Use Q4_K for attn_v for Q2_K_S when n_gqa >= 4

2026-04-16 16:27:32 +03:00 · 2024-01-17 12:16:08 +02:00
201 changed files with 5741 additions and 96627 deletions
--- a/.devops/main-intel.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/main-intel.Dockerfile
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-ARG ONEAPI_VERSION=2024.0.1-devel-ubuntu22.04
-
-FROM intel/oneapi-basekit:$ONEAPI_VERSION as build
-
-ARG LLAMA_SYCL_F16=OFF
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y git
-
-WORKDIR /app
-
-COPY . .
-
-RUN mkdir build && \
-    cd build && \
-    if [ "${LLAMA_SYCL_F16}" = "ON" ]; then \
-        echo "LLAMA_SYCL_F16 is set" && \
-        export OPT_SYCL_F16="-DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON"; \
-    fi && \
-    cmake .. -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx ${OPT_SYCL_F16} && \
-    cmake --build . --config Release --target main
-
-FROM intel/oneapi-basekit:$ONEAPI_VERSION as runtime
-
-COPY --from=build /app/build/bin/main /main
-
-ENV LC_ALL=C.utf8
-
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/main" ]
--- a/.devops/main-vulkan.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/main-vulkan.Dockerfile
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=jammy
-
-FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION as build
-
-# Install build tools
-RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget
-
-# Install Vulkan SDK
-RUN wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | apt-key add - && \
-    wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list && \
-    apt update -y && \
-    apt-get install -y vulkan-sdk
-
-# Build it
-WORKDIR /app
-COPY . .
-RUN mkdir build && \
-    cd build && \
-    cmake .. -DLLAMA_VULKAN=1 && \
-    cmake --build . --config Release --target main
-
-# Clean up
-WORKDIR /
-RUN cp /app/build/bin/main /main && \
-    rm -rf /app
-
-ENV LC_ALL=C.utf8
-
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/main" ]
--- a/.devops/nix/nixpkgs-instances.nix
+++ b/.devops/nix/nixpkgs-instances.nix
@@ -7,18 +7,6 @@
    { system, ... }:
    {
      _module.args = {
-        # Note: bringing up https://zimbatm.com/notes/1000-instances-of-nixpkgs
-        # again, the below creates several nixpkgs instances which the
-        # flake-centric CLI will be forced to evaluate e.g. on `nix flake show`.
-        #
-        # This is currently "slow" and "expensive", on a certain scale.
-        # This also isn't "right" in that this hinders dependency injection at
-        # the level of flake inputs. This might get removed in the foreseeable
-        # future.
-        #
-        # Note that you can use these expressions without Nix
-        # (`pkgs.callPackage ./devops/nix/scope.nix { }` is the entry point).
-
        pkgsCuda = import inputs.nixpkgs {
          inherit system;
          # Ensure dependencies use CUDA consistently (e.g. that openmpi, ucc,
--- a/.devops/nix/package.nix
+++ b/.devops/nix/package.nix
@@ -13,22 +13,18 @@
  cudaPackages,
  darwin,
  rocmPackages,
-  vulkan-headers,
-  vulkan-loader,
  clblast,
  useBlas ? builtins.all (x: !x) [
    useCuda
    useMetalKit
    useOpenCL
    useRocm
-    useVulkan
  ],
  useCuda ? config.cudaSupport,
  useMetalKit ? stdenv.isAarch64 && stdenv.isDarwin && !useOpenCL,
  useMpi ? false, # Increases the runtime closure size by ~700M
  useOpenCL ? false,
  useRocm ? config.rocmSupport,
-  useVulkan ? false,
  llamaVersion ? "0.0.0", # Arbitrary version, substituted by the flake
 }@inputs:

@@ -52,8 +48,7 @@ let
    ++ lib.optionals useMetalKit [ "MetalKit" ]
    ++ lib.optionals useMpi [ "MPI" ]
    ++ lib.optionals useOpenCL [ "OpenCL" ]
-    ++ lib.optionals useRocm [ "ROCm" ]
-    ++ lib.optionals useVulkan [ "Vulkan" ];
+    ++ lib.optionals useRocm [ "ROCm" ];

  pnameSuffix =
    strings.optionalString (suffices != [ ])
@@ -78,7 +73,6 @@ let
    ps: [
      ps.numpy
      ps.sentencepiece
-      ps.tiktoken
      ps.torchWithoutCuda
      ps.transformers
    ]
@@ -113,11 +107,6 @@ let
    hipblas
    rocblas
  ];
-
-  vulkanBuildInputs = [
-    vulkan-headers
-    vulkan-loader
-  ];
 in

 effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (
@@ -125,22 +114,14 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (
    pname = "llama-cpp${pnameSuffix}";
    version = llamaVersion;

-    # Note: none of the files discarded here are visible in the sandbox or
-    # affect the output hash. This also means they can be modified without
-    # triggering a rebuild.
    src = lib.cleanSourceWith {
      filter =
        name: type:
-        let
-          noneOf = builtins.all (x: !x);
-          baseName = baseNameOf name;
-        in
-        noneOf [
+        !(builtins.any (_: _) [
          (lib.hasSuffix ".nix" name) # Ignore *.nix files when computing outPaths
-          (lib.hasSuffix ".md" name) # Ignore *.md changes whe computing outPaths
-          (lib.hasPrefix "." baseName) # Skip hidden files and directories
-          (baseName == "flake.lock")
-        ];
+          (name == "README.md") # Ignore *.md changes whe computing outPaths
+          (lib.hasPrefix "." name) # Skip hidden files and directories
+        ]);
      src = lib.cleanSource ../../.;
    };

@@ -174,12 +155,11 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (
      ++ optionals useCuda cudaBuildInputs
      ++ optionals useMpi [ mpi ]
      ++ optionals useOpenCL [ clblast ]
-      ++ optionals useRocm rocmBuildInputs
-      ++ optionals useVulkan vulkanBuildInputs;
+      ++ optionals useRocm rocmBuildInputs;

    cmakeFlags =
      [
-        (cmakeBool "LLAMA_NATIVE" false)
+        (cmakeBool "LLAMA_NATIVE" true)
        (cmakeBool "LLAMA_BUILD_SERVER" true)
        (cmakeBool "BUILD_SHARED_LIBS" true)
        (cmakeBool "CMAKE_SKIP_BUILD_RPATH" true)
@@ -189,7 +169,6 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (
        (cmakeBool "LLAMA_HIPBLAS" useRocm)
        (cmakeBool "LLAMA_METAL" useMetalKit)
        (cmakeBool "LLAMA_MPI" useMpi)
-        (cmakeBool "LLAMA_VULKAN" useVulkan)
      ]
      ++ optionals useCuda [
        (
@@ -230,7 +209,6 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (
        useMpi
        useOpenCL
        useRocm
-        useVulkan
        ;

      shell = mkShell {
@@ -238,9 +216,6 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (
        description = "contains numpy and sentencepiece";
        buildInputs = [ llama-python ];
        inputsFrom = [ finalAttrs.finalPackage ];
-        shellHook = ''
-          addToSearchPath "LD_LIBRARY_PATH" "${lib.getLib effectiveStdenv.cc.cc}/lib"
-        '';
      };

      shell-extra = mkShell {
@@ -255,11 +230,11 @@ effectiveStdenv.mkDerivation (
      # Configurations we don't want even the CI to evaluate. Results in the
      # "unsupported platform" messages. This is mostly a no-op, because
      # cudaPackages would've refused to evaluate anyway.
-      badPlatforms = optionals (useCuda || useOpenCL || useVulkan) lib.platforms.darwin;
+      badPlatforms = optionals (useCuda || useOpenCL) lib.platforms.darwin;

      # Configurations that are known to result in build failures. Can be
      # overridden by importing Nixpkgs with `allowBroken = true`.
-      broken = (useMetalKit && !effectiveStdenv.isDarwin) || (useVulkan && effectiveStdenv.isDarwin);
+      broken = (useMetalKit && !effectiveStdenv.isDarwin);

      description = "Inference of LLaMA model in pure C/C++${descriptionSuffix}";
      homepage = "https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/";
--- a/.devops/nix/scope.nix
+++ b/.devops/nix/scope.nix
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@
  llamaVersion ? "0.0.0",
 }:

-# We're using `makeScope` instead of just writing out an attrset
-# because it allows users to apply overlays later using `overrideScope'`.
-# Cf. https://noogle.dev/f/lib/makeScope
-
 lib.makeScope newScope (
  self: {
    inherit llamaVersion;
--- a/.devops/server-cuda.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/server-cuda.Dockerfile
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
-# This needs to generally match the container host's environment.
-ARG CUDA_VERSION=11.7.1
-# Target the CUDA build image
-ARG BASE_CUDA_DEV_CONTAINER=nvidia/cuda:${CUDA_VERSION}-devel-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}
-# Target the CUDA runtime image
-ARG BASE_CUDA_RUN_CONTAINER=nvidia/cuda:${CUDA_VERSION}-runtime-ubuntu${UBUNTU_VERSION}
-
-FROM ${BASE_CUDA_DEV_CONTAINER} as build
-
-# Unless otherwise specified, we make a fat build.
-ARG CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=all
-
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y build-essential git
-
-WORKDIR /app
-
-COPY . .
-
-# Set nvcc architecture
-ENV CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=${CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH}
-# Enable cuBLAS
-ENV LLAMA_CUBLAS=1
-
-RUN make
-
-FROM ${BASE_CUDA_RUN_CONTAINER} as runtime
-
-COPY --from=build /app/server /server
-
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/server" ]
--- a/.devops/server-intel.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/server-intel.Dockerfile
@@ -1,28 +0,0 @@
-ARG ONEAPI_VERSION=2024.0.1-devel-ubuntu22.04
-
-FROM intel/oneapi-basekit:$ONEAPI_VERSION as build
-
-ARG LLAMA_SYCL_F16=OFF
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y git
-
-WORKDIR /app
-
-COPY . .
-
-RUN mkdir build && \
-    cd build && \
-    if [ "${LLAMA_SYCL_F16}" = "ON" ]; then \
-        echo "LLAMA_SYCL_F16 is set" && \
-        export OPT_SYCL_F16="-DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON"; \
-    fi && \
-    cmake .. -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx ${OPT_SYCL_F16} && \
-    cmake --build . --config Release --target server
-
-FROM intel/oneapi-basekit:$ONEAPI_VERSION as runtime
-
-COPY --from=build /app/build/bin/server /server
-
-ENV LC_ALL=C.utf8
-
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/server" ]
--- a/.devops/server-rocm.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/server-rocm.Dockerfile
@@ -1,45 +0,0 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
-
-# This needs to generally match the container host's environment.
-ARG ROCM_VERSION=5.6
-
-# Target the CUDA build image
-ARG BASE_ROCM_DEV_CONTAINER=rocm/dev-ubuntu-${UBUNTU_VERSION}:${ROCM_VERSION}-complete
-
-FROM ${BASE_ROCM_DEV_CONTAINER} as build
-
-# Unless otherwise specified, we make a fat build.
-# List from https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/1087#issuecomment-1682807878
-# This is mostly tied to rocBLAS supported archs.
-ARG ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH=\
-    gfx803 \
-    gfx900 \
-    gfx906 \
-    gfx908 \
-    gfx90a \
-    gfx1010 \
-    gfx1030 \
-    gfx1100 \
-    gfx1101 \
-    gfx1102
-
-COPY requirements.txt   requirements.txt
-COPY requirements       requirements
-
-RUN pip install --upgrade pip setuptools wheel \
-    && pip install -r requirements.txt
-
-WORKDIR /app
-
-COPY . .
-
-# Set nvcc architecture
-ENV GPU_TARGETS=${ROCM_DOCKER_ARCH}
-# Enable ROCm
-ENV LLAMA_HIPBLAS=1
-ENV CC=/opt/rocm/llvm/bin/clang
-ENV CXX=/opt/rocm/llvm/bin/clang++
-
-RUN make
-
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/app/server" ]
--- a/.devops/server-vulkan.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/server-vulkan.Dockerfile
@@ -1,29 +0,0 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=jammy
-
-FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION as build
-
-# Install build tools
-RUN apt update && apt install -y git build-essential cmake wget
-
-# Install Vulkan SDK
-RUN wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | apt-key add - && \
-    wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list && \
-    apt update -y && \
-    apt-get install -y vulkan-sdk
-
-# Build it
-WORKDIR /app
-COPY . .
-RUN mkdir build && \
-    cd build && \
-    cmake .. -DLLAMA_VULKAN=1 && \
-    cmake --build . --config Release --target server
-
-# Clean up
-WORKDIR /
-RUN cp /app/build/bin/server /server && \
-    rm -rf /app
-
-ENV LC_ALL=C.utf8
-
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/server" ]
--- a/.devops/server.Dockerfile
+++ b/.devops/server.Dockerfile
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-ARG UBUNTU_VERSION=22.04
-
-FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION as build
-
-RUN apt-get update && \
-    apt-get install -y build-essential git
-
-WORKDIR /app
-
-COPY . .
-
-RUN make
-
-FROM ubuntu:$UBUNTU_VERSION as runtime
-
-COPY --from=build /app/server /server
-
-ENV LC_ALL=C.utf8
-
-ENTRYPOINT [ "/server" ]
--- a/.ecrc
+++ b/.ecrc
@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 {
-  "Exclude": ["^\\.gitmodules$"],
  "Disable": {
    "IndentSize": true
  }
--- a/.flake8
+++ b/.flake8
@@ -1,3 +1,2 @@
 [flake8]
 max-line-length = 125
-ignore = W503
--- a/.github/workflows/build.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -72,7 +72,7 @@ jobs:
        id: cmake_test
        run: |
          cd build
-          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900
+          ctest --verbose --timeout 900

  ubuntu-latest-cmake-sanitizer:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -107,7 +107,7 @@ jobs:
        id: cmake_test
        run: |
          cd build
-          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900
+          ctest --verbose --timeout 900

  ubuntu-latest-cmake-mpi:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
@@ -141,89 +141,7 @@ jobs:
        id: cmake_test
        run: |
          cd build
-          ctest -L main --verbose
-
-  ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-
-    continue-on-error: true
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: add oneAPI to apt
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          cd /tmp
-          wget https://apt.repos.intel.com/intel-gpg-keys/GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo apt-key add GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          rm GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all main"
-
-      - name: install oneAPI dpcpp compiler
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp
-
-      - name: install oneAPI MKL library
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-mkl-devel
-
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run: |
-          source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx ..
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)
-
-  ubuntu-22-cmake-sycl-fp16:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-22.04
-
-    continue-on-error: true
-
-    steps:
-      - uses: actions/checkout@v2
-
-      - name: add oneAPI to apt
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          cd /tmp
-          wget https://apt.repos.intel.com/intel-gpg-keys/GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo apt-key add GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          rm GPG-PUB-KEY-INTEL-SW-PRODUCTS.PUB
-          sudo add-apt-repository "deb https://apt.repos.intel.com/oneapi all main"
-
-      - name: install oneAPI dpcpp compiler
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt update
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-compiler-dpcpp-cpp
-
-      - name: install oneAPI MKL library
-        shell: bash
-        run: |
-          sudo apt install intel-oneapi-mkl-devel
-
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run: |
-          source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-          mkdir build
-          cd build
-          cmake -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON ..
-          cmake --build . --config Release -j $(nproc)
+          ctest --verbose

  # TODO: build with LLAMA_NO_METAL because test-backend-ops fail on "Apple Paravirtual device" and I don't know
  #       how to debug it.
@@ -284,7 +202,7 @@ jobs:
        id: cmake_test
        run: |
          cd build
-          ctest -L main --verbose --timeout 900
+          ctest --verbose --timeout 900

  macOS-latest-cmake-ios:
    runs-on: macos-latest
@@ -377,8 +295,7 @@ jobs:
      OPENBLAS_VERSION: 0.3.23
      OPENCL_VERSION: 2023.04.17
      CLBLAST_VERSION: 1.6.0
-      SDE_VERSION: 9.33.0-2024-01-07
-      VULKAN_VERSION: 1.3.261.1
+      SDE_VERSION: 9.21.1-2023-04-24

    strategy:
      matrix:
@@ -395,10 +312,6 @@ jobs:
            defines: '-DLLAMA_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DLLAMA_CLBLAST=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DCMAKE_PREFIX_PATH="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/clblast"'
          - build: 'openblas'
            defines: '-DLLAMA_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DLLAMA_BLAS=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON -DLLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR=OpenBLAS -DBLAS_INCLUDE_DIRS="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/openblas/include" -DBLAS_LIBRARIES="$env:RUNNER_TEMP/openblas/lib/openblas.lib"'
-          - build: 'kompute'
-            defines: '-DLLAMA_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DLLAMA_KOMPUTE=ON -DKOMPUTE_OPT_DISABLE_VULKAN_VERSION_CHECK=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON'
-          - build: 'vulkan'
-            defines: '-DLLAMA_NATIVE=OFF -DLLAMA_BUILD_SERVER=ON -DLLAMA_VULKAN=ON -DBUILD_SHARED_LIBS=ON'

    steps:
      - name: Clone
@@ -407,12 +320,6 @@ jobs:
        with:
          fetch-depth: 0

-      - name: Clone Kompute submodule
-        id: clone_kompute
-        if: ${{ matrix.build == 'kompute' }}
-        run: |
-          git submodule update --init kompute
-
      - name: Download OpenCL SDK
        id: get_opencl
        if: ${{ matrix.build == 'clblast' }}
@@ -447,15 +354,6 @@ jobs:
          $lib =  $(join-path $msvc 'bin\Hostx64\x64\lib.exe')
          & $lib /machine:x64 "/def:${env:RUNNER_TEMP}/openblas/lib/libopenblas.def" "/out:${env:RUNNER_TEMP}/openblas/lib/openblas.lib" /name:openblas.dll

-      - name: Install Vulkan SDK
-        id: get_vulkan
-        if: ${{ matrix.build == 'kompute' || matrix.build == 'vulkan' }}
-        run: |
-          curl.exe -o $env:RUNNER_TEMP/VulkanSDK-Installer.exe -L "https://sdk.lunarg.com/sdk/download/${env:VULKAN_VERSION}/windows/VulkanSDK-${env:VULKAN_VERSION}-Installer.exe"
-          & "$env:RUNNER_TEMP\VulkanSDK-Installer.exe" --accept-licenses --default-answer --confirm-command install
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_ENV "VULKAN_SDK=C:\VulkanSDK\${env:VULKAN_VERSION}"
-          Add-Content $env:GITHUB_PATH "C:\VulkanSDK\${env:VULKAN_VERSION}\bin"
-
      - name: Build
        id: cmake_build
        run: |
@@ -493,23 +391,22 @@ jobs:

      - name: Test
        id: cmake_test
-        # not all machines have native AVX-512
-        if: ${{ matrix.build != 'clblast' && matrix.build != 'kompute' && matrix.build != 'vulkan' && (matrix.build != 'avx512' || env.HAS_AVX512F == '1') }}
+        if: ${{ matrix.build != 'clblast' && (matrix.build != 'avx512' || env.HAS_AVX512F == '1') }} # not all machines have native AVX-512
        run: |
          cd build
-          ctest -L main -C Release --verbose --timeout 900
+          ctest -C Release --verbose --timeout 900

      - name: Test (Intel SDE)
        id: cmake_test_sde
        if: ${{ matrix.build == 'avx512' && env.HAS_AVX512F == '0' }} # use Intel SDE for AVX-512 emulation
        run: |
-          curl.exe -o $env:RUNNER_TEMP/sde.tar.xz -L "https://downloadmirror.intel.com/813591/sde-external-${env:SDE_VERSION}-win.tar.xz"
+          curl.exe -o $env:RUNNER_TEMP/sde.tar.xz -L "https://downloadmirror.intel.com/777395/sde-external-${env:SDE_VERSION}-win.tar.xz"
          # for some weird reason windows tar doesn't like sde tar.xz
          7z x "-o${env:RUNNER_TEMP}" $env:RUNNER_TEMP/sde.tar.xz
          7z x "-o${env:RUNNER_TEMP}" $env:RUNNER_TEMP/sde.tar
          $sde = $(join-path $env:RUNNER_TEMP sde-external-${env:SDE_VERSION}-win/sde.exe)
          cd build
-          & $sde -future -- ctest -L main -C Release --verbose --timeout 900
+          & $sde -future -- ctest -C Release --verbose --timeout 900

      - name: Determine tag name
        id: tag
@@ -608,31 +505,6 @@ jobs:
          path: |
            cudart-llama-bin-win-cu${{ matrix.cuda }}-x64.zip

-  windows-latest-cmake-sycl:
-    runs-on: windows-latest
-    defaults:
-      run:
-        shell: bash
-
-    env:
-      WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL: https://registrationcenter-download.intel.com/akdlm/IRC_NAS/62641e01-1e8d-4ace-91d6-ae03f7f8a71f/w_BaseKit_p_2024.0.0.49563_offline.exe
-      WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL: intel.oneapi.win.cpp-dpcpp-common:intel.oneapi.win.mkl.devel
-
-
-    steps:
-      - name: Clone
-        id: checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
-        with:
-          fetch-depth: 0
-
-      - name: Install
-        run:  scripts/install-oneapi.bat $WINDOWS_BASEKIT_URL $WINDOWS_DPCPP_MKL
-
-      - name: Build
-        id: cmake_build
-        run:  examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat
-
  ios-xcode-build:
    runs-on: macos-latest

--- a/.github/workflows/docker.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/docker.yml
@@ -28,18 +28,13 @@ jobs:
        config:
          - { tag: "light", dockerfile: ".devops/main.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64" }
          - { tag: "full", dockerfile: ".devops/full.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64" }
-          - { tag: "server", dockerfile: ".devops/server.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64" }
          # NOTE(canardletter): The CUDA builds on arm64 are very slow, so I
          #                     have disabled them for now until the reason why
          #                     is understood.
          - { tag: "light-cuda", dockerfile: ".devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64" }
          - { tag: "full-cuda", dockerfile: ".devops/full-cuda.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64" }
-          - { tag: "server-cuda", dockerfile: ".devops/server-cuda.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64" }
          - { tag: "light-rocm", dockerfile: ".devops/main-rocm.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64" }
          - { tag: "full-rocm", dockerfile: ".devops/full-rocm.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64" }
-          - { tag: "server-rocm", dockerfile: ".devops/server-rocm.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64,linux/arm64" }
-          - { tag: "light-intel", dockerfile: ".devops/main-intel.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64" }
-          - { tag: "server-intel", dockerfile: ".devops/server-intel.Dockerfile", platforms: "linux/amd64" }
    steps:
      - name: Check out the repo
        uses: actions/checkout@v3
--- a/.github/workflows/editorconfig.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/editorconfig.yml
@@ -1,12 +1,6 @@
 name: EditorConfig Checker

 on:
-  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
-    inputs:
-      create_release:
-        description: 'Create new release'
-        required: true
-        type: boolean
  push:
    branches:
      - master
--- a/.github/workflows/nix-ci-aarch64.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nix-ci-aarch64.yml
@@ -2,20 +2,13 @@ name: Nix aarch64 builds

 on:
  workflow_dispatch: # allows manual triggering
-  schedule:
-    # Rebuild daily rather than on every push because QEMU is expensive (e.g.
-    # 1.5h instead of minutes with the cold cache).
-    #
-    # randint(0, 59), randint(0, 23)
-    - cron: '26 12 * * *'
-  # But also rebuild if we touched any of the Nix expressions:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
-    paths: ['**/*.nix', 'flake.lock']
+    paths: ['.github/workflows/**', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.sh', '**/*.py', '**/*.nix']
  pull_request:
    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
-    paths: ['**/*.nix', 'flake.lock']
+    paths: ['**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.sh', '**/*.py', '**/*.nix']

 jobs:
  nix-build-aarch64:
--- a/.github/workflows/nix-ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/nix-ci.yml
@@ -5,8 +5,10 @@ on:
  push:
    branches:
      - master
+    paths: ['.github/workflows/**', '**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.sh', '**/*.py', '**/*.nix']
  pull_request:
    types: [opened, synchronize, reopened]
+    paths: ['**/CMakeLists.txt', '**/Makefile', '**/*.h', '**/*.hpp', '**/*.c', '**/*.cpp', '**/*.cu', '**/*.swift', '**/*.m', '**/*.sh', '**/*.py', '**/*.nix']

 jobs:
  nix-eval:
--- a/.github/workflows/python-lint.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/python-lint.yml
@@ -16,5 +16,5 @@ jobs:
      - name: flake8 Lint
        uses: py-actions/flake8@v2
        with:
-            ignore: "E203,E211,E221,E225,E231,E241,E251,E261,E266,E501,E701,E704,W503"
+            ignore: "E203,E211,E221,E225,E231,E241,E251,E261,E266,E501,E701,E704"
            exclude: "examples/*,examples/*/**,*/**/__init__.py"
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@
 lcov-report/
 gcovr-report/

-build*
+build*/
 out/
 tmp/

@@ -89,4 +89,19 @@ examples/jeopardy/results.txt

 poetry.lock
 poetry.toml
-nppBackup
+
+# Test binaries
+/tests/test-grammar-parser
+/tests/test-llama-grammar
+/tests/test-double-float
+/tests/test-grad0
+/tests/test-opt
+/tests/test-quantize-fns
+/tests/test-quantize-perf
+/tests/test-sampling
+/tests/test-tokenizer-0-llama
+/tests/test-tokenizer-0-falcon
+/tests/test-tokenizer-1-llama
+/tests/test-tokenizer-1-bpe
+/tests/test-rope
+/tests/test-backend-ops
--- a/.gitmodules
+++ b/.gitmodules
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-[submodule "kompute"]
-	path = kompute
-	url = https://github.com/nomic-ai/kompute.git
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)  # for add_link_options and implicit target directories.
 project("llama.cpp" C CXX)
-include(CheckIncludeFileCXX)

 set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)

@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@ option(BUILD_SHARED_LIBS                "build shared libraries"
 option(LLAMA_STATIC                     "llama: static link libraries"                          OFF)
 option(LLAMA_NATIVE                     "llama: enable -march=native flag"                      ON)
 option(LLAMA_LTO                        "llama: enable link time optimization"                  OFF)
-option(LLAMA_CCACHE                     "llama: use ccache if available"                        ON)

 # debug
 option(LLAMA_ALL_WARNINGS               "llama: enable all compiler warnings"                   ON)
@@ -79,7 +77,7 @@ if (NOT MSVC)
 endif()

 if (WIN32)
-    set(LLAMA_WIN_VER "0x602" CACHE STRING "llama: Windows Version")
+    option(LLAMA_WIN_VER                     "llama: Windows Version"                           0x602)
 endif()

 # 3rd party libs
@@ -99,43 +97,24 @@ set(LLAMA_CUDA_PEER_MAX_BATCH_SIZE "128" CACHE STRING
 option(LLAMA_HIPBLAS                         "llama: use hipBLAS"                               OFF)
 option(LLAMA_HIP_UMA                         "llama: use HIP unified memory architecture"       OFF)
 option(LLAMA_CLBLAST                         "llama: use CLBlast"                               OFF)
-option(LLAMA_VULKAN                          "llama: use Vulkan"                                OFF)
-option(LLAMA_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS            "llama: run Vulkan op checks"                      OFF)
-option(LLAMA_VULKAN_DEBUG                    "llama: enable Vulkan debug output"                OFF)
-option(LLAMA_VULKAN_VALIDATE                 "llama: enable Vulkan validation"                  OFF)
-option(LLAMA_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS                "llama: run Vulkan tests"                          OFF)
 option(LLAMA_METAL                           "llama: use Metal"                                 ${LLAMA_METAL_DEFAULT})
 option(LLAMA_METAL_NDEBUG                    "llama: disable Metal debugging"                   OFF)
 option(LLAMA_METAL_SHADER_DEBUG              "llama: compile Metal with -fno-fast-math"         OFF)
-option(LLAMA_KOMPUTE                         "llama: use Kompute"                               OFF)
 option(LLAMA_MPI                             "llama: use MPI"                                   OFF)
 option(LLAMA_QKK_64                          "llama: use super-block size of 64 for k-quants"   OFF)
-option(LLAMA_SYCL                            "llama: use SYCL"                                  OFF)
-option(LLAMA_SYCL_F16                        "llama: use 16 bit floats for sycl calculations"   OFF)

 option(LLAMA_BUILD_TESTS                     "llama: build tests"    ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
 option(LLAMA_BUILD_EXAMPLES                  "llama: build examples" ${LLAMA_STANDALONE})
 option(LLAMA_BUILD_SERVER                    "llama: build server example"                      ON)

-
-# add perf arguments
-option(LLAMA_PERF                            "llama: enable perf"                               OFF)
-if (LLAMA_PERF)
-    add_definitions(-DGGML_PERF)
-endif()
-
 # Required for relocatable CMake package
 include(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/scripts/build-info.cmake)

 #
 # Compile flags
 #
-if (LLAMA_SYCL)
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 17)
-else()
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
-endif()

+set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
 set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED true)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 11)
 set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD_REQUIRED true)
@@ -422,41 +401,6 @@ if (LLAMA_CLBLAST)
    endif()
 endif()

-if (LLAMA_VULKAN)
-    find_package(Vulkan)
-    if (Vulkan_FOUND)
-        message(STATUS "Vulkan found")
-
-        add_library(ggml-vulkan OBJECT ggml-vulkan.cpp ggml-vulkan.h)
-        if (BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
-            set_target_properties(ggml-vulkan PROPERTIES POSITION_INDEPENDENT_CODE ON)
-        endif()
-        target_link_libraries(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE Vulkan::Vulkan)
-
-        add_compile_definitions(GGML_USE_VULKAN)
-
-        if (LLAMA_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS)
-            target_compile_definitions(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE GGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS)
-        endif()
-
-        if (LLAMA_VULKAN_DEBUG)
-            target_compile_definitions(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE GGML_VULKAN_DEBUG)
-        endif()
-
-        if (LLAMA_VULKAN_VALIDATE)
-            target_compile_definitions(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE GGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE)
-        endif()
-
-        if (LLAMA_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS)
-            target_compile_definitions(ggml-vulkan PRIVATE GGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS)
-        endif()
-
-        set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} ggml-vulkan)
-    else()
-        message(WARNING "Vulkan not found")
-    endif()
-endif()
-
 if (LLAMA_HIPBLAS)
    list(APPEND CMAKE_PREFIX_PATH /opt/rocm)

@@ -502,189 +446,6 @@ if (LLAMA_HIPBLAS)
    endif()
 endif()

