size_t expected_len) {
+    if (s.length() != expected_len) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (const char c : s) {
+        if (!is_hex_char(c)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool is_alphanum(const char c) {
+    return (c >= 'A' && c <= 'Z') ||
+           (c >= 'a' && c <= 'z') ||
+           (c >= '0' && c <= '9');
+}
+
+static bool is_special_char(char c) {
+    return c == '/' || c == '.' || c == '-';
+}
+
+// base chars [A-Za-z0-9_] are always valid
+// special chars [/.-] must be surrounded by base chars
+// exactly one '/' required
+static bool is_valid_repo_id(const std::string & repo_id) {
+    if (repo_id.empty() || repo_id.length() > 256) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    int slash = 0;
+    bool special = true;
+
+    for (const char c : repo_id) {
+        if (is_alphanum(c) || c == '_') {
+            special = false;
+        } else if (is_special_char(c)) {
+            if (special) {
+                return false;
+            }
+            slash += (c == '/');
+            special = true;
+        } else {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return !special && slash == 1;
+}
+
+static bool is_valid_hf_token(const std::string & token) {
+    if (token.length() < 37 || token.length() > 256 ||
+        !string_starts_with(token, "hf_")) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    for (size_t i = 3; i < token.length(); ++i) {
+        if (!is_alphanum(token[i])) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool is_valid_commit(const std::string & hash) {
+    return is_hex_string(hash, 40);
+}
+
+static bool is_valid_oid(const std::string & oid) {
+    return is_hex_string(oid, 40) || is_hex_string(oid, 64);
+}
+
+static bool is_valid_subpath(const fs::path & path, const fs::path & subpath) {
+    if (subpath.is_absolute()) {
+        return false; // never do a / b with b absolute
+    }
+    auto b = fs::absolute(path).lexically_normal();
+    auto t = (b / subpath).lexically_normal();
+    auto [b_end, _] = std::mismatch(b.begin(), b.end(), t.begin(), t.end());
+
+    return b_end == b.end();
+}
+
+static void safe_write_file(const fs::path & path, const std::string & data) {
+    fs::path path_tmp = path.string() + ".tmp";
+
+    if (path.has_parent_path()) {
+        fs::create_directories(path.parent_path());
+    }
+
+    std::ofstream file(path_tmp);
+    file << data;
+    file.close();
+
+    std::error_code ec;
+
+    if (!file.fail()) {
+        fs::rename(path_tmp, path, ec);
+    }
+    if (file.fail() || ec) {
+        fs::remove(path_tmp, ec);
+        throw std::runtime_error("failed to write file: " + path.string());
+    }
+}
+
+static nl::json api_get(const std::string & url,
+                        const std::string & token) {
+    auto [cli, parts] = common_http_client(url);
+
+    httplib::Headers headers = {
+        {"User-Agent", "llama-cpp/" + build_info},
+        {"Accept", "application/json"}
+    };
+
+    if (is_valid_hf_token(token)) {
+        headers.emplace("Authorization", "Bearer " + token);
+    } else if (!token.empty()) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: invalid token, authentication disabled\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    if (auto res = cli.Get(parts.path, headers)) {
+        auto body = res->body;
+
+        if (res->status == 200) {
+            return nl::json::parse(res->body);
+        }
+        try {
+            body = nl::json::parse(res->body)["error"].get<std::string>();
+        } catch (...) { }
+
+        throw std::runtime_error("GET failed (" + std::to_string(res->status) + "): " + body);
+    } else {
+        throw std::runtime_error("HTTPLIB failed: " + httplib::to_string(res.error()));
+    }
+}
+
+static std::string get_repo_commit(const std::string & repo_id,
+                                   const std::string & token) {
+    try {
+        auto endpoint = get_model_endpoint();
+        auto json = api_get(endpoint + "api/models/" + repo_id + "/refs", token);
+
+        if (!json.is_object() ||
+            !json.contains("branches") || !json["branches"].is_array()) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: missing 'branches' for '%s'\n", __func__, repo_id.c_str());
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        fs::path refs_path = get_repo_path(repo_id) / "refs";
+        std::string name;
+        std::string commit;
+
+        for (const auto & branch : json["branches"]) {
+            if (!branch.is_object() ||
+                !branch.contains("name") || !branch["name"].is_string() ||
+                !branch.contains("targetCommit") || !branch["targetCommit"].is_string()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            std::string _name = branch["name"].get<std::string>();
+            std::string _commit = branch["targetCommit"].get<std::string>();
+
+            if (!is_valid_subpath(refs_path, _name)) {
+                LOG_WRN("%s: skip invalid branch: %s\n", __func__, _name.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+            if (!is_valid_commit(_commit)) {
+                LOG_WRN("%s: skip invalid commit: %s\n", __func__, _commit.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (_name == "main") {
+                name = _name;
+                commit = _commit;
+                break;
+            }
+
+            if (name.empty() || commit.empty()) {
+                name = _name;
+                commit = _commit;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (name.empty() || commit.empty()) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: no valid branch for '%s'\n", __func__, repo_id.c_str());
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        safe_write_file(refs_path / name, commit);
+        return commit;
+
+    } catch (const nl::json::exception & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: JSON error: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+hf_files get_repo_files(const std::string & repo_id,
+                        const std::string & token) {
+    if (!is_valid_repo_id(repo_id)) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: invalid repository: %s\n", __func__, repo_id.c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    std::string commit = get_repo_commit(repo_id, token);
+    if (commit.empty()) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: failed to resolve commit for %s\n", __func__, repo_id.c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    fs::path blobs_path = get_repo_path(repo_id) / "blobs";
+    fs::path commit_path = get_repo_path(repo_id) / "snapshots" / commit;
+
+    hf_files files;
+
+    try {
+        auto endpoint = get_model_endpoint();
+        auto json = api_get(endpoint + "api/models/" + repo_id + "/tree/" + commit + "?recursive=true", token);
+
+        if (!json.is_array()) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: response is not an array for '%s'\n", __func__, repo_id.c_str());
+            return {};
+        }
+
+        for (const auto & item : json) {
+            if (!item.is_object() ||
+                !item.contains("type") || !item["type"].is_string() || item["type"] != "file" ||
+                !item.contains("path") || !item["path"].is_string()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            hf_file file;
+            file.repo_id = repo_id;
+            file.path = item["path"].get<std::string>();
+
+            if (!is_valid_subpath(commit_path, file.path)) {
+                LOG_WRN("%s: skip invalid path: %s\n", __func__, file.path.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if (item.contains("lfs") && item["lfs"].is_object()) {
+                if (item["lfs"].contains("oid") && item["lfs"]["oid"].is_string()) {
+                    file.oid = item["lfs"]["oid"].get<std::string>();
+                }
+                if (item["lfs"].contains("size") && item["lfs"]["size"].is_number()) {
+                    file.size = item["lfs"]["size"].get<size_t>();
+                }
+            } else if (item.contains("oid") && item["oid"].is_string()) {
+                file.oid = item["oid"].get<std::string>();
+            }
+            if (file.size == 0 && item.contains("size") && item["size"].is_number()) {
+                file.size = item["size"].get<size_t>();
+            }
+
+            if (!file.oid.empty() && !is_valid_oid(file.oid)) {
+                LOG_WRN("%s: skip invalid oid: %s\n", __func__, file.oid.c_str());
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            file.url = endpoint + repo_id + "/resolve/" + commit + "/" + file.path;
+
+            fs::path final_path = commit_path / file.path;
+            file.final_path = final_path.string();
+
+            if (!file.oid.empty() && !fs::exists(final_path)) {
+                fs::path local_path = blobs_path / file.oid;
+                file.local_path = local_path.string();
+            } else {
+                file.local_path = file.final_path;
+            }
+
+            files.push_back(file);
+        }
+    } catch (const nl::json::exception & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: JSON error: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+    } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+        LOG_ERR("%s: error: %s\n", __func__, e.what());
+    }
+    return files;
+}
+
+static std::string get_cached_ref(const fs::path & repo_path) {
+    fs::path refs_path = repo_path / "refs";
+    if (!fs::is_directory(refs_path)) {
+        return {};
+    }
+    std::string fallback;
+
+    for (const auto & entry : fs::directory_iterator(refs_path)) {
+        if (!entry.is_regular_file()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::ifstream f(entry.path());
+        std::string commit;
+        if (!f || !std::getline(f, commit) || commit.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!is_valid_commit(commit)) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: skip invalid commit: %s\n", __func__, commit.c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (entry.path().filename() == "main") {
+            return commit;
+        }
+        if (fallback.empty()) {
+            fallback = commit;
+        }
+    }
+    return fallback;
+}
+
+hf_files get_cached_files(const std::string & repo_id) {
+    fs::path cache_dir = get_cache_directory();
+    if (!fs::exists(cache_dir)) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    if (!repo_id.empty() && !is_valid_repo_id(repo_id)) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: invalid repository: %s\n", __func__, repo_id.c_str());
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    hf_files files;
+
+    for (const auto & repo : fs::directory_iterator(cache_dir)) {
+        if (!repo.is_directory()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        fs::path snapshots_path = repo.path() / "snapshots";
+
+        if (!fs::exists(snapshots_path)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string _repo_id = folder_name_to_repo(repo.path().filename().string());
+
+        if (!is_valid_repo_id(_repo_id)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        if (!repo_id.empty() && _repo_id != repo_id) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        std::string commit = get_cached_ref(repo.path());
+        fs::path commit_path = snapshots_path / commit;
+
+        if (commit.empty() || !fs::is_directory(commit_path)) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        for (const auto & entry : fs::recursive_directory_iterator(commit_path)) {
+            if (!entry.is_regular_file() && !entry.is_symlink()) {
+                continue;
+            }
+            fs::path path = entry.path().lexically_relative(commit_path);
+
+            if (!path.empty()) {
+                hf_file file;
+                file.repo_id = _repo_id;
+                file.path = path.generic_string();
+                file.local_path = entry.path().string();
+                file.final_path = file.local_path;
+                files.push_back(std::move(file));
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    return files;
+}
+
+std::string finalize_file(const hf_file & file) {
+    static std::atomic<bool> symlinks_disabled{false};
+
+    std::error_code ec;
+    fs::path local_path(file.local_path);
+    fs::path final_path(file.final_path);
+
+    if (local_path == final_path || fs::exists(final_path, ec)) {
+        return file.final_path;
+    }
+
+    if (!fs::exists(local_path, ec)) {
+        return file.final_path;
+    }
+
+    fs::create_directories(final_path.parent_path(), ec);
+
+    if (!symlinks_disabled) {
+        fs::path target = fs::relative(local_path, final_path.parent_path(), ec);
+        if (!ec) {
+            fs::create_symlink(target, final_path, ec);
+        }
+        if (!ec) {
+            return file.final_path;
+        }
+    }
+
+    if (!symlinks_disabled.exchange(true)) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: failed to create symlink: %s\n", __func__, ec.message().c_str());
+        LOG_WRN("%s: switching to degraded mode\n", __func__);
+    }
+
+    fs::rename(local_path, final_path, ec);
+    if (ec) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: failed to move file to snapshots: %s\n", __func__, ec.message().c_str());
+        fs::copy(local_path, final_path, ec);
+        if (ec) {
+            LOG_ERR("%s: failed to copy file to snapshots: %s\n", __func__, ec.message().c_str());
+        }
+    }
+    return file.final_path;
+}
+
+// delete everything after this line, one day
+
+// copied from download.cpp without the tag part
+struct gguf_split_info {
+    std::string prefix; // tag included
+    int index;
+    int count;
+};
+
+static gguf_split_info get_gguf_split_info(const std::string & path) {
+    static const std::regex re_split("^(.+)-([0-9]{5})-of-([0-9]{5})$", std::regex::icase);
+    std::smatch m;
+
+    std::string prefix = path;
+    if (!string_remove_suffix(prefix, ".gguf")) {
+        return {};
+    }
+
+    int index = 1;
+    int count = 1;
+
+    if (std::regex_match(prefix, m, re_split)) {
+        index = std::stoi(m[2].str());
+        count = std::stoi(m[3].str());
+        prefix = m[1].str();
+    }
+
+    return {std::move(prefix), index, count};
+}
+
+static std::pair<std::string, std::string> parse_manifest_name(std::string & filename) {
+    static const std::regex re(R"(^manifest=([^=]+)=([^=]+)=.*\.json$)");
+    std::smatch match;
+    if (std::regex_match(filename, match, re)) {
+        return {match[1].str(), match[2].str()};
+    }
+    return {};
+}
+
+static std::string make_old_cache_filename(const std::string & owner,
+                                           const std::string & repo,
+                                           const std::string & filename) {
+    auto result = owner + "_" + repo + "_" + filename;
+    string_replace_all(result, "/", "_");
+    return result;
+}
+
+struct migrate_file {
+    std::string path;
+    std::string sha256;
+    size_t size;
+    fs::path old_path;
+    fs::path etag_path;
+    const hf_file * file;
+};
+
+using migrate_files = std::vector<migrate_file>;
+
+static bool collect_file(const fs::path    & old_cache,
+                         const std::string & owner,
+                         const std::string & repo,
+                         const std::string & path,
+                         const std::string & sha256,
+                         const hf_files    & files,
+                         migrate_files     & to_migrate) {
+
+    const hf_file * file = nullptr;
+
+    for (const auto & f : files) {
+        if (f.path == path) {
+            file = &f;
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+
+    std::string old_filename = make_old_cache_filename(owner, repo, path);
+    fs::path old_path = old_cache / old_filename;
+    fs::path etag_path = old_path.string() + ".etag";
+
+    if (!fs::exists(old_path)) {
+        if (file && fs::exists(file->final_path)) {
+            return true;
+        }
+        LOG_WRN("%s: %s not found in old cache or HF cache\n", __func__, old_filename.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!file) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: %s not found in current repo\n", __func__, old_filename.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (!sha256.empty() && !file->oid.empty() && sha256 != file->oid) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: %s is not up to date (sha256 mismatch)\n", __func__, old_filename.c_str());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    if (file->size > 0) {
+        size_t size = fs::file_size(old_path);
+        if (size != file->size) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: %s has wrong size %zu (expected %zu)\n", __func__, old_filename.c_str(), size, file->size);
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    to_migrate.push_back({path, sha256, file->size, old_path, etag_path, file});
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool collect_files(const fs::path    & old_cache,
+                          const std::string & owner,
+                          const std::string & repo,
+                          const nl::json    & node,
+                          const hf_files    & files,
+                          migrate_files     & to_migrate) {
+
+    if (!node.contains("rfilename") ||
+        !node.contains("lfs")       ||
+        !node["lfs"].contains("sha256")) {
+        return true;
+    }
+
+    std::string path = node["rfilename"];
+    std::string sha256 = node["lfs"]["sha256"];
+
+    auto split = get_gguf_split_info(path);
+
+    if (split.count <= 1) {
+        return collect_file(old_cache, owner, repo, path, sha256, files, to_migrate);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>> splits;
+
+    for (const auto & f : files) {
+        auto split_f = get_gguf_split_info(f.path);
+        if (split_f.count == split.count && split_f.prefix == split.prefix) {
+            // sadly the manifest only provides the sha256 of the first file (index == 1)
+            // the rest will be verified using the size...
+            std::string f_sha256 = (split_f.index == 1) ? sha256 : "";
+            splits.emplace_back(f.path, f_sha256);
+        }
+    }
+
+    if ((int)splits.size() != split.count) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: expected %d split files but found %d in repo\n", __func__, split.count, (int)splits.size());
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    for (const auto & [f_path, f_sha256] : splits) {
+        if (!collect_file(old_cache, owner, repo, f_path, f_sha256, files, to_migrate)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+    }
+
+    return true;
+}
+
+static bool migrate_file(const migrate_file & file) {
+    std::error_code ec;
+
+    fs::path new_path(file.file->local_path);
+    fs::create_directories(new_path.parent_path(), ec);
+
+    if (!fs::exists(new_path, ec)) {
+        fs::rename(file.old_path, new_path, ec);
+        if (ec) {
+            fs::copy_file(file.old_path, new_path, ec);
+            if (ec) {
+                LOG_ERR("%s: failed to move/copy %s: %s\n", __func__, file.old_path.string().c_str(), ec.message().c_str());
+                return false;
+            }
+        }
+        fs::remove(file.old_path, ec);
+    }
+    fs::remove(file.etag_path, ec);
+
+    std::string filename = finalize_file(*file.file);
+    LOG_INF("%s: migrated %s -> %s\n", __func__, file.old_path.filename().string().c_str(), filename.c_str());
+    return true;
+}
+
+void migrate_old_cache_to_hf_cache(const std::string & token, bool offline) {
+    fs::path old_cache = fs_get_cache_directory();
+    if (!fs::exists(old_cache)) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (offline) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: skipping migration in offline mode (will run when online)\n", __func__);
+        return; // -hf is not going to work
+    }
+
+    bool warned = false;
+
+    for (const auto & entry : fs::directory_iterator(old_cache)) {
+        if (!entry.is_regular_file()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+        auto filename = entry.path().filename().string();
+        auto [owner, repo] = parse_manifest_name(filename);
+
+        if (owner.empty() || repo.empty()) {
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!warned) {
+            warned = true;
+            LOG_WRN("================================================================================\n"
+                    "WARNING: Migrating cache to HuggingFace cache directory\n"
+                    "  Old cache: %s\n"
+                    "  New cache: %s\n"
+                    "This one-time migration moves models previously downloaded with -hf\n"
+                    "from the legacy llama.cpp cache to the standard HuggingFace cache.\n"
+                    "Models downloaded with --model-url are not affected.\n"
+                    "================================================================================\n",
+                    old_cache.string().c_str(), get_cache_directory().string().c_str());
+        }
+
+        auto repo_id = owner + "/" + repo;
+        auto files = get_repo_files(repo_id, token);
+
+        if (files.empty()) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: could not get repo files for %s, skipping\n", __func__, repo_id.c_str());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        migrate_files to_migrate;
+        bool ok = true;
+
+        try {
+            std::ifstream manifest(entry.path());
+            auto json = nl::json::parse(manifest);
+            for (const char * key : {"ggufFile", "mmprojFile"}) {
+                if (json.contains(key)) {
+                    if (!collect_files(old_cache, owner, repo, json[key], files, to_migrate)) {
+                        ok = false;
+                        break;
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+        } catch (const std::exception & e) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: failed to parse manifest %s: %s\n", __func__, filename.c_str(), e.what());
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        if (!ok) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: migration skipped: one or more files failed validation\n", __func__);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        for (const auto & file : to_migrate) {
+            if (!migrate_file(file)) {
+                ok = false;
+                break;
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (!ok) {
+            LOG_WRN("%s: migration failed: could not migrate all files\n", __func__);
+            continue;
+        }
+
+        LOG_INF("%s: migration complete, deleting manifest: %s\n", __func__, entry.path().string().c_str());
+        fs::remove(entry.path());
+    }
+}
+
+} // namespace hf_cache