-if (LLAMA_SYCL)
-    if ( NOT DEFINED ENV{ONEAPI_ROOT})
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "Not detect ENV {ONEAPI_ROOT}, please install oneAPI & source it, like: source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh")
-    endif()
-    #todo: AOT
-
-    find_package(IntelSYCL REQUIRED)
-    if (LLAMA_SYCL_F16)
-        add_compile_definitions(GGML_SYCL_F16)
-    endif()
-    add_compile_definitions(GGML_USE_SYCL)
-
-    add_compile_options(-I./) #include DPCT
-    add_compile_options(-I/${SYCL_INCLUDE_DIR})
-
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-narrowing")
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -O3")
-    set(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -fsycl -L${MKLROOT}/lib")
-
-    set(GGML_HEADERS_SYCL ggml.h ggml-sycl.h)
-    set(GGML_SOURCES_SYCL ggml-sycl.cpp)
-
-    if (WIN32)
-        set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} -fsycl sycl7 OpenCL mkl_sycl_blas_dll.lib mkl_intel_ilp64_dll.lib mkl_sequential_dll.lib mkl_core_dll.lib)
-    else()
-        set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} -fsycl OpenCL mkl_core pthread m dl mkl_sycl_blas mkl_intel_ilp64 mkl_tbb_thread)
-    endif()
-endif()
-
-if (LLAMA_KOMPUTE)
-    add_compile_definitions(VULKAN_HPP_DISPATCH_LOADER_DYNAMIC=1)
-    find_package(Vulkan COMPONENTS glslc REQUIRED)
-    find_program(glslc_executable NAMES glslc HINTS Vulkan::glslc)
-    if (NOT glslc_executable)
-        message(FATAL_ERROR "glslc not found")
-    endif()
-
-    function(compile_shader)
-      set(options)
-      set(oneValueArgs)
-      set(multiValueArgs SOURCES)
-      cmake_parse_arguments(compile_shader "${options}" "${oneValueArgs}" "${multiValueArgs}" ${ARGN})
-      foreach(source ${compile_shader_SOURCES})
-        get_filename_component(filename ${source} NAME)
-        set(spv_file ${filename}.spv)
-        add_custom_command(
-            OUTPUT ${spv_file}
-            DEPENDS ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${source}
-              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/common.comp
-              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/op_getrows.comp
-              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n_pre.comp
-              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute-shaders/op_mul_mv_q_n.comp
-              COMMAND ${glslc_executable} --target-env=vulkan1.2 -o ${spv_file} ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${source}
-            COMMENT "Compiling ${source} to ${spv_file}"
-        )
-
-        get_filename_component(RAW_FILE_NAME ${spv_file} NAME)
-        set(FILE_NAME "shader${RAW_FILE_NAME}")
-        string(REPLACE ".comp.spv" ".h" HEADER_FILE ${FILE_NAME})
-        string(TOUPPER ${HEADER_FILE} HEADER_FILE_DEFINE)
-        string(REPLACE "." "_" HEADER_FILE_DEFINE "${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}")
-        set(OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE "${HEADER_FILE}")
-        message(STATUS "${HEADER_FILE} generating ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}")
-        if(CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "Visual Studio")
-            add_custom_command(
-              OUTPUT ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "/*THIS FILE HAS BEEN AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED - DO NOT EDIT*/" > ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#ifndef ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace kp {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace shader_data {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/$<CONFIG>/xxd -i ${RAW_FILE_NAME} >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "}}" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#endif // define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              DEPENDS ${spv_file} xxd
-              COMMENT "Converting to hpp: ${FILE_NAME} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/$<CONFIG>/xxd"
-            )
-        else()
-            add_custom_command(
-              OUTPUT ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "/*THIS FILE HAS BEEN AUTOMATICALLY GENERATED - DO NOT EDIT*/" > ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#ifndef ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace kp {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "namespace shader_data {" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/xxd -i ${RAW_FILE_NAME} >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo "}}" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E echo \"\#endif // define ${HEADER_FILE_DEFINE}\" >> ${OUTPUT_HEADER_FILE}
-              DEPENDS ${spv_file} xxd
-              COMMENT "Converting to hpp: ${FILE_NAME} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR}/bin/xxd"
-            )
-        endif()
-      endforeach()
-    endfunction()
-
-    if (EXISTS "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/kompute/CMakeLists.txt")
-        message(STATUS "Kompute found")
-        set(KOMPUTE_OPT_LOG_LEVEL Error CACHE STRING "Kompute log level")
-        add_subdirectory(kompute)
-
-        # Compile our shaders
-        compile_shader(SOURCES
-          kompute-shaders/op_scale.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_scale_8.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_add.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_addrow.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_mul.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_silu.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_relu.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_gelu.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_softmax.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_norm.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_rmsnorm.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_diagmask.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_mat_f32.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_f16.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q8_0.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_0.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q4_1.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_mul_mat_q6_k.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_getrows_f16.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_0.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q4_1.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_getrows_q6_k.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_rope_f16.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_rope_f32.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f16.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f16_f32.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f16.comp
-          kompute-shaders/op_cpy_f32_f32.comp
-        )
-
-        # Create a custom target for our generated shaders
-        add_custom_target(generated_shaders DEPENDS
-          shaderop_scale.h
-          shaderop_scale_8.h
-          shaderop_add.h
-          shaderop_addrow.h
-          shaderop_mul.h
-          shaderop_silu.h
-          shaderop_relu.h
-          shaderop_gelu.h
-          shaderop_softmax.h
-          shaderop_norm.h
-          shaderop_rmsnorm.h
-          shaderop_diagmask.h
-          shaderop_mul_mat_mat_f32.h
-          shaderop_mul_mat_f16.h
-          shaderop_mul_mat_q8_0.h
-          shaderop_mul_mat_q4_0.h
-          shaderop_mul_mat_q4_1.h
-          shaderop_mul_mat_q6_k.h
-          shaderop_getrows_f16.h
-          shaderop_getrows_q4_0.h
-          shaderop_getrows_q4_1.h
-          shaderop_getrows_q6_k.h
-          shaderop_rope_f16.h
-          shaderop_rope_f32.h
-          shaderop_cpy_f16_f16.h
-          shaderop_cpy_f16_f32.h
-          shaderop_cpy_f32_f16.h
-          shaderop_cpy_f32_f32.h
-        )
-
-        # Create a custom command that depends on the generated_shaders
-        add_custom_command(
-            OUTPUT ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-kompute.stamp
-            COMMAND ${CMAKE_COMMAND} -E touch ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-kompute.stamp
-            DEPENDS generated_shaders
-            COMMENT "Ensuring shaders are generated before compiling ggml-kompute.cpp"
-        )
-
-        # Add the stamp to the main sources to ensure dependency tracking
-        set(GGML_SOURCES_KOMPUTE ggml-kompute.cpp ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-kompute.stamp)
-        set(GGML_HEADERS_KOMPUTE ggml-kompute.h ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/ggml-kompute.stamp)
-        add_compile_definitions(GGML_USE_KOMPUTE)
-        set(LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS ${LLAMA_EXTRA_LIBS} kompute)
-        set(LLAMA_EXTRA_INCLUDES ${LLAMA_EXTRA_INCLUDES} ${CMAKE_BINARY_DIR})
-    else()
-        message(WARNING "Kompute not found")
-    endif()
-endif()
-
 function(get_flags CCID CCVER)
    set(C_FLAGS "")
    set(CXX_FLAGS "")
@@ -697,24 +458,17 @@ function(get_flags CCID CCVER)
            (CCID STREQUAL "Clang"      AND CCVER VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 3.8.0) OR
            (CCID STREQUAL "AppleClang" AND CCVER VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 7.3.0)
        )
-            list(APPEND C_FLAGS -Wdouble-promotion)
+            set(C_FLAGS ${C_FLAGS} -Wdouble-promotion)
        endif()
    elseif (CCID STREQUAL "GNU")
        set(C_FLAGS   -Wdouble-promotion)
        set(CXX_FLAGS -Wno-array-bounds)

        if (CCVER VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 7.1.0)
-            list(APPEND CXX_FLAGS -Wno-format-truncation)
+            set(CXX_FLAGS ${CXX_FLAGS} -Wno-format-truncation)
        endif()
        if (CCVER VERSION_GREATER_EQUAL 8.1.0)
-            list(APPEND CXX_FLAGS -Wextra-semi)
-        endif()
-    elseif (CCID MATCHES "Intel")
-        if (NOT LLAMA_SYCL)
-            # enable max optimization level when using Intel compiler
-            set(C_FLAGS   -ipo -O3 -static -fp-model=fast -flto -fno-stack-protector)
-            set(CXX_FLAGS -ipo -O3 -static -fp-model=fast -flto -fno-stack-protector)
-            add_link_options(-fuse-ld=lld -static-intel)
+            set(CXX_FLAGS ${CXX_FLAGS} -Wextra-semi)
        endif()
    endif()

@@ -743,18 +497,16 @@ if (LLAMA_ALL_WARNINGS)
    endif()
 endif()

-set(CUDA_CXX_FLAGS "")
-
 if (LLAMA_CUBLAS)
    set(CUDA_FLAGS ${CXX_FLAGS} -use_fast_math)
    if (NOT MSVC)
-        list(APPEND CUDA_FLAGS -Wno-pedantic)
+        set(CUDA_FLAGS ${CUDA_FLAGS} -Wno-pedantic)
    endif()

    if (LLAMA_ALL_WARNINGS AND NOT MSVC)
        set(NVCC_CMD ${CMAKE_CUDA_COMPILER} .c)
        if (NOT CMAKE_CUDA_HOST_COMPILER STREQUAL "")
-            list(APPEND NVCC_CMD -ccbin ${CMAKE_CUDA_HOST_COMPILER})
+            set(NVCC_CMD ${NVCC_CMD} -ccbin ${CMAKE_CUDA_HOST_COMPILER})
        endif()

        execute_process(
@@ -782,8 +534,13 @@ if (LLAMA_CUBLAS)
        message("-- CUDA host compiler is ${CUDA_CCID} ${CUDA_CCVER}")

        get_flags(${CUDA_CCID} ${CUDA_CCVER})
-        list(APPEND CUDA_CXX_FLAGS ${GF_CXX_FLAGS})  # This is passed to -Xcompiler later
+        list(JOIN GF_CXX_FLAGS " " CUDA_CXX_FLAGS)  # pass host compiler flags as a single argument
+        if (NOT CUDA_CXX_FLAGS STREQUAL "")
+            set(CUDA_FLAGS ${CUDA_FLAGS} -Xcompiler ${CUDA_CXX_FLAGS})
+        endif()
    endif()
+
+    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CUDA>:${CUDA_FLAGS}>")
 endif()

 if (WIN32)
@@ -804,17 +561,6 @@ if (LLAMA_LTO)
    endif()
 endif()

-if (LLAMA_CCACHE)
-    find_program(LLAMA_CCACHE_FOUND ccache)
-    if (LLAMA_CCACHE_FOUND)
-        set_property(GLOBAL PROPERTY RULE_LAUNCH_COMPILE ccache)
-        set(ENV{CCACHE_SLOPPINESS} time_macros)
-        message(STATUS "ccache found, compilation results will be cached. Disable with LLAMA_CCACHE=OFF.")
-    else()
-        message(STATUS "Warning: ccache not found - consider installing it for faster compilation or disable this warning with LLAMA_CCACHE=OFF")
-    endif ()
-endif()
-
 # this version of Apple ld64 is buggy
 execute_process(
    COMMAND ${CMAKE_C_COMPILER} ${CMAKE_EXE_LINKER_FLAGS} -Wl,-v
@@ -848,49 +594,40 @@ if (NOT MSVC)
    endif()
 endif()

-set(ARCH_FLAGS "")
+function(add_compile_option_cpp ARG)
+    # Adds a compile option to C/C++ only, but not for Cuda.
+    # Use, e.g., for CPU-architecture flags.
+    add_compile_options($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${ARG}>)
+    add_compile_options($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:${ARG}>)
+endfunction()

-if (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "arm64" OR CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR STREQUAL "arm64" OR
-    (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR AND
-     CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(aarch64|arm.*|ARM64)$"))
+if ((${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "arm") OR (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "aarch64") OR ("${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR}" MATCHES "arm64"))
    message(STATUS "ARM detected")
    if (MSVC)
-        add_compile_definitions(__aarch64__) # MSVC defines _M_ARM64 instead
        add_compile_definitions(__ARM_NEON)
        add_compile_definitions(__ARM_FEATURE_FMA)
-
-        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_PREV ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS})
-        string(JOIN " " CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS} "/arch:armv8.2")
-        check_cxx_source_compiles("#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { int8x16_t _a, _b; int32x4_t _s = vdotq_s32(_s, _a, _b); return 0; }" GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
-        if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_DOTPROD)
-            add_compile_definitions(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
-        endif ()
-        check_cxx_source_compiles("#include <arm_neon.h>\nint main() { float16_t _a; float16x8_t _s = vdupq_n_f16(_a); return 0; }" GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
-        if (GGML_COMPILER_SUPPORT_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
-            add_compile_definitions(__ARM_FEATURE_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC)
-        endif ()
-        set(CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS ${CMAKE_REQUIRED_FLAGS_PREV})
+        add_compile_definitions(__ARM_FEATURE_DOTPROD)
+        # add_compile_definitions(__ARM_FEATURE_FP16_VECTOR_ARITHMETIC) # MSVC doesn't support vdupq_n_f16, vld1q_f16, vst1q_f16
+        add_compile_definitions(__aarch64__) # MSVC defines _M_ARM64 instead
    else()
        check_cxx_compiler_flag(-mfp16-format=ieee COMPILER_SUPPORTS_FP16_FORMAT_I3E)
        if (NOT "${COMPILER_SUPPORTS_FP16_FORMAT_I3E}" STREQUAL "")
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfp16-format=ieee)
+            add_compile_options(-mfp16-format=ieee)
        endif()
        if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "armv6")
            # Raspberry Pi 1, Zero
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfpu=neon-fp-armv8 -mno-unaligned-access)
+            add_compile_options(-mfpu=neon-fp-armv8 -mno-unaligned-access)
        endif()
        if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "armv7")
            # Raspberry Pi 2
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfpu=neon-fp-armv8 -mno-unaligned-access -funsafe-math-optimizations)
+            add_compile_options(-mfpu=neon-fp-armv8 -mno-unaligned-access -funsafe-math-optimizations)
        endif()
        if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "armv8")
            # Raspberry Pi 3, 4, Zero 2 (32-bit)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mno-unaligned-access)
+            add_compile_options(-mno-unaligned-access)
        endif()
    endif()
-elseif (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "x86_64" OR CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|amd64|x64|win32)$" OR
-        (NOT CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES AND NOT CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR AND
-         CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|AMD64)$"))
+elseif (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|AMD64)$" OR "${CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LWR}" MATCHES "^(x86_64|i686|amd64|x64)$" )
    message(STATUS "x86 detected")
    if (MSVC)
        # instruction set detection for MSVC only
@@ -898,7 +635,7 @@ elseif (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "x86_64" OR CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LW
            include(cmake/FindSIMD.cmake)
        endif ()
        if (LLAMA_AVX512)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS /arch:AVX512)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(/arch:AVX512)
            # MSVC has no compile-time flags enabling specific
            # AVX512 extensions, neither it defines the
            # macros corresponding to the extensions.
@@ -912,61 +649,49 @@ elseif (CMAKE_OSX_ARCHITECTURES STREQUAL "x86_64" OR CMAKE_GENERATOR_PLATFORM_LW
                add_compile_definitions($<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:__AVX512VNNI__>)
            endif()
        elseif (LLAMA_AVX2)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS /arch:AVX2)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(/arch:AVX2)
        elseif (LLAMA_AVX)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS /arch:AVX)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(/arch:AVX)
        endif()
    else()
        if (LLAMA_NATIVE)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -march=native)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-march=native)
        endif()
        if (LLAMA_F16C)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mf16c)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mf16c)
        endif()
        if (LLAMA_FMA)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mfma)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mfma)
        endif()
        if (LLAMA_AVX)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mavx)
        endif()
        if (LLAMA_AVX2)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx2)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mavx2)
        endif()
        if (LLAMA_AVX512)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512f)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512bw)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mavx512f)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mavx512bw)
        endif()
        if (LLAMA_AVX512_VBMI)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512vbmi)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mavx512vbmi)
        endif()
        if (LLAMA_AVX512_VNNI)
-            list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mavx512vnni)
+            add_compile_option_cpp(-mavx512vnni)
        endif()
    endif()
 elseif (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "ppc64")
    message(STATUS "PowerPC detected")
    if (${CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR} MATCHES "ppc64le")
-        list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=powerpc64le)
+        add_compile_options(-mcpu=powerpc64le)
    else()
-        list(APPEND ARCH_FLAGS -mcpu=native -mtune=native)
+        add_compile_options(-mcpu=native -mtune=native)
        #TODO: Add  targets for Power8/Power9 (Altivec/VSX) and Power10(MMA) and query for big endian systems (ppc64/le/be)
    endif()
 else()
    message(STATUS "Unknown architecture")
 endif()

-add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CXX>:${ARCH_FLAGS}>")
-add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:C>:${ARCH_FLAGS}>")
-
-if (LLAMA_CUBLAS)
-    list(APPEND CUDA_CXX_FLAGS ${ARCH_FLAGS})
-    list(JOIN CUDA_CXX_FLAGS " " CUDA_CXX_FLAGS_JOINED)  # pass host compiler flags as a single argument
-    if (NOT CUDA_CXX_FLAGS_JOINED STREQUAL "")
-        list(APPEND CUDA_FLAGS -Xcompiler ${CUDA_CXX_FLAGS_JOINED})
-    endif()
-    add_compile_options("$<$<COMPILE_LANGUAGE:CUDA>:${CUDA_FLAGS}>")
-endif()
-
 if (MINGW)
    # Target Windows 8 for PrefetchVirtualMemory
    add_compile_definitions(_WIN32_WINNT=${LLAMA_WIN_VER})
@@ -1041,13 +766,11 @@ add_library(ggml OBJECT
            ggml-backend.h
            ggml-quants.c
            ggml-quants.h
-            ${GGML_SOURCES_CUDA}    ${GGML_HEADERS_CUDA}
-            ${GGML_SOURCES_OPENCL}  ${GGML_HEADERS_OPENCL}
-            ${GGML_SOURCES_METAL}   ${GGML_HEADERS_METAL}
-            ${GGML_SOURCES_MPI}     ${GGML_HEADERS_MPI}
-            ${GGML_SOURCES_EXTRA}   ${GGML_HEADERS_EXTRA}
-            ${GGML_SOURCES_SYCL}    ${GGML_HEADERS_SYCL}
-            ${GGML_SOURCES_KOMPUTE} ${GGML_HEADERS_KOMPUTE}
+            ${GGML_SOURCES_CUDA}   ${GGML_HEADERS_CUDA}
+            ${GGML_SOURCES_OPENCL} ${GGML_HEADERS_OPENCL}
+            ${GGML_SOURCES_METAL}  ${GGML_HEADERS_METAL}
+            ${GGML_SOURCES_MPI}    ${GGML_HEADERS_MPI}
+            ${GGML_SOURCES_EXTRA}  ${GGML_HEADERS_EXTRA}
            )

 target_include_directories(ggml PUBLIC . ${LLAMA_EXTRA_INCLUDES})
@@ -1123,7 +846,7 @@ install(FILES ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/LlamaConfig.cmake
              ${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}/LlamaConfigVersion.cmake
        DESTINATION ${CMAKE_INSTALL_LIBDIR}/cmake/Llama)

-set(GGML_PUBLIC_HEADERS "ggml.h" "ggml-alloc.h" "ggml-backend.h"
+set(GGML_PUBLIC_HEADERS "ggml.h"
        "${GGML_HEADERS_CUDA}" "${GGML_HEADERS_OPENCL}"
        "${GGML_HEADERS_METAL}" "${GGML_HEADERS_MPI}" "${GGML_HEADERS_EXTRA}")

--- a/223
+++ b/223
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ TEST_TARGETS = \
 	tests/test-llama-grammar tests/test-grammar-parser tests/test-double-float tests/test-grad0 tests/test-opt \
 	tests/test-quantize-fns tests/test-quantize-perf tests/test-sampling tests/test-tokenizer-0-llama          \
 	tests/test-tokenizer-0-falcon tests/test-tokenizer-1-llama tests/test-tokenizer-1-bpe tests/test-rope      \
-	tests/test-backend-ops tests/test-model-load-cancel tests/test-autorelease
+	tests/test-backend-ops

 # Code coverage output files
 COV_TARGETS = *.gcno tests/*.gcno *.gcda tests/*.gcda *.gcov tests/*.gcov lcov-report gcovr-report
@@ -109,21 +109,8 @@ MK_NVCCFLAGS  += -O3
 else
 MK_CFLAGS     += -O3
 MK_CXXFLAGS   += -O3
-MK_NVCCFLAGS  += -O3
 endif

-ifndef LLAMA_NO_CCACHE
-CCACHE := $(shell which ccache)
-ifdef CCACHE
-export CCACHE_SLOPPINESS = time_macros
-$(info I ccache found, compilation results will be cached. Disable with LLAMA_NO_CCACHE.)
-CC    := $(CCACHE) $(CC)
-CXX   := $(CCACHE) $(CXX)
-else
-$(info I ccache not found. Consider installing it for faster compilation.)
-endif # CCACHE
-endif # LLAMA_NO_CCACHE
-
 # clock_gettime came in POSIX.1b (1993)
 # CLOCK_MONOTONIC came in POSIX.1-2001 / SUSv3 as optional
 # posix_memalign came in POSIX.1-2001 / SUSv3
@@ -378,7 +365,7 @@ ifdef LLAMA_CUBLAS
 	MK_CPPFLAGS  += -DGGML_USE_CUBLAS -I/usr/local/cuda/include -I/opt/cuda/include -I$(CUDA_PATH)/targets/x86_64-linux/include -I/usr/local/cuda/targets/aarch64-linux/include
 	MK_LDFLAGS   += -lcuda -lcublas -lculibos -lcudart -lcublasLt -lpthread -ldl -lrt -L/usr/local/cuda/lib64 -L/opt/cuda/lib64 -L$(CUDA_PATH)/targets/x86_64-linux/lib -L/usr/local/cuda/targets/aarch64-linux/lib -L/usr/lib/wsl/lib
 	OBJS         += ggml-cuda.o
-	MK_NVCCFLAGS += -use_fast_math
+	MK_NVCCFLAGS  = -use_fast_math
 ifndef JETSON_EOL_MODULE_DETECT
 	MK_NVCCFLAGS += --forward-unknown-to-host-compiler
 endif # JETSON_EOL_MODULE_DETECT
@@ -386,9 +373,9 @@ ifdef LLAMA_DEBUG
 	MK_NVCCFLAGS += -lineinfo
 endif # LLAMA_DEBUG
 ifdef LLAMA_CUDA_NVCC
-	NVCC = $(CCACHE) $(LLAMA_CUDA_NVCC)
+	NVCC = $(LLAMA_CUDA_NVCC)
 else
-	NVCC = $(CCACHE) nvcc
+	NVCC = nvcc
 endif #LLAMA_CUDA_NVCC
 ifdef CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH
 	MK_NVCCFLAGS += -Wno-deprecated-gpu-targets -arch=$(CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH)
@@ -461,31 +448,6 @@ ggml-opencl.o: ggml-opencl.cpp ggml-opencl.h
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
 endif # LLAMA_CLBLAST

-ifdef LLAMA_VULKAN
-	MK_CPPFLAGS  += -DGGML_USE_VULKAN
-	MK_LDFLAGS += -lvulkan
-	OBJS    += ggml-vulkan.o
-
-ifdef LLAMA_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS
-	MK_CPPFLAGS  += -DGGML_VULKAN_CHECK_RESULTS
-endif
-
-ifdef LLAMA_VULKAN_DEBUG
-	MK_CPPFLAGS  += -DGGML_VULKAN_DEBUG
-endif
-
-ifdef LLAMA_VULKAN_VALIDATE
-	MK_CPPFLAGS  += -DGGML_VULKAN_VALIDATE
-endif
-
-ifdef LLAMA_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS
-	MK_CPPFLAGS  += -DGGML_VULKAN_RUN_TESTS
-endif
-
-ggml-vulkan.o: ggml-vulkan.cpp ggml-vulkan.h
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $@
-endif # LLAMA_VULKAN
-
 ifdef LLAMA_HIPBLAS

 	ifeq ($(wildcard /opt/rocm),)
@@ -495,7 +457,7 @@ ifdef LLAMA_HIPBLAS
 		ROCM_PATH	?= /opt/rocm
 		GPU_TARGETS ?= $(shell $(ROCM_PATH)/llvm/bin/amdgpu-arch)
 	endif
-	HIPCC                   ?= $(CCACHE) $(ROCM_PATH)/bin/hipcc
+	HIPCC                   ?= $(ROCM_PATH)/bin/hipcc
 	LLAMA_CUDA_DMMV_X       ?= 32
 	LLAMA_CUDA_MMV_Y        ?= 1
 	LLAMA_CUDA_KQUANTS_ITER ?= 2
@@ -565,19 +527,8 @@ $(info I CFLAGS:    $(CFLAGS))
 $(info I CXXFLAGS:  $(CXXFLAGS))
 $(info I NVCCFLAGS: $(NVCCFLAGS))
 $(info I LDFLAGS:   $(LDFLAGS))
-$(info I CC:        $(shell $(CC)   --version | head -n 1))
-$(info I CXX:       $(shell $(CXX)  --version | head -n 1))
-ifdef LLAMA_CUBLAS
-$(info I NVCC:      $(shell $(NVCC) --version | tail -n 1))
-CUDA_VERSION := $(shell nvcc --version | grep -oP 'release (\K[0-9]+\.[0-9])')
-ifeq ($(shell awk -v "v=$(CUDA_VERSION)" 'BEGIN { print (v < 11.7) }'),1)
-ifndef CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH
-ifndef CUDA_POWER_ARCH
-$(error I ERROR: For CUDA versions < 11.7 a target CUDA architecture must be explicitly provided via CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH)
-endif # CUDA_POWER_ARCH
-endif # CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH
-endif # eq ($(shell echo "$(CUDA_VERSION) < 11.7" | bc),1)
-endif # LLAMA_CUBLAS
+$(info I CC:        $(shell $(CC) --version | head -n 1))
+$(info I CXX:       $(shell $(CXX) --version | head -n 1))
 $(info )

 #
@@ -622,140 +573,99 @@ train.o: common/train.cpp common/train.h
 libllama.so: llama.o ggml.o $(OBJS)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -shared -fPIC -o $@ $^ $(LDFLAGS)

-libllama.a: llama.o ggml.o $(OBJS) $(COMMON_DEPS)
-	ar rcs libllama.a llama.o ggml.o $(OBJS) $(COMMON_DEPS)
-
 clean:
-	rm -vrf *.o tests/*.o *.so *.a *.dll benchmark-matmult common/build-info.cpp *.dot $(COV_TARGETS) $(BUILD_TARGETS) $(TEST_TARGETS)
-	find examples pocs -type f -name "*.o" -delete
+	rm -vrf *.o tests/*.o *.so *.dll benchmark-matmult common/build-info.cpp *.dot $(COV_TARGETS) $(BUILD_TARGETS) $(TEST_TARGETS)

 #
 # Examples
 #

-# $< is the first prerequisite, i.e. the source file.
-# Explicitly compile this to an object file so that it can be cached with ccache.
-# The source file is then filtered out from $^ (the list of all prerequisites) and the object file is added instead.
-
-# Helper function that replaces .c, .cpp, and .cu file endings with .o:
-GET_OBJ_FILE = $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(patsubst %.cpp,%.o,$(patsubst %.cu,%.o,$(1))))
-
 main: examples/main/main.cpp                                  ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) console.o grammar-parser.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
 	@echo
 	@echo '====  Run ./main -h for help.  ===='
 	@echo

 infill: examples/infill/infill.cpp                            ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) console.o grammar-parser.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 simple: examples/simple/simple.cpp                            ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tokenize: examples/tokenize/tokenize.cpp                      ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 batched: examples/batched/batched.cpp                         ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 batched-bench: examples/batched-bench/batched-bench.cpp       build-info.o ggml.o llama.o common.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 quantize: examples/quantize/quantize.cpp                      build-info.o ggml.o llama.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 quantize-stats: examples/quantize-stats/quantize-stats.cpp    build-info.o ggml.o llama.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 perplexity: examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp                ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 imatrix: examples/imatrix/imatrix.cpp                         ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 embedding: examples/embedding/embedding.cpp                   ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 save-load-state: examples/save-load-state/save-load-state.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

-server: examples/server/server.cpp examples/server/oai.hpp examples/server/utils.hpp examples/server/httplib.h examples/server/json.hpp examples/server/index.html.hpp examples/server/index.js.hpp examples/server/completion.js.hpp examples/llava/clip.cpp examples/llava/clip.h common/stb_image.h ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) grammar-parser.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c examples/llava/clip.cpp -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, examples/llava/clip.cpp) -Wno-cast-qual
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -Iexamples/server $(filter-out %.h %.hpp $< examples/llava/clip.cpp,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, examples/llava/clip.cpp) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LWINSOCK2)
+server: examples/server/server.cpp examples/server/httplib.h examples/server/json.hpp examples/server/index.html.hpp examples/server/index.js.hpp examples/server/completion.js.hpp examples/llava/clip.cpp examples/llava/clip.h common/stb_image.h ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) grammar-parser.o $(OBJS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -Iexamples/server $(filter-out %.h,$(filter-out %.hpp,$^)) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) $(LWINSOCK2) -Wno-cast-qual

 gguf: examples/gguf/gguf.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 train-text-from-scratch: examples/train-text-from-scratch/train-text-from-scratch.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) train.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 convert-llama2c-to-ggml: examples/convert-llama2c-to-ggml/convert-llama2c-to-ggml.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 llama-bench: examples/llama-bench/llama-bench.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 libllava.a: examples/llava/llava.cpp examples/llava/llava.h examples/llava/clip.cpp examples/llava/clip.h common/stb_image.h common/base64.hpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
 	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -static -fPIC -c $< -o $@ -Wno-cast-qual

 llava-cli: examples/llava/llava-cli.cpp examples/llava/clip.h examples/llava/clip.cpp examples/llava/llava.h examples/llava/llava.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c examples/llava/clip.cpp  -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, examples/llava/clip.cpp) -Wno-cast-qual
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c examples/llava/llava.cpp -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, examples/llava/llava.cpp)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $< examples/llava/clip.cpp examples/llava/llava.cpp,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, examples/llava/clip.cpp) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, examples/llava/llava.cpp) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS) -Wno-cast-qual

 baby-llama: examples/baby-llama/baby-llama.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) train.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 beam-search: examples/beam-search/beam-search.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 finetune: examples/finetune/finetune.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) train.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 export-lora: examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp ggml.o common/common.h $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 speculative: examples/speculative/speculative.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) grammar-parser.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 parallel: examples/parallel/parallel.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 lookahead: examples/lookahead/lookahead.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 lookup: examples/lookup/lookup.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 passkey: examples/passkey/passkey.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 ifeq ($(UNAME_S),Darwin)
 swift: examples/batched.swift
@@ -763,7 +673,7 @@ swift: examples/batched.swift
 endif

 common/build-info.cpp: $(wildcard .git/index) scripts/build-info.sh
-	@sh scripts/build-info.sh "$(CC)" > $@.tmp
+	@sh scripts/build-info.sh $(CC) > $@.tmp
 	@if ! cmp -s $@.tmp $@; then \
 		mv $@.tmp $@; \
 	else \
@@ -780,8 +690,7 @@ build-info.o: common/build-info.cpp
 tests: $(TEST_TARGETS)

 benchmark-matmult: examples/benchmark/benchmark-matmult.cpp build-info.o ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 run-benchmark-matmult: benchmark-matmult
 	./$@
@@ -789,76 +698,52 @@ run-benchmark-matmult: benchmark-matmult
 .PHONY: run-benchmark-matmult swift

 vdot: pocs/vdot/vdot.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 q8dot: pocs/vdot/q8dot.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $^ -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-llama-grammar: tests/test-llama-grammar.cpp ggml.o grammar-parser.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-grammar-parser: tests/test-grammar-parser.cpp ggml.o llama.o grammar-parser.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-double-float: tests/test-double-float.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-grad0: tests/test-grad0.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-opt: tests/test-opt.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-quantize-fns: tests/test-quantize-fns.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-quantize-perf: tests/test-quantize-perf.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-sampling: tests/test-sampling.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-tokenizer-0-falcon: tests/test-tokenizer-0-falcon.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) console.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-tokenizer-0-llama: tests/test-tokenizer-0-llama.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) console.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-tokenizer-1-bpe: tests/test-tokenizer-1-bpe.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) console.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-tokenizer-1-llama: tests/test-tokenizer-1-llama.cpp ggml.o llama.o $(COMMON_DEPS) console.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-rope: tests/test-rope.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)

 tests/test-c.o: tests/test-c.c llama.h
 	$(CC) $(CFLAGS) -c $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@

 tests/test-backend-ops: tests/test-backend-ops.cpp ggml.o $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
-
-tests/test-model-load-cancel: tests/test-model-load-cancel.cpp ggml.o llama.o tests/get-model.cpp $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
-
-tests/test-autorelease: tests/test-autorelease.cpp ggml.o llama.o tests/get-model.cpp $(COMMON_DEPS) $(OBJS)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) -c $< -o $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<)
-	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h $<,$^) $(call GET_OBJ_FILE, $<) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
+	$(CXX) $(CXXFLAGS) $(filter-out %.h,$^) -o $@ $(LDFLAGS)
--- a/Package.swift
+++ b/Package.swift
@@ -13,31 +13,17 @@ let package = Package(
    products: [
        .library(name: "llama", targets: ["llama"]),
    ],
+    dependencies: [
+        .package(url: "https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml.git", .branch("release"))
+    ],
    targets: [
        .target(
            name: "llama",
+            dependencies: ["ggml"],
            path: ".",
-            exclude: [
-               "cmake",
-               "examples",
-               "scripts",
-               "models",
-               "tests",
-               "CMakeLists.txt",
-               "ggml-cuda.cu",
-               "ggml-cuda.h",
-               "Makefile"
-            ],
+            exclude: ["ggml-metal.metal"],
            sources: [
-                "ggml.c",
                "llama.cpp",
-                "ggml-alloc.c",
-                "ggml-backend.c",
-                "ggml-quants.c",
-                "ggml-metal.m",
-            ],
-            resources: [
-                .process("ggml-metal.metal")
            ],
            publicHeadersPath: "spm-headers",
            cSettings: [
--- a/README-sycl.md
+++ b/README-sycl.md
@@ -1,494 +0,0 @@
-# llama.cpp for SYCL
-
- [Background](#background)
- [OS](#os)
- [Intel GPU](#intel-gpu)
- [Docker](#docker)
- [Linux](#linux)
- [Windows](#windows)
- [Environment Variable](#environment-variable)
- [Known Issue](#known-issue)
- [Q&A](#q&a)
- [Todo](#todo)
-
-## Background
-
-SYCL is a higher-level programming model to improve programming productivity on various hardware accelerators—such as CPUs, GPUs, and FPGAs. It is a single-source embedded domain-specific language based on pure C++17.
-
-oneAPI is a specification that is open and standards-based, supporting multiple architecture types including but not limited to GPU, CPU, and FPGA. The spec has both direct programming and API-based programming paradigms.
-
-Intel uses the SYCL as direct programming language to support CPU, GPUs and FPGAs.
-
-To avoid to re-invent the wheel, this code refer other code paths in llama.cpp (like OpenBLAS, cuBLAS, CLBlast). We use a open-source tool [SYCLomatic](https://github.com/oneapi-src/SYCLomatic) (Commercial release [Intel® DPC++ Compatibility Tool](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/dpc-compatibility-tool.html)) migrate to SYCL.
-
-The llama.cpp for SYCL is used to support Intel GPUs.
-
-For Intel CPU, recommend to use llama.cpp for X86 (Intel MKL building).
-
-## OS
-
-|OS|Status|Verified|
-|-|-|-|
-|Linux|Support|Ubuntu 22.04, Fedora Silverblue 39|
-|Windows|Support|Windows 11|
-
-
-## Intel GPU
-
-### Verified
-
-|Intel GPU| Status | Verified Model|
-|-|-|-|
-|Intel Data Center Max Series| Support| Max 1550|
-|Intel Data Center Flex Series| Support| Flex 170|
-|Intel Arc Series| Support| Arc 770, 730M|
-|Intel built-in Arc GPU| Support| built-in Arc GPU in Meteor Lake|
-|Intel iGPU| Support| iGPU in i5-1250P, i7-1260P, i7-1165G7|
-
-Note: If the EUs (Execution Unit) in iGPU is less than 80, the inference speed will be too slow to use.
-
-### Memory
-
-The memory is a limitation to run LLM on GPUs.
-
-When run llama.cpp, there is print log to show the applied memory on GPU. You could know how much memory to be used in your case. Like `llm_load_tensors:            buffer size =  3577.56 MiB`.
-
-For iGPU, please make sure the shared memory from host memory is enough. For llama-2-7b.Q4_0, recommend the host memory is 8GB+.
-
-For dGPU, please make sure the device memory is enough. For llama-2-7b.Q4_0, recommend the device memory is 4GB+.
-
-## Docker
-
-Note:
- Only docker on Linux is tested. Docker on WSL may not work.
- You may need to install Intel GPU driver on the host machine (See the [Linux](#linux) section to know how to do that)
-
-### Build the image
-
-You can choose between **F16** and **F32** build. F16 is faster for long-prompt inference.
-
-
-```sh
-# For F16:
-#docker build -t llama-cpp-sycl --build-arg="LLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON" -f .devops/main-intel.Dockerfile .
-
-# Or, for F32:
-docker build -t llama-cpp-sycl -f .devops/main-intel.Dockerfile .
-
-# Note: you can also use the ".devops/main-server.Dockerfile", which compiles the "server" example
-```
-
-### Run
-
-```sh
-# Firstly, find all the DRI cards:
-ls -la /dev/dri
-# Then, pick the card that you want to use.
-
-# For example with "/dev/dri/card1"
-docker run -it --rm -v "$(pwd):/app:Z" --device /dev/dri/renderD128:/dev/dri/renderD128 --device /dev/dri/card1:/dev/dri/card1 llama-cpp-sycl -m "/app/models/YOUR_MODEL_FILE" -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33
-```
-
-## Linux
-
-### Setup Environment
-
-1. Install Intel GPU driver.
-
-a. Please install Intel GPU driver by official guide: [Install GPU Drivers](https://dgpu-docs.intel.com/driver/installation.html).
-
-Note: for iGPU, please install the client GPU driver.
-
-b. Add user to group: video, render.
-
-```sh
-sudo usermod -aG render username
-sudo usermod -aG video username
-```
-
-Note: re-login to enable it.
-
-c. Check
-
-```sh
-sudo apt install clinfo
-sudo clinfo -l
-```
-
-Output (example):
-
-```
-Platform #0: Intel(R) OpenCL Graphics
- `-- Device #0: Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics
-
-
-Platform #0: Intel(R) OpenCL HD Graphics
- `-- Device #0: Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics [0x9a49]
-```
-
-2. Install Intel® oneAPI Base toolkit.
-
-a. Please follow the procedure in [Get the Intel® oneAPI Base Toolkit ](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html).
-
-Recommend to install to default folder: **/opt/intel/oneapi**.
-
-Following guide use the default folder as example. If you use other folder, please modify the following guide info with your folder.
-
-b. Check
-
-```sh
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-
-sycl-ls
-```
-
-There should be one or more level-zero devices. Please confirm that at least one GPU is present, like **[ext_oneapi_level_zero:gpu:0]**.
-
-Output (example):
-```
-[opencl:acc:0] Intel(R) FPGA Emulation Platform for OpenCL(TM), Intel(R) FPGA Emulation Device OpenCL 1.2  [2023.16.10.0.17_160000]
-[opencl:cpu:1] Intel(R) OpenCL, 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K OpenCL 3.0 (Build 0) [2023.16.10.0.17_160000]
-[opencl:gpu:2] Intel(R) OpenCL Graphics, Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics OpenCL 3.0 NEO  [23.30.26918.50]
-[ext_oneapi_level_zero:gpu:0] Intel(R) Level-Zero, Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics 1.3 [1.3.26918]
-
-```
-
-2. Build locally:
-
-Note:
- You can choose between **F16** and **F32** build. F16 is faster for long-prompt inference.
- By default, it will build for all binary files. It will take more time. To reduce the time, we recommend to build for **example/main** only.
-
-```sh
-mkdir -p build
-cd build
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-
-# For FP16:
-#cmake .. -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON
-
-# Or, for FP32:
-cmake .. -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
-
-# Build example/main only
-#cmake --build . --config Release --target main
-
-# Or, build all binary
-cmake --build . --config Release -v
-
-cd ..
-```
-
-or
-
-```sh
-./examples/sycl/build.sh
-```
-
-### Run
-
-1. Put model file to folder **models**
-
-You could download [llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf) as example.
-
-2. Enable oneAPI running environment
-
-```
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-```
-
-3. List device ID
-
-Run without parameter:
-
-```sh
-./build/bin/ls-sycl-device
-
-# or running the "main" executable and look at the output log:
-
-./build/bin/main
-```
-
-Check the ID in startup log, like:
-
-```
-found 4 SYCL devices:
-  Device 0: Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics,	compute capability 1.3,
-    max compute_units 512,	max work group size 1024,	max sub group size 32,	global mem size 16225243136
-  Device 1: Intel(R) FPGA Emulation Device,	compute capability 1.2,
-    max compute_units 24,	max work group size 67108864,	max sub group size 64,	global mem size 67065057280
-  Device 2: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K,	compute capability 3.0,
-    max compute_units 24,	max work group size 8192,	max sub group size 64,	global mem size 67065057280
-  Device 3: Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics,	compute capability 3.0,
-    max compute_units 512,	max work group size 1024,	max sub group size 32,	global mem size 16225243136
-
-```
-
-|Attribute|Note|
-|-|-|
-|compute capability 1.3|Level-zero running time, recommended |
-|compute capability 3.0|OpenCL running time, slower than level-zero in most cases|
-
-4. Set device ID and execute llama.cpp
-
-Set device ID = 0 by **GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=0**
-
-```sh
-GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=0 ./build/bin/main -m models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33
-```
-or run by script:
-
-```sh
-./examples/sycl/run_llama2.sh
-```
-
-Note:
-
- By default, mmap is used to read model file. In some cases, it leads to the hang issue. Recommend to use parameter **--no-mmap** to disable mmap() to skip this issue.
-
-
-5. Check the device ID in output
-
-Like:
-```
-Using device **0** (Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics) as main device
-```
-
-## Windows
-
-### Setup Environment
-
-1. Install Intel GPU driver.
-
-Please install Intel GPU driver by official guide: [Install GPU Drivers](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/products/docs/discrete-gpus/arc/software/drivers.html).
-
-Note: **The driver is mandatory for compute function**.
-
-2. Install Visual Studio.
-
-Please install [Visual Studio](https://visualstudio.microsoft.com/) which impact oneAPI environment enabling in Windows.
-
-3. Install Intel® oneAPI Base toolkit.
-
-a. Please follow the procedure in [Get the Intel® oneAPI Base Toolkit ](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/developer/tools/oneapi/base-toolkit.html).
-
-Recommend to install to default folder: **/opt/intel/oneapi**.
-
-Following guide uses the default folder as example. If you use other folder, please modify the following guide info with your folder.
-
-b. Enable oneAPI running environment:
-
- In Search, input 'oneAPI'.
-
-Search & open "Intel oneAPI command prompt for Intel 64 for Visual Studio 2022"
-
- In Run:
-
-In CMD:
-```
-"C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" intel64
-```
-
-c. Check GPU
-
-In oneAPI command line:
-
-```
-sycl-ls
-```
-
-There should be one or more level-zero devices. Please confirm that at least one GPU is present, like **[ext_oneapi_level_zero:gpu:0]**.
-
-Output (example):
-```
-[opencl:acc:0] Intel(R) FPGA Emulation Platform for OpenCL(TM), Intel(R) FPGA Emulation Device OpenCL 1.2  [2023.16.10.0.17_160000]
-[opencl:cpu:1] Intel(R) OpenCL, 11th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-1185G7 @ 3.00GHz OpenCL 3.0 (Build 0) [2023.16.10.0.17_160000]
-[opencl:gpu:2] Intel(R) OpenCL Graphics, Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics OpenCL 3.0 NEO  [31.0.101.5186]
-[ext_oneapi_level_zero:gpu:0] Intel(R) Level-Zero, Intel(R) Iris(R) Xe Graphics 1.3 [1.3.28044]
-```
-
-4. Install cmake & make
-
-a. Download & install cmake for Windows: https://cmake.org/download/
-
-b. Download & install mingw-w64 make for Windows provided by w64devkit
-
- Download the latest fortran version of [w64devkit](https://github.com/skeeto/w64devkit/releases).
-
- Extract `w64devkit` on your pc.
-
- Add the **bin** folder path in the Windows system PATH environment, like `C:\xxx\w64devkit\bin\`.
-
-### Build locally:
-
-In oneAPI command line window:
-
-```
-mkdir -p build
-cd build
-@call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" intel64 --force
-
-::  for FP16
-::  faster for long-prompt inference
-::  cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..  -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON
-
-::  for FP32
-cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..  -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-
-
-::  build example/main only
-::  make main
-
-::  build all binary
-make -j
-cd ..
-```
-
-or
-
-```
-.\examples\sycl\win-build-sycl.bat
-```
-
-Note:
-
- By default, it will build for all binary files. It will take more time. To reduce the time, we recommend to build for **example/main** only.
-
-### Run
-
-1. Put model file to folder **models**
-
-You could download [llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-7B-GGUF/blob/main/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf) as example.
-
-2. Enable oneAPI running environment
-
- In Search, input 'oneAPI'.
-
-Search & open "Intel oneAPI command prompt for Intel 64 for Visual Studio 2022"
-
- In Run:
-
-In CMD:
-```
-"C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" intel64
-```
-
-3. List device ID
-
-Run without parameter:
-
-```
-build\bin\ls-sycl-device.exe
-
-or
-
-build\bin\main.exe
-```
-
-Check the ID in startup log, like:
-
-```
-found 4 SYCL devices:
-  Device 0: Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics,	compute capability 1.3,
-    max compute_units 512,	max work group size 1024,	max sub group size 32,	global mem size 16225243136
-  Device 1: Intel(R) FPGA Emulation Device,	compute capability 1.2,
-    max compute_units 24,	max work group size 67108864,	max sub group size 64,	global mem size 67065057280
-  Device 2: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K,	compute capability 3.0,
-    max compute_units 24,	max work group size 8192,	max sub group size 64,	global mem size 67065057280
-  Device 3: Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics,	compute capability 3.0,
-    max compute_units 512,	max work group size 1024,	max sub group size 32,	global mem size 16225243136
-
-```
-
-|Attribute|Note|
-|-|-|
-|compute capability 1.3|Level-zero running time, recommended |
-|compute capability 3.0|OpenCL running time, slower than level-zero in most cases|
-
-4. Set device ID and execute llama.cpp
-
-Set device ID = 0 by **set GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=0**
-
-```
-set GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=0
-build\bin\main.exe -m models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -s 0
-```
-or run by script:
-
-```
-.\examples\sycl\win-run-llama2.bat
-```
-
-Note:
-
- By default, mmap is used to read model file. In some cases, it leads to the hang issue. Recommend to use parameter **--no-mmap** to disable mmap() to skip this issue.
-
-
-5. Check the device ID in output
-
-Like:
-```
-Using device **0** (Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics) as main device
-```
-
-## Environment Variable
-
-#### Build
-
-|Name|Value|Function|
-|-|-|-|
-|LLAMA_SYCL|ON (mandatory)|Enable build with SYCL code path. <br>For FP32/FP16, LLAMA_SYCL=ON is mandatory.|
-|LLAMA_SYCL_F16|ON (optional)|Enable FP16 build with SYCL code path. Faster for long-prompt inference. <br>For FP32, not set it.|
-|CMAKE_C_COMPILER|icx|Use icx compiler for SYCL code path|
-|CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER|icpx (Linux), icx (Windows)|use icpx/icx for SYCL code path|
-
-#### Running
-
-
-|Name|Value|Function|
-|-|-|-|
-|GGML_SYCL_DEVICE|0 (default) or 1|Set the device id used. Check the device ids by default running output|
-|GGML_SYCL_DEBUG|0 (default) or 1|Enable log function by macro: GGML_SYCL_DEBUG|
-
-## Known Issue
-
- Hang during startup
-
-  llama.cpp use mmap as default way to read model file and copy to GPU. In some system, memcpy will be abnormal and block.
-
-  Solution: add **--no-mmap** or **--mmap 0**.
-
-## Q&A
-
- Error:  `error while loading shared libraries: libsycl.so.7: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory`.
-
-  Miss to enable oneAPI running environment.
-
-  Install oneAPI base toolkit and enable it by: `source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh`.
-
- In Windows, no result, not error.
-
-  Miss to enable oneAPI running environment.
-
- Meet compile error.
-
-  Remove folder **build** and try again.
-
- I can **not** see **[ext_oneapi_level_zero:gpu:0]** afer install GPU driver in Linux.
-
-  Please run **sudo sycl-ls**.
-
-  If you see it in result, please add video/render group to your ID:
-
-  ```
-  sudo usermod -aG render username
-  sudo usermod -aG video username
-  ```
-
-  Then **relogin**.
-
-  If you do not see it, please check the installation GPU steps again.
-
-## Todo
-
- Support multiple cards.
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -6,17 +6,15 @@

 [Roadmap](https://github.com/users/ggerganov/projects/7) / [Project status](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/3471) / [Manifesto](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/205) / [ggml](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml)

-Inference of Meta's [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model (and others) in pure C/C++
+Inference of [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model in pure C/C++

 ### Hot topics

- Remove LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES and LLAMA_SUPPORTS_GPU_OFFLOAD: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5240
- Incoming backends: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/5138
-  - [SYCL backend](README-sycl.md) is ready (1/28/2024), support Linux/Windows in Intel GPUs (iGPU, Arc/Flex/Max series)
 - New SOTA quantized models, including pure 2-bits: https://huggingface.co/ikawrakow
 - Collecting Apple Silicon performance stats:
  - M-series: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/4167
  - A-series: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/4508
+- Added Mixtral support: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4406
 - Looking for contributions to improve and maintain the `server` example: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/4216

 ----
@@ -33,14 +31,17 @@ Inference of Meta's [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model (and others)
        <li><a href="#get-the-code">Get the Code</a></li>
        <li><a href="#build">Build</a></li>
        <li><a href="#blas-build">BLAS Build</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#prepare-and-quantize">Prepare and Quantize</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#run-the-quantized-model">Run the quantized model</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#prepare-data--run">Prepare Data & Run</a></li>
        <li><a href="#memorydisk-requirements">Memory/Disk Requirements</a></li>
        <li><a href="#quantization">Quantization</a></li>
        <li><a href="#interactive-mode">Interactive mode</a></li>
        <li><a href="#constrained-output-with-grammars">Constrained output with grammars</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#instruct-mode">Instruct mode</a></li>
-        <li><a href="#obtaining-and-using-the-facebook-llama-2-model">Obtaining and using the Facebook LLaMA 2 model</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#instruction-mode-with-alpaca">Instruction mode with Alpaca</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#using-openllama">Using OpenLLaMA</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#using-gpt4all">Using GPT4All</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#using-pygmalion-7b--metharme-7b">Using Pygmalion 7B & Metharme 7B</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#obtaining-the-facebook-llama-original-model-and-stanford-alpaca-model-data">Obtaining the Facebook LLaMA original model and Stanford Alpaca model data</a></li>
+        <li><a href="#verifying-the-model-files">Verifying the model files</a></li>
        <li><a href="#seminal-papers-and-background-on-the-models">Seminal papers and background on the models</a></li>
        <li><a href="#perplexity-measuring-model-quality">Perplexity (measuring model quality)</a></li>
        <li><a href="#android">Android</a></li>
@@ -55,20 +56,18 @@ Inference of Meta's [LLaMA](https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.13971) model (and others)

 ## Description

-The main goal of `llama.cpp` is to enable LLM inference with minimal setup and state-of-the-art performance on a wide
-variety of hardware - locally and in the cloud.
+The main goal of `llama.cpp` is to run the LLaMA model using 4-bit integer quantization on a MacBook

- Plain C/C++ implementation without any dependencies
- Apple silicon is a first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
+- Plain C/C++ implementation without dependencies
+- Apple silicon first-class citizen - optimized via ARM NEON, Accelerate and Metal frameworks
 - AVX, AVX2 and AVX512 support for x86 architectures
- 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit, and 8-bit integer quantization for faster inference and reduced memory use
- Custom CUDA kernels for running LLMs on NVIDIA GPUs (support for AMD GPUs via HIP)
- Vulkan, SYCL, and (partial) OpenCL backend support
- CPU+GPU hybrid inference to partially accelerate models larger than the total VRAM capacity
+- Mixed F16 / F32 precision
+- 2-bit, 3-bit, 4-bit, 5-bit, 6-bit and 8-bit integer quantization support
+- CUDA, Metal and OpenCL GPU backend support

-Since its [inception](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/33#issuecomment-1465108022), the project has
-improved significantly thanks to many contributions. It is the main playground for developing new features for the
-[ggml](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml) library.
+The original implementation of `llama.cpp` was [hacked in an evening](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/33#issuecomment-1465108022).
+Since then, the project has improved significantly thanks to many contributions. This project is mainly for educational purposes and serves
+as the main playground for developing new features for the [ggml](https://github.com/ggerganov/ggml) library.

 **Supported platforms:**

@@ -76,46 +75,43 @@ improved significantly thanks to many contributions. It is the main playground f
 - [X] Linux
 - [X] Windows (via CMake)
 - [X] Docker
- [X] FreeBSD

 **Supported models:**

-Typically finetunes of the base models below are supported as well.
-
 - [X] LLaMA 🦙
 - [x] LLaMA 2 🦙🦙
- [X] [Mistral 7B](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1)
- [x] [Mixtral MoE](https://huggingface.co/models?search=mistral-ai/Mixtral)
 - [X] Falcon
+- [X] [Alpaca](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp#instruction-mode-with-alpaca)
+- [X] [GPT4All](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp#using-gpt4all)
 - [X] [Chinese LLaMA / Alpaca](https://github.com/ymcui/Chinese-LLaMA-Alpaca) and [Chinese LLaMA-2 / Alpaca-2](https://github.com/ymcui/Chinese-LLaMA-Alpaca-2)
 - [X] [Vigogne (French)](https://github.com/bofenghuang/vigogne)
+- [X] [Vicuna](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/discussions/643#discussioncomment-5533894)
 - [X] [Koala](https://bair.berkeley.edu/blog/2023/04/03/koala/)
+- [X] [OpenBuddy 🐶 (Multilingual)](https://github.com/OpenBuddy/OpenBuddy)
+- [X] [Pygmalion/Metharme](#using-pygmalion-7b--metharme-7b)
+- [X] [WizardLM](https://github.com/nlpxucan/WizardLM)
 - [X] [Baichuan 1 & 2](https://huggingface.co/models?search=baichuan-inc/Baichuan) + [derivations](https://huggingface.co/hiyouga/baichuan-7b-sft)
 - [X] [Aquila 1 & 2](https://huggingface.co/models?search=BAAI/Aquila)
 - [X] [Starcoder models](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/3187)
+- [X] [Mistral AI v0.1](https://huggingface.co/mistralai/Mistral-7B-v0.1)
 - [X] [Refact](https://huggingface.co/smallcloudai/Refact-1_6B-fim)
 - [X] [Persimmon 8B](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/3410)
 - [X] [MPT](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/3417)
 - [X] [Bloom](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/3553)
 - [x] [Yi models](https://huggingface.co/models?search=01-ai/Yi)
- [X] [StableLM models](https://huggingface.co/stabilityai)
+- [X] [StableLM-3b-4e1t](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/3586)
 - [x] [Deepseek models](https://huggingface.co/models?search=deepseek-ai/deepseek)
 - [x] [Qwen models](https://huggingface.co/models?search=Qwen/Qwen)
+- [x] [Mixtral MoE](https://huggingface.co/models?search=mistral-ai/Mixtral)
 - [x] [PLaMo-13B](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/3557)
- [x] [Phi models](https://huggingface.co/models?search=microsoft/phi)
 - [x] [GPT-2](https://huggingface.co/gpt2)
- [x] [Orion 14B](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5118)
- [x] [InternLM2](https://huggingface.co/models?search=internlm2)
- [x] [CodeShell](https://github.com/WisdomShell/codeshell)

 **Multimodal models:**

- [x] [LLaVA 1.5 models](https://huggingface.co/collections/liuhaotian/llava-15-653aac15d994e992e2677a7e)
- [x] [BakLLaVA](https://huggingface.co/models?search=SkunkworksAI/Bakllava)
+- [x] [Llava 1.5 models](https://huggingface.co/collections/liuhaotian/llava-15-653aac15d994e992e2677a7e)
+- [x] [Bakllava](https://huggingface.co/models?search=SkunkworksAI/Bakllava)
 - [x] [Obsidian](https://huggingface.co/NousResearch/Obsidian-3B-V0.5)
 - [x] [ShareGPT4V](https://huggingface.co/models?search=Lin-Chen/ShareGPT4V)
- [x] [MobileVLM 1.7B/3B models](https://huggingface.co/models?search=mobileVLM)
- [x] [Yi-VL](https://huggingface.co/models?search=Yi-VL)


 **Bindings:**
@@ -124,44 +120,30 @@ Typically finetunes of the base models below are supported as well.
 - Go: [go-skynet/go-llama.cpp](https://github.com/go-skynet/go-llama.cpp)
 - Node.js: [withcatai/node-llama-cpp](https://github.com/withcatai/node-llama-cpp)
 - JS/TS (llama.cpp server client): [lgrammel/modelfusion](https://modelfusion.dev/integration/model-provider/llamacpp)
- JavaScript/Wasm (works in browser): [tangledgroup/llama-cpp-wasm](https://github.com/tangledgroup/llama-cpp-wasm)
 - Ruby: [yoshoku/llama_cpp.rb](https://github.com/yoshoku/llama_cpp.rb)
- Rust (nicer API): [mdrokz/rust-llama.cpp](https://github.com/mdrokz/rust-llama.cpp)
- Rust (more direct bindings): [utilityai/llama-cpp-rs](https://github.com/utilityai/llama-cpp-rs)
+- Rust: [mdrokz/rust-llama.cpp](https://github.com/mdrokz/rust-llama.cpp)
 - C#/.NET: [SciSharp/LLamaSharp](https://github.com/SciSharp/LLamaSharp)
 - Scala 3: [donderom/llm4s](https://github.com/donderom/llm4s)
 - Clojure: [phronmophobic/llama.clj](https://github.com/phronmophobic/llama.clj)
 - React Native: [mybigday/llama.rn](https://github.com/mybigday/llama.rn)
 - Java: [kherud/java-llama.cpp](https://github.com/kherud/java-llama.cpp)
 - Zig: [deins/llama.cpp.zig](https://github.com/Deins/llama.cpp.zig)
- Flutter/Dart: [netdur/llama_cpp_dart](https://github.com/netdur/llama_cpp_dart)

 **UI:**

-Unless otherwise noted these projects are open-source with permissive licensing:
-
- [iohub/collama](https://github.com/iohub/coLLaMA)
- [janhq/jan](https://github.com/janhq/jan) (AGPL)
 - [nat/openplayground](https://github.com/nat/openplayground)
- [Faraday](https://faraday.dev/) (proprietary)
- [LMStudio](https://lmstudio.ai/) (proprietary)
- [LostRuins/koboldcpp](https://github.com/LostRuins/koboldcpp) (AGPL)
- [Mozilla-Ocho/llamafile](https://github.com/Mozilla-Ocho/llamafile)
- [nomic-ai/gpt4all](https://github.com/nomic-ai/gpt4all)
- [ollama/ollama](https://github.com/ollama/ollama)
- [oobabooga/text-generation-webui](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui) (AGPL)
- [psugihara/FreeChat](https://github.com/psugihara/FreeChat)
- [cztomsik/ava](https://github.com/cztomsik/ava) (MIT)
- [ptsochantaris/emeltal](https://github.com/ptsochantaris/emeltal)
- [pythops/tenere](https://github.com/pythops/tenere) (AGPL)
- [semperai/amica](https://github.com/semperai/amica)
+- [oobabooga/text-generation-webui](https://github.com/oobabooga/text-generation-webui)
 - [withcatai/catai](https://github.com/withcatai/catai)
+- [semperai/amica](https://github.com/semperai/amica)
+- [psugihara/FreeChat](https://github.com/psugihara/FreeChat)
+- [ptsochantaris/emeltal](https://github.com/ptsochantaris/emeltal)
+- [iohub/collama](https://github.com/iohub/coLLaMA)

 ---

 Here is a typical run using LLaMA v2 13B on M2 Ultra:

-```
+```java
 $ make -j && ./main -m models/llama-13b-v2/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:" -n 400 -e
 I llama.cpp build info:
 I UNAME_S:  Darwin
@@ -245,7 +227,7 @@ https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/1991296/224442907-7693d4be-acaa-4e01-8

 ## Usage

-Here are the end-to-end binary build and model conversion steps for most supported models.
+Here are the end-to-end binary build and model conversion steps for the LLaMA-7B model.

 ### Get the Code

@@ -306,7 +288,7 @@ In order to build llama.cpp you have three different options.
        sudo pkg install gmake automake autoconf pkgconf llvm15 clinfo clover \
            opencl clblast openblas

-        gmake CC=/usr/local/bin/clang15 CXX=/usr/local/bin/clang++15 -j4
+            gmake CC=/usr/local/bin/clang15 CXX=/usr/local/bin/clang++15 -j4
        ```

    **Notes:** With this packages you can build llama.cpp with OPENBLAS and
@@ -406,28 +388,28 @@ Building the program with BLAS support may lead to some performance improvements

  Check [BLIS.md](docs/BLIS.md) for more information.

- #### SYCL
-  SYCL is a higher-level programming model to improve programming productivity on various hardware accelerators.
-
-  llama.cpp based on SYCL is used to **support Intel GPU** (Data Center Max series, Flex series, Arc series, Built-in GPU and iGPU).
-
-  For detailed info, please refer to [llama.cpp for SYCL](README-sycl.md).
-
 - #### Intel oneMKL
-  Building through oneAPI compilers will make avx_vnni instruction set available for intel processors that do not support avx512 and avx512_vnni. Please note that this build config **does not support Intel GPU**. For Intel GPU support, please refer to [llama.cpp for SYCL](./README-sycl.md).
-
  - Using manual oneAPI installation:
    By default, `LLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR` is set to `Generic`, so if you already sourced intel environment script and assign `-DLLAMA_BLAS=ON` in cmake, the mkl version of Blas will automatically been selected. Otherwise please install oneAPI and follow the below steps:
      ```bash
      mkdir build
      cd build
-      source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh # You can skip this step if  in oneapi-basekit docker image, only required for manual installation
+      source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh # You can skip this step if  in oneapi-runtime docker image, only required for manual installation
      cmake .. -DLLAMA_BLAS=ON -DLLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR=Intel10_64lp -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_NATIVE=ON
      cmake --build . --config Release
      ```

  - Using oneAPI docker image:
-    If you do not want to source the environment vars and install oneAPI manually, you can also build the code using intel docker container: [oneAPI-basekit](https://hub.docker.com/r/intel/oneapi-basekit). Then, you can use the commands given above.
+    If you do not want to source the environment vars and install oneAPI manually, you can also build the code using intel docker container: [oneAPI-runtime](https://hub.docker.com/r/intel/oneapi-runtime)
+
+      ```bash
+      mkdir build
+      cd build
+      cmake .. -DLLAMA_BLAS=ON -DLLAMA_BLAS_VENDOR=Intel10_64lp -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_NATIVE=ON
+      cmake --build . --config Release
+      ```
+
+  Building through oneAPI compilers will make avx_vnni instruction set available for intel processors that do not support avx512 and avx512_vnni.

  Check [Optimizing and Running LLaMA2 on Intel® CPU](https://www.intel.com/content/www/us/en/content-details/791610/optimizing-and-running-llama2-on-intel-cpu.html) for more information.

@@ -614,87 +596,34 @@ Building the program with BLAS support may lead to some performance improvements

  You can get a list of platforms and devices from the `clinfo -l` command, etc.