common/hf-cache.h

@@ -0,0 +1,36 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+// Ref: https://huggingface.co/docs/hub/local-cache.md
+
+namespace hf_cache {
+
+struct hf_file {
+    std::string path;
+    std::string url;
+    std::string local_path;
+    std::string final_path;
+    std::string oid;
+    std::string repo_id;
+    size_t size = 0; // only for the migration
+};
+
+using hf_files = std::vector<hf_file>;
+
+// Get files from HF API
+hf_files get_repo_files(
+    const std::string & repo_id,
+    const std::string & token
+);
+
+hf_files get_cached_files(const std::string & repo_id = {});
+
+// Create snapshot path (link or move/copy) and return it
+std::string finalize_file(const hf_file & file);
+
+// TODO: Remove later
+void migrate_old_cache_to_hf_cache(const std::string & token, bool offline = false);
+
+} // namespace hf_cache

common/jinja/caps.cpp

@@ -75,6 +75,7 @@ std::map<std::string, bool> caps::to_map() const {
         {"supports_parallel_tool_calls", supports_parallel_tool_calls},
         {"supports_system_role", supports_system_role},
         {"supports_preserve_reasoning", supports_preserve_reasoning},
+        {"supports_object_arguments", supports_object_arguments},
     };
 }
 
@@ -158,9 +159,9 @@ caps caps_get(jinja::program & prog) {
         }
     );
 
-    JJ_DEBUG("%s\n", ">>> Running capability check: single tool support");
+    JJ_DEBUG("%s\n", ">>> Running capability check: single tool with object arguments support");
 
-    // case: tools support: single call
+    // case: tools support: single call with object arguments
     caps_try_execute(
         prog,
         [&]() {
@@ -226,9 +227,7 @@ caps caps_get(jinja::program & prog) {
         },
         [&](bool success, value & messages, value & tools) {
             if (!success) {
-                result.supports_tool_calls = false;
-                result.supports_tools = false;
-                return;
+                return; // Nothing can be inferred
             }
 
             auto & tool_name = tools->at(0)->at("function")->at("name");
@@ -242,16 +241,117 @@ caps caps_get(jinja::program & prog) {
             caps_print_stats(tool_calls, "messages[1].tool_calls");
             if (!tool_calls->stats.used) {
                 result.supports_tool_calls = false;
+                return;
+            }
+
+            auto & tool_arg = tool_calls->at(0)->at("function")->at("arguments")->at("arg");
+            caps_print_stats(tool_arg, "messages[1].tool_calls[0].function.arguments.arg");
+            if (tool_arg->stats.used) {
+                result.supports_object_arguments = true;
             }
         }
     );
 
+    if (!result.supports_object_arguments) {
+        JJ_DEBUG("%s\n", ">>> Running capability check: single tool with string arguments support");
+
+        // case: tools support: single call with string arguments
+        caps_try_execute(
+            prog,
+            [&]() {
+                // messages
+                return json::array({
+                    {
+                        {"role", "user"},
+                        {"content", "User message"},
+                    },
+                    {
+                        {"role", "assistant"},
+                        {"content", ""}, // Some templates expect content to be empty with tool calls
+                        {"tool_calls", json::array({
+                            {
+                                {"id", "call00001"},
+                                {"type", "function"},
+                                {"function", {
+                                    {"name", "tool1"},
+                                    {"arguments", R"({"arg": "value"})"}
+                                }}
+                            }
+                        })}
+                    },
+                    {
+                        {"role", "tool"},
+                        {"content", "Tool response"},
+                        {"tool_call_id", "call00001"}
+                    },
+                    {
+                        {"role", "assistant"},
+                        {"content", "The tool response was 'tool response'"}
+                    },
+                    {
+                        {"role", "user"},
+                        {"content", "User message"},
+                    },
+                });
+            },
+            [&]() {
+                // tools
+                return json::array({
+                    {
+                        {"name", "tool"},
+                        {"type", "function"},
+                        {"function", {
+                            {"name", "tool1"},
+                            {"description", "Tool description"},
+                            {"parameters", {
+                                {"type", "object"},
+                                {"properties", {
+                                    {"arg", {
+                                        {"type", "string"},
+                                        {"description", "Arg description"},
+                                    }},
+                                }},
+                                {"required", json::array({ "arg" })},
+                            }},
+                        }},
+                    },
+                });
+            },
+            [&](bool success, value & messages, value & tools) {
+                if (!success) {
+                    result.supports_tool_calls = false;
+                    result.supports_tools = false;
+                    return;
+                }
+
+                auto & tool_name = tools->at(0)->at("function")->at("name");
+                caps_print_stats(tool_name, "tools[0].function.name");
+                caps_print_stats(tools, "tools");
+                if (!tool_name->stats.used) {
+                    result.supports_tools = false;
+                }
+
+                auto & tool_calls = messages->at(1)->at("tool_calls");
+                caps_print_stats(tool_calls, "messages[1].tool_calls");
+                if (!tool_calls->stats.used) {
+                    result.supports_tool_calls = false;
+                    return;
+                }
+            }
+        );
+    }
+
     JJ_DEBUG("%s\n", ">>> Running capability check: parallel tool support");
 
     // case: tools support: parallel calls
     caps_try_execute(
         prog,
         [&]() {
+            json args = json(R"({"arg": "value"})");
+            if (result.supports_object_arguments) {
+                args = json{{"arg", "value"}};
+            }
+
             // messages
             return json::array({
                 {
@@ -267,9 +367,7 @@ caps caps_get(jinja::program & prog) {
                             {"type", "function"},
                             {"function", {
                                 {"name", "tool1"},
-                                {"arguments", {
-                                    {"arg", "value"}
-                                }}
+                                {"arguments", args}
                             }}
                         },
                         {
@@ -277,9 +375,7 @@ caps caps_get(jinja::program & prog) {
                             {"type", "function"},
                             {"function", {
                                 {"name", "tool1"},
-                                {"arguments", {
-                                    {"arg", "value"}
-                                }}
+                                {"arguments", args}
                             }}
                         }
                     })}
@@ -328,7 +424,7 @@ caps caps_get(jinja::program & prog) {
                 return;
             }
 
-            auto & tool_calls = messages->at(1)->at("tool_calls");;
+            auto & tool_calls = messages->at(1)->at("tool_calls");
             caps_print_stats(tool_calls, "messages[1].tool_calls");
 
             // check for second tool call usage

common/jinja/caps.h

@@ -18,6 +18,8 @@ struct caps {
     bool supports_string_content = true;
     bool supports_typed_content = false;
 
+    bool supports_object_arguments = false;
+
     // for reporting on server
     std::map<std::string, bool> to_map() const;
 

common/jinja/parser.cpp

@@ -53,6 +53,13 @@ private:
         return tokens[current + offset];
     }
 
+    const token & next() {
+        if (current >= tokens.size()) {
+            throw parser_exception("Parser Error: Unexpected EOF", source, tokens.empty() ? 0 : tokens.back().pos);
+        }
+        return tokens[current++];
+    }
+
     token expect(token::type type, const std::string&  error) {
         const auto & t = peek();
         if (t.t != type) {
@@ -90,9 +97,9 @@ private:
         size_t start_pos = current;
         switch (peek().t) {
             case token::comment:
-                return mk_stmt<comment_statement>(start_pos, tokens[current++].value);
+                return mk_stmt<comment_statement>(start_pos, next().value);
             case token::text:
-                return mk_stmt<string_literal>(start_pos, tokens[current++].value);
+                return mk_stmt<string_literal>(start_pos, next().value);
             case token::open_statement:
                 return parse_jinja_statement();
             case token::open_expression:
@@ -119,8 +126,7 @@ private:
         }
 
         size_t start_pos = current;
-        std::string name = peek().value;
-        current++; // consume identifier
+        std::string name = next().value;
 
         statement_ptr result;
         if (name == "set") {
@@ -202,7 +208,7 @@ private:
             // Ignore generation blocks (transformers-specific)
             // See https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/pull/30650 for more information.
             result = mk_stmt<noop_statement>(start_pos);
-            current++;
+            ++current;
 
         } else {
             throw std::runtime_error("Unknown statement: " + name);
@@ -217,7 +223,7 @@ private:
         statements body;
 
         if (is(token::equals)) {
-            current++;
+            ++current;
             value = parse_expression_sequence();
         } else {
             // parsing multiline set here
@@ -280,7 +286,7 @@ private:
         exprs.push_back(primary ? parse_primary_expression() : parse_expression());
         bool is_tuple = is(token::comma);
         while (is(token::comma)) {
-            current++; // consume comma
+            ++current; // consume comma
             exprs.push_back(primary ? parse_primary_expression() : parse_expression());
         }
         return is_tuple ? mk_stmt<tuple_literal>(start_pos, std::move(exprs)) : std::move(exprs[0]);
@@ -290,7 +296,7 @@ private:
         // e.g., `message` in `for message in messages`
         auto loop_var = parse_expression_sequence(true); // should be an identifier/tuple
         if (!is_identifier("in")) throw std::runtime_error("Expected 'in'");
-        current++;
+        ++current; // consume 'in'
 
         // `messages` in `for message in messages`
         auto iterable = parse_expression();
@@ -305,7 +311,8 @@ private:
         }
 
         if (is_statement({"else"})) {
-            current += 2;
+            ++current; // consume {%
+            ++current; // consume 'else'
             expect(token::close_statement, "Expected %}");
             while (!is_statement({"endfor"})) {
                 alternate.push_back(parse_any());
@@ -347,7 +354,7 @@ private:
         auto left = parse_logical_and_expression();
         while (is_identifier("or")) {
             size_t start_pos = current;
-            token op = tokens[current++];
+            token op = next();
             left = mk_stmt<binary_expression>(start_pos, op, std::move(left), parse_logical_and_expression());
         }
         return left;
@@ -357,7 +364,7 @@ private:
         auto left = parse_logical_negation_expression();
         while (is_identifier("and")) {
             size_t start_pos = current;
-            auto op = tokens[current++];
+            auto op = next();
             left = mk_stmt<binary_expression>(start_pos, op, std::move(left), parse_logical_negation_expression());
         }
         return left;
@@ -367,7 +374,7 @@ private:
         // Try parse unary operators
         if (is_identifier("not")) {
             size_t start_pos = current;
-            auto op = tokens[current++];
+            auto op = next();
             return mk_stmt<unary_expression>(start_pos, op, parse_logical_negation_expression());
         }
         return parse_comparison_expression();
@@ -382,11 +389,12 @@ private:
             size_t start_pos = current;
             if (is_identifier("not") && peek(1).t == token::identifier && peek(1).value == "in") {
                 op = {token::identifier, "not in", tokens[current].pos};
-                current += 2;
+                ++current; // consume 'not'
+                ++current; // consume 'in'
             } else if (is_identifier("in")) {
-                op = tokens[current++];
+                op = next();
             } else if (is(token::comparison_binary_operator)) {
-                op = tokens[current++];
+                op = next();
             } else break;
             left = mk_stmt<binary_expression>(start_pos, op, std::move(left), parse_additive_expression());
         }
@@ -397,7 +405,7 @@ private:
         auto left = parse_multiplicative_expression();
         while (is(token::additive_binary_operator)) {
             size_t start_pos = current;
-            auto op = tokens[current++];
+            auto op = next();
             left = mk_stmt<binary_expression>(start_pos, op, std::move(left), parse_multiplicative_expression());
         }
         return left;
@@ -407,7 +415,7 @@ private:
         auto left = parse_test_expression();
         while (is(token::multiplicative_binary_operator)) {
             size_t start_pos = current;
-            auto op = tokens[current++];
+            auto op = next();
             left = mk_stmt<binary_expression>(start_pos, op, std::move(left), parse_test_expression());
         }
         return left;
@@ -417,9 +425,9 @@ private:
         auto operand = parse_filter_expression();
         while (is_identifier("is")) {
             size_t start_pos = current;
-            current++;
+            ++current; // consume 'is'
             bool negate = false;
-            if (is_identifier("not")) { current++; negate = true; }
+            if (is_identifier("not")) { ++current; negate = true; }
             auto test_id = parse_primary_expression();
             // FIXME: tests can also be expressed like this: if x is eq 3
             if (is(token::open_paren)) test_id = parse_call_expression(std::move(test_id));
@@ -432,7 +440,7 @@ private:
         auto operand = parse_call_member_expression();
         while (is(token::pipe)) {
             size_t start_pos = current;
-            current++;
+            ++current; // consume pipe
             auto filter = parse_primary_expression();
             if (is(token::open_paren)) filter = parse_call_expression(std::move(filter));
             operand = mk_stmt<filter_expression>(start_pos, std::move(operand), std::move(filter));
@@ -490,7 +498,7 @@ private:
     statement_ptr parse_member_expression(statement_ptr object) {
         size_t start_pos = current;
         while (is(token::dot) || is(token::open_square_bracket)) {
-            auto op = tokens[current++];
+            auto op = next();
             bool computed = op.t == token::open_square_bracket;
             statement_ptr prop;
             if (computed) {
@@ -531,12 +539,15 @@ private:
             statement_ptr step = slices.size() > 2 ? std::move(slices[2]) : nullptr;
             return mk_stmt<slice_expression>(start_pos, std::move(start), std::move(stop), std::move(step));
         }
+        if (slices.empty()) {
+            return mk_stmt<blank_expression>(start_pos);
+        }
         return std::move(slices[0]);
     }
 