- #### Vulkan
-
-  **With docker**:
-
-  You don't need to install Vulkan SDK. It will be installed inside the container.
-
-  ```sh
-  # Build the image
-  docker build -t llama-cpp-vulkan -f .devops/main-vulkan.Dockerfile .
-
-  # Then, use it:
-  docker run -it --rm -v "$(pwd):/app:Z" --device /dev/dri/renderD128:/dev/dri/renderD128 --device /dev/dri/card1:/dev/dri/card1 llama-cpp-vulkan -m "/app/models/YOUR_MODEL_FILE" -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 400 -e -ngl 33
-  ```
-
-  **Without docker**:
-
-  Firstly, you need to make sure you have installed [Vulkan SDK](https://vulkan.lunarg.com/doc/view/latest/linux/getting_started_ubuntu.html)
-
-  For example, on Ubuntu 22.04 (jammy), use the command below:
-
-  ```bash
-  wget -qO - https://packages.lunarg.com/lunarg-signing-key-pub.asc | apt-key add -
-  wget -qO /etc/apt/sources.list.d/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list https://packages.lunarg.com/vulkan/lunarg-vulkan-jammy.list
-  apt update -y
-  apt-get install -y vulkan-sdk
-  # To verify the installation, use the command below:
-  vulkaninfo
-  ```
-
-  Alternatively your package manager might be able to provide the appropiate libraries. For example for Ubuntu 22.04 you can install `libvulkan-dev` instead.
-
-  Then, build llama.cpp using the cmake command below:
-
-  ```bash
-  mkdir -p build
-  cd build
-  cmake .. -DLLAMA_VULKAN=1
-  cmake --build . --config Release
-  # Test the output binary (with "-ngl 33" to offload all layers to GPU)
-  ./bin/main -m "PATH_TO_MODEL" -p "Hi you how are you" -n 50 -e -ngl 33 -t 4
-
-  # You should see in the output, ggml_vulkan detected your GPU. For example:
-  # ggml_vulkan: Using Intel(R) Graphics (ADL GT2) | uma: 1 | fp16: 1 | warp size: 32
-  ```
-
-### Prepare and Quantize
-
-To obtain the official LLaMA 2 weights please see the <a href="#obtaining-and-using-the-facebook-llama-2-model">Obtaining and using the Facebook LLaMA 2 model</a> section. There is also a large selection of pre-quantized `gguf` models available on Hugging Face.
+### Prepare Data & Run

 ```bash
-# obtain the official LLaMA model weights and place them in ./models
+# obtain the original LLaMA model weights and place them in ./models
 ls ./models
-llama-2-7b tokenizer_checklist.chk tokenizer.model
-# [Optional] for models using BPE tokenizers
-ls ./models
-<folder containing weights and tokenizer json> vocab.json
-# [Optional] for PyTorch .bin models like Mistral-7B
-ls ./models
-<folder containing weights and tokenizer json>
+65B 30B 13B 7B tokenizer_checklist.chk tokenizer.model
+  # [Optional] for models using BPE tokenizers
+  ls ./models
+  65B 30B 13B 7B vocab.json

 # install Python dependencies
 python3 -m pip install -r requirements.txt

-# convert the model to ggml FP16 format
-python3 convert.py models/mymodel/
+# convert the 7B model to ggml FP16 format
+python3 convert.py models/7B/

-# [Optional] for models using BPE tokenizers
-python convert.py models/mymodel/ --vocab-type bpe
+  # [Optional] for models using BPE tokenizers
+  python convert.py models/7B/ --vocabtype bpe

-# quantize the model to 4-bits (using Q4_K_M method)
-./quantize ./models/mymodel/ggml-model-f16.gguf ./models/mymodel/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf Q4_K_M
+# quantize the model to 4-bits (using q4_0 method)
+./quantize ./models/7B/ggml-model-f16.gguf ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf q4_0

-# update the gguf filetype to current version if older version is now unsupported
-./quantize ./models/mymodel/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf ./models/mymodel/ggml-model-Q4_K_M-v2.gguf COPY
-```
+# update the gguf filetype to current if older version is unsupported by another application
+./quantize ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0-v2.gguf COPY

-### Run the quantized model

-```bash
-# start inference on a gguf model
-./main -m ./models/mymodel/ggml-model-Q4_K_M.gguf -n 128
+# run the inference
+./main -m ./models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf -n 128
 ```

 When running the larger models, make sure you have enough disk space to store all the intermediate files.
@@ -715,7 +644,7 @@ From the unzipped folder, open a terminal/cmd window here and place a pre-conver

 As the models are currently fully loaded into memory, you will need adequate disk space to save them and sufficient RAM to load them. At the moment, memory and disk requirements are the same.

-| Model | Original size | Quantized size (Q4_0) |
+| Model | Original size | Quantized size (4-bit) |
 |------:|--------------:|-----------------------:|
 |    7B |         13 GB |                 3.9 GB |
 |   13B |         24 GB |                 7.8 GB |
@@ -742,21 +671,9 @@ Several quantization methods are supported. They differ in the resulting model d
 |   13B | bits/weight  |   16.0 |    4.5 |    5.0 |    5.5 |    6.0 |    8.5 |

 - [k-quants](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/1684)
- recent k-quants improvements and new i-quants
+- recent k-quants improvements
  - [#2707](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/2707)
  - [#2807](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/2807)
-  - [#4773 - 2-bit i-quants (inference)](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4773)
-  - [#4856 - 2-bit i-quants (inference)](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4856)
-  - [#4861 - importance matrix](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4861)
-  - [#4872 - MoE models](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4872)
-  - [#4897 - 2-bit quantization](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4897)
-  - [#4930 - imatrix for all k-quants](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4930)
-  - [#4951 - imatrix on the GPU](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4957)
-  - [#4969 - imatrix for legacy quants](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4969)
-  - [#4996 - k-qunats tuning](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4996)
-  - [#5060 - Q3_K_XS](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5060)
-  - [#5196 - 3-bit i-quants](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5196)
-  - [quantization tuning](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5320), [another one](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5334), and [another one](https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/5361)

 ### Perplexity (measuring model quality)

@@ -831,9 +748,9 @@ The `grammars/` folder contains a handful of sample grammars. To write your own,

 For authoring more complex JSON grammars, you can also check out https://grammar.intrinsiclabs.ai/, a browser app that lets you write TypeScript interfaces which it compiles to GBNF grammars that you can save for local use. Note that the app is built and maintained by members of the community, please file any issues or FRs on [its repo](http://github.com/intrinsiclabsai/gbnfgen) and not this one.

-### Instruct mode
+### Instruction mode with Alpaca

-1. First, download and place the `ggml` model into the `./models` folder
+1. First, download the `ggml` Alpaca model into the `./models` folder
 2. Run the `main` tool like this:

 ```
@@ -859,6 +776,50 @@ cadaver, cauliflower, cabbage (vegetable), catalpa (tree) and Cailleach.
 >
 ```

+### Using [OpenLLaMA](https://github.com/openlm-research/open_llama)
+
+OpenLLaMA is an openly licensed reproduction of Meta's original LLaMA model. It uses the same architecture and is a drop-in replacement for the original LLaMA weights.
+
+- Download the [3B](https://huggingface.co/openlm-research/open_llama_3b), [7B](https://huggingface.co/openlm-research/open_llama_7b), or [13B](https://huggingface.co/openlm-research/open_llama_13b) model from Hugging Face.
+- Convert the model to ggml FP16 format using `python convert.py <path to OpenLLaMA directory>`
+
+### Using [GPT4All](https://github.com/nomic-ai/gpt4all)
+
+*Note: these instructions are likely obsoleted by the GGUF update*
+
+- Obtain the `tokenizer.model` file from LLaMA model and put it to `models`
+- Obtain the `added_tokens.json` file from Alpaca model and put it to `models`
+- Obtain the `gpt4all-lora-quantized.bin` file from GPT4All model and put it to `models/gpt4all-7B`
+- It is distributed in the old `ggml` format which is now obsoleted
+- You have to convert it to the new format using `convert.py`:
+
+```bash
+python3 convert.py models/gpt4all-7B/gpt4all-lora-quantized.bin
+```
+
+- You can now use the newly generated `models/gpt4all-7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin` model in exactly the same way as all other models
+
+- The newer GPT4All-J model is not yet supported!
+
+### Using Pygmalion 7B & Metharme 7B
+
+- Obtain the [LLaMA weights](#obtaining-the-facebook-llama-original-model-and-stanford-alpaca-model-data)
+- Obtain the [Pygmalion 7B](https://huggingface.co/PygmalionAI/pygmalion-7b/) or [Metharme 7B](https://huggingface.co/PygmalionAI/metharme-7b) XOR encoded weights
+- Convert the LLaMA model with [the latest HF convert script](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/blob/main/src/transformers/models/llama/convert_llama_weights_to_hf.py)
+- Merge the XOR files with the converted LLaMA weights by running the [xor_codec](https://huggingface.co/PygmalionAI/pygmalion-7b/blob/main/xor_codec.py) script
+- Convert to `ggml` format using the `convert.py` script in this repo:
+```bash
+python3 convert.py pygmalion-7b/ --outtype q4_1
+```
+> The Pygmalion 7B & Metharme 7B weights are saved in [bfloat16](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bfloat16_floating-point_format) precision. If you wish to convert to `ggml` without quantizating, please specify the `--outtype` as `f32` instead of `f16`.
+
+
+### Obtaining the Facebook LLaMA original model and Stanford Alpaca model data
+
+- **Under no circumstances should IPFS, magnet links, or any other links to model downloads be shared anywhere in this repository, including in issues, discussions, or pull requests. They will be immediately deleted.**
+- The LLaMA models are officially distributed by Facebook and will **never** be provided through this repository.
+- Refer to [Facebook's LLaMA repository](https://github.com/facebookresearch/llama/pull/73/files) if you need to request access to the model data.
+
 ### Obtaining and using the Facebook LLaMA 2 model

 - Refer to [Facebook's LLaMA download page](https://ai.meta.com/resources/models-and-libraries/llama-downloads/) if you want to access the model data.
@@ -870,6 +831,20 @@ cadaver, cauliflower, cabbage (vegetable), catalpa (tree) and Cailleach.
  - [LLaMA 2 13B chat](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-13B-chat-GGUF)
  - [LLaMA 2 70B chat](https://huggingface.co/TheBloke/Llama-2-70B-chat-GGUF)

+### Verifying the model files
+
+Please verify the [sha256 checksums](SHA256SUMS) of all downloaded model files to confirm that you have the correct model data files before creating an issue relating to your model files.
+- The following python script will verify if you have all possible latest files in your self-installed `./models` subdirectory:
+
+```bash
+# run the verification script
+./scripts/verify-checksum-models.py
+```
+
+- On linux or macOS it is also possible to run the following commands to verify if you have all possible latest files in your self-installed `./models` subdirectory:
+    - On Linux: `sha256sum --ignore-missing -c SHA256SUMS`
+    - on macOS: `shasum -a 256 --ignore-missing -c SHA256SUMS`
+
 ### Seminal papers and background on the models

 If your issue is with model generation quality, then please at least scan the following links and papers to understand the limitations of LLaMA models. This is especially important when choosing an appropriate model size and appreciating both the significant and subtle differences between LLaMA models and ChatGPT:
@@ -954,20 +929,17 @@ Place your desired model into the `~/llama.cpp/models/` directory and execute th
 * Create a folder to store big models & intermediate files (ex. /llama/models)

 #### Images
-We have three Docker images available for this project:
+We have two Docker images available for this project:

 1. `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:full`: This image includes both the main executable file and the tools to convert LLaMA models into ggml and convert into 4-bit quantization. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
 2. `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:light`: This image only includes the main executable file. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
-3. `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:server`: This image only includes the server executable file. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)

 Additionally, there the following images, similar to the above:

 - `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:full-cuda`: Same as `full` but compiled with CUDA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:light-cuda`: Same as `light` but compiled with CUDA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
- `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:server-cuda`: Same as `server` but compiled with CUDA support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:full-rocm`: Same as `full` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
 - `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:light-rocm`: Same as `light` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)
- `ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:server-rocm`: Same as `server` but compiled with ROCm support. (platforms: `linux/amd64`, `linux/arm64`)

 The GPU enabled images are not currently tested by CI beyond being built. They are not built with any variation from the ones in the Dockerfiles defined in [.devops/](.devops/) and the GitHub Action defined in [.github/workflows/docker.yml](.github/workflows/docker.yml). If you need different settings (for example, a different CUDA or ROCm library, you'll need to build the images locally for now).

@@ -993,12 +965,6 @@ or with a light image:
 docker run -v /path/to/models:/models ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:light -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512
 ```

-or with a server image:
-
-```bash
-docker run -v /path/to/models:/models -p 8000:8000 ghcr.io/ggerganov/llama.cpp:server -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf --port 8000 --host 0.0.0.0 -n 512
-```
-
 ### Docker With CUDA

 Assuming one has the [nvidia-container-toolkit](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia-container-toolkit) properly installed on Linux, or is using a GPU enabled cloud, `cuBLAS` should be accessible inside the container.
@@ -1008,7 +974,6 @@ Assuming one has the [nvidia-container-toolkit](https://github.com/NVIDIA/nvidia
 ```bash
 docker build -t local/llama.cpp:full-cuda -f .devops/full-cuda.Dockerfile .
 docker build -t local/llama.cpp:light-cuda -f .devops/main-cuda.Dockerfile .
-docker build -t local/llama.cpp:server-cuda -f .devops/server-cuda.Dockerfile .
 ```

 You may want to pass in some different `ARGS`, depending on the CUDA environment supported by your container host, as well as the GPU architecture.
@@ -1022,7 +987,6 @@ The resulting images, are essentially the same as the non-CUDA images:

 1. `local/llama.cpp:full-cuda`: This image includes both the main executable file and the tools to convert LLaMA models into ggml and convert into 4-bit quantization.
 2. `local/llama.cpp:light-cuda`: This image only includes the main executable file.
-3. `local/llama.cpp:server-cuda`: This image only includes the server executable file.

 #### Usage

@@ -1031,7 +995,6 @@ After building locally, Usage is similar to the non-CUDA examples, but you'll ne
 ```bash
 docker run --gpus all -v /path/to/models:/models local/llama.cpp:full-cuda --run -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512 --n-gpu-layers 1
 docker run --gpus all -v /path/to/models:/models local/llama.cpp:light-cuda -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf -p "Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:" -n 512 --n-gpu-layers 1
-docker run --gpus all -v /path/to/models:/models local/llama.cpp:server-cuda -m /models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf --port 8000 --host 0.0.0.0 -n 512 --n-gpu-layers 1
 ```

 ### Contributing
--- a/40
+++ b/40
@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+700df0d3013b703a806d2ae7f1bfb8e59814e3d06ae78be0c66368a50059f33d  models/7B/consolidated.00.pth
+666a4bb533b303bdaf89e1b6a3b6f93535d868de31d903afdc20983dc526c847  models/7B/ggml-model-f16.bin
+ec2f2d1f0dfb73b72a4cbac7fa121abbe04c37ab327125a38248f930c0f09ddf  models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/7B/ggml-model-q4_1.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/7B/ggml-model-q5_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/7B/ggml-model-q5_1.bin
+7e89e242ddc0dd6f060b43ca219ce8b3e8f08959a72cb3c0855df8bb04d46265  models/7B/params.json
+745bf4e29a4dd6f411e72976d92b452da1b49168a4f41c951cfcc8051823cf08  models/13B/consolidated.00.pth
+d5ccbcc465c71c0de439a5aeffebe8344c68a519bce70bc7f9f92654ee567085  models/13B/consolidated.01.pth
+2b206e9b21fb1076f11cafc624e2af97c9e48ea09312a0962153acc20d45f808  models/13B/ggml-model-f16.bin
+fad169e6f0f575402cf75945961cb4a8ecd824ba4da6be2af831f320c4348fa5  models/13B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/13B/ggml-model-q4_1.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/13B/ggml-model-q5_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/13B/ggml-model-q5_1.bin
+4ab77bec4d4405ccb66a97b282574c89a94417e3c32e5f68f37e2876fc21322f  models/13B/params.json
+e23294a58552d8cdec5b7e8abb87993b97ea6eced4178ff2697c02472539d067  models/30B/consolidated.00.pth
+4e077b7136c7ae2302e954860cf64930458d3076fcde9443f4d0e939e95903ff  models/30B/consolidated.01.pth
+24a87f01028cbd3a12de551dcedb712346c0b5cbdeff1454e0ddf2df9b675378  models/30B/consolidated.02.pth
+1adfcef71420886119544949767f6a56cb6339b4d5fcde755d80fe68b49de93b  models/30B/consolidated.03.pth
+7e1b524061a9f4b27c22a12d6d2a5bf13b8ebbea73e99f218809351ed9cf7d37  models/30B/ggml-model-f16.bin
+d2a441403944819492ec8c2002cc36fa38468149bfb4b7b4c52afc7bd9a7166d  models/30B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/30B/ggml-model-q4_1.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/30B/ggml-model-q5_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/30B/ggml-model-q5_1.bin
+2c07118ea98d69dbe7810d88520e30288fa994751b337f8fca02b171955f44cb  models/30B/params.json
+135c563f6b3938114458183afb01adc9a63bef3d8ff7cccc3977e5d3664ecafe  models/65B/consolidated.00.pth
+9a600b37b19d38c7e43809485f70d17d1dc12206c07efa83bc72bb498a568bde  models/65B/consolidated.01.pth
+e7babf7c5606f165a3756f527cb0fedc4f83e67ef1290391e52fb1cce5f26770  models/65B/consolidated.02.pth
+73176ffb426b40482f2aa67ae1217ef79fbbd1fff5482bae5060cdc5a24ab70e  models/65B/consolidated.03.pth
+882e6431d0b08a8bc66261a0d3607da21cbaeafa96a24e7e59777632dbdac225  models/65B/consolidated.04.pth
+a287c0dfe49081626567c7fe87f74cce5831f58e459b427b5e05567641f47b78  models/65B/consolidated.05.pth
+72b4eba67a1a3b18cb67a85b70f8f1640caae9b40033ea943fb166bd80a7b36b  models/65B/consolidated.06.pth
+d27f5b0677d7ff129ceacd73fd461c4d06910ad7787cf217b249948c3f3bc638  models/65B/consolidated.07.pth
+60758f2384d74e423dffddfd020ffed9d3bb186ebc54506f9c4a787d0f5367b0  models/65B/ggml-model-f16.bin
+cde053439fa4910ae454407e2717cc46cc2c2b4995c00c93297a2b52e790fa92  models/65B/ggml-model-q4_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/65B/ggml-model-q4_1.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/65B/ggml-model-q5_0.bin
+ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff  models/65B/ggml-model-q5_1.bin
+999ed1659b469ccc2a941714c0a9656fa571d17c9f7c8c7589817ca90edef51b  models/65B/params.json
+9e556afd44213b6bd1be2b850ebbbd98f5481437a8021afaf58ee7fb1818d347  models/tokenizer.model
--- a/ci/README.md
+++ b/ci/README.md
@@ -22,8 +22,4 @@ bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt

 # with CUDA support
 GG_BUILD_CUDA=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
-
-# with SYCL support
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-GG_BUILD_SYCL=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
 ```
--- a/ci/run.sh
+++ b/ci/run.sh
@@ -10,9 +10,6 @@
 # # with CUDA support
 # GG_BUILD_CUDA=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
 #
-# # with SYCL support
-# GG_BUILD_SYCL=1 bash ./ci/run.sh ./tmp/results ./tmp/mnt
-#

 if [ -z "$2" ]; then
    echo "usage: $0 <output-dir> <mnt-dir>"
@@ -25,9 +22,9 @@ mkdir -p "$2"
 OUT=$(realpath "$1")
 MNT=$(realpath "$2")

-rm -f "$OUT/*.log"
-rm -f "$OUT/*.exit"
-rm -f "$OUT/*.md"
+rm -v $OUT/*.log
+rm -v $OUT/*.exit
+rm -v $OUT/*.md

 sd=`dirname $0`
 cd $sd/../
@@ -39,18 +36,6 @@ if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_METAL} ]; then
    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DLLAMA_METAL_SHADER_DEBUG=ON"
 fi

-if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_CUDA} ]; then
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=1"
-fi
-
-if [ ! -z ${GG_BUILD_SYCL} ]; then
-    if [ -z ${ONEAPI_ROOT} ]; then
-        echo "Not detected ONEAPI_ROOT, please install oneAPI base toolkit and enable it by:\n source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh"
-        exit 1
-    fi
-
-    CMAKE_EXTRA="${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DLLAMA_SYCL=1 DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON"
-fi
 ## helpers

 # download a file if it does not exist or if it is outdated
@@ -105,7 +90,7 @@ function gg_run_ctest_debug {
    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
    (time make -j                                          ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log

-    (time ctest --output-on-failure -L main -E test-opt ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+    (time ctest --output-on-failure -E test-opt ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log

    set +e
 }
@@ -134,9 +119,9 @@ function gg_run_ctest_release {
    (time make -j                                            ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log

    if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF} ]; then
-        (time ctest --output-on-failure -L main ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+        (time ctest --output-on-failure ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
    else
-        (time ctest --output-on-failure -L main -E test-opt ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
+        (time ctest --output-on-failure -E test-opt ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
    fi

    set +e
@@ -152,61 +137,6 @@ function gg_sum_ctest_release {
    gg_printf '```\n'
 }

-function gg_get_model {
-    local gguf_3b="$MNT/models/open-llama/3B-v2/ggml-model-f16.gguf"
-    local gguf_7b="$MNT/models/open-llama/7B-v2/ggml-model-f16.gguf"
-    if [[ -s $gguf_3b ]]; then
-        echo -n "$gguf_3b"
-    elif [[ -s $gguf_7b ]]; then
-        echo -n "$gguf_7b"
-    else
-        echo >&2 "No model found. Can't run gg_run_ctest_with_model."
-        exit 1
-    fi
-}
-
-function gg_run_ctest_with_model_debug {
-    cd ${SRC}
-
-    local model; model=$(gg_get_model)
-    cd build-ci-debug
-    set -e
-    (LLAMACPP_TEST_MODELFILE="$model" time ctest --output-on-failure -L model) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
-    set +e
-    cd ..
-}
-
-function gg_run_ctest_with_model_release {
-    cd ${SRC}
-
-    local model; model=$(gg_get_model)
-    cd build-ci-release
-    set -e
-    (LLAMACPP_TEST_MODELFILE="$model" time ctest --output-on-failure -L model) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log
-    set +e
-    cd ..
-}
-
-function gg_sum_ctest_with_model_debug {
-    gg_printf '### %s\n\n' "${ci}"
-
-    gg_printf 'Runs ctest with model files in debug mode\n'
-    gg_printf '- status: %s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}.exit)"
-    gg_printf '```\n'
-    gg_printf '%s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log)"
-    gg_printf '```\n'
-}
-
-function gg_sum_ctest_with_model_release {
-    gg_printf '### %s\n\n' "${ci}"
-
-    gg_printf 'Runs ctest with model files in release mode\n'
-    gg_printf '- status: %s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}.exit)"
-    gg_printf '```\n'
-    gg_printf '%s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-ctest.log)"
-    gg_printf '```\n'
-}
-
 # open_llama_3b_v2

 function gg_run_open_llama_3b_v2 {
@@ -230,8 +160,8 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_3b_v2 {

    set -e

-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DLLAMA_QKK_64=1 .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j                                                             ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
+    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_QKK_64=1 .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
+    (time make -j                                              ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log

    python3 ../convert.py ${path_models}

@@ -284,8 +214,6 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_3b_v2 {
    (time ./bin/perplexity --model ${model_q5_k} -f ${wiki_test_60} -c 128 -b 128 --chunks 2 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-tg-q5_k.log
    (time ./bin/perplexity --model ${model_q6_k} -f ${wiki_test_60} -c 128 -b 128 --chunks 2 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-tg-q6_k.log

-    (time ./bin/imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test_60} -c 128 -b 128 --chunks 2 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
-
    (time ./bin/save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log

    function check_ppl {
@@ -313,8 +241,6 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_3b_v2 {
    check_ppl "q5_k" "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-q5_k.log | grep "^\[1\]")" | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ppl.log
    check_ppl "q6_k" "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-q6_k.log | grep "^\[1\]")" | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ppl.log

-    cat $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log | grep "Final" >> $OUT/${ci}-imatrix-sum.log
-
    # lora
    function compare_ppl {
        qnt="$1"
@@ -356,6 +282,7 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_3b_v2 {
    (time ./bin/perplexity --model ${model_q8_0} -f ${shakespeare} --lora ${lora_shakespeare} --lora-base ${model_f16} -c 128 -b 128 --chunks 2 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ppl-shakespeare-lora-q8_0-f16.log
    compare_ppl "q8_0 / f16 base shakespeare" "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-ppl-shakespeare-q8_0.log | grep "^\[1\]")" "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-ppl-shakespeare-lora-q8_0-f16.log | grep "^\[1\]")" | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-lora-ppl.log

+
    set +e
 }

@@ -365,7 +292,6 @@ function gg_sum_open_llama_3b_v2 {
    gg_printf 'OpenLLaMA 3B-v2:\n'
    gg_printf '- status: %s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}.exit)"
    gg_printf '- perplexity:\n%s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-ppl.log)"
-    gg_printf '- imatrix:\n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-imatrix-sum.log)"
    gg_printf '- lora:\n%s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-lora-ppl.log)"
    gg_printf '- f16: \n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-f16.log)"
    gg_printf '- q8_0:\n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-q8_0.log)"
@@ -411,8 +337,8 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_7b_v2 {

    set -e

-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=1 .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j                                                             ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
+    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_CUBLAS=1 .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
+    (time make -j                                              ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log

    python3 ../convert.py ${path_models}

@@ -465,8 +391,6 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_7b_v2 {
    (time ./bin/perplexity --model ${model_q5_k} -f ${wiki_test} -t 1 -ngl 999 -c 2048 -b 512 --chunks 4 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-tg-q5_k.log
    (time ./bin/perplexity --model ${model_q6_k} -f ${wiki_test} -t 1 -ngl 999 -c 2048 -b 512 --chunks 4 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-tg-q6_k.log

-    (time ./bin/imatrix --model ${model_f16} -f ${wiki_test} -t 1 -ngl 999 -c 2048 -b 512 --chunks 4 ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log
-
    (time ./bin/save-load-state --model ${model_q4_0} ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-save-load-state.log

    function check_ppl {
@@ -494,8 +418,6 @@ function gg_run_open_llama_7b_v2 {
    check_ppl "q5_k" "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-q5_k.log | grep "^\[1\]")" | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ppl.log
    check_ppl "q6_k" "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-q6_k.log | grep "^\[1\]")" | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-ppl.log

-    cat $OUT/${ci}-imatrix.log | grep "Final" >> $OUT/${ci}-imatrix-sum.log
-
    # lora
    function compare_ppl {
        qnt="$1"
@@ -547,7 +469,6 @@ function gg_sum_open_llama_7b_v2 {
    gg_printf 'OpenLLaMA 7B-v2:\n'
    gg_printf '- status: %s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}.exit)"
    gg_printf '- perplexity:\n%s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-ppl.log)"
-    gg_printf '- imatrix:\n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-imatrix-sum.log)"
    gg_printf '- lora:\n%s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-lora-ppl.log)"
    gg_printf '- f16: \n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-f16.log)"
    gg_printf '- q8_0:\n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-q8_0.log)"
@@ -568,69 +489,17 @@ function gg_sum_open_llama_7b_v2 {
    #gg_printf '- shakespeare (q8_0 / f16 base lora):\n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-ppl-shakespeare-lora-q8_0-f16.log)"
 }

-# bge-small
-
-function gg_run_embd_bge_small {
-    cd ${SRC}
-
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/config.json
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/resolve/main/tokenizer.model
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/tokenizer_config.json
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/special_tokens_map.json
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/resolve/main/pytorch_model.bin
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/sentence_bert_config.json
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/vocab.txt
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/modules.json
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/ https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/config.json
-
-    gg_wget models-mnt/bge-small/1_Pooling https://huggingface.co/BAAI/bge-small-en-v1.5/raw/main/1_Pooling/config.json
-
-    path_models="../models-mnt/bge-small"
-
-    rm -rf build-ci-release && mkdir build-ci-release && cd build-ci-release
-
-    set -e
-
-    (time cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release ${CMAKE_EXTRA} .. ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-cmake.log
-    (time make -j                                            ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-make.log
-
-    python3 ../convert-hf-to-gguf.py ${path_models}
-
-    model_f16="${path_models}/ggml-model-f16.gguf"
-    model_q8_0="${path_models}/ggml-model-q8_0.gguf"
-
-    ./bin/quantize ${model_f16} ${model_q8_0} q8_0
-
-    (time ./bin/embedding --model ${model_f16}  -p "I believe the meaning of life is" ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-tg-f16.log
-    (time ./bin/embedding --model ${model_q8_0} -p "I believe the meaning of life is" ) 2>&1 | tee -a $OUT/${ci}-tg-q8_0.log
-
-    set +e
-}
-
-function gg_sum_embd_bge_small {
-    gg_printf '### %s\n\n' "${ci}"
-
-    gg_printf 'BGE Small (BERT):\n'
-    gg_printf '- status: %s\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}.exit)"
-    gg_printf '- f16: \n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-f16.log)"
-    gg_printf '- q8_0:\n```\n%s\n```\n' "$(cat $OUT/${ci}-tg-q8_0.log)"
-}
-
 ## main

 if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF} ]; then
-    # Create symlink: ./llama.cpp/models-mnt -> $MNT/models/models-mnt
    rm -rf ${SRC}/models-mnt
+
    mnt_models=${MNT}/models
    mkdir -p ${mnt_models}
    ln -sfn ${mnt_models} ${SRC}/models-mnt

-    # Create a fresh python3 venv and enter it
-    python3 -m venv "$MNT/venv"
-    source "$MNT/venv/bin/activate"
-
-    pip install -r ${SRC}/requirements.txt --disable-pip-version-check
-    pip install --editable gguf-py --disable-pip-version-check
+    python3 -m pip install -r ${SRC}/requirements.txt
+    python3 -m pip install --editable gguf-py
 fi

 ret=0
@@ -639,16 +508,12 @@ test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run ctest_debug
 test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run ctest_release

 if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_LOW_PERF} ]; then
-    test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run embd_bge_small
-
    if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_VRAM_GB} ] || [ ${GG_BUILD_VRAM_GB} -ge 8 ]; then
        if [ -z ${GG_BUILD_CUDA} ]; then
            test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run open_llama_3b_v2
        else
            test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run open_llama_7b_v2
        fi
-        test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run ctest_with_model_debug
-        test $ret -eq 0 && gg_run ctest_with_model_release
    fi
 fi

--- a/common/common.cpp
+++ b/common/common.cpp
@@ -42,14 +42,6 @@
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
 #endif