     statement_ptr parse_primary_expression() {
         size_t start_pos = current;
-        auto t = tokens[current++];
+        auto t = next();
         switch (t.t) {
             case token::numeric_literal:
                 if (t.value.find('.') != std::string::npos) {
@@ -547,7 +558,7 @@ private:
             case token::string_literal: {
                 std::string val = t.value;
                 while (is(token::string_literal)) {
-                    val += tokens[current++].value;
+                    val += next().value;
                 }
                 return mk_stmt<string_literal>(start_pos, val);
             }
@@ -562,9 +573,9 @@ private:
                 statements vals;
                 while (!is(token::close_square_bracket)) {
                     vals.push_back(parse_expression());
-                    if (is(token::comma)) current++;
+                    if (is(token::comma)) ++current;
                 }
-                current++;
+                ++current;
                 return mk_stmt<array_literal>(start_pos, std::move(vals));
             }
             case token::open_curly_bracket: {
@@ -573,9 +584,9 @@ private:
                     auto key = parse_expression();
                     expect(token::colon, "Expected :");
                     pairs.push_back({std::move(key), parse_expression()});
-                    if (is(token::comma)) current++;
+                    if (is(token::comma)) ++current;
                 }
-                current++;
+                ++current;
                 return mk_stmt<object_literal>(start_pos, std::move(pairs));
             }
             default:

common/jinja/runtime.cpp

@@ -667,8 +667,9 @@ value macro_statement::execute_impl(context & ctx) {
                 if (is_stmt<identifier>(this->args[i])) {
                     // normal parameter
                     std::string param_name = cast_stmt<identifier>(this->args[i])->val;
-                    JJ_DEBUG("  Binding parameter '%s' to argument of type %s", param_name.c_str(), args.get_pos(i)->type().c_str());
-                    macro_ctx.set_val(param_name, args.get_pos(i));
+                    value param_value = args.get_kwarg_or_pos(param_name, i);
+                    JJ_DEBUG("  Binding parameter '%s' to argument of type %s", param_name.c_str(), param_value->type().c_str());
+                    macro_ctx.set_val(param_name, param_value);
                 } else if (is_stmt<keyword_argument_expression>(this->args[i])) {
                     // default argument used as normal parameter
                     auto kwarg = cast_stmt<keyword_argument_expression>(this->args[i]);
@@ -676,8 +677,9 @@ value macro_statement::execute_impl(context & ctx) {
                         throw std::runtime_error("Keyword argument key must be an identifier in macro '" + name + "'");
                     }
                     std::string param_name = cast_stmt<identifier>(kwarg->key)->val;
-                    JJ_DEBUG("  Binding parameter '%s' to argument of type %s", param_name.c_str(), args.get_pos(i)->type().c_str());
-                    macro_ctx.set_val(param_name, args.get_pos(i));
+                    value param_value = args.get_kwarg_or_pos(param_name, i);
+                    JJ_DEBUG("  Binding parameter '%s' to argument of type %s", param_name.c_str(), param_value->type().c_str());
+                    macro_ctx.set_val(param_name, param_value);
                 } else {
                     throw std::runtime_error("Invalid parameter type in macro '" + name + "'");
                 }
@@ -769,10 +771,15 @@ value member_expression::execute_impl(context & ctx) {
     }
 
     JJ_DEBUG("Member expression on object type %s, property type %s", object->type().c_str(), property->type().c_str());
-    ensure_key_type_allowed(property);
-
     value val = mk_val<value_undefined>("object_property");
 
+    if (property->is_undefined()) {
+        JJ_DEBUG("%s", "Member expression property is undefined, returning undefined");
+        return val;
+    }
+
+    ensure_key_type_allowed(property);
+
     if (is_val<value_undefined>(object)) {
         JJ_DEBUG("%s", "Accessing property on undefined object, returning undefined");
         return val;

common/jinja/runtime.h

@@ -263,6 +263,14 @@ struct comment_statement : public statement {
 
 // Expressions
 
+// Represents an omitted expression in a computed member, e.g. `a[]`.
+struct blank_expression : public expression {
+    std::string type() const override { return "BlankExpression"; }
+    value execute_impl(context &) override {
+        return mk_val<value_undefined>();
+    }
+};
+
 struct member_expression : public expression {
     statement_ptr object;
     statement_ptr property;

common/jinja/value.h

@@ -451,7 +451,7 @@ struct value_array_t : public value_t {
     }
 protected:
     virtual bool equivalent(const value_t & other) const override {
-        return typeid(*this) == typeid(other) && is_hashable() && other.is_hashable() && std::equal(val_arr.begin(), val_arr.end(), other.val_arr.begin(), value_equivalence());
+        return typeid(*this) == typeid(other) && is_hashable() && other.is_hashable() && std::equal(val_arr.begin(), val_arr.end(), other.val_arr.begin(), other.val_arr.end(), value_equivalence());
     }
 };
 using value_array = std::shared_ptr<value_array_t>;
@@ -587,7 +587,7 @@ struct value_object_t : public value_t {
     }
 protected:
     virtual bool equivalent(const value_t & other) const override {
-        return typeid(*this) == typeid(other) && is_hashable() && other.is_hashable() && std::equal(val_obj.begin(), val_obj.end(), other.val_obj.begin(), value_equivalence());
+        return typeid(*this) == typeid(other) && is_hashable() && other.is_hashable() && std::equal(val_obj.begin(), val_obj.end(), other.val_obj.begin(), other.val_obj.end(), value_equivalence());
     }
 };
 using value_object = std::shared_ptr<value_object_t>;

common/json-schema-to-grammar.cpp

@@ -416,15 +416,30 @@ private:
                     i++;
                 } else if (c == '(') {
                     i++;
-                    if (i < length) {
-                        if (sub_pattern[i] == '?') {
+                    if (i < length && sub_pattern[i] == '?') {
+                        if (i + 1 < length && sub_pattern[i + 1] == ':') {
+                            i += 2; // skip "?:" for non-capturing group, treat as regular group
+                        } else {
+                            // lookahead/lookbehind (?=, ?!, ?<=, ?<!) - not supported
                             _warnings.push_back("Unsupported pattern syntax");
+                            // skip to matching ')' to avoid UB on empty seq
+                            int depth = 1;
+                            while (i < length && depth > 0) {
+                                if (sub_pattern[i] == '\\' && i + 1 < length) {
+                                    i += 2; // skip escaped character
+                                } else {
+                                    if (sub_pattern[i] == '(') depth++;
+                                    else if (sub_pattern[i] == ')') depth--;
+                                    i++;
+                                }
+                            }
+                            continue;
                         }
                     }
                     seq.emplace_back("(" + to_rule(transform()) + ")", false);
                 } else if (c == ')') {
                     i++;
-                    if (start > 0 && sub_pattern[start - 1] != '(') {
+                    if (start > 0 && sub_pattern[start - 1] != '(' && (start < 2 || sub_pattern[start - 2] != '?' || sub_pattern[start - 1] != ':')) {
                         _errors.push_back("Unbalanced parentheses");
                     }
                     return join_seq();

common/ngram-map.h

@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ struct common_ngram_map_value {
 // statistics of a n-gram
 struct common_ngram_map_key {
     size_t   key_idx;   // index of key n-gram in token-history
-    size_t   stat_idx;  // index of last token of stastistics computation (key_num, values)
+    size_t   stat_idx;  // index of last token of statistics computation (key_num, values)
 
     uint16_t key_num;   // number of occurrences of this key n-gram in token-history
     common_ngram_map_value values[COMMON_NGRAM_MAX_VALUES]; // some known values after the key

common/reasoning-budget.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,264 @@
+#include "reasoning-budget.h"
+#include "common.h"
+#include "unicode.h"
+
+#include "log.h"
+
+#include <cmath>
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <string>
+#include <vector>
+
+struct token_matcher {
+    std::vector<llama_token> tokens;
+    size_t pos = 0;
+
+    bool advance(llama_token token) {
+        if (tokens.empty()) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        if (token == tokens[pos]) {
+            pos++;
+            if (pos >= tokens.size()) {
+                pos = 0;
+                return true;
+            }
+        } else {
+            pos = 0;
+            if (token == tokens[0]) {
+                pos = 1;
+            }
+        }
+        return false;
+    }
+
+    void reset() { pos = 0; }
+};
+
+struct common_reasoning_budget_ctx {
+    const llama_vocab * vocab;
+
+    token_matcher start_matcher;
+    token_matcher end_matcher;
+    std::vector<llama_token> forced_tokens;
+
+    int32_t budget;           // maximum tokens in reasoning block
+    int32_t remaining;        // tokens remaining in budget
+
+    common_reasoning_budget_state state;
+
+    // for forcing
+    size_t force_pos;         // next position in forced_tokens to force
+};
+
+static const char * common_reasoning_budget_name(const struct llama_sampler * /*smpl*/) {
+    return "reasoning-budget";
+}
+
+static void common_reasoning_budget_accept(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token token) {
+    auto * ctx = (common_reasoning_budget_ctx *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    switch (ctx->state) {
+        case REASONING_BUDGET_IDLE:
+        {
+            if (ctx->start_matcher.advance(token)) {
+                ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_COUNTING;
+                ctx->remaining = ctx->budget;
+                LOG_INF("reasoning-budget: activated, budget=%d tokens\n", ctx->budget);
+
+                if (ctx->remaining <= 0) {
+                    ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_FORCING;
+                    ctx->force_pos = 0;
+                    LOG_INF("reasoning-budget: budget=0, forcing immediately\n");
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case REASONING_BUDGET_COUNTING:
+        case REASONING_BUDGET_WAITING_UTF8:
+        {
+            if (ctx->end_matcher.advance(token)) {
+                ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_DONE;
+                LOG_INF("reasoning-budget: deactivated (natural end)\n");
+                break;
+            }
+
+            bool utf8_complete = true;
+            if (ctx->vocab != nullptr) {
+                const std::string piece = common_token_to_piece(ctx->vocab, token, false);
+                utf8_complete = common_utf8_is_complete(piece);
+            }
+
+            if (ctx->state == REASONING_BUDGET_WAITING_UTF8) {
+                if (utf8_complete) {
+                    ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_FORCING;
+                    ctx->force_pos = 0;
+                    ctx->end_matcher.reset();
+                    LOG_INF("reasoning-budget: UTF-8 complete, now forcing end sequence\n");
+                }
+            } else if (ctx->state == REASONING_BUDGET_COUNTING) {
+                ctx->remaining--;
+                if (ctx->remaining <= 0) {
+                    if (utf8_complete) {
+                        ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_FORCING;
+                        ctx->force_pos = 0;
+                        ctx->end_matcher.reset();
+                        LOG_INF("reasoning-budget: budget exhausted, forcing end sequence\n");
+                    } else {
+                        ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_WAITING_UTF8;
+                        ctx->end_matcher.reset();
+                        LOG_INF("reasoning-budget: budget exhausted, waiting for UTF-8 completion\n");
+                    }
+                }
+            }
+            break;
+        }
+        case REASONING_BUDGET_FORCING:
+            ctx->force_pos++;
+            if (ctx->force_pos >= ctx->forced_tokens.size()) {
+                ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_DONE;
+                LOG_INF("reasoning-budget: forced sequence complete, done\n");
+            }
+            break;
+        case REASONING_BUDGET_DONE:
+            break;
+    }
+}
+
+static void common_reasoning_budget_apply(struct llama_sampler * smpl, llama_token_data_array * cur_p) {
+    auto * ctx = (common_reasoning_budget_ctx *) smpl->ctx;
+
+    if (ctx->state != REASONING_BUDGET_FORCING) {
+        // passthrough — don't modify logits
+        return;
+    }
+
+    if (ctx->force_pos >= ctx->forced_tokens.size()) {
+        return;
+    }
+
+    const llama_token forced = ctx->forced_tokens[ctx->force_pos];
+
+    // set all logits to -inf except the forced token
+    for (size_t i = 0; i < cur_p->size; i++) {
+        if (cur_p->data[i].id != forced) {
+            cur_p->data[i].logit = -INFINITY;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+static void common_reasoning_budget_reset(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    auto * ctx = (common_reasoning_budget_ctx *) smpl->ctx;
+    ctx->state = REASONING_BUDGET_IDLE;
+    ctx->remaining = ctx->budget;
+    ctx->start_matcher.reset();
+    ctx->end_matcher.reset();
+    ctx->force_pos = 0;
+}
+
+// forward declaration for use in clone
+static struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_init_state(
+        const struct llama_vocab * vocab, const std::vector<llama_token> & start_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & end_tokens, const std::vector<llama_token> & forced_tokens,
+        int32_t budget, common_reasoning_budget_state initial_state);
+
+static struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_clone(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    const auto * ctx = (const common_reasoning_budget_ctx *) smpl->ctx;
+    return common_reasoning_budget_init_state(
+        ctx->vocab,
+        ctx->start_matcher.tokens,
+        ctx->end_matcher.tokens,
+        ctx->forced_tokens,
+        ctx->budget,
+        ctx->state);
+}
+
+static void common_reasoning_budget_free(struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    delete (common_reasoning_budget_ctx *) smpl->ctx;
+}
+
+static struct llama_sampler_i common_reasoning_budget_i = {
+    /* .name              = */ common_reasoning_budget_name,
+    /* .accept            = */ common_reasoning_budget_accept,
+    /* .apply             = */ common_reasoning_budget_apply,
+    /* .reset             = */ common_reasoning_budget_reset,
+    /* .clone             = */ common_reasoning_budget_clone,
+    /* .free              = */ common_reasoning_budget_free,
+    /* .backend_init      = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_accept    = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_apply     = */ nullptr,
+    /* .backend_set_input = */ nullptr,
+};
+
+static struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_init_state(
+        const struct llama_vocab             * vocab,
+        const std::vector<llama_token>       & start_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token>       & end_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token>       & forced_tokens,
+        int32_t                                budget,
+        common_reasoning_budget_state          initial_state) {
+    // promote COUNTING with budget <= 0 to FORCING
+    if (initial_state == REASONING_BUDGET_COUNTING && budget <= 0) {
+        initial_state = REASONING_BUDGET_FORCING;
+    }
+
+    return llama_sampler_init(
+        /* .iface = */ &common_reasoning_budget_i,
+        /* .ctx   = */ new common_reasoning_budget_ctx {
+            /* .vocab         = */ vocab,
+            /* .start_matcher = */ { start_tokens, 0 },
+            /* .end_matcher   = */ { end_tokens, 0 },
+            /* .forced_tokens = */ forced_tokens,
+            /* .budget        = */ budget,
+            /* .remaining     = */ budget,
+            /* .state         = */ initial_state,
+            /* .force_pos     = */ 0,
+        }
+    );
+}
+
+struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_init(
+        const struct llama_vocab       * vocab,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & start_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & end_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & forced_tokens,
+        int32_t                          budget,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & prefill_tokens) {
+    // Determine initial state from prefill: COUNTING if the prefill begins with
+    // the start sequence but does not also contain the end sequence after it.
+    common_reasoning_budget_state initial_state = REASONING_BUDGET_IDLE;
+    if (!prefill_tokens.empty() && !start_tokens.empty() &&
+            prefill_tokens.size() >= start_tokens.size() &&
+            std::equal(start_tokens.begin(), start_tokens.end(), prefill_tokens.begin())) {
+        initial_state = REASONING_BUDGET_COUNTING;
+        // If the end sequence also follows the start in the prefill, reasoning
+        // was opened and immediately closed — stay IDLE.
+        if (!end_tokens.empty() &&
+                prefill_tokens.size() >= start_tokens.size() + end_tokens.size()) {
+            auto end_start = prefill_tokens.end() - (ptrdiff_t) end_tokens.size();
+            if (end_start >= prefill_tokens.begin() + (ptrdiff_t) start_tokens.size() &&
+                    std::equal(end_tokens.begin(), end_tokens.end(), end_start)) {
+                initial_state = REASONING_BUDGET_IDLE;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+    return common_reasoning_budget_init_state(vocab, start_tokens, end_tokens, forced_tokens, budget, initial_state);
+}
+
+struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_init(
+        const struct llama_vocab       * vocab,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & start_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & end_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & forced_tokens,
+        int32_t                          budget,
+        common_reasoning_budget_state    initial_state) {
+    return common_reasoning_budget_init_state(vocab, start_tokens, end_tokens, forced_tokens, budget, initial_state);
+}
+
+common_reasoning_budget_state common_reasoning_budget_get_state(const struct llama_sampler * smpl) {
+    if (!smpl) {
+        return REASONING_BUDGET_IDLE;
+    }
+    return ((const common_reasoning_budget_ctx *)smpl->ctx)->state;
+}

common/reasoning-budget.h

@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "llama.h"
+
+#include <cstdint>
+#include <vector>
+
+enum common_reasoning_budget_state {
+    REASONING_BUDGET_IDLE,         // waiting for start sequence
+    REASONING_BUDGET_COUNTING,     // counting down tokens
+    REASONING_BUDGET_FORCING,      // forcing budget message + end sequence
+    REASONING_BUDGET_WAITING_UTF8, // budget exhausted, waiting for UTF-8 completion
+    REASONING_BUDGET_DONE,         // passthrough forever
+};
+
+// Creates a reasoning budget sampler that limits token generation inside a
+// reasoning block (e.g. between <think> and </think>).
+//
+// State machine: IDLE -> COUNTING -> WAITING_UTF8 -> FORCING -> DONE
+//   IDLE:         passthrough, watching for start_tokens sequence
+//   COUNTING:     counting down remaining tokens, watching for natural end_tokens
+//   WAITING_UTF8: budget exhausted, allowing tokens to complete a UTF-8 sequence
+//   FORCING:      forces forced_tokens token-by-token (all other logits -> -inf)
+//   DONE:         passthrough forever
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   vocab          - vocabulary (used for UTF-8 boundary detection; can be nullptr)
+//   start_tokens   - token sequence that activates counting
+//   end_tokens     - token sequence for natural deactivation
+//   forced_tokens  - token sequence forced when budget expires
+//   budget         - max tokens allowed in the reasoning block
+//   prefill_tokens - tokens already present in the prompt (generation prompt);
+//                    used to determine the initial state: COUNTING if they begin
+//                    with start_tokens (but don't also end with end_tokens),
+//                    IDLE otherwise. COUNTING with budget <= 0 is promoted to FORCING.
+//
+struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_init(
+        const struct llama_vocab       * vocab,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & start_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & end_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & forced_tokens,
+        int32_t                          budget,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & prefill_tokens = {});
+
+// Variant that takes an explicit initial state (used by tests and clone).
+// COUNTING with budget <= 0 is promoted to FORCING.
+struct llama_sampler * common_reasoning_budget_init(
+        const struct llama_vocab       * vocab,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & start_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & end_tokens,
+        const std::vector<llama_token> & forced_tokens,
+        int32_t                          budget,
+        common_reasoning_budget_state    initial_state);
+
+common_reasoning_budget_state common_reasoning_budget_get_state(const struct llama_sampler * smpl);

common/regex-partial.cpp

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ std::string regex_to_reversed_partial_regex(const std::string & pattern) {
                 auto is_star = *it == '*';
                 ++it;
                 if (is_star) {
-                    if (*it == '?') {
+                    if (it != end && *it == '?') {
                         ++it;
                     }
                 }

common/sampling.cpp

@@ -1,12 +1,17 @@
 #include "sampling.h"
 
 #include "common.h"
+#include "ggml.h"
 #include "log.h"
+#include "reasoning-budget.h"
 
 #include <algorithm>
+#include <cctype>
+#include <climits>
 #include <cmath>
 #include <cstring>
 #include <unordered_map>
+#include <vector>
 
 // the ring buffer works similarly to std::deque, but with a fixed capacity
 // TODO: deduplicate with llama-impl.h
@@ -105,6 +110,7 @@ struct common_sampler {
     common_params_sampling params;
 
     struct llama_sampler * grmr;
+    struct llama_sampler * rbudget;
     struct llama_sampler * chain;
 
     ring_buffer<llama_token> prev;
@@ -184,13 +190,15 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, st
     lparams.no_perf = params.no_perf;
 
     llama_sampler * grmr = nullptr;
+    llama_sampler * rbudget = nullptr;
     llama_sampler * chain = llama_sampler_chain_init(lparams);
 
     std::vector<llama_sampler *> samplers;
 
-    if (params.grammar.compare(0, 11, "%llguidance") == 0) {
+    const std::string & grammar_str = common_grammar_value(params.grammar);
+    if (grammar_str.compare(0, 11, "%llguidance") == 0) {
 #ifdef LLAMA_USE_LLGUIDANCE
-        grmr = llama_sampler_init_llg(vocab, "lark", params.grammar.c_str());
+        grmr = llama_sampler_init_llg(vocab, "lark", grammar_str.c_str());
 #else
         GGML_ABORT("llguidance (cmake -DLLAMA_LLGUIDANCE=ON) is not enabled");
 #endif // LLAMA_USE_LLGUIDANCE
@@ -239,17 +247,57 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, st
             trigger_patterns_c.push_back(regex.c_str());
         }
 
-        if (!params.grammar.empty()) {
+        if (!grammar_str.empty()) {
              if (params.grammar_lazy) {
-                 grmr = llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy_patterns(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root",
+                 grmr = llama_sampler_init_grammar_lazy_patterns(vocab, grammar_str.c_str(), "root",
                          trigger_patterns_c.data(), trigger_patterns_c.size(),
                          trigger_tokens.data(), trigger_tokens.size());
              } else {
-                 grmr = llama_sampler_init_grammar(vocab, params.grammar.c_str(), "root");
+                 grmr = llama_sampler_init_grammar(vocab, grammar_str.c_str(), "root");
              }
         }
     }
 
+    // Feed generation prompt tokens to the grammar sampler so it advances past
+    // tokens the template already placed in the prompt.
+    // Only applies to output-format and tool-call grammars; user-supplied grammars must not be prefilled.
+    std::vector<llama_token> prefill_tokens;
+    if (!params.generation_prompt.empty() && common_grammar_needs_prefill(params.grammar)) {
+        GGML_ASSERT(vocab != nullptr);
+        prefill_tokens = common_tokenize(vocab, params.generation_prompt, false, true);
+        if (!prefill_tokens.empty()) {
+            std::string first_token = common_token_to_piece(vocab, prefill_tokens[0], true);
+            if (std::isspace(first_token[0]) && !std::isspace(params.generation_prompt[0])) {
+                // Some tokenizers will add a space before the first special token, need to remove
+                prefill_tokens = std::vector<llama_token>(prefill_tokens.begin() + 1, prefill_tokens.end());
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (grmr && !params.grammar_lazy) {
+            try {
+                for (const auto & token : prefill_tokens) {
+                    llama_sampler_accept(grmr, token);
+                    LOG_DBG("%s: accepted prefill token (%d)\n", __func__, token);
+                }
+            } catch (std::exception &e) {
+                LOG_ERR("%s: error initializing grammar sampler for grammar:\n%s\n\nGeneration prompt:\n'%s'\n", __func__,
+                    common_grammar_value(params.grammar).c_str(), params.generation_prompt.c_str());
+                throw e;
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    // reasoning budget sampler
+    if (!params.reasoning_budget_start.empty() && !params.reasoning_budget_end.empty()) {
+        rbudget = common_reasoning_budget_init(
+            vocab,
+            params.reasoning_budget_start,
+            params.reasoning_budget_end,
+            params.reasoning_budget_forced,
+            params.reasoning_budget_tokens < 0 ? INT_MAX : params.reasoning_budget_tokens,
+            prefill_tokens);
+    }
+
     if (params.has_logit_bias()) {
         samplers.push_back(llama_sampler_init_logit_bias(llama_vocab_n_tokens(vocab), params.logit_bias.size(), params.logit_bias.data()));
     }
@@ -335,9 +383,16 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_init(const struct llama_model * model, st
         params.backend_sampling = false;
     }
 
+    if (rbudget && params.backend_sampling) {
+        LOG_WRN("%s: backend sampling is not compatible with reasoning budget, disabling\n", __func__);
+
+        params.backend_sampling = false;
+    }
+
     auto * result = new common_sampler {
         /* .params  = */ params,
         /* .grmr    = */ grmr,
+        /* .rbudget = */ rbudget,
         /* .chain   = */ chain,
         /* .prev    = */ ring_buffer<llama_token>(std::max(32, params.n_prev)),
         /* .cur     = */ {},
@@ -353,11 +408,27 @@ void common_sampler_free(struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {
     }
 
     llama_sampler_free(gsmpl->grmr);
+    llama_sampler_free(gsmpl->rbudget);
     llama_sampler_free(gsmpl->chain);
 
     delete gsmpl;
 }
 
+static bool grammar_should_apply(struct common_sampler * gsmpl) {
+    if (!gsmpl->grmr) {
+        return false;
+    }
+    if (!gsmpl->rbudget) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    if (gsmpl->params.grammar_lazy) {
+        // if grammar is lazy, only apply when reasoning budget is not active
+        const auto state = common_reasoning_budget_get_state(gsmpl->rbudget);
+        return state == REASONING_BUDGET_IDLE || state == REASONING_BUDGET_DONE;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
 void common_sampler_accept(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, llama_token token, bool accept_grammar) {
     if (!gsmpl) {
         return;
@@ -365,6 +436,11 @@ void common_sampler_accept(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, llama_token token, boo
 
     const auto tm = gsmpl->tm();
 
+    // grammar_should_apply() checks the reasoning budget state, so calculate this before we accept
+    accept_grammar = accept_grammar && grammar_should_apply(gsmpl);
+
+    llama_sampler_accept(gsmpl->rbudget, token);
+
     if (gsmpl->grmr && accept_grammar) {
         llama_sampler_accept(gsmpl->grmr, token);
     }
@@ -386,6 +462,7 @@ struct common_sampler * common_sampler_clone(common_sampler * gsmpl) {
     return new common_sampler {
         /* .params  = */ gsmpl->params,
         /* .grmr    = */ llama_sampler_clone(gsmpl->grmr),
+        /* .rbudget = */ llama_sampler_clone(gsmpl->rbudget),
         /* .chain   = */ llama_sampler_clone(gsmpl->chain),
         /* .prev    = */ gsmpl->prev,
         /* .cur     = */ gsmpl->cur,
@@ -455,6 +532,7 @@ llama_token common_sampler_sample(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, struct llama_co
     llama_token id = LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL;
 
     auto & grmr  = gsmpl->grmr;
+    auto & rbudget = gsmpl->rbudget;
     auto & chain = gsmpl->chain;
     auto & cur_p = gsmpl->cur_p; // initialized by set_logits
 
@@ -466,7 +544,8 @@ llama_token common_sampler_sample(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, struct llama_co
         if (id != LLAMA_TOKEN_NULL) {
             LOG_DBG("%s: Backend sampler selected token: '%d'. Will not run any CPU samplers\n", __func__, id);
 
-            GGML_ASSERT(!gsmpl->grmr && "using grammar in combination with backend sampling is not supported");
+            GGML_ASSERT(!gsmpl->grmr    && "using grammar in combination with backend sampling is not supported");
+            GGML_ASSERT(!gsmpl->rbudget && "using reasoning budget in combination with backend sampling is not supported");
 
             // TODO: simplify
             gsmpl->cur.resize(1);
@@ -479,7 +558,10 @@ llama_token common_sampler_sample(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, struct llama_co
 
     gsmpl->set_logits(ctx, idx);
 
-    if (grammar_first) {
+    // apply reasoning budget first
+    llama_sampler_apply(rbudget, &cur_p);
+
+    if (grammar_first && grammar_should_apply(gsmpl)) {
         llama_sampler_apply(grmr, &cur_p);
     }
 
@@ -487,7 +569,7 @@ llama_token common_sampler_sample(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, struct llama_co
 
     id = cur_p.data[cur_p.selected].id;
 
-    if (grammar_first) {
+    if (grammar_first || !grammar_should_apply(gsmpl)) {
         return id;
     }
 
@@ -508,7 +590,12 @@ llama_token common_sampler_sample(struct common_sampler * gsmpl, struct llama_co
     // if the token is not valid, sample again, but first apply the grammar sampler and then the sampling chain
     gsmpl->set_logits(ctx, idx);
 
-    llama_sampler_apply(grmr,  &cur_p);
+    llama_sampler_apply(rbudget,  &cur_p);
+
+    if (grammar_should_apply(gsmpl)) {
+        llama_sampler_apply(grmr,  &cur_p);
+    }
+
     llama_sampler_apply(chain, &cur_p);
 
     GGML_ASSERT(cur_p.selected != -1 && "no selected token during sampling - check your sampling configuration");

common/unicode.cpp

@@ -1,8 +1,10 @@
 #include "unicode.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
 #include <cassert>
 #include <stdexcept>
-#include <vector>
 #include <string>
+#include <vector>
 
 // implementation adopted from src/unicode.cpp
 
@@ -67,6 +69,20 @@ utf8_parse_result common_parse_utf8_codepoint(std::string_view input, size_t off
     return utf8_parse_result(utf8_parse_result::INVALID);
 }
 
+bool common_utf8_is_complete(const std::string & s) {
+    if (s.empty()) {
+        return true;
+    }
+    for (int i = 1; i <= std::min(4, (int)s.size()); i++) {
+        unsigned char c = s[s.size() - i];
+        if ((c & 0xC0) != 0x80) {
+            int expected = (c >= 0xF0) ? 4 : (c >= 0xE0) ? 3 : (c >= 0xC0) ? 2 : 1;
+            return i >= expected;
+        }
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
 std::string common_unicode_cpts_to_utf8(const std::vector<uint32_t> & cps) {
     std::string result;
     for (size_t i = 0; i < cps.size(); ++i) {

common/unicode.h

@@ -20,6 +20,9 @@ struct utf8_parse_result {
 // Returns 0 for invalid first bytes
 size_t common_utf8_sequence_length(unsigned char first_byte);
 
+// Check if a string ends with a complete UTF-8 sequence.
+bool common_utf8_is_complete(const std::string & s);
+
 // Parse a single UTF-8 codepoint from input
 utf8_parse_result common_parse_utf8_codepoint(std::string_view input, size_t offset);
 

convert_hf_to_gguf_update.py

@@ -154,6 +154,7 @@ models = [
     {"name": "qwen35",           "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3.5-9B-Instruct", },
     {"name": "joyai-llm",        "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/jdopensource/JoyAI-LLM-Flash", },
     {"name": "kanana2",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/kakaocorp/kanana-2-30b-a3b-instruct-2601", },
+    {"name": "f2llmv2",          "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/codefuse-ai/F2LLM-v2-4B", },
 ]
 
 # some models are known to be broken upstream, so we will skip them as exceptions
@@ -177,6 +178,7 @@ pre_computed_hashes = [
     {"name": "grok-2",    "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/alvarobartt/grok-2-tokenizer", "chkhsh": "66b8d4e19ab16c3bfd89bce5d785fb7e0155e8648708a1f42077cb9fe002c273"},
     # jina-v2-de variants
     {"name": "jina-v2-de", "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/aari1995/German_Semantic_V3", "chkhsh": "b3d1dd861f1d4c5c0d2569ce36baf3f90fe8a102db3de50dd71ff860d91be3df"},
+    {"name": "gpt-2", "tokt": TOKENIZER_TYPE.BPE, "repo": "https://huggingface.co/evilfreelancer/ruGPT3XL", "chkhsh": "0fe1cf6eda062318a1af7270f3331a85c539a01778ff948e24388e949c5282f4"},
 ]
 
 

convert_llama_ggml_to_gguf.py

@@ -112,11 +112,11 @@ class Tensor:
         (n_dims, name_len, dtype) = struct.unpack('<3I', data[offset:offset + 12])
         assert n_dims >= 0 and n_dims <= 4, f'Invalid tensor dimensions {n_dims}'
         assert name_len < 4096, 'Absurd tensor name length'
-        quant = gguf.GGML_QUANT_SIZES.get(dtype)
+        self.dtype = gguf.GGMLQuantizationType(dtype)
+        quant = gguf.GGML_QUANT_SIZES.get(self.dtype)
         assert quant is not None, 'Unknown tensor type'
         (blksize, tysize) = quant
         offset += 12
-        self.dtype= gguf.GGMLQuantizationType(dtype)
         self.dims = struct.unpack(f'<{n_dims}I', data[offset:offset + (4 * n_dims)])
         offset += 4 * n_dims
         self.name = bytes(data[offset:offset + name_len])

convert_lora_to_gguf.py

@@ -128,6 +128,12 @@ class LoraTorchTensor:
         assert dim is None
         return self.shape
 