-#if (defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS) || defined(GGML_USE_SYCL))
-#define GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL
-#endif
-
-#if (defined(GGML_USE_CUBLAS) || defined(GGML_USE_SYCL)) || defined(GGML_USE_VULKAN)
-#define GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL_VULKAN
-#endif
-
 int32_t get_num_physical_cores() {
 #ifdef __linux__
    // enumerate the set of thread siblings, num entries is num cores
@@ -211,23 +203,6 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
            params.prompt_cache_all = true;
        } else if (arg == "--prompt-cache-ro") {
            params.prompt_cache_ro = true;
-        } else if (arg == "-bf" || arg == "--binary-file") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            std::ifstream file(argv[i], std::ios::binary);
-            if (!file) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "error: failed to open file '%s'\n", argv[i]);
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            // store the external file name in params
-            params.prompt_file = argv[i];
-            std::ostringstream ss;
-            ss << file.rdbuf();
-            params.prompt = ss.str();
-            fprintf(stderr, "Read %zu bytes from binary file %s\n", params.prompt.size(), argv[i]);
        } else if (arg == "-f" || arg == "--file") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -340,14 +315,13 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            const auto sampler_names = string_split(argv[i], ';');
-            sparams.samplers_sequence = sampler_types_from_names(sampler_names, true);
+            sparams.samplers_sequence = parse_samplers_input(argv[i]);
        } else if (arg == "--sampling-seq") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            sparams.samplers_sequence = sampler_types_from_chars(argv[i]);
+            sparams.samplers_sequence = argv[i];
        } else if (arg == "--top-p") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -404,18 +378,6 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                break;
            }
            sparams.penalty_present = std::stof(argv[i]);
-        } else if (arg == "--dynatemp-range") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            sparams.dynatemp_range = std::stof(argv[i]);
-        } else if (arg == "--dynatemp-exp") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            sparams.dynatemp_exponent = std::stof(argv[i]);
        } else if (arg == "--mirostat") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -532,7 +494,7 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params.lora_adapter.emplace_back(argv[i], 1.0f);
+            params.lora_adapter.push_back(std::make_tuple(argv[i], 1.0f));
            params.use_mmap = false;
        } else if (arg == "--lora-scaled") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
@@ -544,7 +506,7 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params.lora_adapter.emplace_back(lora_adapter, std::stof(argv[i]));
+            params.lora_adapter.push_back(std::make_tuple(lora_adapter, std::stof(argv[i])));
            params.use_mmap = false;
        } else if (arg == "--lora-base") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
@@ -600,29 +562,29 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                break;
            }
            params.n_gpu_layers = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-            if (!llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --n-gpu-layers option will be ignored\n");
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
-            }
+#ifndef LLAMA_SUPPORTS_GPU_OFFLOAD
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --n-gpu-layers option will be ignored\n");
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
+#endif
        } else if (arg == "--gpu-layers-draft" || arg == "-ngld" || arg == "--n-gpu-layers-draft") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
            params.n_gpu_layers_draft = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-            if (!llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --n-gpu-layers-draft option will be ignored\n");
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
-            }
+#ifndef LLAMA_SUPPORTS_GPU_OFFLOAD
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --n-gpu-layers-draft option will be ignored\n");
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
+#endif
        } else if (arg == "--main-gpu" || arg == "-mg") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
            params.main_gpu = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-#ifndef GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL
-            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS/SYCL. Setting the main GPU has no effect.\n");
-#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL
+#ifndef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. Setting the main GPU has no effect.\n");
+#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
        } else if (arg == "--split-mode" || arg == "-sm") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -639,10 +601,9 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-#ifndef GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL
-            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS/SYCL. Setting the split mode has no effect.\n");
-#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL
-
+#ifndef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. Setting the split mode has no effect.\n");
+#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
        } else if (arg == "--tensor-split" || arg == "-ts") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -654,32 +615,24 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
            const std::regex regex{R"([,/]+)"};
            std::sregex_token_iterator it{arg_next.begin(), arg_next.end(), regex, -1};
            std::vector<std::string> split_arg{it, {}};
-            if (split_arg.size() >= llama_max_devices()) {
+            if (split_arg.size() >= LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            for (size_t i = 0; i < llama_max_devices(); ++i) {
+            for (size_t i = 0; i < LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES; ++i) {
                if (i < split_arg.size()) {
                    params.tensor_split[i] = std::stof(split_arg[i]);
                } else {
                    params.tensor_split[i] = 0.0f;
                }
            }
-#ifndef GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL_VULKAN
-            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS/SYCL/Vulkan. Setting a tensor split has no effect.\n");
-#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS_SYCL
+#ifndef GGML_USE_CUBLAS
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: llama.cpp was compiled without cuBLAS. Setting a tensor split has no effect.\n");
+#endif // GGML_USE_CUBLAS
        } else if (arg == "--no-mmap") {
            params.use_mmap = false;
        } else if (arg == "--numa") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            std::string value(argv[i]);
-            /**/ if (value == "distribute" || value == "") { params.numa = GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_DISTRIBUTE; }
-            else if (value == "isolate") { params.numa = GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_ISOLATE; }
-            else if (value == "numactl") { params.numa = GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_NUMACTL; }
-            else { invalid_param = true; break; }
+            params.numa = true;
        } else if (arg == "--verbose-prompt") {
            params.verbose_prompt = true;
        } else if (arg == "--no-display-prompt") {
@@ -689,7 +642,7 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params.antiprompt.emplace_back(argv[i]);
+            params.antiprompt.push_back(argv[i]);
        } else if (arg == "-ld" || arg == "--logdir") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -700,12 +653,6 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
            if (params.logdir.back() != DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
                params.logdir += DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
            }
-        } else if (arg == "--save-all-logits" || arg == "--kl-divergence-base") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            params.logits_file = argv[i];
        } else if (arg == "--perplexity" || arg == "--all-logits") {
            params.logits_all = true;
        } else if (arg == "--ppl-stride") {
@@ -734,24 +681,6 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
                break;
            }
            params.hellaswag_tasks = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-        } else if (arg == "--winogrande") {
-            params.winogrande = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--winogrande-tasks") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            params.winogrande_tasks = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-        } else if (arg == "--multiple-choice") {
-            params.multiple_choice = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--multiple-choice-tasks") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            params.multiple_choice_tasks = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-        } else if (arg == "--kl-divergence") {
-            params.kl_divergence = true;
        } else if (arg == "--ignore-eos") {
            params.ignore_eos = true;
        } else if (arg == "--no-penalize-nl") {
@@ -905,7 +834,7 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
    }

    if (!params.kv_overrides.empty()) {
-        params.kv_overrides.emplace_back();
+        params.kv_overrides.emplace_back(llama_model_kv_override());
        params.kv_overrides.back().key[0] = 0;
    }

@@ -915,14 +844,6 @@ bool gpt_params_parse_ex(int argc, char ** argv, gpt_params & params) {
 void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
    const llama_sampling_params & sparams = params.sparams;

-    std::string sampler_type_chars;
-    std::string sampler_type_names;
-    for (const auto sampler_type : sparams.samplers_sequence) {
-        sampler_type_chars += static_cast<char>(sampler_type);
-        sampler_type_names += sampler_type_to_name_string(sampler_type) + ";";
-    }
-    sampler_type_names.pop_back();
-
    printf("\n");
    printf("usage: %s [options]\n", argv[0]);
    printf("\n");
@@ -943,7 +864,7 @@ void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
    printf("  -tb N, --threads-batch N\n");
    printf("                        number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing (default: same as --threads)\n");
    printf("  -td N, --threads-draft N");
-    printf("                        number of threads to use during generation (default: same as --threads)\n");
+    printf("                        number of threads to use during generation (default: same as --threads)");
    printf("  -tbd N, --threads-batch-draft N\n");
    printf("                        number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing (default: same as --threads-draft)\n");
    printf("  -p PROMPT, --prompt PROMPT\n");
@@ -959,14 +880,11 @@ void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
    printf("  --in-suffix STRING    string to suffix after user inputs with (default: empty)\n");
    printf("  -f FNAME, --file FNAME\n");
    printf("                        prompt file to start generation.\n");
-    printf("  -bf FNAME, --binary-file FNAME\n");
-    printf("                        binary file containing multiple choice tasks.\n");
    printf("  -n N, --n-predict N   number of tokens to predict (default: %d, -1 = infinity, -2 = until context filled)\n", params.n_predict);
    printf("  -c N, --ctx-size N    size of the prompt context (default: %d, 0 = loaded from model)\n", params.n_ctx);
    printf("  -b N, --batch-size N  batch size for prompt processing (default: %d)\n", params.n_batch);
-    printf("  --samplers            samplers that will be used for generation in the order, separated by \';\'\n");
-    printf("                        (default: %s)\n", sampler_type_names.c_str());
-    printf("  --sampling-seq        simplified sequence for samplers that will be used (default: %s)\n", sampler_type_chars.c_str());
+    printf("  --samplers            samplers that will be used for generation in the order, separated by \';\', for example: \"top_k;tfs;typical;top_p;min_p;temp\"\n");
+    printf("  --sampling-seq        simplified sequence for samplers that will be used (default: %s)\n", sparams.samplers_sequence.c_str());
    printf("  --top-k N             top-k sampling (default: %d, 0 = disabled)\n", sparams.top_k);
    printf("  --top-p N             top-p sampling (default: %.1f, 1.0 = disabled)\n", (double)sparams.top_p);
    printf("  --min-p N             min-p sampling (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)\n", (double)sparams.min_p);
@@ -976,8 +894,6 @@ void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
    printf("  --repeat-penalty N    penalize repeat sequence of tokens (default: %.1f, 1.0 = disabled)\n", (double)sparams.penalty_repeat);
    printf("  --presence-penalty N  repeat alpha presence penalty (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)\n", (double)sparams.penalty_present);
    printf("  --frequency-penalty N repeat alpha frequency penalty (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)\n", (double)sparams.penalty_freq);
-    printf("  --dynatemp-range N    dynamic temperature range (default: %.1f, 0.0 = disabled)\n", (double)sparams.dynatemp_range);
-    printf("  --dynatemp-exp N      dynamic temperature exponent (default: %.1f)\n", (double)sparams.dynatemp_exponent);
    printf("  --mirostat N          use Mirostat sampling.\n");
    printf("                        Top K, Nucleus, Tail Free and Locally Typical samplers are ignored if used.\n");
    printf("                        (default: %d, 0 = disabled, 1 = Mirostat, 2 = Mirostat 2.0)\n", sparams.mirostat);
@@ -1010,11 +926,6 @@ void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
    printf("  --logits-all          return logits for all tokens in the batch (default: disabled)\n");
    printf("  --hellaswag           compute HellaSwag score over random tasks from datafile supplied with -f\n");
    printf("  --hellaswag-tasks N   number of tasks to use when computing the HellaSwag score (default: %zu)\n", params.hellaswag_tasks);
-    printf("  --winogrande          compute Winogrande score over random tasks from datafile supplied with -f\n");
-    printf("  --winogrande-tasks N  number of tasks to use when computing the Winogrande score (default: %zu)\n", params.winogrande_tasks);
-    printf("  --multiple-choice     compute multiple choice score over random tasks from datafile supplied with -f\n");
-    printf("  --multiple-choice-tasks N number of tasks to use when computing the multiple choice score (default: %zu)\n", params.winogrande_tasks);
-    printf("  --kl-divergence       computes KL-divergence to logits provided via --kl-divergence-base\n");
    printf("  --keep N              number of tokens to keep from the initial prompt (default: %d, -1 = all)\n", params.n_keep);
    printf("  --draft N             number of tokens to draft for speculative decoding (default: %d)\n", params.n_draft);
    printf("  --chunks N            max number of chunks to process (default: %d, -1 = all)\n", params.n_chunks);
@@ -1025,33 +936,30 @@ void gpt_print_usage(int /*argc*/, char ** argv, const gpt_params & params) {
    printf("  -cb, --cont-batching  enable continuous batching (a.k.a dynamic batching) (default: disabled)\n");
    printf("  --mmproj MMPROJ_FILE  path to a multimodal projector file for LLaVA. see examples/llava/README.md\n");
    printf("  --image IMAGE_FILE    path to an image file. use with multimodal models\n");
-    if (llama_supports_mlock()) {
+    if (llama_mlock_supported()) {
        printf("  --mlock               force system to keep model in RAM rather than swapping or compressing\n");
    }
-    if (llama_supports_mmap()) {
+    if (llama_mmap_supported()) {
        printf("  --no-mmap             do not memory-map model (slower load but may reduce pageouts if not using mlock)\n");
    }
-    printf("  --numa TYPE           attempt optimizations that help on some NUMA systems\n");
-    printf("                          - distribute: spread execution evenly over all nodes\n");
-    printf("                          - isolate: only spawn threads on CPUs on the node that execution started on\n");
-    printf("                          - numactl: use the CPU map provided by numactl\n");
+    printf("  --numa                attempt optimizations that help on some NUMA systems\n");
    printf("                        if run without this previously, it is recommended to drop the system page cache before using this\n");
    printf("                        see https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/1437\n");
-    if (llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
-        printf("  -ngl N, --n-gpu-layers N\n");
-        printf("                        number of layers to store in VRAM\n");
-        printf("  -ngld N, --n-gpu-layers-draft N\n");
-        printf("                        number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model\n");
-        printf("  -sm SPLIT_MODE, --split-mode SPLIT_MODE\n");
-        printf("                        how to split the model across multiple GPUs, one of:\n");
-        printf("                          - none: use one GPU only\n");
-        printf("                          - layer (default): split layers and KV across GPUs\n");
-        printf("                          - row: split rows across GPUs\n");
-        printf("  -ts SPLIT, --tensor-split SPLIT\n");
-        printf("                        fraction of the model to offload to each GPU, comma-separated list of proportions, e.g. 3,1\n");
-        printf("  -mg i, --main-gpu i   the GPU to use for the model (with split-mode = none),\n");
-        printf("                        or for intermediate results and KV (with split-mode = row) (default: %d)\n", params.main_gpu);
-    }
+#ifdef LLAMA_SUPPORTS_GPU_OFFLOAD
+    printf("  -ngl N, --n-gpu-layers N\n");
+    printf("                        number of layers to store in VRAM\n");
+    printf("  -ngld N, --n-gpu-layers-draft N\n");
+    printf("                        number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model\n");
+    printf("  -sm SPLIT_MODE, --split-mode SPLIT_MODE\n");
+    printf("                        how to split the model across multiple GPUs, one of:\n");
+    printf("                          - none: use one GPU only\n");
+    printf("                          - layer (default): split layers and KV across GPUs\n");
+    printf("                          - row: split rows across GPUs\n");
+    printf("  -ts SPLIT, --tensor-split SPLIT\n");
+    printf("                        fraction of the model to offload to each GPU, comma-separated list of proportions, e.g. 3,1\n");
+    printf("  -mg i, --main-gpu i   the GPU to use for the model (with split-mode = none),\n");
+    printf("                        or for intermediate results and KV (with split-mode = row) (default: %d)\n", params.main_gpu);
+#endif
    printf("  --verbose-prompt      print a verbose prompt before generation (default: %s)\n", params.verbose_prompt ? "true" : "false");
    printf("  --no-display-prompt   don't print prompt at generation (default: %s)\n", !params.display_prompt ? "true" : "false");
    printf("  -gan N, --grp-attn-n N\n");
@@ -1118,101 +1026,45 @@ std::string gpt_random_prompt(std::mt19937 & rng) {
 }

 //
-// String utils
+// String parsing
 //

-std::vector<std::string> string_split(std::string input, char separator) {
-    std::vector<std::string> parts;
-    size_t separator_pos = input.find(separator);
-    while (separator_pos != std::string::npos) {
-        std::string part = input.substr(0, separator_pos);
-        parts.emplace_back(part);
-        input = input.substr(separator_pos + 1);
-        separator_pos = input.find(separator);
-    }
-    parts.emplace_back(input);
-    return parts;
-}
-
-std::vector<llama_sampler_type> sampler_types_from_names(const std::vector<std::string> & names, bool allow_alt_names) {
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, llama_sampler_type> sampler_canonical_name_map {
-        {"top_k",       llama_sampler_type::TOP_K},
-        {"top_p",       llama_sampler_type::TOP_P},
-        {"typical_p",   llama_sampler_type::TYPICAL_P},
-        {"min_p",       llama_sampler_type::MIN_P},
-        {"tfs_z",       llama_sampler_type::TFS_Z},
-        {"temperature", llama_sampler_type::TEMPERATURE}
-    };
-
+std::string parse_samplers_input(std::string input) {
+    std::string output = "";
    // since samplers names are written multiple ways
    // make it ready for both system names and input names
-    std::unordered_map<std::string, llama_sampler_type> sampler_alt_name_map {
-        {"top-k",       llama_sampler_type::TOP_K},
-        {"top-p",       llama_sampler_type::TOP_P},
-        {"nucleus",     llama_sampler_type::TOP_P},
-        {"typical-p",   llama_sampler_type::TYPICAL_P},
-        {"typical",     llama_sampler_type::TYPICAL_P},
-        {"min-p",       llama_sampler_type::MIN_P},
-        {"tfs-z",       llama_sampler_type::TFS_Z},
-        {"tfs",         llama_sampler_type::TFS_Z},
-        {"temp",        llama_sampler_type::TEMPERATURE}
+    std::unordered_map<std::string, char> samplers_symbols {
+        {"top_k",      'k'},
+        {"top-k",      'k'},
+        {"top_p",      'p'},
+        {"top-p",      'p'},
+        {"nucleus",    'p'},
+        {"typical_p",  'y'},
+        {"typical-p",  'y'},
+        {"typical",    'y'},
+        {"min_p",      'm'},
+        {"min-p",      'm'},
+        {"tfs_z",      'f'},
+        {"tfs-z",      'f'},
+        {"tfs",        'f'},
+        {"temp",       't'},
+        {"temperature",'t'}
    };
+    // expected format example: "temp;top_k;tfs_z;typical_p;top_p;min_p"
+    size_t separator = input.find(';');
+    while (separator != input.npos) {
+        std::string name = input.substr(0,separator);
+        input = input.substr(separator+1);
+        separator = input.find(';');

-    std::vector<llama_sampler_type> sampler_types;
-    sampler_types.reserve(names.size());
-    for (const auto & name : names)
-    {
-        auto sampler_item = sampler_canonical_name_map.find(name);
-        if (sampler_item != sampler_canonical_name_map.end())
-        {
-            sampler_types.push_back(sampler_item->second);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            if (allow_alt_names)
-            {
-                sampler_item = sampler_alt_name_map.find(name);
-                if (sampler_item != sampler_alt_name_map.end())
-                {
-                    sampler_types.push_back(sampler_item->second);
-                }
-            }
+        if (samplers_symbols.find(name) != samplers_symbols.end()) {
+            output += samplers_symbols[name];
        }
    }
-    return sampler_types;
-}
-
-std::vector<llama_sampler_type> sampler_types_from_chars(const std::string & names_string) {
-    std::unordered_map<char, llama_sampler_type> sampler_name_map {
-        {'k', llama_sampler_type::TOP_K},
-        {'p', llama_sampler_type::TOP_P},
-        {'y', llama_sampler_type::TYPICAL_P},
-        {'m', llama_sampler_type::MIN_P},
-        {'f', llama_sampler_type::TFS_Z},
-        {'t', llama_sampler_type::TEMPERATURE}
-    };
-
-    std::vector<llama_sampler_type> sampler_types;
-    sampler_types.reserve(names_string.size());
-    for (const auto & c : names_string) {
-        const auto sampler_item = sampler_name_map.find(c);
-        if (sampler_item != sampler_name_map.end()) {
-            sampler_types.push_back(sampler_item->second);
-        }
-    }
-    return sampler_types;
-}
-
-std::string sampler_type_to_name_string(llama_sampler_type sampler_type) {
-    switch (sampler_type) {
-        case llama_sampler_type::TOP_K:       return "top_k";
-        case llama_sampler_type::TFS_Z:       return "tfs_z";
-        case llama_sampler_type::TYPICAL_P:   return "typical_p";
-        case llama_sampler_type::TOP_P:       return "top_p";
-        case llama_sampler_type::MIN_P:       return "min_p";
-        case llama_sampler_type::TEMPERATURE: return "temperature";
-        default : return "";
+    if (samplers_symbols.find(input) != samplers_symbols.end()) {
+        output += samplers_symbols[input];
    }
+    return output;
 }

 //
@@ -1614,10 +1466,9 @@ void dump_non_result_info_yaml(FILE * stream, const gpt_params & params, const l
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_avx512: %s\n",      ggml_cpu_has_avx512()      ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_avx512_vbmi: %s\n", ggml_cpu_has_avx512_vbmi() ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_avx512_vnni: %s\n", ggml_cpu_has_avx512_vnni() ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_blas: %s\n",        ggml_cpu_has_blas()        ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_cublas: %s\n",      ggml_cpu_has_cublas()      ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_vulkan: %s\n",      ggml_cpu_has_vulkan()      ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_clblast: %s\n",     ggml_cpu_has_clblast()     ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_kompute: %s\n",     ggml_cpu_has_kompute()     ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_fma: %s\n",         ggml_cpu_has_fma()         ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_gpublas: %s\n",     ggml_cpu_has_gpublas()     ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_neon: %s\n",        ggml_cpu_has_neon()        ? "true" : "false");
@@ -1627,7 +1478,6 @@ void dump_non_result_info_yaml(FILE * stream, const gpt_params & params, const l
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_blas: %s\n",        ggml_cpu_has_blas()        ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_sse3: %s\n",        ggml_cpu_has_sse3()        ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_vsx: %s\n",         ggml_cpu_has_vsx()         ? "true" : "false");
-    fprintf(stream, "cpu_has_matmul_int8: %s\n", ggml_cpu_has_matmul_int8() ? "true" : "false");

 #ifdef NDEBUG
    fprintf(stream, "debug: false\n");
@@ -1717,6 +1567,7 @@ void dump_non_result_info_yaml(FILE * stream, const gpt_params & params, const l
    fprintf(stream, "no_mmap: %s # default: false\n", !params.use_mmap ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "no_mul_mat_q: %s # default: false\n", !params.mul_mat_q ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "no_penalize_nl: %s # default: false\n", !sparams.penalize_nl ? "true" : "false");
+    fprintf(stream, "numa: %s # default: false\n", params.numa ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "ppl_output_type: %d # default: 0\n", params.ppl_output_type);
    fprintf(stream, "ppl_stride: %d # default: 0\n", params.ppl_stride);
    fprintf(stream, "presence_penalty: %f # default: 0.0\n", sparams.penalty_present);
@@ -1746,7 +1597,7 @@ void dump_non_result_info_yaml(FILE * stream, const gpt_params & params, const l
    fprintf(stream, "cont_batching: %s # default: false\n", params.cont_batching ? "true" : "false");
    fprintf(stream, "temp: %f # default: 0.8\n", sparams.temp);

-    const std::vector<float> tensor_split_vector(params.tensor_split, params.tensor_split + llama_max_devices());
+    const std::vector<float> tensor_split_vector(params.tensor_split, params.tensor_split + LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES);
    dump_vector_float_yaml(stream, "tensor_split", tensor_split_vector);

    fprintf(stream, "tfs: %f # default: 1.0\n", sparams.tfs_z);
--- a/common/common.h
+++ b/common/common.h
@@ -43,40 +43,40 @@ extern char const *LLAMA_BUILD_TARGET;
 int32_t get_num_physical_cores();

 struct gpt_params {
-    uint32_t seed                 = -1;    // RNG seed
+    uint32_t seed                           = -1;    // RNG seed

-    int32_t n_threads             = get_num_physical_cores();
-    int32_t n_threads_draft       = -1;
-    int32_t n_threads_batch       = -1;    // number of threads to use for batch processing (-1 = use n_threads)
-    int32_t n_threads_batch_draft = -1;
-    int32_t n_predict             = -1;    // new tokens to predict
-    int32_t n_ctx                 = 512;   // context size
-    int32_t n_batch               = 512;   // batch size for prompt processing (must be >=32 to use BLAS)
-    int32_t n_keep                = 0;     // number of tokens to keep from initial prompt
-    int32_t n_draft               = 8;     // number of tokens to draft during speculative decoding
-    int32_t n_chunks              = -1;    // max number of chunks to process (-1 = unlimited)
-    int32_t n_parallel            = 1;     // number of parallel sequences to decode
-    int32_t n_sequences           = 1;     // number of sequences to decode
-    float   p_accept              = 0.5f;  // speculative decoding accept probability
-    float   p_split               = 0.1f;  // speculative decoding split probability
-    int32_t n_gpu_layers          = -1;    // number of layers to store in VRAM (-1 - use default)
-    int32_t n_gpu_layers_draft    = -1;    // number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model (-1 - use default)
-    llama_split_mode split_mode   = LLAMA_SPLIT_LAYER; // how to split the model across GPUs
-    int32_t main_gpu              = 0;     // the GPU that is used for scratch and small tensors
-    float   tensor_split[128]     = {0};   // how split tensors should be distributed across GPUs
-    int32_t n_beams               = 0;     // if non-zero then use beam search of given width.
-    int32_t grp_attn_n            = 1;     // group-attention factor
-    int32_t grp_attn_w            = 512;   // group-attention width
-    int32_t n_print               = -1;    // print token count every n tokens (-1 = disabled)
-    float   rope_freq_base        = 0.0f;  // RoPE base frequency
-    float   rope_freq_scale       = 0.0f;  // RoPE frequency scaling factor
-    float   yarn_ext_factor       = -1.0f; // YaRN extrapolation mix factor
-    float   yarn_attn_factor      = 1.0f;  // YaRN magnitude scaling factor
-    float   yarn_beta_fast        = 32.0f; // YaRN low correction dim
-    float   yarn_beta_slow        = 1.0f;  // YaRN high correction dim
-    int32_t yarn_orig_ctx         = 0;     // YaRN original context length
-    int32_t rope_scaling_type     = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED;
-    ggml_numa_strategy numa       = GGML_NUMA_STRATEGY_DISABLED;
+    int32_t n_threads                       = get_num_physical_cores();
+    int32_t n_threads_draft                 = -1;
+    int32_t n_threads_batch                 = -1;    // number of threads to use for batch processing (-1 = use n_threads)
+    int32_t n_threads_batch_draft           = -1;
+    int32_t n_predict                       = -1;    // new tokens to predict
+    int32_t n_ctx                           = 512;   // context size
+    int32_t n_batch                         = 512;   // batch size for prompt processing (must be >=32 to use BLAS)
+    int32_t n_keep                          = 0;     // number of tokens to keep from initial prompt
+    int32_t n_draft                         = 8;     // number of tokens to draft during speculative decoding
+    int32_t n_chunks                        = -1;    // max number of chunks to process (-1 = unlimited)
+    int32_t n_parallel                      = 1;     // number of parallel sequences to decode
+    int32_t n_sequences                     = 1;     // number of sequences to decode
+    float   p_accept                        = 0.5f;  // speculative decoding accept probability
+    float   p_split                         = 0.1f;  // speculative decoding split probability
+    int32_t n_gpu_layers                    = -1;    // number of layers to store in VRAM (-1 - use default)
+    int32_t n_gpu_layers_draft              = -1;    // number of layers to store in VRAM for the draft model (-1 - use default)
+    llama_split_mode split_mode             = LLAMA_SPLIT_LAYER; // how to split the model across GPUs
+    int32_t main_gpu                        = 0;     // the GPU that is used for scratch and small tensors
+    float   tensor_split[LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES] = {0};   // how split tensors should be distributed across GPUs
+    int32_t n_beams                         = 0;     // if non-zero then use beam search of given width.
+    int32_t grp_attn_n                      = 1;     // group-attention factor
+    int32_t grp_attn_w                      = 512;   // group-attention width
+    int32_t n_print                         = -1;    // print token count every n tokens (-1 = disabled)
+    float   rope_freq_base                  = 0.0f;  // RoPE base frequency
+    float   rope_freq_scale                 = 0.0f;  // RoPE frequency scaling factor
+    float   yarn_ext_factor                 = -1.0f; // YaRN extrapolation mix factor
+    float   yarn_attn_factor                = 1.0f;  // YaRN magnitude scaling factor
+    float   yarn_beta_fast                  = 32.0f; // YaRN low correction dim
+    float   yarn_beta_slow                  = 1.0f;  // YaRN high correction dim
+    int32_t yarn_orig_ctx                   = 0;     // YaRN original context length
+    int8_t  rope_scaling_type               = LLAMA_ROPE_SCALING_UNSPECIFIED; // TODO: better to be int32_t for alignment
+                                                                              //       pinging @cebtenzzre

    // // sampling parameters
    struct llama_sampling_params sparams;
@@ -91,7 +91,6 @@ struct gpt_params {
    std::string input_suffix      = "";  // string to suffix user inputs with
    std::vector<std::string> antiprompt; // string upon seeing which more user input is prompted
    std::string logdir            = "";  // directory in which to save YAML log files
-    std::string logits_file       = "";  // file for saving *all* logits

    std::vector<llama_model_kv_override> kv_overrides;

@@ -106,14 +105,6 @@ struct gpt_params {
    bool   hellaswag       = false; // compute HellaSwag score over random tasks from datafile supplied in prompt
    size_t hellaswag_tasks = 400;   // number of tasks to use when computing the HellaSwag score

-    bool   winogrande      = false; // compute Winogrande score over random tasks from datafile supplied in prompt
-    size_t winogrande_tasks= 0;     // number of tasks to use when computing the Winogrande score. If 0, all tasks will be computed
-
-    bool   multiple_choice = false; // compute TruthfulQA score over random tasks from datafile supplied in prompt
-    size_t multiple_choice_tasks = 0;     // number of tasks to use when computing the TruthfulQA score. If 0, all tasks will be computed
-
-    bool   kl_divergence   = false; // compute KL-divergence
-
    bool mul_mat_q         = true;  // if true, use mul_mat_q kernels instead of cuBLAS
    bool random_prompt     = false; // do not randomize prompt if none provided
    bool use_color         = false; // use color to distinguish generations and inputs
@@ -135,6 +126,7 @@ struct gpt_params {
    bool logits_all        = false; // return logits for all tokens in the batch
    bool use_mmap          = true;  // use mmap for faster loads
    bool use_mlock         = false; // use mlock to keep model in memory
+    bool numa              = false; // attempt optimizations that help on some NUMA systems
    bool verbose_prompt    = false; // print prompt tokens before generation
    bool display_prompt    = true;  // print prompt before generation
    bool infill            = false; // use infill mode
@@ -162,13 +154,10 @@ std::string gpt_random_prompt(std::mt19937 & rng);
 void process_escapes(std::string& input);

 //
-// String utils
+// String parsing
 //

-std::vector<llama_sampler_type> sampler_types_from_names(const std::vector<std::string> & names, bool allow_alt_names);
-std::vector<llama_sampler_type> sampler_types_from_chars(const std::string & names_string);
-std::vector<std::string> string_split(std::string input, char separator);
-std::string sampler_type_to_name_string(llama_sampler_type sampler_type);
+std::string parse_samplers_input(std::string input);

 //
 // Model utils
--- a/common/sampling.cpp
+++ b/common/sampling.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ struct llama_sampling_context * llama_sampling_init(const struct llama_sampling_
        // will be empty (default) if there are parse errors
        if (result->parsed_grammar.rules.empty()) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: failed to parse grammar\n", __func__);
-            delete result;
            return nullptr;
        }

@@ -103,10 +102,15 @@ std::string llama_sampling_print(const llama_sampling_params & params) {
 std::string llama_sampling_order_print(const llama_sampling_params & params) {
    std::string result = "CFG -> Penalties ";
    if (params.mirostat == 0) {
-        for (auto sampler_type : params.samplers_sequence) {
-            const auto sampler_type_name = sampler_type_to_name_string(sampler_type);
-            if (!sampler_type_name.empty()) {
-                result += "-> " + sampler_type_name + " ";
+        for (auto s : params.samplers_sequence) {
+            switch (s) {
+                case 'k': result += "-> top_k "; break;
+                case 'f': result += "-> tfs_z "; break;
+                case 'y': result += "-> typical_p "; break;
+                case 'p': result += "-> top_p "; break;
+                case 'm': result += "-> min_p "; break;
+                case 't': result += "-> temp "; break;
+                default : break;
            }
        }
    } else {
@@ -122,32 +126,24 @@ static void sampler_queue(
            const llama_sampling_params & params,
                 llama_token_data_array & cur_p,
                                 size_t & min_keep) {
+    const int n_vocab = llama_n_vocab(llama_get_model(ctx_main));
+
    const float         temp              = params.temp;
-    const float         dynatemp_range    = params.dynatemp_range;
-    const float         dynatemp_exponent = params.dynatemp_exponent;
-    const int32_t       top_k             = params.top_k;
+    const int32_t       top_k             = params.top_k <= 0 ? n_vocab : params.top_k;
    const float         top_p             = params.top_p;
    const float         min_p             = params.min_p;
    const float         tfs_z             = params.tfs_z;
    const float         typical_p         = params.typical_p;
-    const std::vector<llama_sampler_type> & samplers_sequence = params.samplers_sequence;
+    const std::string & samplers_sequence = params.samplers_sequence;

-    for (auto sampler_type : samplers_sequence) {
-        switch (sampler_type) {
-            case llama_sampler_type::TOP_K    : llama_sample_top_k    (ctx_main, &cur_p, top_k,     min_keep); break;
-            case llama_sampler_type::TFS_Z    : llama_sample_tail_free(ctx_main, &cur_p, tfs_z,     min_keep); break;
-            case llama_sampler_type::TYPICAL_P: llama_sample_typical  (ctx_main, &cur_p, typical_p, min_keep); break;
-            case llama_sampler_type::TOP_P    : llama_sample_top_p    (ctx_main, &cur_p, top_p,     min_keep); break;
-            case llama_sampler_type::MIN_P    : llama_sample_min_p    (ctx_main, &cur_p, min_p,     min_keep); break;
-            case llama_sampler_type::TEMPERATURE:
-                if (dynatemp_range > 0) {
-                    float dynatemp_min = std::max(0.0f, temp - dynatemp_range);
-                    float dynatemp_max = std::max(0.0f, temp + dynatemp_range);
-                    llama_sample_entropy(ctx_main, &cur_p, dynatemp_min, dynatemp_max, dynatemp_exponent);
-                } else {
-                    llama_sample_temp(ctx_main, &cur_p, temp);
-                }
-                break;
+    for (auto s : samplers_sequence) {
+        switch (s){
+            case 'k': llama_sample_top_k    (ctx_main, &cur_p, top_k,     min_keep); break;
+            case 'f': llama_sample_tail_free(ctx_main, &cur_p, tfs_z,     min_keep); break;
+            case 'y': llama_sample_typical  (ctx_main, &cur_p, typical_p, min_keep); break;
+            case 'p': llama_sample_top_p    (ctx_main, &cur_p, top_p,     min_keep); break;
+            case 'm': llama_sample_min_p    (ctx_main, &cur_p, min_p,     min_keep); break;
+            case 't': llama_sample_temp     (ctx_main, &cur_p, temp); break;
            default : break;
        }
    }
--- a/common/sampling.h
+++ b/common/sampling.h
@@ -8,16 +8,6 @@
 #include <vector>
 #include <unordered_map>