+    def contiguous(self) -> LoraTorchTensor:
+        return LoraTorchTensor(
+            self._lora_A.contiguous(),
+            self._lora_B.contiguous(),
+        )
+
     def reshape(self, *shape: int | tuple[int, ...]) -> LoraTorchTensor:
         if isinstance(shape[0], tuple):
             new_shape: tuple[int, ...] = shape[0]
@@ -193,10 +199,13 @@ class LoraTorchTensor:
             kwargs = {}
 
         if func is torch.permute:
+            assert len(args)
             return type(args[0]).permute(*args, **kwargs)
         elif func is torch.reshape:
+            assert len(args)
             return type(args[0]).reshape(*args, **kwargs)
         elif func is torch.stack:
+            assert len(args)
             assert isinstance(args[0], Sequence)
             dim = kwargs.get("dim", 0)
             assert dim == 0
@@ -205,6 +214,7 @@ class LoraTorchTensor:
                 torch.stack([b._lora_B for b in args[0]], dim),
             )
         elif func is torch.cat:
+            assert len(args)
             assert isinstance(args[0], Sequence)
             dim = kwargs.get("dim", 0)
             assert dim == 0
@@ -356,7 +366,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
             logger.error(f"Model {hparams['architectures'][0]} is not supported")
             sys.exit(1)
 
-        class LoraModel(model_class):
+        class LoraModel(model_class):  # ty: ignore[unsupported-base]
             model_arch = model_class.model_arch
 
             lora_alpha: float

docs/autoparser.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ The unified auto-parser uses a pure differential, compositional approach (inspir
 **Analysis + Parser Building in Two Steps**:
 
 1. `autoparser::autoparser tmpl_analysis(tmpl)` — runs all differential comparisons and populates the analysis structs
-2. `autoparser::peg_generator::generate_parser(tmpl, params, tmpl_analysis)` — uses the analysis to build a PEG parser and optional GBNF grammar
+2. `autoparser::peg_generator::generate_parser(tmpl, generation_params, tmpl_analysis)` — uses the analysis to build a PEG parser and optional GBNF grammar
 
 ## Data Structures
 
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ All structs are defined in [common/chat-auto-parser.h](common/chat-auto-parser.h
 
 ### `analyze_tools` and its sub-structs
 
-- [common/chat-auto-parser.h:176-194](common/chat-auto-parser.h#L176-L194) — `tool_format_analysis`: `mode` enum, `section_start/end`, `per_call_start/end`, JSON field names (`function_field`, `name_field`, `args_field`, `id_field`, `gen_id_field`), and format flags (`fun_name_is_key`, `tools_array_wrapped`, `uses_python_dicts`)
+- [common/chat-auto-parser.h:176-194](common/chat-auto-parser.h#L176-L194) — `tool_format_analysis`: `mode` enum, `section_start/end`, `per_call_start/end`, JSON field names (`function_field`, `name_field`, `args_field`, `id_field`, `gen_id_field`), and format flags (`fun_name_is_key`, `tools_array_wrapped`)
 - [common/chat-auto-parser.h:196-200](common/chat-auto-parser.h#L196-L200) — `tool_function_analysis`: `name_prefix`, `name_suffix`, `close` markers around function names
 - [common/chat-auto-parser.h:202-210](common/chat-auto-parser.h#L202-L210) — `tool_arguments_analysis`: `start/end` container markers, `name_prefix/suffix`, `value_prefix/suffix`, `separator`
 - [common/chat-auto-parser.h:212-217](common/chat-auto-parser.h#L212-L217) — `tool_id_analysis`: `pos` enum, `prefix`/`suffix` markers around call ID values
@@ -47,12 +47,21 @@ All structs are defined in [common/chat-auto-parser.h](common/chat-auto-parser.h
 | Value           | Description                                                                       |
 |-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | `NONE`          | No reasoning markers detected                                                     |
-| `TAG_BASED`     | Standard tag-based: `<think>...</think>`                                          |
-| `DELIMITER`     | Delimiter-based: reasoning ends at a delimiter (e.g., `[BEGIN FINAL RESPONSE]`)   |
-| `FORCED_OPEN`   | Template ends with open reasoning tag when `enable_thinking=true`                 |
-| `FORCED_CLOSED` | `enable_thinking=false` emits both tags; `enable_thinking=true` emits only start  |
+| `TAG_BASED`     | Tag-based: `<think>...</think>` (start can be empty for delimiter-style formats)  |
 | `TOOLS_ONLY`    | Reasoning only appears in tool call responses, not plain content                  |
 
+**Generation Prompt & Reasoning Prefill**: Computed in `common_chat_templates_apply_jinja` before invoking either the specialized handlers or the auto-parser, by rendering the template twice — once with `add_generation_prompt=false` and once with `add_generation_prompt=true` — and storing the diff suffix as `generation_params::generation_prompt`. This string is propagated into `common_chat_params::generation_prompt` and `common_chat_parser_params::generation_prompt`.
+
+The generation prompt is prepended to model output before PEG parsing via `wrap_for_generation_prompt()`. The portion *before* the reasoning start marker (if any) is prepended as a literal to ensure any boilerplate added by the template is consumed. The full string is also fed to the grammar sampler via `llama_sampler_accept` (stored in `common_params_sampling::grammar_prefill`), advancing the grammar past tokens already in the prompt. It is used to determine the reasoning budget sampler's initial state — COUNTING if the prefill tokens begin with the reasoning start sequence (but don't also contain the end sequence), IDLE otherwise.
+
+**`grammar_prefill`** (`common_params_sampling`): The generation prompt string tokenized and accepted by the grammar sampler at init time. Only applied when `grammar_external` is false (i.e., the grammar was not set explicitly by the user).
+
+Three outcomes for reasoning-prefill handling (in `generate_parser()`):
+
+1. **Start+end in generation prompt** (e.g. `<think></think>\n`): the parser sees reasoning as opened and immediately closed; whitespace-only reasoning content is discarded.
+2. **Only start in generation prompt** (e.g. `<think>\n`): the parser sees reasoning as already open.
+3. **Start marker present but not at the end** (e.g. Apriel's `<|begin_assistant|>` followed by boilerplate): the marker is a template artifact; the start literal is cleared so reasoning uses delimiter-style (end-only). For templates that ignore `add_generation_prompt` (empty diff), the rendered `data.prompt` is used as fallback — but only for non-TOOLS_ONLY modes, since in TOOLS_ONLY the start tag is model-generated and may appear in prior conversation turns.
+
 **`content_mode`**: How the template wraps assistant content.
 
 | Value                    | Description                                                    |
@@ -261,16 +270,16 @@ Text is segmentized into markers and non-marker fragments using `segmentize_mark
 
 - Searches `diff.right` (output with reasoning) for the reasoning content needle
 - Uses PEG parsers to find surrounding markers:
-  - If both pre/post markers found in `diff.right` → `TAG_BASED` (both tags visible in diff = no forced close)
-  - If both found but post marker only in the full output B → `FORCED_CLOSED`
-  - If only post marker found → `DELIMITER`
+  - If both pre/post markers found in `diff.right` → `TAG_BASED`
+  - If both found but post marker only in the full output B → `TAG_BASED` (template forces markers; handled via prefill)
+  - If only post marker found → `TAG_BASED` (delimiter-style, empty start)
 - Sets `reasoning.start` and `reasoning.end`
 
 **R2 — `compare_thinking_enabled()`**: Compares `enable_thinking=false` vs `true` with a generation prompt.
 
-- Detects `FORCED_OPEN`: `enable_thinking=true` adds a non-empty marker at the end of the prompt (where model will start generating) — sets `reasoning.start`, mode = `FORCED_OPEN`
-- Detects `FORCED_CLOSED`: `enable_thinking=false` produces both start+end markers; `enable_thinking=true` produces only start marker
-- Handles the reverse case: if both start and end are still empty, looks for a single-segment diff on each side to extract both markers
+- Detects template-added reasoning markers: `enable_thinking=true` appends a non-empty marker → sets `reasoning.start`, mode = `TAG_BASED`
+- Handles the reverse case (`enable_thinking=false` appends the marker instead): extracts both start (from the preceding segment) and end markers; mode = `TAG_BASED`
+- The reasoning prefill (markers added by the template) is later extracted in `common_chat_templates_apply_jinja` and prepended to model output before parsing
 
 **R3 — `compare_reasoning_scope()`**: Compares assistant message with reasoning+text-content vs reasoning+tool-calls.
 
@@ -343,7 +352,7 @@ Classification logic:
 
 A workaround array in `common/chat-diff-analyzer.cpp` applies post-hoc patches after analysis. Each workaround is a lambda that inspects the template source and overrides analysis results. Current workarounds:
 
-1. **Old Qwen/DeepSeek thinking templates** — source contains `content.split('</think>')`: sets `reasoning.mode = FORCED_OPEN` with `<think>`/`</think>` markers if no reasoning was detected
+1. **Old Qwen/DeepSeek thinking templates** — source contains `content.split('</think>')` but not `<SPECIAL_12>`: sets `reasoning.mode = TAG_BASED` with `<think>`/`</think>` markers if no reasoning was detected
 2. **Granite 3.3** — source contains specific "Write your thoughts" text: forces `TAG_BASED` reasoning with `<think>`/`</think>` and `WRAPPED_WITH_REASONING` content with `<response>`/`</response>`
 3. **Cohere Command R+** — source contains `<|CHATBOT_TOKEN|>`: sets `ALWAYS_WRAPPED` content mode if no content start is already set
 4. **Functionary 3.1** — source contains `set has_code_interpreter`: forces `PLAIN` content, specific `per_call_start/end`, clears preserved tokens to only keep Functionary-specific markers
@@ -355,12 +364,13 @@ Each analyzer struct (`analyze_reasoning`, `analyze_content`, `analyze_tools`) i
 
 #### Reasoning Parser (`analyze_reasoning::build_parser`)
 
-| Mode                              | Parser                                                              |
-|-----------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| Not extracting reasoning          | `eps()`                                                             |
-| `FORCED_OPEN` or `FORCED_CLOSED`  | `reasoning(until(end)) + end` — opening tag was in the prompt       |
-| `TAG_BASED` or `TOOLS_ONLY`       | `optional(start + reasoning(until(end)) + end)`                     |
-| `DELIMITER`                       | `optional(reasoning(until(end)) + end)` — no start marker           |
+| Mode                                          | Parser                                                                    |
+|-----------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| Not extracting reasoning                      | `eps()`                                                                   |
+| `TAG_BASED` or `TOOLS_ONLY` (non-empty start) | `optional(start + reasoning(until(end)) + end + space())`                 |
+| `TAG_BASED` or `TOOLS_ONLY` (empty start)     | `optional(reasoning(until(end)) + end + space())` — delimiter-style       |
+
+Note: The start marker may be empty either because the analyzer detected delimiter-style reasoning, or because `generate_parser()` cleared a template artifact start marker (see Generation Prompt & Reasoning Prefill above). Whitespace-only reasoning content (e.g. from a `<think></think>` prefill) is discarded by the mapper.
 