-// sampler types
-enum class llama_sampler_type : char {
-    TOP_K       = 'k',
-    TOP_P       = 'p',
-    MIN_P       = 'm',
-    TFS_Z       = 'f',
-    TYPICAL_P   = 'y',
-    TEMPERATURE = 't'
-};
-
 // sampling parameters
 typedef struct llama_sampling_params {
    int32_t     n_prev                = 64;       // number of previous tokens to remember
@@ -28,8 +18,6 @@ typedef struct llama_sampling_params {
    float       tfs_z                 = 1.00f;    // 1.0 = disabled
    float       typical_p             = 1.00f;    // 1.0 = disabled
    float       temp                  = 0.80f;    // <= 0.0 to sample greedily, 0.0 to not output probabilities
-    float       dynatemp_range        = 0.00f;    // 0.0 = disabled
-    float       dynatemp_exponent     = 1.00f;    // controls how entropy maps to temperature in dynamic temperature sampler
    int32_t     penalty_last_n        = 64;       // last n tokens to penalize (0 = disable penalty, -1 = context size)
    float       penalty_repeat        = 1.10f;    // 1.0 = disabled
    float       penalty_freq          = 0.00f;    // 0.0 = disabled
@@ -38,15 +26,7 @@ typedef struct llama_sampling_params {
    float       mirostat_tau          = 5.00f;    // target entropy
    float       mirostat_eta          = 0.10f;    // learning rate
    bool        penalize_nl           = true;     // consider newlines as a repeatable token
-
-    std::vector<llama_sampler_type> samplers_sequence = {
-        llama_sampler_type::TOP_K,
-        llama_sampler_type::TFS_Z,
-        llama_sampler_type::TYPICAL_P,
-        llama_sampler_type::TOP_P,
-        llama_sampler_type::MIN_P,
-        llama_sampler_type::TEMPERATURE
-    };
+    std::string samplers_sequence     = "kfypmt"; // top_k, tail_free, typical_p, top_p, min_p, temp

    std::string grammar;  // optional BNF-like grammar to constrain sampling

--- a/common/train.cpp
+++ b/common/train.cpp
@@ -1363,12 +1363,12 @@ bool consume_common_train_arg(
                *invalid_param = true;
                return true;
            }
-            if (llama_supports_gpu_offload()) {
-                params->n_gpu_layers = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-            } else {
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --n-gpu-layers option will be ignored\n");
-                fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
-            }
+#ifdef LLAMA_SUPPORTS_GPU_OFFLOAD
+            params->n_gpu_layers = std::stoi(argv[i]);
+#else
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: not compiled with GPU offload support, --n-gpu-layers option will be ignored\n");
+            fprintf(stderr, "warning: see main README.md for information on enabling GPU BLAS support\n");
+#endif
    } else if (arg == "-h" || arg == "--help") {
        params->print_usage = true;
        return true;
--- a/convert-hf-to-gguf.py
+++ b/convert-hf-to-gguf.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ import re
 import sys
 from enum import IntEnum
 from pathlib import Path
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ContextManager, Iterator, Sequence, cast
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, ContextManager, Iterator, cast, Optional

 import numpy as np
 import torch
@@ -22,7 +22,14 @@ if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
    sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'gguf-py'))
 import gguf

-from convert import HfVocab
+
+# check for any of the given keys in the dictionary and return the value of the first key found
+def get_key_opts(d, keys):
+    for k in keys:
+        if k in d:
+            return d[k]
+    print(f"Could not find any of {keys}")
+    sys.exit()


 ###### MODEL DEFINITIONS ######
@@ -49,15 +56,6 @@ class Model:
        self.hparams = Model.load_hparams(self.dir_model)
        self.model_arch = self._get_model_architecture()
        self.gguf_writer = gguf.GGUFWriter(fname_out, gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES[self.model_arch], endianess=self.endianess, use_temp_file=False)
-        self.block_count = self.find_hparam(["n_layers", "num_hidden_layers", "n_layer"])
-
-    def find_hparam(self, keys: Sequence[str], optional: bool = False) -> Any:
-        key = next((k for k in keys if k in self.hparams), None)
-        if key is not None:
-            return self.hparams[key]
-        if optional:
-            return None
-        raise KeyError(f"could not find any of: {keys}")

    def set_vocab(self):
        self._set_vocab_gpt2()
@@ -79,33 +77,28 @@ class Model:

    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.block_count)
-
-        if (n_ctx := self.find_hparam(["max_position_embeddings", "n_ctx"], optional=True)) is not None:
+        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams.get(
+            "n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")),
+        ))
+        if (n_ctx := self.hparams.get("max_position_embeddings")) is not None:
            self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(n_ctx)
-
-        n_embd = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
-
-        if (n_ff := self.find_hparam(["intermediate_size", "n_inner"], optional=True)) is not None:
+        if (n_embd := self.hparams.get("hidden_size")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
+        if (n_ff := self.hparams.get("intermediate_size")) is not None:
            self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(n_ff)
-
-        n_head = self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
-
+        if (n_head := self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
        if (n_head_kv := self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")) is not None:
            self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head_kv)

-        if (f_rms_eps := self.hparams.get("rms_norm_eps")) is not None:
-            self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(f_rms_eps)
-        if (f_norm_eps := self.find_hparam(["layer_norm_eps", "layer_norm_epsilon"], optional=True)) is not None:
-            self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(f_norm_eps)
+        if (n_rms_eps := self.hparams.get("rms_norm_eps")) is not None:
+            self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(n_rms_eps)
        if (n_experts := self.hparams.get("num_local_experts")) is not None:
            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_count(n_experts)
        if (n_experts_used := self.hparams.get("num_experts_per_tok")) is not None:
            self.gguf_writer.add_expert_used_count(n_experts_used)

-        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_parallel_residual(self.hparams.get("use_parallel_residual", True))

    def write_tensors(self):
        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
@@ -196,8 +189,6 @@ class Model:
            return StableLMModel
        if model_architecture == "QWenLMHeadModel":
            return QwenModel
-        if model_architecture == "Qwen2ForCausalLM":
-            return Model
        if model_architecture == "MixtralForCausalLM":
            return MixtralModel
        if model_architecture == "GPT2LMHeadModel":
@@ -206,18 +197,6 @@ class Model:
            return Phi2Model
        if model_architecture == "PlamoForCausalLM":
            return PlamoModel
-        if model_architecture == "CodeShellForCausalLM":
-            return CodeShellModel
-        if model_architecture == "OrionForCausalLM":
-            return OrionModel
-        if model_architecture == "InternLM2ForCausalLM":
-            return InternLM2Model
-        if model_architecture == "MiniCPMForCausalLM":
-            return MiniCPMModel
-        if model_architecture == "BertModel":
-            return BertModel
-        if model_architecture == "NomicBertModel":
-            return NomicBertModel
        return Model

    def _is_model_safetensors(self) -> bool:
@@ -255,8 +234,6 @@ class Model:
            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.STABLELM
        if arch == "QWenLMHeadModel":
            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN
-        if arch == "Qwen2ForCausalLM":
-            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.QWEN2
        if arch == "MixtralForCausalLM":
            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.LLAMA
        if arch == "GPT2LMHeadModel":
@@ -265,18 +242,6 @@ class Model:
            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PHI2
        if arch == "PlamoForCausalLM":
            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PLAMO
-        if arch == "CodeShellForCausalLM":
-            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.CODESHELL
-        if arch == "OrionForCausalLM":
-            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.ORION
-        if arch == "InternLM2ForCausalLM":
-            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.INTERNLM2
-        if arch == "MiniCPMForCausalLM":
-            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.MINICPM
-        if arch == "BertModel":
-            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.BERT
-        if arch == "NomicBertModel":
-            return gguf.MODEL_ARCH.NOMIC_BERT

        raise NotImplementedError(f'Architecture "{arch}" not supported!')

@@ -316,58 +281,6 @@ class Model:
        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(dir_model, load_merges=True)
        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)

-    def _set_vocab_qwen(self):
-        dir_model = self.dir_model
-        hparams = self.hparams
-        tokens: list[bytearray] = []
-        toktypes: list[int] = []
-
-        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
-        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
-        vocab_size = hparams["vocab_size"]
-        assert max(tokenizer.get_vocab().values()) < vocab_size
-
-        merges = []
-        vocab = {}
-        mergeable_ranks = tokenizer.mergeable_ranks
-        for token, rank in mergeable_ranks.items():
-            vocab[QwenModel.token_bytes_to_string(token)] = rank
-            if len(token) == 1:
-                continue
-            merged = QwenModel.bpe(mergeable_ranks, token, max_rank=rank)
-            assert len(merged) == 2
-            merges.append(' '.join(map(QwenModel.token_bytes_to_string, merged)))
-
-        # for this kind of tokenizer, added_vocab is not a subset of vocab, so they need to be combined
-        added_vocab = tokenizer.special_tokens
-        reverse_vocab = {id_ : encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in (vocab | added_vocab).items()}
-
-        for i in range(vocab_size):
-            if i not in reverse_vocab:
-                pad_token = f"[PAD{i}]".encode("utf-8")
-                tokens.append(bytearray(pad_token))
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
-            elif reverse_vocab[i] in added_vocab:
-                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
-            else:
-                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
-                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
-
-        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(dir_model, load_merges=False)
-        special_vocab.merges = merges
-        # only add special tokens when they were not already loaded from config.json
-        if len(special_vocab.special_token_ids) == 0:
-            special_vocab._set_special_token("bos", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
-            special_vocab._set_special_token("eos", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
-        # this one is usually not in config.json anyway
-        special_vocab._set_special_token("unk", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
-        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
-
    def _set_vocab_sentencepiece(self):
        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor

@@ -421,31 +334,6 @@ class Model:
        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)

-    def _set_vocab_hf(self):
-        path = self.dir_model
-        added_tokens_path = self.dir_model
-        vocab = HfVocab(
-            path, added_tokens_path if added_tokens_path.exists() else None
-        )
-        tokens = []
-        scores = []
-        toktypes = []
-
-        for text, score, toktype in vocab.all_tokens():
-            tokens.append(text)
-            scores.append(score)
-            toktypes.append(toktype)
-
-        assert len(tokens) == vocab.vocab_size
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
-
-        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
-        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
-

 class GPTNeoXModel(Model):
    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
@@ -591,8 +479,7 @@ class MPTModel(Model):
            # map tensor names
            if "scales" in name:
                new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias", ".scales"))
-                if new_name is not None:
-                    new_name = new_name.replace("scales", "act.scales")
+                new_name = new_name.replace("scales", "act.scales")
            else:
                new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
            if new_name is None:
@@ -624,83 +511,6 @@ class MPTModel(Model):
                self.gguf_writer.add_tensor("output.weight", data)


-class OrionModel(Model):
-    def set_vocab(self):
-        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
-
-    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
-        head_count = self.hparams["num_attention_heads"]
-        head_count_kv = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads", head_count)
-        hf_repo = self.hparams.get("_name_or_path", "")
-
-        ctx_length = 0
-        if "max_sequence_length" in self.hparams:
-            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_sequence_length"]
-        elif "max_position_embeddings" in self.hparams:
-            ctx_length = self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"]
-        elif "model_max_length" in self.hparams:
-            ctx_length = self.hparams["model_max_length"]
-        else:
-            print("gguf: can not find ctx length parameter.")
-            sys.exit()
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name(self.dir_model.name)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_source_hf_repo(hf_repo)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor_data_layout("Meta AI original pth")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(ctx_length)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(head_count)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(head_count_kv)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
-
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        # Collect tensors from generator object
-        model_kv = dict(self.get_tensors())
-        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
-        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
-
-        for name, data_torch in model_kv.items():
-            # we don't need these
-            if name.endswith(".rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
-                continue
-
-            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
-
-            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
-            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
-                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
-
-            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
-
-            # map tensor names
-            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
-            if new_name is None:
-                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
-                sys.exit()
-
-            n_dims = len(data.shape)
-            data_dtype = data.dtype
-
-            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
-            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
-                data = data.astype(np.float16)
-
-            print(f"{name} -> {new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
-
-
 class BaichuanModel(Model):
    def set_vocab(self):
        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()
@@ -1058,13 +868,6 @@ class PersimmonModel(Model):


 class StableLMModel(Model):
-    def set_vocab(self):
-        if (self.dir_model / "tokenizer.json").is_file():
-            self._set_vocab_gpt2()
-        else:
-            # StableLM 2 1.6B uses a vocab in a similar format to Qwen's vocab
-            self._set_vocab_qwen()
-
    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
        hparams = self.hparams
        block_count = hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
@@ -1085,83 +888,6 @@ class MixtralModel(Model):
        self._set_vocab_sentencepiece()


-class MiniCPMModel(Model):
-    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("MiniCPM")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(self.hparams["hidden_size"] // self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
-
-    def set_vocab(self):
-        self._set_vocab_hf()
-
-    def _reverse_hf_permute(self, weights: Tensor, n_head: int, n_kv_head: int | None = None) -> Tensor:
-        if n_kv_head is not None and n_head != n_kv_head:
-            n_head //= n_kv_head
-
-        return (
-            weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
-            .swapaxes(1, 2)
-            .reshape(weights.shape)
-        )
-
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
-        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
-        n_head = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
-        n_kv_head = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
-        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
-            # we don't need these
-            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
-                continue
-
-            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
-
-            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
-            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
-                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
-
-            # HF models permute some of the tensors, so we need to undo that
-            if name.endswith(("q_proj.weight")):
-                data_torch = self._reverse_hf_permute(data_torch, n_head, n_head)
-            if name.endswith(("k_proj.weight")):
-                data_torch = self._reverse_hf_permute(data_torch, n_head, n_kv_head)
-
-            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
-
-            # map tensor names
-            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
-            if new_name is None:
-                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
-                sys.exit()
-
-            n_dims = len(data.shape)
-            data_dtype = data.dtype
-
-            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
-            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
-                data = data.astype(np.float16)
-
-            print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
-
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
-
-
 class QwenModel(Model):
    @staticmethod
    def token_bytes_to_string(b):
@@ -1170,7 +896,7 @@ class QwenModel(Model):
        return ''.join([byte_encoder[ord(char)] for char in b.decode('latin-1')])

    @staticmethod
-    def bpe(mergeable_ranks: dict[bytes, int], token: bytes, max_rank: int | None = None) -> list[bytes]:
+    def bpe(mergeable_ranks: dict[bytes, int], token: bytes, max_rank: Optional[int] = None) -> list[bytes]:
        parts = [bytes([b]) for b in token]
        while True:
            min_idx = None
@@ -1187,7 +913,52 @@ class QwenModel(Model):
        return parts

    def set_vocab(self):
-        self._set_vocab_qwen()
+        dir_model = self.dir_model
+        hparams = self.hparams
+        tokens: list[bytearray] = []
+        toktypes: list[int] = []
+
+        from transformers import AutoTokenizer
+        tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(dir_model, trust_remote_code=True)
+        vocab_size = hparams["vocab_size"]
+        assert max(tokenizer.get_vocab().values()) < vocab_size
+
+        merges = []
+        vocab = {}
+        mergeable_ranks = tokenizer.mergeable_ranks
+        for token, rank in mergeable_ranks.items():
+            vocab[self.token_bytes_to_string(token)] = rank
+            if len(token) == 1:
+                continue
+            merged = QwenModel.bpe(mergeable_ranks, token, max_rank=rank)
+            assert len(merged) == 2
+            merges.append(' '.join(map(self.token_bytes_to_string, merged)))
+
+        reverse_vocab = {id_ : encoded_tok for encoded_tok, id_ in vocab.items()}
+        added_vocab = tokenizer.special_tokens
+
+        for i in range(vocab_size):
+            if i not in reverse_vocab:
+                pad_token = f"[PAD{i}]".encode("utf-8")
+                tokens.append(bytearray(pad_token))
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.USER_DEFINED)
+            elif reverse_vocab[i] in added_vocab:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.CONTROL)
+            else:
+                tokens.append(reverse_vocab[i])
+                toktypes.append(gguf.TokenType.NORMAL)
+
+        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("gpt2")
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
+        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
+
+        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(dir_model, load_merges=False)
+        special_vocab.merges = merges
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("bos", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("eos", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
+        special_vocab._set_special_token("unk", tokenizer.special_tokens["<|endoftext|>"])
+        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)

    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Qwen")
@@ -1259,7 +1030,7 @@ class GPT2Model(Model):

        for name, data_torch in self.get_tensors():
            # we don't need these
-            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq", ".attn.bias", ".attn.masked_bias")):
+            if name.endswith((".attention.masked_bias", ".attention.bias", ".attention.rotary_emb.inv_freq", ".attn.bias")):
                continue

            if name.endswith((".c_attn.weight", ".c_proj.weight", ".c_fc.weight", ".c_proj.weight")):
@@ -1306,21 +1077,21 @@ class GPT2Model(Model):

 class Phi2Model(Model):
    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        block_count = self.find_hparam(["num_hidden_layers", "n_layer"])
+        block_count = get_key_opts(self.hparams, ["num_hidden_layers", "n_layer"])

-        rot_pct = self.find_hparam(["partial_rotary_factor"])
-        n_embd = self.find_hparam(["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
-        n_head = self.find_hparam(["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])
+        rot_pct = get_key_opts(self.hparams, ["partial_rotary_factor"])
+        n_embd = get_key_opts(self.hparams, ["hidden_size", "n_embd"])
+        n_head = get_key_opts(self.hparams, ["num_attention_heads", "n_head"])

        self.gguf_writer.add_name("Phi2")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.find_hparam(["n_positions", "max_position_embeddings"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(get_key_opts(self.hparams, ["n_positions", "max_position_embeddings"]))

        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(n_embd)
        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * n_embd)
        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(n_head)
        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(n_head)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.find_hparam(["layer_norm_epsilon", "layer_norm_eps"]))
+        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(get_key_opts(self.hparams, ["layer_norm_epsilon", "layer_norm_eps"]))
        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(int(rot_pct * n_embd) // n_head)
        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
        self.gguf_writer.add_add_bos_token(False)
@@ -1405,386 +1176,6 @@ class PlamoModel(Model):
            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)


-class CodeShellModel(Model):
-    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        block_count = self.hparams["n_layer"]
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("CodeShell")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["n_positions"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["n_embd"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(4 * self.hparams["n_embd"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["n_head"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_query_groups"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_eps(self.hparams["layer_norm_epsilon"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_file_type(self.ftype)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(10000.0)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_type(gguf.RopeScalingType.LINEAR)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_scaling_factor(1.0)
-
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        block_count = self.hparams.get("n_layers", self.hparams.get("num_hidden_layers", self.hparams.get("n_layer")))
-        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
-        tensors = dict(self.get_tensors())
-        has_lm_head = "lm_head.weight" in tensors.keys() or "output.weight" in tensors.keys()
-        for name, data_torch in tensors.items():
-            # we don't need these
-            if name.endswith((".attn.rotary_emb.inv_freq")):
-                continue
-
-            old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
-
-            # convert any unsupported data types to float32
-            if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
-                data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
-
-            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
-
-            # map tensor names
-            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
-            if new_name is None:
-                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
-                sys.exit()
-
-            n_dims = len(data.shape)
-            data_dtype = data.dtype
-
-            # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
-            if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
-                data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-            # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
-            if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
-                data = data.astype(np.float16)
-
-            print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
-
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
-
-            if not has_lm_head and name == "transformer.wte.weight":
-                self.gguf_writer.add_tensor("output.weight", data)
-                print(name, f"=> output.weight, shape = {data.shape}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
-
-
-class InternLM2Model(Model):
-    def set_vocab(self):
-        # (TODO): Is there a better way?
-        # Copy from _set_vocab_sentencepiece, The only difference is that we will treat the character
-        # \x00 specially and convert it into an emoji character to prevent it from being mistakenly
-        # recognized as an empty string in C++.
-        from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
-        from sentencepiece import sentencepiece_model_pb2 as model
-
-        tokenizer_path = self.dir_model / 'tokenizer.model'
-
-        tokens: list[bytes] = []
-        scores: list[float] = []
-        toktypes: list[int] = []
-
-        if not tokenizer_path.is_file():
-            print(f'Error: Missing {tokenizer_path}', file=sys.stderr)
-            sys.exit(1)
-
-        sentencepiece_model = model.ModelProto()
-        sentencepiece_model.ParseFromString(open(tokenizer_path, "rb").read())
-        add_prefix = sentencepiece_model.normalizer_spec.add_dummy_prefix
-
-        tokenizer = SentencePieceProcessor(str(tokenizer_path))
-        vocab_size = self.hparams.get('vocab_size', tokenizer.vocab_size())
-
-        for token_id in range(vocab_size):
-            piece = tokenizer.id_to_piece(token_id)
-            text = piece.encode("utf-8")
-            score = tokenizer.get_score(token_id)
-            if text == b"\x00":
-                # (TODO): fixme
-                # Hack here and replace the \x00 characters.
-                print(f"InternLM2 convert token '{text}' to '🐉'!")
-                text = "🐉"
-
-            toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.NORMAL
-            if tokenizer.is_unknown(token_id):
-                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNKNOWN
-            elif tokenizer.is_control(token_id):
-                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.CONTROL
-            elif tokenizer.is_unused(token_id):
-                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.UNUSED
-            elif tokenizer.is_byte(token_id):
-                toktype = SentencePieceTokenTypes.BYTE
-
-            tokens.append(text)
-            scores.append(score)
-            toktypes.append(toktype)
-
-        added_tokens_file = self.dir_model / 'added_tokens.json'
-        if added_tokens_file.is_file():
-            with open(added_tokens_file, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                added_tokens_json = json.load(f)
-
-                for key in added_tokens_json:
-                    tokens.append(key.encode("utf-8"))
-                    scores.append(-1000.0)
-                    toktypes.append(SentencePieceTokenTypes.USER_DEFINED)
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("llama")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_add_space_prefix(add_prefix)
-
-        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
-        old_eos = special_vocab.special_token_ids["eos"]
-        if "chat" in os.path.basename(self.dir_model.absolute()):
-            # For the chat model, we replace the eos with '<|im_end|>'.
-            special_vocab.special_token_ids["eos"] = self._try_get_sft_eos(tokenizer)
-            print(f"Replace eos:{old_eos} with a special token:{special_vocab.special_token_ids['eos']} \
-in chat mode so that the conversation can end normally.")
-
-        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
-
-    def _try_get_sft_eos(self, tokenizer):
-        unused_145_list = tokenizer.encode('[UNUSED_TOKEN_145]')
-        im_end_list = tokenizer.encode('<|im_end|>')
-        assert (len(unused_145_list) == 1) ^ (len(im_end_list) == 1)
-        if len(unused_145_list) == 1:
-            eos_token = unused_145_list[0]
-        if len(im_end_list) == 1:
-            eos_token = im_end_list[0]
-        return eos_token
-
-    def _hf_permute_qk(self, weights, n_head: int, n_head_kv: int):
-        if n_head_kv is not None and n_head != n_head_kv:
-            n_head = n_head_kv
-        return (weights.reshape(n_head, 2, weights.shape[0] // n_head // 2, *weights.shape[1:])
-                .swapaxes(1, 2)
-                .reshape(weights.shape))
-
-    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        self.gguf_writer.add_name("InternLM2")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_context_length(self.hparams["max_position_embeddings"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_block_count(self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(self.hparams["hidden_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(self.hparams["intermediate_size"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.hparams["rope_theta"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count(self.hparams["num_attention_heads"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_layer_norm_rms_eps(self.hparams["rms_norm_eps"])
-        self.gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(self.hparams["num_key_value_heads"])
-
-    def post_write_tensors(self, tensor_map, name, data_torch):
-        old_dtype = data_torch.dtype
-
-        # convert any unsupported data types to float32
-        if data_torch.dtype not in (torch.float16, torch.float32):
-            data_torch = data_torch.to(torch.float32)
-
-        data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
-
-        # map tensor names
-        new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
-        if new_name is None:
-            print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
-            sys.exit()
-
-        n_dims = len(data.shape)
-        data_dtype = data.dtype
-
-        # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
-        if self.ftype == 0 and data_dtype == np.float16:
-            data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-        # TODO: Why cant we use these float16 as-is? There should be not reason to store float16 as float32
-        if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float16 and n_dims == 1:
-            data = data.astype(np.float32)
-
-        # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
-        if self.ftype == 1 and data_dtype == np.float32 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2:
-            data = data.astype(np.float16)
-
-        print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {old_dtype} --> {data.dtype}")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
-
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        from einops import rearrange
-
-        num_heads = self.hparams.get("num_attention_heads")
-        num_kv_heads = self.hparams.get("num_key_value_heads")
-        hidden_size = self.hparams.get("hidden_size")
-        q_per_kv = num_heads // num_kv_heads
-        head_dim = hidden_size // num_heads
-        num_groups = num_heads // q_per_kv
-
-        block_count = self.hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
-        model_kv = dict(self.get_tensors())
-        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, block_count)
-        qkv_pattern = r"model\.layers\.(\d+)\.attention\.wqkv"
-        for name, data_torch in model_kv.items():
-            # we don't need these
-            if name.endswith(".rotary_emb.inv_freq"):
-                continue
-
-            if re.match(qkv_pattern, name):
-                bid = re.findall(qkv_pattern, name)[0]
-                qkv = data_torch
-                qkv = rearrange(qkv.T, " o (g n i) ->o g n i", g=num_groups, n=q_per_kv + 2, i=head_dim)
-                q, k, v = qkv[..., : q_per_kv, :], qkv[..., q_per_kv: q_per_kv + 1, :], qkv[..., q_per_kv + 1: q_per_kv + 2, :]
-                # The model weights of q and k equire additional reshape.
-                q = self._hf_permute_qk(rearrange(q, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T, num_heads, num_heads)
-                k = self._hf_permute_qk(rearrange(k, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T, num_heads, num_kv_heads)
-                v = rearrange(v, " o g n i ->  o (g n i)").T
-                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, f"model.layers.{bid}.attention.wq.weight", q)
-                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, f"model.layers.{bid}.attention.wk.weight", k)
-                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, f"model.layers.{bid}.attention.wv.weight", v)
-            else:
-                self.post_write_tensors(tensor_map, name, data_torch)
-
-
-class BertModel(Model):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-        self.vocab_size = None
-
-    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        super().set_gguf_parameters()
-        self.gguf_writer.add_causal_attention(False)
-
-        # get pooling path
-        with open(self.dir_model / "modules.json", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-            modules = json.load(f)
-        pooling_path = None
-        for mod in modules:
-            if mod["type"] == "sentence_transformers.models.Pooling":
-                pooling_path = mod["path"]
-                break
-
-        # get pooling type
-        pooling_type = gguf.PoolingType.NONE
-        if pooling_path is not None:
-            with open(self.dir_model / pooling_path / "config.json", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                pooling = json.load(f)
-            if pooling["pooling_mode_mean_tokens"]:
-                pooling_type = gguf.PoolingType.MEAN
-            elif pooling["pooling_mode_cls_token"]:
-                pooling_type = gguf.PoolingType.CLS
-            else:
-                raise NotImplementedError("Only MEAN and CLS pooling types supported")
-
-        self.gguf_writer.add_pooling_type(pooling_type.value)
-
-    def set_vocab(self):
-        path = self.dir_model
-        added_tokens_path = self.dir_model if self.dir_model.exists() else None
-
-        # use huggingface vocab to get all tokens
-        vocab = HfVocab(path, added_tokens_path)
-        tokens, scores, toktypes = zip(*vocab.all_tokens())
-        assert len(tokens) == vocab.vocab_size
-        self.vocab_size = vocab.vocab_size
-
-        # we need this to validate the size of the token_type embeddings
-        # though currently we are passing all zeros to the token_type embeddings
-        n_token_types = len(set(toktypes))
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_type_count(n_token_types)
-
-        # convert to phantom space vocab
-        def phantom(tok, typ):
-            if tok.startswith(b"[") and tok.endswith(b"]"):
-                return tok
-            if tok.startswith(b"##"):
-                return tok[2:]
-            return b"\xe2\x96\x81" + tok
-        tokens = tuple(phantom(t, y) for t, y in zip(tokens, toktypes))
-
-        # set up bos and eos tokens (cls and sep)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_bos_token_id(vocab.tokenizer.cls_token_id)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_eos_token_id(vocab.tokenizer.sep_token_id)
-
-        # add vocab to gguf
-        self.gguf_writer.add_tokenizer_model("bert")
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_list(tokens)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_scores(scores)
-        self.gguf_writer.add_token_types(toktypes)
-
-        # handle special tokens
-        special_vocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(self.dir_model, n_vocab=len(tokens))
-        special_vocab.add_to_gguf(self.gguf_writer)
-
-    def write_tensors(self):
-        tensor_map = gguf.get_tensor_name_map(self.model_arch, self.block_count)
-        tensors = dict(self.get_tensors())
-        for name, data_torch in tensors.items():
-            # we are only using BERT for embeddings so we don't need the pooling layer
-            if name in ("embeddings.position_ids", "pooler.dense.weight", "pooler.dense.bias"):
-                continue  # we don't need these
-
-            # map tensor names
-            new_name = tensor_map.get_name(name, try_suffixes=(".weight", ".bias"))
-            if new_name is None:
-                print(f"Can not map tensor {name!r}")
-                sys.exit()
-
-            data = data_torch.squeeze().numpy()
-            n_dims = len(data.shape)
-            new_dtype: type[np.floating[Any]]
-
-            if (
-                self.ftype == 1 and name.endswith(".weight") and n_dims == 2
-                and name != "embeddings.token_type_embeddings.weight"  # not used with get_rows, must be F32
-            ):
-                # if f16 desired, convert any float32 2-dim weight tensors to float16
-                new_dtype = np.float16
-            else:
-                # if f32 desired, convert any float16 to float32
-                new_dtype = np.float32
-
-            print(f"{new_name}, n_dims = {n_dims}, {data_torch.dtype} --> {new_dtype}")
-
-            if data.dtype != new_dtype:
-                data = data.astype(new_dtype)
-
-            self.gguf_writer.add_tensor(new_name, data)
-
-
-class NomicBertModel(BertModel):
-    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
-        super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
-
-        # the HF config claims n_ctx=8192, but it uses RoPE scaling
-        self.hparams["n_ctx"] = 2048
-
-        # SwigLU activation
-        assert self.hparams["activation_function"] == "swiglu"
-        # this doesn't do anything in the HF version
-        assert self.hparams["causal"] is False
-        # no bias tensors
-        assert self.hparams["qkv_proj_bias"] is False
-        assert self.hparams["mlp_fc1_bias"] is False
-        assert self.hparams["mlp_fc2_bias"] is False
-        # norm at end of layer
-        assert self.hparams["prenorm"] is False
-        # standard RoPE
-        assert self.hparams["rotary_emb_fraction"] == 1.0
-        assert self.hparams["rotary_emb_interleaved"] is False
-        assert self.hparams["rotary_emb_scale_base"] is None
-
-    def set_gguf_parameters(self):
-        super().set_gguf_parameters()
-        self.gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(self.hparams["rotary_emb_base"])
-
-    def get_tensors(self):
-        assert self.vocab_size is not None
-        for name, data in super().get_tensors():
-            # Nomic Embed's token embeddings tensor is padded, but llama.cpp wants tensor sizes to match exactly.
-            if name == 'embeddings.word_embeddings.weight' and data.shape[1] != self.vocab_size:
-                rounded_vocab_size = (self.vocab_size + 63) // 64 * 64
-                assert data.shape == (rounded_vocab_size, self.hparams["n_embd"])
-                data = data[:self.vocab_size, :]
-            yield name, data
-
-
 ###### CONVERSION LOGIC ######


@@ -1822,7 +1213,7 @@ def main() -> None:

    if args.awq_path:
        sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'awq-py'))
-        from awq.apply_awq import add_scale_weights  # type: ignore[import-not-found]
+        from awq.apply_awq import add_scale_weights
        tmp_model_path = args.model / "weighted_model"
        dir_model = tmp_model_path
        if tmp_model_path.is_dir():
--- a/convert-llama-ggml-to-gguf.py
+++ b/convert-llama-ggml-to-gguf.py
@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations

 import argparse
-import os
 import struct
 import sys
 from enum import IntEnum
@@ -10,6 +9,7 @@ from pathlib import Path

 import numpy as np

+import os
 if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
    sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'gguf-py'))
 import gguf
@@ -371,11 +371,15 @@ def handle_metadata(cfg, hp):
        params = convert.Params.loadOriginalParamsJson(fakemodel, orig_config_path)
    else:
        raise ValueError('Unable to load metadata')
-    vocab_path = Path(cfg.vocab_dir if cfg.vocab_dir is not None else cfg.model_metadata_dir)
-    vocab_factory = convert.VocabFactory(vocab_path)
-    vocab, special_vocab = vocab_factory.load_vocab(cfg.vocabtype, cfg.model_metadata_dir)
+    vocab = convert.load_vocab(
+        cfg.vocab_dir if cfg.vocab_dir is not None else cfg.model_metadata_dir,
+        cfg.vocabtype)
+    # FIXME: Respect cfg.vocab_dir?
+    svocab = gguf.SpecialVocab(cfg.model_metadata_dir,
+                               load_merges = cfg.vocabtype == 'bpe',
+                               n_vocab = vocab.vocab_size)
    convert.check_vocab_size(params, vocab)
-    return params, vocab, special_vocab
+    return (params, vocab, svocab)


 def handle_args():
--- a/convert-lora-to-ggml.py
+++ b/convert-lora-to-ggml.py
@@ -5,16 +5,17 @@ import json
 import os
 import struct
 import sys
-from pathlib import Path
 from typing import Any, BinaryIO, Sequence

 import numpy as np
 import torch

+from pathlib import Path
 if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
    sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'gguf-py' / 'gguf'))
 import gguf

+
 NUMPY_TYPE_TO_FTYPE: dict[str, int] = {"float32": 0, "float16": 1}


@@ -59,14 +60,7 @@ if __name__ == '__main__':
    input_model = os.path.join(sys.argv[1], "adapter_model.bin")
    output_path = os.path.join(sys.argv[1], "ggml-adapter-model.bin")

-    if os.path.exists(input_model):
-        model = torch.load(input_model, map_location="cpu")
-    else:
-        input_model = os.path.join(sys.argv[1], "adapter_model.safetensors")
-        # lazy import load_file only if lora is in safetensors format.
-        from safetensors.torch import load_file
-        model = load_file(input_model, device="cpu")
-
+    model = torch.load(input_model, map_location="cpu")
    arch_name = sys.argv[2] if len(sys.argv) == 3 else "llama"

    if arch_name not in gguf.MODEL_ARCH_NAMES.values():
--- a/convert-persimmon-to-gguf.py
+++ b/convert-persimmon-to-gguf.py
@@ -1,13 +1,11 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env python3
-import argparse
-import os
-import sys
-from pathlib import Path
-from pprint import pprint
-
 import torch
+import os
+from pprint import pprint
+import sys
+import argparse
+from pathlib import Path
 from sentencepiece import SentencePieceProcessor
-
 if 'NO_LOCAL_GGUF' not in os.environ:
    sys.path.insert(1, str(Path(__file__).parent / 'gguf-py'))
 import gguf
@@ -71,7 +69,7 @@ def main():
    persimmon_model = torch.load(args.ckpt_path)
    hparams = persimmon_model['args']
    pprint(hparams)
-    tensors: dict[str, torch.Tensor] = {}
+    tensors = {}
    _flatten_dict(persimmon_model['model'], tensors, None)

    arch = gguf.MODEL_ARCH.PERSIMMON
@@ -88,8 +86,7 @@ def main():
    gguf_writer.add_embedding_length(hidden_size)
    gguf_writer.add_block_count(block_count)
    gguf_writer.add_feed_forward_length(hparams.ffn_hidden_size)
-    # ref: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4889/commits/eea19039fc52ea2dbd1aab45b59ab4e3e29a3443
-    gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(hidden_size // head_count // 2)
+    gguf_writer.add_rope_dimension_count(hidden_size // head_count)
    gguf_writer.add_head_count(head_count)
    gguf_writer.add_head_count_kv(head_count_kv)
    gguf_writer.add_rope_freq_base(hparams.rotary_emb_base)
--- a/convert.py
+++ b/convert.py
--- a/examples/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -23,9 +23,6 @@ else()
    add_subdirectory(infill)
    add_subdirectory(llama-bench)
    add_subdirectory(llava)
-    if (LLAMA_SYCL)
-        add_subdirectory(sycl)
-    endif()
    add_subdirectory(main)
    add_subdirectory(tokenize)
    add_subdirectory(parallel)
@@ -38,7 +35,6 @@ else()
    add_subdirectory(speculative)
    add_subdirectory(lookahead)
    add_subdirectory(lookup)
-    add_subdirectory(gguf)
    add_subdirectory(train-text-from-scratch)
    add_subdirectory(imatrix)
    if (LLAMA_BUILD_SERVER)
--- a/examples/batched-bench/batched-bench.cpp
+++ b/examples/batched-bench/batched-bench.cpp
@@ -82,14 +82,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    // init LLM

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    // initialize the model

    llama_model_params model_params = llama_model_default_params();

-    const std::vector<float> t_split(llama_max_devices(), 0.0f);
+    const std::vector<float> t_split (LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES, 0.0f);

    model_params.n_gpu_layers = n_gpu_layers;
    model_params.tensor_split = t_split.data();
--- a/examples/batched.swift/Sources/main.swift
+++ b/examples/batched.swift/Sources/main.swift
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ let n_parallel: Int = arguments.count > 3 && Int(arguments[3]) != nil ? Int(argu
 let n_len: Int = 32

 // init LLM
-llama_backend_init()
+llama_backend_init(false)
 defer {
    llama_backend_free()
 }
--- a/examples/batched/batched.cpp
+++ b/examples/batched/batched.cpp
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    // init LLM

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    // initialize the model

--- a/examples/beam-search/beam-search.cpp
+++ b/examples/beam-search/beam-search.cpp
@@ -119,8 +119,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv)
    // Init LLM :
    //---------------------------------

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model;
    llama_context * ctx;
--- a/examples/embedding/embedding.cpp
+++ b/examples/embedding/embedding.cpp
@@ -7,51 +7,6 @@
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
 #endif

-static std::vector<std::string> split_lines(const std::string & s) {
-    std::string line;
-    std::vector<std::string> lines;
-    std::stringstream ss(s);
-    while (std::getline(ss, line)) {
-        lines.push_back(line);
-    }
-    return lines;
-}
-
-static void batch_add_seq(llama_batch & batch, const std::vector<int32_t> & tokens, int seq_id) {
-    for (size_t i = 0; i < tokens.size(); i++) {
-        llama_batch_add(batch, tokens[i], i, { seq_id }, false);
-    }
-}
-
-static void normalize(float * vec, float * out, int n) {
-    float norm = 0;
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        norm += vec[i] * vec[i];
-    }
-    norm = sqrt(norm);
-    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
-        out[i] = vec[i] / norm;
-    }
-}
-
-static void batch_decode(llama_context * ctx, llama_batch & batch, float * output, int n_seq, int n_embd) {
-    // clear previous kv_cache values (irrelevant for embeddings)
-    llama_kv_cache_clear(ctx);
-
-    // run model
-    fprintf(stderr, "%s: n_tokens = %d, n_seq = %d\n", __func__, batch.n_tokens, n_seq);
-    if (llama_decode(ctx, batch) < 0) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s : failed to decode\n", __func__);
-    }
-
-    // normalize on copy
-    for (int k = 0; k < n_seq; k++) {
-        float * emb = llama_get_embeddings_ith(ctx, k);
-        float * out = output + k * n_embd;
-        normalize(emb, out, n_embd);
-    }
-}
-
 int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    gpt_params params;

@@ -74,8 +29,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        params.prompt = gpt_random_prompt(rng);
    }

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model;
    llama_context * ctx;
@@ -101,84 +55,49 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", get_system_info(params).c_str());
    }

-    // split the prompt into lines
-    std::vector<std::string> prompts = split_lines(params.prompt);
+    int n_past = 0;

-    // max batch size
-    const uint64_t n_batch = params.n_batch;
-    GGML_ASSERT(params.n_batch == params.n_ctx);
+    // tokenize the prompt
+    auto embd_inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, params.prompt, true);

-    // tokenize the prompts and trim
-    std::vector<std::vector<int32_t>> inputs;
-    for (const auto & prompt : prompts) {
-        auto inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx, prompt, true);
-        if (inp.size() > n_batch) {
-            inp.resize(n_batch);
-        }
-        inputs.push_back(inp);
-    }
-
-    // tokenization stats
    if (params.verbose_prompt) {
-        for (int i = 0; i < (int) inputs.size(); i++) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: prompt %d: '%s'\n", __func__, i, prompts[i].c_str());
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: number of tokens in prompt = %zu\n", __func__, inputs[i].size());
-            for (int j = 0; j < (int) inputs[i].size(); j++) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "%6d -> '%s'\n", inputs[i][j], llama_token_to_piece(ctx, inputs[i][j]).c_str());
-            }
-            fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: prompt: '%s'\n", __func__, params.prompt.c_str());
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: number of tokens in prompt = %zu\n", __func__, embd_inp.size());
+        for (int i = 0; i < (int) embd_inp.size(); i++) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%6d -> '%s'\n", embd_inp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx, embd_inp[i]).c_str());
        }
+        fprintf(stderr, "\n");
    }

-    // initialize batch
-    const int n_prompts = prompts.size();
-    struct llama_batch batch = llama_batch_init(n_batch, 0, n_prompts);
+    if (embd_inp.size() > (size_t)n_ctx) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: prompt is longer than the context window (%zu tokens, n_ctx = %d)\n",
+                __func__, embd_inp.size(), n_ctx);
+        return 1;
+    }
+
+    while (!embd_inp.empty()) {
+        int n_tokens = std::min(params.n_batch, (int) embd_inp.size());
+        if (llama_decode(ctx, llama_batch_get_one(embd_inp.data(), n_tokens, n_past, 0))) {
+            fprintf(stderr, "%s : failed to eval\n", __func__);
+            return 1;
+        }
+        n_past += n_tokens;
+        embd_inp.erase(embd_inp.begin(), embd_inp.begin() + n_tokens);
+    }

-    // allocate output
    const int n_embd = llama_n_embd(model);
-    std::vector<float> embeddings(n_prompts * n_embd, 0);
-    float * emb = embeddings.data();
+    const auto * embeddings = llama_get_embeddings(ctx);

-    // break into batches
-    int p = 0; // number of prompts processed already
-    int s = 0; // number of prompts in current batch
-    for (int k = 0; k < n_prompts; k++) {
-        // clamp to n_batch tokens
-        auto & inp = inputs[k];
-        const uint64_t n_toks = inp.size();
-
-        // encode if at capacity
-        if (batch.n_tokens + n_toks > n_batch) {
-            float * out = emb + p * n_embd;
-            batch_decode(ctx, batch, out, s, n_embd);
-            llama_batch_clear(batch);
-            p += s;
-            s = 0;
-        }
-
-        // add to batch
-        batch_add_seq(batch, inp, s);
-        s += 1;
+    for (int i = 0; i < n_embd; i++) {
+        printf("%f ", embeddings[i]);
    }
+    printf("\n");

-    // final batch
-    float * out = emb + p * n_embd;
-    batch_decode(ctx, batch, out, s, n_embd);
-
-    // print first 3 embeddings
-    for (int j = 0; j < std::min(3, n_prompts); j++) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "embedding %d: ", j);
-        for (int i = 0; i < n_embd; i++) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%f ", emb[j * n_embd + i]);
-        }
-        fprintf(stderr, "\n\n");
-    }
-    fprintf(stderr, "\n");
-
-    // clean up
    llama_print_timings(ctx);
    llama_free(ctx);
    llama_free_model(model);
+
    llama_backend_free();

    return 0;
--- a/examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp
+++ b/examples/export-lora/export-lora.cpp
@@ -337,14 +337,24 @@ static bool apply_lora(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, struct lora_data * lora, int
    params.mem_buffer = NULL;
    params.no_alloc   = true;
    struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
-    struct ggml_gallocr * alloc = NULL;
-    struct ggml_cgraph  * gf = NULL;
+    struct ggml_allocr * alloc = NULL;
+    struct ggml_cgraph * gf = NULL;

    ctx   = ggml_init(params);
-    alloc = ggml_gallocr_new(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+    alloc = ggml_allocr_new_measure(tensor_alignment);
    gf    = build_graph_lora(ctx, tensor, lora_a, lora_b, scaling);
+    size_t alloc_size = ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(alloc, gf);
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
+    ggml_free(ctx);

-    ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph(alloc, gf);
+    static std::vector<uint8_t> data_compute;
+    data_compute.resize(alloc_size + tensor_alignment);
+
+    ctx   = ggml_init(params);
+    alloc = ggml_allocr_new(data_compute.data(), data_compute.size(), tensor_alignment);
+    gf    = build_graph_lora(ctx, tensor, lora_a, lora_b, scaling);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(alloc, gf);
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);

    struct ggml_cplan cplan = ggml_graph_plan(gf, n_threads);
    static std::vector<uint8_t> data_work;
@@ -353,7 +363,6 @@ static bool apply_lora(struct ggml_tensor * tensor, struct lora_data * lora, int

    ggml_graph_compute(gf, &cplan);