 #### Content Parser (`analyze_content::build_parser`)
 
@@ -410,9 +420,7 @@ All three tool parsers return:
 reasoning + optional(content(until(trigger_marker))) + tool_calls + end()
 ```
 
-### Python Dict Format
-
-When `format.uses_python_dicts` is true (detected when single-quoted strings appear in JSON argument context), `build_parser()` pre-registers a `json-string` rule that accepts both single-quoted and double-quoted strings. This is done before any `p.json()` call so all JSON parsing inherits the flexible rule.
+Each returned parser is wrapped by `wrap_for_generation_prompt()`, which prepends a literal for any boilerplate prefix of the generation prompt (the portion before the reasoning start marker).
 
 ## Mapper
 
@@ -421,22 +429,22 @@ When `format.uses_python_dicts` is true (detected when single-quoted strings app
 - **Buffered arguments**: Before `tool_name` is known, argument text goes to `args_buffer`; once the name is set, the buffer is flushed to `current_tool->arguments`
 - **`args_target()`**: Returns a reference to whichever destination is currently active (buffer or tool args), eliminating branching
 - **`closing_quote_pending`**: Tracks whether a closing `"` needs to be appended when a string argument value is finalized (for schema-declared string types in tagged format)
-- **Quote normalization**: Python-style quotes (`'key': 'value'`) are converted to JSON (`"key": "value"`)
+- **Whitespace-only reasoning**: Reasoning content that consists entirely of whitespace (e.g. from a `<think></think>` prefill) is cleared so the message shows no reasoning
 - **Brace auto-closing**: At tool close, unclosed `{` braces are closed automatically
 
 ## Files
 
-| File                                      | Purpose                                                              |
-|-------------------------------------------|----------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `common/chat-auto-parser.h`               | All analysis structs, enums, `autoparser`, `peg_generator`, `templates_params` |
-| `common/chat-auto-parser-generator.cpp`   | Parser generator: `generate_parser()` and `build_parser()` methods   |
-| `common/chat-diff-analyzer.cpp`           | Differential analysis implementation and workarounds                 |
-| `common/chat-auto-parser-helpers.h/cpp`   | `calculate_diff_split()`, `segmentize_markers()`,                    |
-|                                           | `compare_variants()`, string helpers                                 |
-| `common/chat-peg-parser.h/cpp`            | `common_chat_peg_builder`, `common_chat_peg_mapper`, and helpers     |
-| `common/chat.cpp`                         | Entry point: `common_chat_templates_apply_jinja()`                   |
-| `tools/parser/debug-template-parser.cpp`  | Debug tool for template analysis                                     |
-| `tools/parser/template-analysis.cpp`      | Template analysis tool                                               |
+| File                                      | Purpose                                                                         |
+|-------------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `common/chat-auto-parser.h`               | All analysis structs, enums, `autoparser`, `peg_generator`, `generation_params` |
+| `common/chat-auto-parser-generator.cpp`   | Parser generator: `generate_parser()` and `build_parser()` methods              |
+| `common/chat-diff-analyzer.cpp`           | Differential analysis implementation and workarounds                            |
+| `common/chat-auto-parser-helpers.h/cpp`   | `calculate_diff_split()`, `segmentize_markers()`, `compare_variants()`,         |
+|                                           | `wrap_for_generation_prompt()`, string helpers                                  |
+| `common/chat-peg-parser.h/cpp`            | `common_chat_peg_builder`, `common_chat_peg_mapper`, and helpers                |
+| `common/chat.cpp`                         | Entry point: `common_chat_templates_apply_jinja()`                              |
+| `tools/parser/debug-template-parser.cpp`  | Debug tool for template analysis                                                |
+| `tools/parser/template-analysis.cpp`      | Template analysis tool                                                          |
 
 ## Testing & Debugging
 
@@ -516,10 +524,10 @@ To support a new template format:
 
 ## Edge Cases and Quirks
 
-1. **Forced Thinking**: When `enable_thinking=true` and the model prompt ends with an open reasoning tag (e.g., `<think>`), the parser enters forced thinking mode and immediately expects reasoning content without waiting for a start marker.
+1. **Generation Prompt & Reasoning Prefill**: The generation prompt is extracted by diffing `add_generation_prompt=false` vs `true` in `common_chat_templates_apply_jinja`, so it contains exactly what the template appends — avoiding false positives from prior conversation turns.
 2. **Per-Call vs Per-Section Markers**: Some templates wrap each tool call individually (`per_call_start/end`); others wrap the entire section (`section_start/end`). T2 (`check_per_call_markers()`) disambiguates by checking if the second call in a two-call output starts with the section marker.
-3. **Python Dict Format**: The Seed template family uses single-quoted JSON (`'key': 'value'`). The `uses_python_dicts` flag causes the PEG builder to register a flexible `json-string` rule accepting both quote styles before any JSON rules are built.
-4. **Tag Boundary Fixing**: `calculate_diff_split()` iteratively adjusts prefix/suffix boundaries to avoid splitting `<tag>` or `[marker]` tokens, ensuring clean extraction.
-5. **Call ID Side Effects**: When a call ID is detected, `per_call_end` may have been incorrectly set to include the call ID suffix. T7 clears `per_call_end` in this case.
-6. **Tool Analysis Gating**: `analyze_tools` is only constructed (and all tool analysis phases run) when `jinja_caps.supports_tool_calls` is true. Within tool analysis, `check_per_call_markers()` (T2) only runs if `jinja_caps.supports_parallel_tool_calls`.
-7. **`analyze_arguments()` Gating**: Within tool analysis, A1 and A2 (argument name/value marker extraction) only run for `TAG_WITH_TAGGED` format. `extract_argument_separator()` and `extract_args_markers()` run for all non-`JSON_NATIVE` formats.
+3. **Tag Boundary Fixing**: `calculate_diff_split()` iteratively adjusts prefix/suffix boundaries to avoid splitting `<tag>` or `[marker]` tokens, ensuring clean extraction.
+4. **Call ID Side Effects**: When a call ID is detected, `per_call_end` may have been incorrectly set to include the call ID suffix. T7 clears `per_call_end` in this case.
+5. **Tool Analysis Gating**: `analyze_tools` is only constructed (and all tool analysis phases run) when `jinja_caps.supports_tool_calls` is true. Within tool analysis, `check_per_call_markers()` (T2) only runs if `jinja_caps.supports_parallel_tool_calls`.
+6. **`analyze_arguments()` Gating**: Within tool analysis, A1 and A2 (argument name/value marker extraction) only run for `TAG_WITH_TAGGED` format. `extract_argument_separator()` and `extract_args_markers()` run for all non-`JSON_NATIVE` formats.
+7. **Undetected Tool Format**: If `analyze_tools` concludes tool calling is supported but cannot determine the format, `build_parser()` logs an error and returns `eps()` (graceful degradation) rather than aborting.

docs/backend/CANN.md

@@ -42,12 +42,22 @@ The llama.cpp CANN backend is designed to support Ascend NPU. It utilize the abi
 
 ### Ascend NPU
 
-**Verified devices**
+You can retrieve your Ascend device IDs using the following command:
 
-| Ascend NPU                    | Status  |
-|:-----------------------------:|:-------:|
-| Atlas 300T A2                 | Support |
-| Atlas 300I Duo                | Support |
+```sh
+lspci -n | grep -Eo '19e5:d[0-9a-f]{3}' | cut -d: -f2
+```
+
+**Devices**
+
+| Device Id | Product Series | Product Models | Chip Model | Verified Status |
+|:---------:|----------------|----------------|:----------:|:---------------:|
+|    d803   | Atlas A3 Train |                |    910C    |                 |
+|    d803   | Atlas A3 Infer |                |    910C    |                 |
+|    d802   | Atlas A2 Train |                |    910B    |                 |
+|    d802   | Atlas A2 Infer | Atlas 300I A2  |    910B    |     Support     |
+|    d801   | Atlas Train    |                |     910    |                 |
+|    d500   | Atlas Infer    | Atlas 300I Duo |    310P    |     Support     |
 
 *Notes:*
 
@@ -57,6 +67,9 @@ The llama.cpp CANN backend is designed to support Ascend NPU. It utilize the abi
 
 ## Model Supports
 
+<details>
+<summary>Text-only</summary>
+
 | Model Name                  | FP16  | Q4_0 | Q8_0 |
 |:----------------------------|:-----:|:----:|:----:|
 | Llama-2                     |   √   |   √  |   √  |
@@ -118,8 +131,11 @@ The llama.cpp CANN backend is designed to support Ascend NPU. It utilize the abi
 | Trillion-7B-preview         |   √   |   √  |   √  |
 | Ling models                 |   √   |   √  |   √  |
 
+</details>
+
+<details>
+<summary>Multimodal</summary>
 
-**Multimodal**
 | Model Name                  | FP16  | Q4_0 | Q8_0 |
 |:----------------------------|:-----:|:----:|:----:|
 | LLaVA 1.5 models, LLaVA 1.6 models      |   x   |   x  |   x  |
@@ -134,15 +150,22 @@ The llama.cpp CANN backend is designed to support Ascend NPU. It utilize the abi
 |  GLM-EDGE                   |   √   |   √  |   √  |
 |  Qwen2-VL                   |   √   |   √  |   √  |
 
+</details>
+
 
 
 ## DataType Supports
 
-| DataType               | Status  |
-|:----------------------:|:-------:|
-| FP16                   | Support |
-| Q8_0                   | Support |
-| Q4_0                   | Support |
+| DataType               | 910B    | 310P    |
+|:----------------------:|:-------:|:-------:|
+| FP16                   | Support | Support |
+| Q8_0                   | Support | Partial |
+| Q4_0                   | Support | Partial |
+| BF16                   | Support |         |
+
+> **310P note**
+> - `Q8_0`: data transform / buffer path is implemented, and `GET_ROWS` is supported, but quantized `MUL_MAT` / `MUL_MAT_ID` are not supported.
+> - `Q4_0`: data transform / buffer path is implemented, but quantized `MUL_MAT` / `MUL_MAT_ID` are not supported.
 
 ## Docker
 
@@ -160,7 +183,20 @@ npu-smi info
 
 # Select the cards that you want to use, make sure these cards are not used by someone.
 # Following using cards of device0.
-docker run --name llamacpp --device /dev/davinci0  --device /dev/davinci_manager --device /dev/devmm_svm --device /dev/hisi_hdc -v /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi -v /usr/local/bin/npu-smi:/usr/local/bin/npu-smi -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/ -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_MODELS/:/app/models -it llama-cpp-cann -m /app/models/MODEL_PATH -ngl 32 -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:"
+docker run --name llamacpp \
+  --device /dev/davinci0 \
+  --device /dev/davinci_manager \
+  --device /dev/devmm_svm \
+  --device /dev/hisi_hdc \
+  -v /usr/local/dcmi:/usr/local/dcmi \
+  -v /usr/local/bin/npu-smi:/usr/local/bin/npu-smi \
+  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/lib64/ \
+  -v /usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info:/usr/local/Ascend/driver/version.info \
+  -v /PATH_TO_YOUR_MODELS/:/app/models \
+  -it llama-cpp-cann \
+  -m /app/models/MODEL_PATH \
+  -ngl 32 \
+  -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:"
 ```
 
 *Notes:*
@@ -171,69 +207,57 @@ docker run --name llamacpp --device /dev/davinci0  --device /dev/davinci_manager
 
 ### I. Setup Environment
 
-1. **Install Ascend Driver and firmware**
+1. **Configure Ascend user and group**
 
     ```sh
-    # create driver running user.
-    sudo groupadd -g HwHiAiUser
+    sudo groupadd HwHiAiUser
     sudo useradd -g HwHiAiUser -d /home/HwHiAiUser -m HwHiAiUser -s /bin/bash
     sudo usermod -aG HwHiAiUser $USER
-
-    # download driver from https://www.hiascend.com/hardware/firmware-drivers/community according to your system
-    # and install driver.
-    sudo sh Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-driver_x.x.x_linux-{arch}.run --full --install-for-all
     ```
 
-    Once installed, run `npu-smi info` to check whether driver is installed successfully.
+2. **Install dependencies**
+
+    **Ubuntu/Debian:**
     ```sh
-    +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
-    | npu-smi 24.1.rc2               Version: 24.1.rc2                                          |
-    +----------------------+---------------+----------------------------------------------------+
-    | NPU   Name           | Health        | Power(W)    Temp(C)           Hugepages-Usage(page)|
-    | Chip                 | Bus-Id        | AICore(%)   Memory-Usage(MB)  HBM-Usage(MB)        |
-    +======================+===============+====================================================+
-    | 2     xxx            | OK            | 64.4        51                15   / 15            |
-    | 0                    | 0000:01:00.0  | 0           1873 / 15077      0    / 32768         |
-    +======================+===============+====================================================+
-    | 5     xxx            | OK            | 64.0        52                15   / 15            |
-    | 0                    | 0000:81:00.0  | 0           1874 / 15077      0    / 32768         |
-    +======================+===============+====================================================+
-    | No running processes found in NPU 2                                                       |
-    +======================+===============+====================================================+
-    | No running processes found in NPU 5                                                       |
-    +======================+===============+====================================================+
+    sudo apt-get update
+    sudo apt-get install -y gcc python3 python3-pip linux-headers-$(uname -r)
     ```
 
-2. **Install Ascend Firmware**
+    **RHEL/CentOS:**
     ```sh
-    # download driver from https://www.hiascend.com/hardware/firmware-drivers/community according to your system
-    # and install driver.
-    sudo sh Ascend-hdk-910b-npu-firmware_x.x.x.x.X.run --full
+    sudo yum makecache
+    sudo yum install -y gcc python3 python3-pip kernel-headers-$(uname -r) kernel-devel-$(uname -r)
     ```
-    If the following message appears, firmware is installed successfully.
+
+3. **Install CANN (driver + toolkit)**
+
+    > The `Ascend-cann` package includes both the driver and toolkit.
+    > `$ARCH` can be `x86_64` or `aarch64`, `$CHIP` can be `910b` or `310p`.
+
     ```sh
-    Firmware package installed successfully!
+    wget https://ascend-repo.obs.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/CANN/CANN%208.5.T63/Ascend-cann_8.5.0_linux-$ARCH.run
+    sudo bash ./Ascend-cann_8.5.0_linux-$ARCH.run --install
+
+    wget https://ascend-repo.obs.cn-east-2.myhuaweicloud.com/CANN/CANN%208.5.T63/Ascend-cann-$CHIP-ops_8.5.0_linux-$ARCH.run
+    sudo bash ./Ascend-cann-$CHIP-ops_8.5.0_linux-$ARCH.run --install
     ```
 
+4. **Verify installation**
 
-3. **Install CANN toolkit and kernels**
-
-    CANN toolkit and kernels can be obtained from the official [CANN Toolkit](https://www.hiascend.com/zh/developer/download/community/result?module=cann) page.
-
-    Please download the corresponding version that satified your system. The minimum version required is 8.0.RC2.alpha002 and here is the install command.
     ```sh
-    pip3 install attrs numpy decorator sympy cffi pyyaml pathlib2 psutil protobuf scipy requests absl-py wheel typing_extensions
-    sh Ascend-cann-toolkit_8.0.RC2.alpha002_linux-aarch64.run --install
-    sh Ascend-cann-kernels-910b_8.0.RC2.alpha002_linux.run --install
+    npu-smi info
     ```
 
-    Set Ascend Variables:
+    If device information is displayed correctly, the driver is functioning properly.
+
     ```sh
-    echo "source ~/Ascend/ascend-toolkit/set_env.sh" >> ~/.bashrc
-    source ~/.bashrc
+    # Set environment variables (adjust path if needed)
+    source /usr/local/Ascend/cann/set_env.sh
+
+    python3 -c "import acl; print(acl.get_soc_name())"
     ```
 
-Upon a successful installation, CANN is enabled for the available ascend devices.
+    If the command outputs the chip model, the installation was successful.
 
 ### II. Build llama.cpp
 

docs/backend/OPENVINO.md

@@ -0,0 +1,389 @@
+# OpenVINO Backend for llama.cpp
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Performance and memory optimizations, accuracy validation, broader quantization coverage, broader operator and model support are work in progress.
+
+[OpenVINO](https://docs.openvino.ai/) is an open-source toolkit for optimizing and deploying high-performance AI inference, specifically designed for Intel hardware, including CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs, in the cloud, on-premises, and on the edge. [OpenVINO backend for llama.cpp](../../src/ggml-openvino) enables hardware-accelerated inference on **Intel® CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs** while remaining compatible with the existing **GGUF model ecosystem**. The backend translates GGML compute graphs into OpenVINO graphs and leverages graph compilation, kernel fusion, and device-specific optimizations to improve inference performance on supported Intel hardware.
+
+The OpenVINO backend is implemented in `ggml/src/ggml-openvino` and provides a translation layer for core GGML operations. The OpenVINO backend replaces the standard GGML graph execution path with Intel's OpenVINO inference engine. This approach allows the same GGUF model file to run on Intel CPUs, Intel GPUs (integrated and discrete), and Intel NPUs without changes to the model or the rest of the llama.cpp stack. When a `ggml_cgraph` is dispatched to OpenVINO backend, it:
+
+- Walks the GGML graph and identifies inputs, outputs, weights, and KV cache tensors.
+- Translates the GGML operations into an `ov::Model` using OpenVINO's frontend API.
+- Compiles and caches the model for the target device.
+- Binds GGML tensor memory to OpenVINO inference tensors and runs inference.
+
+## Supported Devices
+
+OpenVINO backend supports the following hardware:
+
+- Intel CPUs
+- Intel GPUs (integrated and discrete)
+- Intel NPUs
+
+Although OpenVINO supports a wide range of [Intel hardware](https://docs.openvino.ai/2026/about-openvino/release-notes-openvino/system-requirements.html), the llama.cpp OpenVINO backend has been validated specifically on AI PCs such as the Intel® Core™ Ultra Series 1 and Series 2.
+
+## Supported Model Precisions
+
+- `FP16`
+- `BF16` (on Intel Xeon)
+- `Q8_0`
+- `Q4_0`
+- `Q4_1`
+- `Q4_K`
+- `Q4_K_M`
+- `Q5_K` (converted to Q8_0_C at runtime)
+- `Q6_K` (converted to Q8_0_C at runtime)
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Accuracy validation and performance optimizations for quantized models are a work in progress.
+
+## Quantization Support Details
+
+### CPU and GPU
+
+- **`Q4_0`, `Q4_1`, `Q4_K_M`, `Q6_K` models are supported**
+- `Q5_K` and `Q6_K` tensors are converted to `Q8_0_C`
+
+### NPU
+
+- **Primary supported quantization scheme is `Q4_0`**
+- `Q6_K` tensors are requantized to `Q4_0_128` in general. For embedding weights, `Q6_K` tensors are requantized to `Q8_0_C` except for the token embedding matrix which is dequantized to fp16
+
+### Additional Notes
+
+- Both `Q4_0` and `Q4_1` models use `Q6_K` for the token embedding tensor and the final matmul weight tensor (often the same tensor)
+- `Q4_0` models may produce some `Q4_1` tensors if an imatrix is provided during quantization using `llama-quantize`
+- `Q4_K_M` models may include both `Q6_K` and `Q5_K` tensors (observed in Phi-3)
+
+## Validated Models
+
+The following models have been validated for functionality on Intel® Core™ Ultra Series 1 and Series 2:
+
+- [Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF](https://huggingface.co/unsloth/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF/)
+- [Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/bartowski/Meta-Llama-3.1-8B-Instruct-GGUF)
+- [microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct-gguf](https://huggingface.co/microsoft/Phi-3-mini-4k-instruct-gguf)
+- [Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct-GGUF](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen2.5-1.5B-Instruct-GGUF)
+- [Qwen/Qwen3-8B](https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-8B-GGUF)
+- [openbmb/MiniCPM-1B-sft-bf16](https://huggingface.co/openbmb/MiniCPM-S-1B-sft-gguf)
+- [tencent/Hunyuan-7B-Instruct](https://huggingface.co/bartowski/tencent_Hunyuan-7B-Instruct-GGUF)
+- [mistralai/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3](https://huggingface.co/bartowski/Mistral-7B-Instruct-v0.3-GGUF)
+- [bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B-GGUF](https://huggingface.co/bartowski/DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Llama-8B-GGUF)
+
+## Build Instructions
+
+### Prerequisites
+
+- Linux or Windows system with Intel hardware (CPU, GPU, or NPU)
+- **For Intel GPU or NPU Usage**: Install the appropriate hardware drivers for your Intel GPU or NPU. For detailed instructions, see: [Additional Configurations for Hardware Acceleration](https://docs.openvino.ai/2025/get-started/install-openvino/configurations.html).
+
+- **Linux:**
+    - Git, CMake, and Ninja software tools are needed for building.
+    ```bash
+      sudo apt-get update
+      sudo apt-get install -y build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev libtbb12 cmake ninja-build python3-pip curl wget tar
+    ```
+    - OpenCL
+    ```bash
+      sudo apt install ocl-icd-opencl-dev opencl-headers opencl-clhpp-headers intel-opencl-icd
+    ```
+
+- **Windows:**
+  - Download and install [Microsoft Visual Studio 2022 Build Tools](https://aka.ms/vs/17/release/vs_BuildTools.exe). During installation, select the **"Desktop development with C++"** workload.
+
+  - Install required tools:
+    ```powershell
+    # Windows PowerShell
+    winget install Git.Git
+    winget install GNU.Wget
+    winget install Ninja-build.Ninja
+    ```
+
+  - Install **OpenCL** using **vcpkg**:
+    ```powershell
+    # Windows PowerShell
+    cd C:\
+    git clone https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg
+    cd vcpkg
+    .\bootstrap-vcpkg.bat
+    .\vcpkg install opencl
+    # Optional but recommended: Integrate vcpkg with Visual Studio / CMake:
+    .\vcpkg integrate install
+    ```
+
+### 1. Install OpenVINO Runtime
+
+- Follow the guide to install OpenVINO Runtime from an archive file: [Linux](https://docs.openvino.ai/2026/get-started/install-openvino/install-openvino-archive-linux.html) | [Windows](https://docs.openvino.ai/2026/get-started/install-openvino/install-openvino-archive-windows.html)
+
+- **Linux:**
+
+    <details>
+    <summary>📦 Click to expand OpenVINO installation from an archive file on Ubuntu</summary>
+    <br>
+
+    ```bash
+    wget https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ravi9/misc-scripts/main/openvino/ov-archive-install/install-openvino-from-archive.sh
+    chmod +x install-openvino-from-archive.sh
+    ./install-openvino-from-archive.sh
+    ```
+
+    Verify OpenVINO is initialized properly:
+    ```bash
+    echo $OpenVINO_DIR
+    ```
+    </details>
+
+
+### 2. Build llama.cpp with OpenVINO Backend
+
+Clone the OpenVINO-enabled llama.cpp fork and build it:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp
+cd llama.cpp
+```
+
+- **Linux:**
+    ```bash
+    source /opt/intel/openvino/setupvars.sh
+    cmake -B build/ReleaseOV -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_OPENVINO=ON
+    cmake --build build/ReleaseOV --parallel
+    ```
+
+- **Windows:**
+    ```cmd
+    # x64 Native Tools Command Prompt for VS 2022
+    "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\openvino_2026.0\setupvars.bat"
+    cmake -B build\ReleaseOV -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DGGML_OPENVINO=ON -DLLAMA_CURL=OFF -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=C:\vcpkg\scripts\buildsystems\vcpkg.cmake
+    cmake --build build\ReleaseOV --parallel
+    ```
+> [!NOTE]
+> Use `x64 Native Tools Command Prompt` for Windows build. After building, you could use either `cmd` or `PowerShell` to run the OpenVINO backend.
+
+### 3. Download Sample Model
+
+Download models for testing:
+
+```bash
+# Linux
+mkdir -p ~/models/
+wget https://huggingface.co/unsloth/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF/resolve/main/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf \
+     -O ~/models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf
+
+# Windows PowerShell
+mkdir C:\models
+Invoke-WebRequest -Uri https://huggingface.co/unsloth/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF/resolve/main/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -OutFile C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf
+
+# Windows Command Line
+mkdir C:\models
+curl -L https://huggingface.co/unsloth/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-GGUF/resolve/main/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -o C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf
+```
+
+### 4. Run Inference with OpenVINO Backend
+
+When using the OpenVINO backend, the first inference token may have slightly higher latency due to on-the-fly conversion to the OpenVINO graph. Subsequent tokens and runs will be faster.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Default context size is set to the model training context, which may be very large. For example, 131072 for Llama 3.2 1B, which may result in lower performance, especially on edge/laptop devices. Use `-c` to limit context size in supported llama.cpp tools for better performance. For example, `-c 512`.
+
+```bash
+# If device is unset or unavailable, defaults to CPU.
+# If the system has multiple GPUs, use GPU.0 or GPU.1 to explicitly target a specific GPU.
+
+# Linux
+export GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU
+# Enable stateful execution with GPU device to avoid known stateless execution failures.
+export GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1
+# To run llama-simple:
+./build/ReleaseOV/bin/llama-simple -m ~/models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -n 50 "The story of AI is "
+# To run in chat mode:
+./build/ReleaseOV/bin/llama-cli -m ~/models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -c 1024
+# To run llama-bench, -fa 1 is needed
+GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1 GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU ./build/ReleaseOV/bin/llama-bench -m ~/models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -fa 1
+
+# NPU: keep context small to avoid failures from very large model context windows.
+export GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=NPU
+./build/ReleaseOV/bin/llama-cli -m ~/models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -c 512
+
+# Windows Command Line
+set GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU
+# Enable stateful execution with GPU device to avoid known stateless execution failures.
+set GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1
+# Windows PowerShell
+$env:GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE = "GPU"
+$env:GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION = "1"
+
+# To run llama-simple
+build\ReleaseOV\bin\llama-simple.exe -m "C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf" -n 50 "The story of AI is "
+# To run in chat mode:
+build\ReleaseOV\bin\llama-cli.exe -m "C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf" -c 1024
+# To run llama-bench, -fa 1 is needed
+build\ReleaseOV\bin\llama-bench.exe -m "C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf" -fa 1
+
+# NPU: keep context small to avoid failures from very large model context windows.
+# Windows Command Line
+set GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=NPU
+# Windows PowerShell
+$env:GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE = "NPU"
+build\ReleaseOV\bin\llama-cli.exe -m "C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf" -c 512
+```
+> [!NOTE]
+> On systems with multiple GPUs, use `GPU.0` or `GPU.1` to explicitly target specific GPU. See [OpenVINO GPU Device](https://docs.openvino.ai/2026/openvino-workflow/running-inference/inference-devices-and-modes/gpu-device.html) for more details.
+
+### Known Issues and Current Workarounds
+
+- GPU stateless execution is currently affected by a known issue.
+  - Workaround: set `GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1` when using GPU device.
+- NPU failures can happen when context size is too large. Recent llama.cpp behavior may resolve context size to the model training context (for example, 131072 for Llama 3.2 1B), which is too large for current NPU usage and can also stress laptop CPU/GPU on larger models. To inspect the selected context size, run `llama-cli` or `llama-server` with `-lv 3`.
+  - Workaround: explicitly set context size, for ex. `-c 1024` for NPU runs. Performance will be better with lower context size.
+- Additional NPU limitations:
+  - Model caching is not yet supported.
+  - `llama-server -np > 1` (multiple parallel sequences) is not supported.
+  - `llama-perplexity` is only supported with `-b 512` or smaller.
+- `--context-shift` with `llama-cli` is currently not supported with OpenVINO backend across CPU, GPU, and NPU devices.
+- Encoder models (embedding, reranking) are not supported with the current OpenVINO backend implementation.
+- `-fa 1` is required when running llama-bench with the OpenVINO backend.
+  - `GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1 GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU ./llama-bench -fa 1`
+- `llama-server` with OpenVINO backend supports only one chat session/thread, when `GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1` is enabled.
+- For Intel GPU, NPU detection in containers, GPU, NPU user-space drivers/libraries must be present inside the image. We will include in a future PR. Until then, you can use this reference Dockerfile: [openvino.Dockerfile](https://github.com/ravi9/llama.cpp/blob/ov-docker-update/.devops/openvino.Dockerfile)
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> The OpenVINO backend is actively under development. Fixes are underway, and this document will continue to be updated as issues are resolved.
+
+
+### Docker Build
+
+You can build and run llama.cpp with OpenVINO backend using Docker.
+
+```bash
+# Build the base runtime image with compiled shared libraries and minimal dependencies.
+docker build -t llama-openvino:base -f .devops/openvino.Dockerfile .
+
+# Build the complete image with all binaries, Python tools, gguf-py library, and model conversion utilities.
+docker build --target=full -t llama-openvino:full -f .devops/openvino.Dockerfile .
+
+# Build a minimal CLI-only image containing just the llama-cli executable.
+docker build --target=light -t llama-openvino:light -f .devops/openvino.Dockerfile .
+
+# Builds a server-only image with llama-server executable, health check endpoint, and REST API support.
+docker build --target=server -t llama-openvino:server -f .devops/openvino.Dockerfile .
+
+# If you are behind a proxy:
+docker build --build-arg http_proxy=$http_proxy --build-arg https_proxy=$https_proxy --target=light -t llama-openvino:light -f .devops/openvino.Dockerfile .
+```
+
+Run llama.cpp with OpenVINO backend Docker container.
+Save sample models in `~/models` as [shown above](#3-download-sample-model). It will be mounted to the container in the examples below.
+
+> [!NOTE]
+> Intel GPU, NPU detection in containers will be included in a future PR. Until then, you can use this reference Dockerfile: [openvino.Dockerfile](https://github.com/ravi9/llama.cpp/blob/ov-docker-update/.devops/openvino.Dockerfile).
+
+```bash
+#  Run Docker container
+docker run --rm -it -v ~/models:/models llama-openvino:light --no-warmup -c 1024 -m /models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf
+
+# With Intel GPU access (iGPU or dGPU)
+docker run --rm -it -v ~/models:/models \
+--device=/dev/dri --group-add=$(stat -c "%g" /dev/dri/render* | head -n 1) -u $(id -u):$(id -g) \
+--env=GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU --env=GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1 \
+llama-openvino:light --no-warmup -c 1024 -m /models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf
+
+# With Intel NPU access
+docker run --rm -it -v ~/models:/models \
+--device=/dev/accel --group-add=$(stat -c "%g" /dev/dri/render* | head -n 1) -u $(id -u):$(id -g) \
+--env=GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=NPU \
+llama-openvino:light --no-warmup -c 1024 -m /models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf
+```
+
+Run Llama.cpp Server with OpenVINO Backend.
+> [!NOTE]
+> `llama-server` with OpenVINO backend supports only one chat session/thread, when `GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1` is enabled.
+
+```bash
+# Run the Server Docker container
+docker run --rm -it -p 8080:8080 -v ~/models:/models llama-openvino:server --no-warmup -m /models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -c 1024
+# Or Using llama-server executable
+./build/ReleaseOV/bin/llama-server -m ~/models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf --port 8080 -c 1024
+
+# If you are behind a proxy, make sure to set NO_PROXY to avoid proxy for localhost
+export NO_PROXY=localhost,127.0.0.1
+
+# Option 1: Open your browser to http://localhost:8080 to access the web UI for the llama.cpp server.
+# Option 2: In a NEW terminal, test the server with curl
+
+# Test health endpoint
+curl -f http://localhost:8080/health
+
+# Test with a simple prompt
+curl -X POST "http://localhost:8080/v1/chat/completions" -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
+ -d '{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"Write a poem about OpenVINO"}],"max_tokens":100}' | jq .
+```
+
+## Runtime Configuration
+
+The OpenVINO backend can be configured using the following environment variables at runtime to control device selection, caching, debugging, and profiling behavior.
+
+### Configuration Options
+
+| Variable                          | Default    | Description                                                                                                 |
+|-----------------------------------|------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE`            | `CPU`      | Specify the target device (CPU, GPU, NPU). On systems with multiple GPUs, use `GPU.0` or `GPU.1` to explicitly target specific GPU. See [OpenVINO GPU Device](https://docs.openvino.ai/2026/openvino-workflow/running-inference/inference-devices-and-modes/gpu-device.html). When set to **NPU**, static compilation mode is enabled for optimal performance. |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_CACHE_DIR`         | `not set`  | Directory for OpenVINO model caching (recommended: `/tmp/ov_cache`). Enables model caching when set. **Not supported on NPU devices.** |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_PREFILL_CHUNK_SIZE`| `256`      | Token chunk size for **NPU** prefill.                                                                       |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION`| `0`        | Enable stateful KV cache on for better performance. Recommended on CPU, GPU.                                |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_PROFILING`         | `0`        | Enable execution-time profiling.                                                                            |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_DUMP_CGRAPH`       | `0`        | Dump the GGML compute graph to `cgraph_ov.txt`.                                                             |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_DUMP_IR`           | `0`        | Serialize OpenVINO IR files with timestamps.                                                                |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_INPUT`       | `0`        | Enable input debugging and print input tensor info.                                                         |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_DEBUG_OUTPUT`      | `0`        | Enable output debugging and print output tensor info.                                                       |
+| `GGML_OPENVINO_PRINT_CGRAPH_TENSOR_ADDRESS` | `0` | Print tensor address map once.                                                                           |
+
+> [!NOTE]
+>`GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION` is an **Experimental** feature to allow stateful execution for managing the KV cache internally inside the OpenVINO model, improving performance on CPUs and GPUs. Stateful execution is not effective on NPUs, and not all models currently support this feature. This feature is experimental and has been validated only with the llama-simple, llama-cli, llama-bench, and llama-run applications and is recommended to enable for the best performance. Other applications, such as llama-server and llama-perplexity, are not yet supported.
+
+### Example Usage
+
+#### GPU Inference with Profiling
+
+```bash
+# If the system has multiple GPUs, use GPU.0 or GPU.1 to explicitly target a specific GPU.
+
+# Linux
+export GGML_OPENVINO_CACHE_DIR=/tmp/ov_cache
+export GGML_OPENVINO_PROFILING=1
+export GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU
+export GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1
+
+./build/ReleaseOV/bin/llama-simple -m ~/models/Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf -n 50 "The story of AI is "
+
+# Windows Command Line
+set GGML_OPENVINO_CACHE_DIR=C:\tmp\ov_cache
+set GGML_OPENVINO_PROFILING=1
+set GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE=GPU
+set GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION=1
+
+# Windows PowerShell
+$env:GGML_OPENVINO_CACHE_DIR = "C:\tmp\ov_cache"
+$env:GGML_OPENVINO_PROFILING = "1"
+$env:GGML_OPENVINO_DEVICE = "GPU"
+$env:GGML_OPENVINO_STATEFUL_EXECUTION = "1"
+
+build\ReleaseOV\bin\llama-simple.exe -m "C:\models\Llama-3.2-1B-Instruct-Q4_0.gguf" -n 50 "The story of AI is "
+
+```
+
+## Llama.cpp Tools
+
+The following tools work with the OpenVINO backend on CPU, GPU, NPU:
+- llama-bench
+- llama-cli
+- llama-completion
+- llama-perplexity
+- llama-server
+- llama-simple
+
+## Work in Progress
+
+- Performance and memory optimizations
+- Accuracy validation
+- Broader quantization coverage
+- Support for additional model architectures

docs/backend/SYCL.md

@@ -382,17 +382,27 @@ use 1 SYCL GPUs: [0] with Max compute units:512
 
 ## Windows
 
-### I. Setup Environment
-
-1. Install GPU driver
+### Install GPU driver
 
 Intel GPU drivers instructions guide and download page can be found here: [Get Intel GPU Drivers](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/docs/discrete-gpus/arc/software/drivers.html).
 
-2. Install Visual Studio
+### Option 1: download the binary package directly
+
+Download the binary package for Windows from: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/releases.
+
+Extract the package to local folder, run the llama tools directly. Refer to [Run the inference](#iii-run-the-inference-1).
+
+Note, the package includes the SYCL running time and all depended dll files, no need to install oneAPI package and activte them.
+
+### Option 2: build locally from the source code.
+
+#### I. Setup environment
+
+1. Install Visual Studio
 
 If you already have a recent version of Microsoft Visual Studio, you can skip this step. Otherwise, please refer to the official download page for [Microsoft Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/).
 
-3. Install Intel® oneAPI Base toolkit
+2. Install Intel® oneAPI Base toolkit
 
 SYCL backend depends on:
   - Intel® oneAPI DPC++/C++ compiler/running-time.
@@ -443,25 +453,25 @@ Output (example):
 [ext_oneapi_level_zero:gpu:0] Intel(R) Level-Zero, Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics 1.3 [1.3.28044]
 ```
 
-4. Install build tools
+3. Install build tools
 
 a. Download & install cmake for Windows: https://cmake.org/download/ (CMake can also be installed from Visual Studio Installer)
 b. The new Visual Studio will install Ninja as default. (If not, please install it manually: https://ninja-build.org/)
 
 
-### II. Build llama.cpp
+#### II. Build llama.cpp
 
 You could download the release package for Windows directly, which including binary files and depended oneAPI dll files.
 
 Choose one of following methods to build from source code.
 
-#### 1. Script
+##### Option 1: Script
 
 ```sh
 .\examples\sycl\win-build-sycl.bat
 ```
 
-#### 2. CMake
+##### Option 2: CMake
 
 On the oneAPI command line window, step into the llama.cpp main directory and run the following:
 
@@ -490,7 +500,7 @@ cmake --preset x64-windows-sycl-debug
 cmake --build build-x64-windows-sycl-debug -j --target llama-completion
 ```
 
-#### 3. Visual Studio
+##### Option 3: Visual Studio
 
 You have two options to use Visual Studio to build llama.cpp:
 - As CMake Project using CMake presets.
@@ -500,7 +510,7 @@ You have two options to use Visual Studio to build llama.cpp:
 
 All following commands are executed in PowerShell.
 
-##### - Open as a CMake Project
+###### - Open as a CMake Project
 
 You can use Visual Studio to open the `llama.cpp` folder directly as a CMake project. Before compiling, select one of the SYCL CMake presets:
 
@@ -515,7 +525,7 @@ You can use Visual Studio to open the `llama.cpp` folder directly as a CMake pro
     cmake --build build --config Release -j --target llama-completion
     ```
 
-##### - Generating a Visual Studio Solution
+###### - Generating a Visual Studio Solution
 
 You can use Visual Studio solution to build and work on llama.cpp on Windows. You need to convert the CMake Project into a `.sln` file.
 
@@ -603,7 +613,7 @@ found 2 SYCL devices:
 
 ```
 
-#### Choose level-zero devices
+##### Choose level-zero devices
 
 |Chosen Device ID|Setting|
 |-|-|
@@ -611,7 +621,7 @@ found 2 SYCL devices:
 |1|`set ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:1"`|
 |0 & 1|`set ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:0;level_zero:1"` or `set ONEAPI_DEVICE_SELECTOR="level_zero:*"`|
 
-#### Execute
+##### Execute
 
 Choose one of following methods to run.
 
@@ -669,7 +679,7 @@ use 1 SYCL GPUs: [0] with Max compute units:512
 
 ## Environment Variable
 
-#### Build
+### Build
 
 | Name               | Value                                 | Function                                    |
 |--------------------|---------------------------------------|---------------------------------------------|
@@ -684,7 +694,7 @@ use 1 SYCL GPUs: [0] with Max compute units:512
 
 1. FP32 or FP16 have different performance impact to LLM. Recommended to test them for better prompt processing performance on your models. You need to rebuild the code after change `GGML_SYCL_F16=OFF/ON`.
 
-#### Runtime
+### Runtime
 
 | Name              | Value            | Function                                                                                                                  |
 |-------------------|------------------|---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
@@ -777,7 +787,7 @@ use 1 SYCL GPUs: [0] with Max compute units:512
   ```
 
 ### **GitHub contribution**:
-Please add the `SYCL :` prefix/tag in issues/PRs titles to help the SYCL contributors to check/address them without delay.
+Please add the `[SYCL]` prefix/tag in issues/PRs titles to help the SYCL contributors to check/address them without delay.
 
 ## TODO
 

docs/backend/VirtGPU/development.md

@@ -55,7 +55,8 @@ LLAMA_MAC_BUILD=$PWD/build/ggml-virtgpu-backend
 cmake -S . -B $LLAMA_MAC_BUILD \
       -DGGML_NATIVE=OFF \
       -DLLAMA_CURL=ON \
-      -DGGML_REMOTINGBACKEND=ONLY \
+      -DGGML_VIRTGPU=ON \
+      -DGGML_VIRTGPU_BACKEND=ONLY \
       -DGGML_METAL=ON
 
 TARGETS="ggml-metal"
@@ -71,6 +72,7 @@ cmake --build $LLAMA_MAC_BUILD --parallel 8 --target $EXTRA_TARGETS
 ```bash
 # Build virglrenderer with APIR support
 mkdir virglrenderer
+cd virglrenderer
 git clone https://gitlab.freedesktop.org/kpouget/virglrenderer -b main-macos src
 cd src
 
@@ -95,7 +97,7 @@ mkdir llama.cpp
 git clone https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp.git src
 cd src
 
-LLAMA_LINUX_BUILD=$PWD//build-virtgpu
+LLAMA_LINUX_BUILD=$PWD/build-virtgpu
 
 cmake -S . -B $LLAMA_LINUX_BUILD \
       -DGGML_VIRTGPU=ON

docs/build.md

@@ -13,6 +13,21 @@ cd llama.cpp
 
 The following sections describe how to build with different backends and options.
 
+* [CPU Build](#cpu-build)
+* [BLAS Build](#blas-build)
+* [Metal Build](#metal-build)
+* [SYCL](#sycl)
+* [CUDA](#cuda)
+* [MUSA](#musa)
+* [HIP](#hip)
+* [Vulkan](#vulkan)
+* [CANN](#cann)
+* [Arm® KleidiAI™](#arm-kleidiai)
+* [OpenCL](#opencl)
+* [Android](#android-1)
+* [OpenVINO](#openvino)
+* [Notes about GPU-accelerated backends](#notes-about-gpu-accelerated-backends)
+
 ## CPU Build
 
 Build llama.cpp using `CMake`:
@@ -254,6 +269,14 @@ The environment variable [`CUDA_SCALE_LAUNCH_QUEUES`](https://docs.nvidia.com/cu
 
 Consider setting `CUDA_SCALE_LAUNCH_QUEUES=4x`, which increases the CUDA command buffer to 4 times its default size. This optimization is particularly beneficial for **Multi-GPU setups with pipeline parallelism**, where it significantly improves prompt processing throughput by allowing more operations to be enqueued across GPUs.
 
+#### GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F
+
+Use `GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_32F` environment variable to use FP32 compute type on all GPUs in FP16 cuBLAS for preventing possible numerical overflows in exchange for slower prompt processing (small impact on RTX PRO/Datacenter products and significant on GeForce products).
+
+#### GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F
+
+Use `GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS_COMPUTE_16F` environment variable to force use FP16 compute type (instead of default FP32) in FP16 cuBLAS for V100, CDNA and RDNA4.
+
 ### Unified Memory
 
 The environment variable `GGML_CUDA_ENABLE_UNIFIED_MEMORY=1` can be used to enable unified memory in Linux. This allows swapping to system RAM instead of crashing when the GPU VRAM is exhausted. In Windows this setting is available in the NVIDIA control panel as `System Memory Fallback`.
@@ -265,7 +288,7 @@ The following compilation options are also available to tweak performance:
 | Option                        | Legal values           | Default | Description                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      |
 |-------------------------------|------------------------|---------|----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 | GGML_CUDA_FORCE_MMQ           | Boolean                | false   | Force the use of custom matrix multiplication kernels for quantized models instead of FP16 cuBLAS even if there is no int8 tensor core implementation available (affects V100, CDNA and RDNA3+). MMQ kernels are enabled by default on GPUs with int8 tensor core support. With MMQ force enabled, speed for large batch sizes will be worse but VRAM consumption will be lower. |
-| GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS        | Boolean                | false   | Force the use of FP16 cuBLAS instead of custom matrix multiplication kernels for quantized models. There may be issues with numerical overflows (except for CDNA and RDNA4) and memory use will be higher. Prompt processing may become faster on recent datacenter GPUs (the custom kernels were tuned primarily for RTX 3000/4000).                                            |
+| GGML_CUDA_FORCE_CUBLAS        | Boolean                | false   | Force the use of FP16 cuBLAS instead of custom matrix multiplication kernels for quantized models. There may be issues with numerical overflows (except for V100, CDNA and RDNA4 which use FP32 compute type by default) and memory use will be higher. Prompt processing may become faster on recent datacenter GPUs (the custom kernels were tuned primarily for RTX 3000/4000).   |
 | GGML_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE | Positive integer       | 128     | Maximum batch size for which to enable peer access between multiple GPUs. Peer access requires either Linux or NVLink. When using NVLink enabling peer access for larger batch sizes is potentially beneficial.                                                                                                                                                                  |
 | GGML_CUDA_FA_ALL_QUANTS       | Boolean                | false   | Compile support for all KV cache quantization type (combinations) for the FlashAttention CUDA kernels. More fine-grained control over KV cache size but compilation takes much longer.                                                                                                                                                                                           |
 
@@ -724,6 +747,14 @@ Follow the instructions [here](https://dawn.googlesource.com/dawn/+/refs/heads/m
 
 To read documentation for how to build on IBM Z & LinuxONE, [click here](./build-s390x.md)
 
+## OpenVINO
+
+[OpenVINO](https://docs.openvino.ai/) is an open-source toolkit for optimizing and deploying high-performance AI inference, specifically designed for Intel hardware (CPUs, GPUs, and NPUs).
+
+For build instructions and usage examples, refer to [OPENVINO.md](backend/OPENVINO.md).
+
+
+---
 ## Notes about GPU-accelerated backends
 
 The GPU may still be used to accelerate some parts of the computation even when using the `-ngl 0` option. You can fully disable GPU acceleration by using `--device none`.

docs/docker.md

@@ -13,21 +13,30 @@ We have three Docker images available for this project:
 
 Additionally, there the following images, similar to the above:
 
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-cuda`: Same as `full` but compiled with CUDA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-cuda`: Same as `light` but compiled with CUDA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-cuda`: Same as `server` but compiled with CUDA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-rocm`: Same as `full` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-rocm`: Same as `light` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-rocm`: Same as `server` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-cuda`: Same as `full` but compiled with CUDA 12 support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-cuda13`: Same as `full` but compiled with CUDA 13 support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-cuda`: Same as `light` but compiled with CUDA 12 support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-cuda13`: Same as `light` but compiled with CUDA 13 support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-cuda`: Same as `server` but compiled with CUDA 12 support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-cuda13`: Same as `server` but compiled with CUDA 13 support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-rocm`: Same as `full` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-rocm`: Same as `light` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-rocm`: Same as `server` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-musa`: Same as `full` but compiled with MUSA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-musa`: Same as `light` but compiled with MUSA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-musa`: Same as `server` but compiled with MUSA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-intel`: Same as `full` but compiled with SYCL support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-intel`: Same as `light` but compiled with SYCL support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-intel`: Same as `server` but compiled with SYCL support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-vulkan`: Same as `full` but compiled with Vulkan support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-vulkan`: Same as `light` but compiled with Vulkan support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
-- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-vulkan`: Same as `server` but compiled with Vulkan support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-vulkan`: Same as `full` but compiled with Vulkan support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-vulkan`: Same as `light` but compiled with Vulkan support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-vulkan`: Same as `server` but compiled with Vulkan support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-openvino`: Same as `full` but compiled with OpenVino support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-openvino`: Same as `light` but compiled with OpenVino support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-openvino`: Same as `server` but compiled with OpenVino support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:full-s390x`: Identical to `full`, an alias for the `s390x` platform. (platforms: `linux/s390x`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:light-s390x`: Identical to `light`, an alias for the `s390x` platform. (platforms: `linux/s390x`)
+- `ghcr.io/ggml-org/llama.cpp:server-s390x`: Identical to `server`, an alias for the `s390x` platform. (platforms: `linux/s390x`)
 
 The GPU enabled images are not currently tested by CI beyond being built. They are not built with any variation from the ones in the Dockerfiles defined in [.devops/](../.devops/) and the GitHub Action defined in [.github/workflows/docker.yml](../.github/workflows/docker.yml). If you need different settings (for example, a different CUDA, ROCm or MUSA library, you'll need to build the images locally for now).
 
@@ -79,7 +88,7 @@ You may want to pass in some different `ARGS`, depending on the CUDA environment
 
 The defaults are:
 
-- `CUDA_VERSION` set to `12.4.0`
+- `CUDA_VERSION` set to `12.8.1`
 - `CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH` set to the cmake build default, which includes all the supported architectures
 
 The resulting images, are essentially the same as the non-CUDA images:

docs/multimodal.md

@@ -31,6 +31,13 @@ llama-server -m gemma-3-4b-it-Q4_K_M.gguf --mmproj mmproj-gemma-3-4b-it-Q4_K_M.g
 llama-server -hf ggml-org/gemma-3-4b-it-GGUF --no-mmproj-offload
 ```
 
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+>
+> OCR models are trained with specific prompt and input structure, please refer to these discussions for more info:
+> - PaddleOCR-VL: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/18825
+> - GLM-OCR: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/19677
+> - Deepseek-OCR: https://github.com/ggml-org/llama.cpp/pull/17400
+
 ## Pre-quantized models
 
 These are ready-to-use models, most of them come with `Q4_K_M` quantization by default. They can be found at the Hugging Face page of the ggml-org: https://huggingface.co/collections/ggml-org/multimodal-ggufs-68244e01ff1f39e5bebeeedc

docs/ops.md

@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ Legend:
 - 🟡 Partially supported by this backend
 - ❌ Not supported by this backend
 
-| Operation | BLAS | CANN | CPU | CUDA | Metal | OpenCL | SYCL | Vulkan | WebGPU | ZenDNN | zDNN |
+| Operation | BLAS | CANN | CPU | CUDA | MTL | OpenCL | SYCL | Vulkan | WebGPU | ZenDNN | zDNN |
 |-----------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|------|
-|                              ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              ACC | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              ABS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              ACC | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              ADD | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             ADD1 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           ADD_ID | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
@@ -23,99 +23,99 @@ Legend:
 |                           ARGMAX | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                          ARGSORT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             CEIL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                            CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                            CLAMP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           CONCAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             CONT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             CONT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                          CONV_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                       CONV_2D_DW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                          CONV_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                CONV_TRANSPOSE_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                CONV_TRANSPOSE_2D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              COS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              COS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                      COUNT_EQUAL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              CPY | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |               CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |          CROSS_ENTROPY_LOSS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           CUMSUM | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             DIAG | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             DIAG | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                    DIAG_MASK_INF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              DIV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              DUP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                            EXPM1 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              ELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              EXP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                            EXPM1 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             FILL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                   FLASH_ATTN_EXT | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            FLOOR | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                  GATED_DELTA_NET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                  GATED_DELTA_NET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                GATED_LINEAR_ATTN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            GEGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                        GEGLU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                      GEGLU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             GELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         GELU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                       GELU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         GET_ROWS | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             GELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         GELU_ERF | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                       GELU_QUICK | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         GET_ROWS | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                    GET_ROWS_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                       GROUP_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                      HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                        HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                      HARDSIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                        HARDSWISH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           IM2COL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                        IM2COL_3D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          L2_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          L2_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                       LEAKY_RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              LOG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              LOG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             MEAN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              MUL | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          MUL_MAT | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
-|                       MUL_MAT_ID | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              NEG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          MUL_MAT | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 |
+|                       MUL_MAT_ID | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              NEG | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                   OPT_STEP_ADAMW | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                     OPT_STEP_SGD | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         OUT_PROD | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 |
 |                              PAD | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                   PAD_REFLECT_1D | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          POOL_1D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          POOL_1D | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                          POOL_2D | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            REGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                           REPEAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             RELU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                           REPEAT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                      REPEAT_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         RMS_NORM | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                    RMS_NORM_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             ROLL | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                             ROPE | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                        ROPE_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                        ROPE_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            ROUND | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                        RWKV_WKV6 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                        RWKV_WKV7 | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            SCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              SET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SET | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SET_ROWS | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              SGN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          SIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             SILU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SGN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          SIGMOID | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             SILU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                        SILU_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              SIN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         SOFTPLUS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SIN | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SOFTPLUS | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SOFT_MAX | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                    SOFT_MAX_BACK | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                        SOLVE_TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                        SOLVE_TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              SQR | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             SQRT | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                         SSM_CONV | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SSM_SCAN | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             STEP | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              SUB | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                              SUM | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                         SUM_ROWS | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                           SWIGLU | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                       SWIGLU_OAI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                             TANH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                             TANH | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |               TIMESTEP_EMBEDDING | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            TOP_K | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                              TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                              TRI | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            TRUNC | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | 🟡 | ❌ | ❌ | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |
-|                          UPSCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | 🟡 | 🟡 | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
+|                          UPSCALE | ❌ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ✅ | 🟡 | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ |
 |                            XIELU | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | ✅ | ✅ | ❌ | ❌ |

examples/batched/batched.cpp

@@ -24,12 +24,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
     params.prompt = "Hello my name is";
     params.n_predict = 32;
 
+    common_init();
+
     if (!common_params_parse(argc, argv, params, LLAMA_EXAMPLE_BATCHED, print_usage)) {
         return 1;
     }
 
-    common_init();
-
     // number of parallel batches
     int n_parallel = params.n_parallel;