-    ggml_gallocr_free(alloc);
    ggml_free(ctx);
    return true;
 }
--- a/examples/finetune/README.md
+++ b/examples/finetune/README.md
@@ -80,9 +80,9 @@ The LORA rank can be configured for each model tensor type separately with these
  --rank-wk N                LORA rank for wk tensor (default 4)
  --rank-wv N                LORA rank for wv tensor (default 4)
  --rank-wo N                LORA rank for wo tensor (default 4)
-  --rank-ffn_gate N          LORA rank for ffn_gate tensor (default 4)
-  --rank-ffn_down N          LORA rank for ffn_down tensor (default 4)
-  --rank-ffn_up N            LORA rank for ffn_up tensor (default 4)
+  --rank-w1 N                LORA rank for w1 tensor (default 4)
+  --rank-w2 N                LORA rank for w2 tensor (default 4)
+  --rank-w3 N                LORA rank for w3 tensor (default 4)
 ```

 The LORA rank of 'norm' tensors should always be 1.
--- a/examples/finetune/finetune.cpp
+++ b/examples/finetune/finetune.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-alloc.h"
-#include "ggml-backend.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "train.h"
@@ -14,6 +13,8 @@
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
 #endif

+static const size_t tensor_alignment = 32;
+
 struct my_llama_hparams {
    uint32_t n_vocab    = 32000;
    uint32_t n_ctx      = 512;
@@ -60,9 +61,9 @@ struct my_llama_layer {
    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_norm;

    // ff
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate; // w1
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down; // w2
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up;   // w3
+    struct ggml_tensor * w1;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w2;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w3;
 };

 struct my_llama_model {
@@ -85,9 +86,9 @@ struct my_llama_lora_hparams {
    uint32_t n_rank_wv = 4;
    uint32_t n_rank_wo = 4;
    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_norm = 1;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_gate = 4;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_down = 4;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_up = 4;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w1 = 4;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w2 = 4;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w3 = 4;
    uint32_t n_rank_tok_embeddings = 4;
    uint32_t n_rank_norm = 1;
    uint32_t n_rank_output = 4;
@@ -117,17 +118,17 @@ struct my_llama_lora_layer {
    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_norm_b;

    // ff
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_a;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_a;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down_b;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_a;
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up_b;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w1_a;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w1_b;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w2_a;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w2_b;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w3_a;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w3_b;
 };

 struct my_llama_lora {
    struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t data;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data;

    my_llama_lora_hparams hparams;

@@ -208,9 +209,9 @@ static void print_lora_params(struct my_llama_lora_hparams * params) {
    printf("%s: n_rank_wv             : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_wv);
    printf("%s: n_rank_wo             : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_wo);
    printf("%s: n_rank_ffn_norm       : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_ffn_norm);
-    printf("%s: n_rank_ffn_gate       : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_ffn_gate);
-    printf("%s: n_rank_ffn_down       : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_ffn_down);
-    printf("%s: n_rank_ffn_up         : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_ffn_up);
+    printf("%s: n_rank_w1             : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_w1);
+    printf("%s: n_rank_w2             : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_w2);
+    printf("%s: n_rank_w3             : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_w3);
    printf("%s: n_rank_tok_embeddings : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_tok_embeddings);
    printf("%s: n_rank_norm           : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_norm);
    printf("%s: n_rank_output         : %u\n", __func__, params->n_rank_output);
@@ -319,9 +320,9 @@ static void init_model(struct llama_model * input, struct my_llama_model * model
        layer.wv             = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, i));
        layer.wo             = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, i));
        layer.ffn_norm       = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, i));
-        layer.ffn_gate       = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, i));
-        layer.ffn_down       = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, i));
-        layer.ffn_up         = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, i));
+        layer.w1             = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, i));
+        layer.w2             = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, i));
+        layer.w3             = llama_get_model_tensor(input, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, i));

        assert_shape_1d(layer.attention_norm, hparams.n_embd);
        assert_shape_2d(layer.wq,             hparams.n_embd, hparams.n_embd);
@@ -329,9 +330,9 @@ static void init_model(struct llama_model * input, struct my_llama_model * model
        assert_shape_2d(layer.wv,             hparams.n_embd, hparams.n_embd_gqa());
        assert_shape_2d(layer.wo,             hparams.n_embd, hparams.n_embd);
        assert_shape_1d(layer.ffn_norm,       hparams.n_embd);
-        assert_shape_2d(layer.ffn_gate,       hparams.n_embd, hparams.n_ff);
-        assert_shape_2d(layer.ffn_down,       hparams.n_ff,   hparams.n_embd);
-        assert_shape_2d(layer.ffn_up,         hparams.n_embd, hparams.n_ff);
+        assert_shape_2d(layer.w1,             hparams.n_embd, hparams.n_ff);
+        assert_shape_2d(layer.w2,             hparams.n_ff,   hparams.n_embd);
+        assert_shape_2d(layer.w3,             hparams.n_embd, hparams.n_ff);
    }
 }

@@ -362,12 +363,69 @@ static void set_param_lora(struct my_llama_lora * lora) {
        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wo_b);
        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_norm_a);
        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_norm_b);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_gate_a);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_gate_b);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_down_a);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_down_b);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_up_a);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_up_b);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w1_a);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w1_b);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w2_a);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w2_b);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w3_a);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w3_b);
+    }
+}
+
+static void alloc_lora(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct my_llama_lora * lora) {
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->tok_embeddings_a);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->tok_embeddings_b);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->norm_a);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->norm_b);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->output_a);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->output_b);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < lora->layers.size(); ++i) {
+        auto & layer = lora->layers[i];
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.attention_norm_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.attention_norm_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wq_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wq_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wk_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wk_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wv_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wv_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wo_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wo_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.ffn_norm_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.ffn_norm_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w1_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w1_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w2_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w2_b);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w3_a);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w3_b);
+    }
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->tok_embeddings_a->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->tok_embeddings_b->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->norm_a->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->norm_b->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->output_a->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, lora->output_b->grad);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < lora->layers.size(); ++i) {
+        auto & layer = lora->layers[i];
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.attention_norm_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.attention_norm_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wq_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wq_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wk_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wk_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wv_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wv_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wo_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wo_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.ffn_norm_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.ffn_norm_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w1_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w1_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w2_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w2_b->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w3_a->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w3_b->grad);
    }
 }

@@ -435,12 +493,12 @@ static void init_lora(const struct my_llama_model * model, struct my_llama_lora
        layer.ffn_norm_a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_norm, n_embd);
        layer.ffn_norm_b = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_norm, 1);

-        layer.ffn_gate_a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_gate, n_embd);
-        layer.ffn_gate_b = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_gate, n_ff);
-        layer.ffn_down_a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_down, n_ff);
-        layer.ffn_down_b = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_down, n_embd);
-        layer.ffn_up_a   = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_up,   n_embd);
-        layer.ffn_up_b   = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_ffn_up,   n_ff);
+        layer.w1_a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_w1, n_embd);
+        layer.w1_b = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_w1, n_ff);
+        layer.w2_a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_w2, n_ff);
+        layer.w2_b = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_w2, n_embd);
+        layer.w3_a = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_w3, n_embd);
+        layer.w3_b = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, lparams.n_rank_w3, n_ff);

        ggml_set_name(layer.attention_norm_a, tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, ".weight.lora_a", i));
        ggml_set_name(layer.attention_norm_b, tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, ".weight.lora_b", i));
@@ -454,18 +512,28 @@ static void init_lora(const struct my_llama_model * model, struct my_llama_lora
        ggml_set_name(layer.wo_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,  ".weight.lora_b", i));
        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_norm_a,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,  ".weight.lora_a", i));
        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_norm_b,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,  ".weight.lora_b", i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_gate_a,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  ".weight.lora_a", i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_gate_b,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  ".weight.lora_b", i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_down_a,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  ".weight.lora_a", i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_down_b,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  ".weight.lora_b", i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_up_a,         tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    ".weight.lora_a", i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_up_b,         tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    ".weight.lora_b", i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w1_a,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  ".weight.lora_a", i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w1_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  ".weight.lora_b", i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w2_a,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  ".weight.lora_a", i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w2_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  ".weight.lora_b", i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w3_a,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    ".weight.lora_a", i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w3_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    ".weight.lora_b", i));
    }

    set_param_lora(lora);

-    // allocate data for lora tensors
-    lora->data = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx, ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+    // measure data size
+    size_t size = 0;
+    for (struct ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != NULL; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
+        size += GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(t), tensor_alignment);
+    }
+
+    // allocate data
+    struct ggml_allocr * alloc = NULL;
+    lora->data.resize(size + tensor_alignment);
+    alloc = ggml_allocr_new(lora->data.data(), lora->data.size(), tensor_alignment);
+    alloc_lora(alloc, lora);
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
 }

 static void randomize_lora(struct my_llama_lora * lora, int seed, float mean, float std, float min, float max) {
@@ -497,12 +565,12 @@ static void randomize_lora(struct my_llama_lora * lora, int seed, float mean, fl
        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_norm_a, rnd);
        ggml_set_zero(layer.ffn_norm_b);

-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_gate_a, rnd);
-        ggml_set_zero(layer.ffn_gate_b);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_down_a, rnd);
-        ggml_set_zero(layer.ffn_down_b);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_up_a, rnd);
-        ggml_set_zero(layer.ffn_up_b);
+        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w1_a, rnd);
+        ggml_set_zero(layer.w1_b);
+        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w2_a, rnd);
+        ggml_set_zero(layer.w2_b);
+        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w3_a, rnd);
+        ggml_set_zero(layer.w3_b);
    }

    free_random_normal_distribution(rnd);
@@ -511,7 +579,7 @@ static void randomize_lora(struct my_llama_lora * lora, int seed, float mean, fl
 static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_lora_finetune_graphs(
        struct my_llama_model * model,
        struct my_llama_lora  * lora,
-        ggml_gallocr_t          alloc,
+        struct ggml_allocr    * alloc,
        struct ggml_context   * ctx,
        struct ggml_cgraph    * gf,
        struct ggml_cgraph    * gb,
@@ -522,8 +590,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_lora_finetune_graphs(
        const  int              n_tokens,
        const  int              n_batch,
        const  bool             enable_flash_attn,
-        const  bool             enable_checkpointing,
-        const  bool             measure_only) {
+        const  bool             enable_checkpointing) {

    ggml_set_scratch(ctx, { 0, 0, nullptr, });
    const int n_past = 0;
@@ -555,7 +622,13 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_lora_finetune_graphs(

    // KQ_pos - contains the positions
    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
-    ggml_set_input(KQ_pos);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, KQ_pos);
+    if (!ggml_allocr_is_measure(alloc)) {
+        int * data = (int *) KQ_pos->data;
+        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            data[i] = n_past + i;
+        }
+    }

    // rope has so much parameters that we make a custom function for it
    auto rope = [ctx, KQ_pos, n_rot, n_ctx, rope_freq_base, rope_freq_scale]
@@ -610,13 +683,13 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_lora_finetune_graphs(

        struct ggml_tensor * attention_norm = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.attention_norm, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.attention_norm_a, llayer.attention_norm_b));
        struct ggml_tensor * ffn_norm = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.ffn_norm, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.ffn_norm_a, llayer.ffn_norm_b));
-        struct ggml_tensor * wq       = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wq, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wq_a, llayer.wq_b));
-        struct ggml_tensor * wk       = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wk, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wk_a, llayer.wk_b));
-        struct ggml_tensor * wv       = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wv, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wv_a, llayer.wv_b));
-        struct ggml_tensor * wo       = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wo, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wo_a, llayer.wo_b));
-        struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.ffn_gate, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.ffn_gate_a, llayer.ffn_gate_b));
-        struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.ffn_down, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.ffn_down_a, llayer.ffn_down_b));
-        struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up   = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.ffn_up, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.ffn_up_a, llayer.ffn_up_b));
+        struct ggml_tensor * wq = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wq, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wq_a, llayer.wq_b));
+        struct ggml_tensor * wk = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wk, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wk_a, llayer.wk_b));
+        struct ggml_tensor * wv = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wv, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wv_a, llayer.wv_b));
+        struct ggml_tensor * wo = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.wo, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.wo_a, llayer.wo_b));
+        struct ggml_tensor * w1 = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.w1, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.w1_a, llayer.w1_b));
+        struct ggml_tensor * w2 = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.w2, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.w2_a, llayer.w2_b));
+        struct ggml_tensor * w3 = add_to_f32(ctx, layer.w3, ggml_mul_mat(ctx, llayer.w3_a, llayer.w3_b));

        struct ggml_tensor * t02 = ggml_rms_norm     (ctx, cur, rms_norm_eps);                       set_name(t02, "t02");     assert_shape_2d(t02, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t03 = ggml_repeat       (ctx, attention_norm, t02);                     set_name(t03, "t03");     assert_shape_2d(t03, n_embd, N*n_batch);
@@ -659,11 +732,11 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_lora_finetune_graphs(
        struct ggml_tensor * t22 = ggml_rms_norm     (ctx, t21, rms_norm_eps);                       set_name(t22, "t22");     assert_shape_2d(t22, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t23 = ggml_repeat       (ctx, ffn_norm, t22);                           set_name(t23, "t23");     assert_shape_2d(t23, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t24 = ggml_mul          (ctx, t23, t22);                                set_name(t24, "t24");     assert_shape_2d(t24, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * t25 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, ffn_up, t24);                             set_name(t25, "t25");     assert_shape_2d(t25, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * t26 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, ffn_gate, t24);                           set_name(t26, "t26");     assert_shape_2d(t26, n_ff, N*n_batch);
+        struct ggml_tensor * t25 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, w3, t24);                                 set_name(t25, "t25");     assert_shape_2d(t25, n_ff, N*n_batch);
+        struct ggml_tensor * t26 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, w1, t24);                                 set_name(t26, "t26");     assert_shape_2d(t26, n_ff, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t27 = ggml_silu         (ctx, t26);                                     set_name(t27, "t27");     assert_shape_2d(t27, n_ff, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t28 = ggml_mul          (ctx, t27, t25);                                set_name(t28, "t28");     assert_shape_2d(t28, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * t29 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, ffn_down, t28);                           set_name(t29, "t29");     assert_shape_2d(t29, n_embd, N*n_batch);
+        struct ggml_tensor * t29 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, w2, t28);                                 set_name(t29, "t29");     assert_shape_2d(t29, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t30 = ggml_add          (ctx, t29, t21);                                set_name(t30, "t30");     assert_shape_2d(t30, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        cur = t30;
        if (enable_checkpointing) {
@@ -707,7 +780,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_lora_finetune_graphs(
    // input gradient
    ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, t36->grad, 1.0f));
    GGML_ASSERT(t36->grad->data == NULL && t36->grad->view_src == NULL);
-    ggml_set_input(t36->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, t36->grad);
    // KQ_pos
    ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, KQ_pos, 1.0f));

@@ -723,32 +796,20 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_lora_finetune_graphs(
        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.wk, 1.0f));
        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.wv, 1.0f));
        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.wo, 1.0f));
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.ffn_gate, 1.0f));
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.ffn_down, 1.0f));
-        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.ffn_up, 1.0f));
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.w1, 1.0f));
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.w2, 1.0f));
+        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, layer.w3, 1.0f));
    }

    // allocating checkpoints in one block to reduce memory fragmentation
    // note: they will be freed in reverse order
    for (unsigned int i = 0; i < checkpoints.size(); ++i) {
        if (checkpoints[i]->data == NULL && checkpoints[i]->view_src == NULL) {
-            ggml_set_input(checkpoints[i]);
+            ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, checkpoints[i]);
        }
    }

-    if (measure_only) {
-        ggml_gallocr_reserve(alloc, gb);
-    } else {
-        ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph(alloc, gb);
-
-        // set KQ_pos
-        {
-            int * data = (int *) KQ_pos->data;
-            for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-                data[i] = n_past + i;
-            }
-        }
-    }
+    ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(alloc, gb);

    // remove the additional nodes and leafs
    for (int i = n_leafs_before; i < gb->n_leafs; ++i) {
@@ -798,9 +859,9 @@ static void load_llama_lora_gguf(struct gguf_context * fctx, struct ggml_context
    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_wv,             gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_ATTN_V);
    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_wo,             gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_ATTN_OUT);
    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_norm,       gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_NORM);
-    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_gate,       gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_GATE);
-    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_down,       gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_DOWN);
-    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_up,         gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_UP);
+    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_w1,             gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_GATE);
+    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_w2,             gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_DOWN);
+    GGUF_GET_KEY(fctx, lora->hparams.n_rank_w3,             gguf_get_val_u32, GGUF_TYPE_UINT32, true, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_UP);

    init_lora(model, lora);

@@ -825,12 +886,12 @@ static void load_llama_lora_gguf(struct gguf_context * fctx, struct ggml_context
        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.wo_b,             f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.wo_b));
        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_norm_a,       f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_norm_a));
        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_norm_b,       f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_norm_b));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_gate_a,       f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_gate_a));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_gate_b,       f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_gate_b));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_down_a,       f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_down_a));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_down_b,       f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_down_b));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_up_a,         f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_up_a));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_up_b,         f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.ffn_up_b));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w1_a,             f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.w1_a));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w1_b,             f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.w1_b));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w2_a,             f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.w2_a));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w2_b,             f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.w2_b));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w3_a,             f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.w3_a));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w3_b,             f_ggml_ctx, ggml_get_name(layer.w3_b));
    }
 }

@@ -868,9 +929,9 @@ static void save_llama_lora_gguf(struct gguf_context * fctx, struct my_llama_mod
    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_ATTN_V,       lora->hparams.n_rank_wv);
    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_ATTN_OUT,     lora->hparams.n_rank_wo);
    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_NORM,     lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_norm);
-    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_GATE,     lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_gate);
-    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_DOWN,     lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_down);
-    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_UP,       lora->hparams.n_rank_ffn_up);
+    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_GATE,     lora->hparams.n_rank_w1);
+    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_DOWN,     lora->hparams.n_rank_w2);
+    gguf_set_val_u32(fctx, LLM_KV_TRAINING_LORA_RANK_FFN_UP,       lora->hparams.n_rank_w3);

    gguf_add_tensor(fctx, lora->tok_embeddings_a);
    gguf_add_tensor(fctx, lora->tok_embeddings_b);
@@ -894,12 +955,12 @@ static void save_llama_lora_gguf(struct gguf_context * fctx, struct my_llama_mod
        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.wo_b);
        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_norm_a);
        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_norm_b);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_gate_a);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_gate_b);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_down_a);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_down_b);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_up_a);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_up_b);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w1_a);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w1_b);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w2_a);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w2_b);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w3_a);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w3_b);
    }
 }

@@ -1104,12 +1165,12 @@ static void save_as_llama_lora(const char * filename, struct my_llama_lora * lor
        write_tensor(&file, layer.wo_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT,  i, ".weight.loraB"));
        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_norm_a,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,  i, ".weight.loraA"));
        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_norm_b,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM,  i, ".weight.loraB"));
-        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_gate_a,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  i, ".weight.loraA"));
-        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_gate_b,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  i, ".weight.loraB"));
-        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_down_a,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  i, ".weight.loraA"));
-        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_down_b,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  i, ".weight.loraB"));
-        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_up_a,         tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    i, ".weight.loraA"));
-        write_tensor(&file, layer.ffn_up_b,         tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    i, ".weight.loraB"));
+        write_tensor(&file, layer.w1_a,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  i, ".weight.loraA"));
+        write_tensor(&file, layer.w1_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE,  i, ".weight.loraB"));
+        write_tensor(&file, layer.w2_a,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  i, ".weight.loraA"));
+        write_tensor(&file, layer.w2_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN,  i, ".weight.loraB"));
+        write_tensor(&file, layer.w3_a,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    i, ".weight.loraA"));
+        write_tensor(&file, layer.w3_b,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP,    i, ".weight.loraB"));
    }
 }

@@ -1139,9 +1200,9 @@ struct train_params {
    uint32_t n_rank_wv;
    uint32_t n_rank_wo;
    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_norm;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_gate;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_down;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_up;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w1;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w2;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w3;
    uint32_t n_rank_tok_embeddings;
    uint32_t n_rank_norm;
    uint32_t n_rank_output;
@@ -1152,9 +1213,9 @@ struct train_params {
    bool custom_n_rank_wv;
    bool custom_n_rank_wo;
    bool custom_n_rank_ffn_norm;
-    bool custom_n_rank_ffn_gate;
-    bool custom_n_rank_ffn_down;
-    bool custom_n_rank_ffn_up;
+    bool custom_n_rank_w1;
+    bool custom_n_rank_w2;
+    bool custom_n_rank_w3;
    bool custom_n_rank_tok_embeddings;
    bool custom_n_rank_norm;
    bool custom_n_rank_output;
@@ -1186,9 +1247,9 @@ static struct train_params get_default_train_params() {
    params.n_rank_wv             = 4;
    params.n_rank_wo             = 4;
    params.n_rank_ffn_norm       = 1;
-    params.n_rank_ffn_gate       = 4;
-    params.n_rank_ffn_down       = 4;
-    params.n_rank_ffn_up         = 4;
+    params.n_rank_w1             = 4;
+    params.n_rank_w2             = 4;
+    params.n_rank_w3             = 4;
    params.n_rank_tok_embeddings = 4;
    params.n_rank_norm           = 1;
    params.n_rank_output         = 4;
@@ -1199,9 +1260,9 @@ static struct train_params get_default_train_params() {
    params.custom_n_rank_wv             = false;
    params.custom_n_rank_wo             = false;
    params.custom_n_rank_ffn_norm       = false;
-    params.custom_n_rank_ffn_gate       = false;
-    params.custom_n_rank_ffn_down       = false;
-    params.custom_n_rank_ffn_up         = false;
+    params.custom_n_rank_w1             = false;
+    params.custom_n_rank_w2             = false;
+    params.custom_n_rank_w3             = false;
    params.custom_n_rank_tok_embeddings = false;
    params.custom_n_rank_norm           = false;
    params.custom_n_rank_output         = false;
@@ -1232,9 +1293,9 @@ static void train_print_usage(int argc, char ** argv, const struct train_params
    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-wk N                LORA rank for wk tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-wv N                LORA rank for wv tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-wo N                LORA rank for wo tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-ffn_gate N          LORA rank for ffn_gate tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-ffn_down N          LORA rank for ffn_down tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
-    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-ffn_up N            LORA rank for ffn_up tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-w1 N                LORA rank for w1 tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-w2 N                LORA rank for w2 tensor, overrides default rank.\n");
+    fprintf(stderr, "  --rank-w3 N                LORA rank for w3 tensor, overrides default rank.\n");

    print_common_train_usage(argc, argv, &params->common);
 }
@@ -1369,27 +1430,27 @@ static bool train_params_parse(int argc, char ** argv, struct train_params * par
            }
            params->n_rank_wo = std::stoi(argv[i]);
            params->custom_n_rank_wo = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--rank-ffn_gate") {
+        } else if (arg == "--rank-w1") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params->n_rank_ffn_gate = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-            params->custom_n_rank_ffn_gate = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--rank-ffn_down") {
+            params->n_rank_w1 = std::stoi(argv[i]);
+            params->custom_n_rank_w1 = true;
+        } else if (arg == "--rank-w2") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params->n_rank_ffn_down = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-            params->custom_n_rank_ffn_down = true;
-        } else if (arg == "--rank-ffn_up") {
+            params->n_rank_w2 = std::stoi(argv[i]);
+            params->custom_n_rank_w2 = true;
+        } else if (arg == "--rank-w3") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params->n_rank_ffn_up = std::stoi(argv[i]);
-            params->custom_n_rank_ffn_up = true;
+            params->n_rank_w3 = std::stoi(argv[i]);
+            params->custom_n_rank_w3 = true;
        } else {
            fprintf(stderr, "error: unknown argument: %s\n", arg.c_str());
            train_print_usage(argc, argv, &default_params);
@@ -1452,12 +1513,12 @@ static int64_t get_parameter_count(struct my_llama_lora* lora) {
        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.wo_b);
        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_norm_a);
        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_norm_b);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_gate_a);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_gate_b);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_down_a);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_down_b);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_up_a);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_up_b);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w1_a);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w1_b);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w2_a);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w2_b);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w3_a);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w3_b);
    }
    return nx;
 }
@@ -1511,9 +1572,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    uint32_t n_rank_wv                 = params.custom_n_rank_wv             ? params.n_rank_wv             : params.lora_r;
    uint32_t n_rank_wo                 = params.custom_n_rank_wo             ? params.n_rank_wo             : params.lora_r;
    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_norm           = params.custom_n_rank_ffn_norm       ? params.n_rank_ffn_norm       : 1;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_gate           = params.custom_n_rank_ffn_gate       ? params.n_rank_ffn_gate       : params.lora_r;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_down           = params.custom_n_rank_ffn_down       ? params.n_rank_ffn_down       : params.lora_r;
-    uint32_t n_rank_ffn_up             = params.custom_n_rank_ffn_up         ? params.n_rank_ffn_up         : params.lora_r;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w1                 = params.custom_n_rank_w1             ? params.n_rank_w1             : params.lora_r;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w2                 = params.custom_n_rank_w2             ? params.n_rank_w2             : params.lora_r;
+    uint32_t n_rank_w3                 = params.custom_n_rank_w3             ? params.n_rank_w3             : params.lora_r;
    uint32_t n_rank_tok_embeddings     = params.custom_n_rank_tok_embeddings ? params.n_rank_tok_embeddings : params.lora_r;
    uint32_t n_rank_norm               = params.custom_n_rank_norm           ? params.n_rank_norm           : 1;
    uint32_t n_rank_output             = params.custom_n_rank_output         ? params.n_rank_output         : params.lora_r;
@@ -1523,9 +1584,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    lora.hparams.n_rank_wv             = n_rank_wv;
    lora.hparams.n_rank_wo             = n_rank_wo;
    lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_norm       = n_rank_ffn_norm;
-    lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_gate       = n_rank_ffn_gate;
-    lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_down       = n_rank_ffn_down;
-    lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_up         = n_rank_ffn_up;
+    lora.hparams.n_rank_w1             = n_rank_w1;
+    lora.hparams.n_rank_w2             = n_rank_w2;
+    lora.hparams.n_rank_w3             = n_rank_w3;
    lora.hparams.n_rank_tok_embeddings = n_rank_tok_embeddings;
    lora.hparams.n_rank_norm           = n_rank_norm;
    lora.hparams.n_rank_output         = n_rank_output;
@@ -1566,9 +1627,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_wv             != n_rank_wv)
        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_wo             != n_rank_wo)
        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_norm       != n_rank_ffn_norm)
-        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_gate       != n_rank_ffn_gate)
-        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_down       != n_rank_ffn_down)
-        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_ffn_up         != n_rank_ffn_up)
+        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_w1             != n_rank_w1)
+        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_w2             != n_rank_w2)
+        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_w3             != n_rank_w3)
        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_tok_embeddings != n_rank_tok_embeddings)
        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_norm           != n_rank_norm)
        || (lora.hparams.n_rank_output         != n_rank_output)
@@ -1602,7 +1663,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    printf("%s: seen train_samples     %llu\n", __func__, (long long unsigned) train->train_samples);
    printf("%s: seen train_tokens      %llu\n", __func__, (long long unsigned) train->train_tokens);
    printf("%s: completed train_epochs %llu\n", __func__, (long long unsigned) train->train_epochs);
-    printf("%s: lora_size = %zu bytes (%.1f MB)\n", __func__, (ggml_used_mem(lora.ctx) + ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(lora.data)), (float) (ggml_used_mem(lora.ctx) + ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(lora.data)) / (1024.0f*1024.0f));
+    printf("%s: lora_size = %zu bytes (%.1f MB)\n", __func__, (ggml_used_mem(lora.ctx) + lora.data.size()), (float) (ggml_used_mem(lora.ctx) + lora.data.size()) / (1024.0f*1024.0f));

    if (params.only_write_lora) {
        save_train_files_data save_data;
@@ -1629,6 +1690,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    int n_vocab  = model.hparams.n_vocab;
    int n_batch  = params.common.n_batch;

+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mem_input_data;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mem_compute_data;
+
    // context for input tensors without their data
    struct ggml_init_params ctx_input_params = {
        ggml_tensor_overhead() * 2, // mem_size
@@ -1641,12 +1706,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    struct ggml_tensor * tokens_input  = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx_input, GGML_TYPE_I32, n_tokens, n_batch);
    struct ggml_tensor * target_probs  = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx_input, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_vocab,  n_tokens, n_batch);

-    // allocate input tensors
    // measure required memory for input tensors
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t input_data = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx_input, ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
-    size_t max_input_size = ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(input_data);
+    size_t max_input_size = GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(tokens_input), tensor_alignment) +
+                            GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(target_probs), tensor_alignment) +
+                            tensor_alignment;
    printf("%s: input_size = %zu bytes (%.1f MB)\n", __func__, max_input_size, (float) max_input_size / (1024.0f*1024.0f));

+    // allocate input tensors
+    mem_input_data.resize(max_input_size);
+    ggml_allocr_t alloc_inps = ggml_allocr_new(mem_input_data.data(), mem_input_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc_inps, tokens_input);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc_inps, target_probs);
+
    // context for compute tensors without their data
    const size_t estimated_compute_size_wo_data = (
            2*LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES*ggml_tensor_overhead() +
@@ -1672,7 +1743,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    // find best evaluation order
    for (unsigned order = 0; order < (unsigned) GGML_CGRAPH_EVAL_ORDER_COUNT; ++order) {
        ctx_compute = ggml_init(ctx_compute_params);
-        ggml_gallocr_t alloc = ggml_gallocr_new(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+        ggml_allocr_t alloc = ggml_allocr_new_measure(tensor_alignment);
        gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
        gf->order = (enum ggml_cgraph_eval_order) order;
        gb = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
@@ -1685,15 +1756,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
            &logits, tokens_input, target_probs,
            n_tokens, n_batch,
            params.common.use_flash,
-            params.common.use_checkpointing,
-            true
+            params.common.use_checkpointing
        );
-        size_t max_compute_size = ggml_gallocr_get_buffer_size(alloc, 0); // FIXME: this will still allocate the buffer
+        size_t max_compute_size = ggml_allocr_max_size(alloc) + tensor_alignment;
        if (max_compute_size < best_compute_size) {
            best_compute_size = max_compute_size;
            best_order = gf->order;
        }
-        ggml_gallocr_free(alloc);
+        ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
        ggml_free(ctx_compute);
    }
    size_t max_compute_size = best_compute_size;
@@ -1704,8 +1774,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        "invalid");

    // allocate compute tensors
+    mem_compute_data.resize(max_compute_size);
    ctx_compute = ggml_init(ctx_compute_params);
-    ggml_gallocr_t alloc = ggml_gallocr_new(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+    ggml_allocr_t alloc = ggml_allocr_new(mem_compute_data.data(), mem_compute_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
    gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
    gf->order = best_order;
    gb = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
@@ -1718,17 +1789,17 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        &logits, tokens_input, target_probs,
        n_tokens, n_batch,
        params.common.use_flash,
-        params.common.use_checkpointing,
-        false
+        params.common.use_checkpointing
    );
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc_inps);
+

    // tokenize data
    std::vector<llama_token> train_tokens;
    std::vector<size_t> train_samples_begin;
    std::vector<size_t> train_samples_size;
    printf("%s: tokenize training data from %s\n", __func__, params.common.fn_train_data);
-    printf("%s: sample-start: %s\n", __func__, params.common.sample_start.c_str());
-    printf("%s: include-sample-start: %s\n", __func__, params.common.include_sample_start ? "true" : "false");
    tokenize_file(lctx,
            params.common.fn_train_data,
            params.common.sample_start,
@@ -1835,8 +1906,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    ggml_free(ctx_work);
    ggml_free(ctx_compute);
    ggml_free(ctx_input);
-    ggml_gallocr_free(alloc);
-

    int64_t t1 = ggml_time_ms();
    printf("%s: total training time: ", __func__);
--- a/examples/imatrix/README.md
+++ b/examples/imatrix/README.md
@@ -1,32 +0,0 @@
-# llama.cpp/examples/imatrix
-
-Compute an importance matrix for a model and given text dataset. Can be used during quantization to enchance the quality of the quantum models.
-More information is available here: https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/pull/4861
-
-## Usage
-
-```
-./imatrix -m <some_fp_model> -f <some_training_data> [-o <output_file>] [--verbosity <verbosity_level>]
-        [-ofreq num_chunks] [-ow <0 or 1>] [other common params]
-```
-
-Here `-m` with a model name and `-f` with a file containing training data (such as e.g. `wiki.train.raw`) are mandatory.
-The parameters in square brackets are optional and have the following meaning:
-* `-o` (or `--output-file`) specifies the name of the file where the computed data will be stored. If missing `imatrix.dat` is used.
-* `--verbosity` specifies the verbosity level. If set to `0`, no output other than the perplexity of the processed chunks will be generated. If set to `1`, each time the results are saved a message is written to `stderr`. If `>=2`, a message is output each time data is collected for any tensor. Default verbosity level is `1`.
-* `-ofreq` (or `--output-frequency`) specifies how often the so far computed result is saved to disk. Default is 10 (i.e., every 10 chunks)
-* `-ow` (or `--output-weight`) specifies if data will be collected for the `output.weight` tensor. My experience is that it is better to not utilize the importance matrix when quantizing `output.weight`, so this is set to `false` by default.
-
-For faster computation, make sure to use GPU offloading via the `-ngl` argument
-
-## Example
-
-```bash
-LLAMA_CUBLAS=1 make -j
-
-# generate importance matrix (imatrix.dat)
-./imatrix -m ggml-model-f16.gguf -f train-data.txt -ngl 99
-
-# use the imatrix to perform a Q4_K_M quantization
-./quantize --imatrix imatrix.dat ggml-model-f16.gguf ./ggml-model-q4_k_m.gguf q4_k_m
-```
--- a/examples/imatrix/imatrix.cpp
+++ b/examples/imatrix/imatrix.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,6 @@ struct StatParams {
    std::string ofile = "imatrix.dat";
    int         n_output_frequency = 10;
    int         verbosity = 1;
-    int         keep_every = 0;
    bool        collect_output_weight = false;
 };

@@ -34,146 +33,47 @@ class IMatrixCollector {
 public:
    IMatrixCollector() = default;
    void set_parameters(StatParams&& params) { m_params = std::move(params); }
-    bool collect_imatrix(struct ggml_tensor * t, bool ask, void * user_data);
+    void collect_imatrix(const struct ggml_tensor * src0, const struct ggml_tensor * src1);
    void save_imatrix() const;
-    bool load_imatrix(const char * file_name, bool add);
-    static bool load_imatrix(const char * file_name, std::unordered_map<std::string, Stats>& imatrix);
 private:
    std::unordered_map<std::string, Stats> m_stats;
    StatParams                             m_params;
    std::mutex                             m_mutex;
    int                                    m_last_call = 0;
-    std::vector<float>                     m_src1_data;
-    std::vector<int>                       m_ids; // the expert ids from ggml_mul_mat_id
-                                                  //
-    void save_imatrix(const char * file_name) const;
-    void keep_imatrix(int ncall) const;
 };

-bool IMatrixCollector::collect_imatrix(struct ggml_tensor * t, bool ask, void * user_data) {
-    GGML_UNUSED(user_data);
-
-    const struct ggml_tensor * src0 = t->src[0];
-    const struct ggml_tensor * src1 = t->src[1];
-
-    // when ask is true, the scheduler wants to know if we are interested in data from this tensor
-    // if we return true, a follow-up call will be made with ask=false in which we can do the actual collection
-    if (ask) {
-        if (t->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) return true; // collect all indirect matrix multiplications
-        if (t->op != GGML_OP_MUL_MAT) return false;
-        if (src1->ne[1] < 16 || src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) return false;
-        if (!(strncmp(src0->name, "blk.", 4) == 0 || (m_params.collect_output_weight && strcmp(src0->name, "output.weight") == 0))) return false;
-        return true;
-    }
-
+void IMatrixCollector::collect_imatrix(const struct ggml_tensor * src0, const struct ggml_tensor * src1) {
+    if (src1->ne[1] < 16 || src1->type != GGML_TYPE_F32) return;
+    if (!(strncmp(src0->name, "blk.", 4) == 0 || (m_params.collect_output_weight && strcmp(src0->name, "output.weight") == 0))) return;
    std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(m_mutex);
-
-    // copy the data from the GPU memory if needed
-    const bool is_host = ggml_backend_buffer_is_host(src1->buffer);
-
-    if (!is_host) {
-        m_src1_data.resize(ggml_nelements(src1));
-        ggml_backend_tensor_get(src1, m_src1_data.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(src1));
+    auto& e = m_stats[src0->name];
+    if (e.values.empty()) {
+        e.values.resize(src1->ne[0], 0);
    }
-
-    const float * data = is_host ? (const float *) src1->data : m_src1_data.data();
-
-    if (t->op == GGML_OP_MUL_MAT_ID) {
-        const int idx  = ((int32_t *) t->op_params)[0];
-        const int n_as = ((int32_t *) t->op_params)[1];
-
-        // the top-k selected expert ids are stored in the src0 tensor
-        // for simplicity, always copy src0 to host, because it is small
-        // take into account that src0 is not contiguous!
-        GGML_ASSERT(src0->ne[1] == src1->ne[1]);
-        GGML_ASSERT(n_as*ggml_nrows(src0)*sizeof(int) == GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(src0), n_as*sizeof(int)));
-        m_ids.resize(ggml_nbytes(src0)/sizeof(int));
-        ggml_backend_tensor_get(src0, m_ids.data(), 0, ggml_nbytes(src0));
-
-        // loop over all possible experts, regardless if they are used or not in the batch
-        // this is necessary to guarantee equal number of "ncall" for each tensor
-        for (int ex = 0; ex < n_as; ++ex) {
-            src0 = t->src[2 + ex];
-            auto& e = m_stats[src0->name];
-            if (e.values.empty()) {
-                e.values.resize(src1->ne[0], 0);
-            }
-            else if (e.values.size() != (size_t)src1->ne[0]) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Oops: inconsistent size for %s (%d vs %d)\n", src0->name, (int)e.values.size(), (int)src1->ne[0]);
-                exit(1); //GGML_ASSERT(false);
-            }
-            // NOTE: since we select top-k experts, the number of calls for the expert tensors will be k times larger
-            //       using the following line, we can correct for that if needed
-            //if (idx == t->src[0]->ne[0] - 1) ++e.ncall;
-            ++e.ncall;
-            if (m_params.verbosity > 1) {
-                printf("%s[%d]: %32s, %s, %5d x %5d, %d\n", __func__, m_last_call, src0->name, ggml_op_name(t->op), (int)src1->ne[0], (int)src1->ne[1], (int)src1->type);
-            }
-            for (int row = 0; row < (int)src1->ne[1]; ++row) {
-                const int excur = m_ids[row*n_as + idx];
-                GGML_ASSERT(excur >= 0 && excur < n_as); // sanity check
-                if (excur != ex) continue;
-                const float * x = data + row * src1->ne[0];
-                for (int j = 0; j < (int)src1->ne[0]; ++j) {
-                    e.values[j] += x[j]*x[j];
-                }
-            }
-            if (e.ncall > m_last_call) {
-                m_last_call = e.ncall;
-                if (m_last_call % m_params.n_output_frequency == 0) {
-                    save_imatrix();
-                }
-                if (m_params.keep_every > 0 && m_last_call%m_params.keep_every == 0) {
-                    keep_imatrix(m_last_call);
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        auto& e = m_stats[src0->name];
-        if (e.values.empty()) {
-            e.values.resize(src1->ne[0], 0);
-        }
-        else if (e.values.size() != (size_t)src1->ne[0]) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Oops: inconsistent size for %s (%d vs %d)\n", src0->name, (int)e.values.size(), (int)src1->ne[0]);
-            exit(1); //GGML_ASSERT(false);
-        }
-        ++e.ncall;
-        if (m_params.verbosity > 1) {
-            printf("%s[%d]: %32s, %s, %5d x %5d, %d\n", __func__, m_last_call, src0->name, ggml_op_name(t->op), (int)src1->ne[0], (int)src1->ne[1], (int)src1->type);
-        }
-        for (int row = 0; row < (int)src1->ne[1]; ++row) {
-            const float * x = data + row * src1->ne[0];
-            for (int j = 0; j < (int)src1->ne[0]; ++j) {
-                e.values[j] += x[j]*x[j];
-            }
-        }
-        if (e.ncall > m_last_call) {
-            m_last_call = e.ncall;
-            if (m_last_call % m_params.n_output_frequency == 0) {
-                save_imatrix();
-            }
-            if (m_params.keep_every > 0 && m_last_call%m_params.keep_every == 0) {
-                keep_imatrix(m_last_call);
-            }
+    else if (e.values.size() != (size_t)src1->ne[0]) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Oops: inconsistent size for %s (%d vs %d)\n", src0->name, (int)e.values.size(), (int)src1->ne[0]);
+        exit(1); //GGML_ASSERT(false);
+    }
+    ++e.ncall;
+    if (m_params.verbosity > 1) {
+        printf("%s[%d]: %s, %d x %d, %d\n",__func__,m_last_call,src0->name,(int)src1->ne[0],(int)src1->ne[1],(int)src1->type);
+    }
+    for (int row = 0; row < (int)src1->ne[1]; ++row) {
+        const float * x = (const float *)src1->data + row * src1->ne[0];
+        for (int j = 0; j < (int)src1->ne[0]; ++j) {
+            e.values[j] += x[j]*x[j];
+        }
+    }
+    if (e.ncall > m_last_call) {
+        m_last_call = e.ncall;
+        if (m_last_call % m_params.n_output_frequency == 0) {
+            save_imatrix();
        }
    }
-
-    return true;
 }

 void IMatrixCollector::save_imatrix() const {
-    save_imatrix(m_params.ofile.empty() ? "imatrix.dat" : m_params.ofile.c_str());
-}
-
-void IMatrixCollector::keep_imatrix(int ncall) const {
-    auto file_name = m_params.ofile;
-    if (file_name.empty()) file_name = "imatrix.dat";
-    file_name += ".at_";
-    file_name += std::to_string(ncall);
-    save_imatrix(file_name.c_str());
-}
-
-void IMatrixCollector::save_imatrix(const char * fname) const {
+    const char * fname = m_params.ofile.empty() ? "imatrix.dat" : m_params.ofile.c_str();
    std::ofstream out(fname, std::ios::binary);
    int n_entries = m_stats.size();
    out.write((const char*)&n_entries, sizeof(n_entries));
@@ -191,61 +91,10 @@ void IMatrixCollector::save_imatrix(const char * fname) const {
    }
 }

-bool IMatrixCollector::load_imatrix(const char * imatrix_file, std::unordered_map<std::string, Stats>& imatrix_data) {
-    std::ifstream in(imatrix_file, std::ios::binary);
-    if (!in) {
-        printf("%s: failed to open %s\n",__func__,imatrix_file);
-        return false;
-    }
-    int n_entries;
-    in.read((char*)&n_entries, sizeof(n_entries));
-    if (in.fail() || n_entries < 1) {
-        printf("%s: no data in file %s\n", __func__, imatrix_file);
-        return false;
-    }
-    for (int i = 0; i < n_entries; ++i) {
-        int len; in.read((char *)&len, sizeof(len));
-        std::vector<char> name_as_vec(len+1);
-        in.read((char *)name_as_vec.data(), len);
-        if (in.fail()) {
-            printf("%s: failed reading name for entry %d from %s\n",__func__,i+1,imatrix_file);
-            return false;
-        }
-        name_as_vec[len] = 0;
-        std::string name{name_as_vec.data()};
-        auto& e = imatrix_data[std::move(name)];
-        int ncall;
-        in.read((char*)&ncall, sizeof(ncall));
-        int nval;
-        in.read((char *)&nval, sizeof(nval));
-        if (in.fail() || nval < 1) {
-            printf("%s: failed reading number of values for entry %d\n",__func__,i);
-            imatrix_data = {};
-            return false;
-        }
-        e.values.resize(nval);
-        in.read((char*)e.values.data(), nval*sizeof(float));
-        if (in.fail()) {
-            printf("%s: failed reading data for entry %d\n",__func__,i);
-            imatrix_data = {};
-            return false;
-        }
-        e.ncall = ncall;
-    }
-    return true;
-}
-
-bool IMatrixCollector::load_imatrix(const char * file_name, bool add) {
-    if (!add) {
-        m_stats.clear();
-    }
-    return load_imatrix(file_name, m_stats);
-}
-
 static IMatrixCollector g_collector;

-static bool ik_collect_imatrix(struct ggml_tensor * t, bool ask, void * user_data) {
-    return g_collector.collect_imatrix(t, ask, user_data);
+static void ik_collect_imatrix(const struct ggml_tensor * src0, const struct ggml_tensor * src1) {
+    g_collector.collect_imatrix(src0, src1);
 }


@@ -322,7 +171,7 @@ static void process_logits(
    }
 }

-static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, bool compute_ppl, int from_chunk) {
+static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params) {

    const bool add_bos = llama_should_add_bos_token(llama_get_model(ctx));
    const int n_ctx = llama_n_ctx(ctx);
@@ -335,15 +184,6 @@ static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, bool
    auto tim2 = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
    fprintf(stderr, "%s: tokenization took %g ms\n",__func__,1e-3*std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::microseconds>(tim2-tim1).count());

-    if (from_chunk > 0) {
-        if (size_t((from_chunk + 2)*n_ctx) >= tokens.size()) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "%s: there will be not enough tokens left after removing %d chunks\n", __func__, from_chunk);
-            return false;
-        }
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: removing initial %d chunks (%d tokens)\n", __func__, from_chunk, from_chunk*n_ctx);
-        tokens.erase(tokens.begin(), tokens.begin() + from_chunk*n_ctx);
-    }
-
    if (int(tokens.size()) < 2*n_ctx) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: you need at least %d tokens for a context of %d tokens\n",__func__,2*n_ctx,
                n_ctx);
@@ -352,12 +192,10 @@ static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, bool
    }

    std::vector<float> logit_history;
-    std::vector<float> prob_history;
+    logit_history.resize(tokens.size());

-    if (compute_ppl) {
-        logit_history.resize(tokens.size());
-        prob_history.resize(tokens.size());
-    }
+    std::vector<float> prob_history;
+    prob_history.resize(tokens.size());

    const int n_chunk_max = tokens.size() / n_ctx;

@@ -373,17 +211,12 @@ static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, bool

    std::vector<std::thread> workers(std::thread::hardware_concurrency() - 1);

-    const int num_batches = (n_ctx + n_batch - 1) / n_batch;
-
-    std::vector<float> logits;
-    if (compute_ppl && num_batches > 1) {
-        logits.reserve((size_t)n_ctx * n_vocab);
-    }
-
    for (int i = 0; i < n_chunk; ++i) {
        const int start =     i * n_ctx;
        const int end   = start + n_ctx;

+        const int num_batches = (n_ctx + n_batch - 1) / n_batch;
+
        std::vector<float> logits;

        const auto t_start = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
@@ -411,10 +244,8 @@ static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, bool
            // restore the original token in case it was set to BOS
            tokens[batch_start] = token_org;

-            if (compute_ppl && num_batches > 1) {
-                const auto * batch_logits = llama_get_logits(ctx);
-                logits.insert(logits.end(), batch_logits, batch_logits + batch_size * n_vocab);
-            }
+            const auto * batch_logits = llama_get_logits(ctx);
+            logits.insert(logits.end(), batch_logits, batch_logits + batch_size * n_vocab);
        }

        const auto t_end = std::chrono::high_resolution_clock::now();
@@ -430,32 +261,25 @@ static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, bool
            fprintf(stderr, "%.2f minutes\n", total_seconds / 60.0);
        }

-        if (compute_ppl) {
-            const int first = n_ctx/2;
-            const auto all_logits = num_batches > 1 ? logits.data() : llama_get_logits(ctx);
-            process_logits(n_vocab, all_logits + first*n_vocab, tokens.data() + start + first, n_ctx - 1 - first,
-                    workers, nll, nll2, logit_history.data() + start + first, prob_history.data() + start + first);
-            count += n_ctx - first - 1;
+        const int first = n_ctx/2;
+        process_logits(n_vocab, logits.data() + first*n_vocab, tokens.data() + start + first, n_ctx - 1 - first,
+                       workers, nll, nll2, logit_history.data() + start + first, prob_history.data() + start + first);
+        count += n_ctx - first - 1;

-            printf("[%d]%.4lf,", i + 1, std::exp(nll / count));
-            fflush(stdout);
-
-            logits.clear();
-        }
+        printf("[%d]%.4lf,", i + 1, std::exp(nll / count));
+        fflush(stdout);
    }
    printf("\n");

-    if (compute_ppl) {
-        nll2 /= count;
-        nll /= count;
-        const double ppl = exp(nll);
-        nll2 -= nll * nll;
-        if (nll2 > 0) {
-            nll2 = sqrt(nll2/(count-1));
-            printf("Final estimate: PPL = %.4lf +/- %.5lf\n", ppl, nll2*ppl);
-        } else {
-            printf("Unexpected negative standard deviation of log(prob)\n");
-        }
+    nll2 /= count;
+    nll /= count;
+    const double ppl = exp(nll);
+    nll2 -= nll * nll;
+    if (nll2 > 0) {
+        nll2 = sqrt(nll2/(count-1));
+        printf("Final estimate: PPL = %.4lf +/- %.5lf\n", ppl, nll2*ppl);
+    } else {
+        printf("Unexpected negative standard deviation of log(prob)\n");
    }

    return true;
@@ -464,10 +288,6 @@ static bool compute_imatrix(llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, bool
 int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    StatParams sparams;
-    std::string prev_result_file;
-    std::string combine_files;
-    bool compute_ppl = true;
-    int  from_chunk  = 0;
    std::vector<char*> args;
    args.push_back(argv[0]);
    int iarg = 1;
@@ -484,66 +304,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        }
        else if (arg == "--verbosity") {
            sparams.verbosity = std::stoi(argv[++iarg]);
-        } else if (arg == "--no-ppl") {
-            compute_ppl = false;
-        } else if (arg == "--keep-imatrix") {
-            sparams.keep_every = std::stoi(argv[++iarg]);
-        } else if (arg == "--continue-from") {
-            prev_result_file = argv[++iarg];
-        } else if (arg == "--combine") {
-            combine_files = argv[++iarg];
-        }
-        else if (arg == "--from-chunk") {
-            from_chunk = std::stoi(argv[++iarg]);
        } else {
            args.push_back(argv[iarg]);
        }
    }
    if (iarg < argc) {
-        std::string arg{argv[iarg]};
-        if (arg == "--no-ppl") {
-            compute_ppl = false;
-        } else {
-            args.push_back(argv[iarg]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    g_collector.set_parameters(std::move(sparams));
-
-    if (!combine_files.empty()) {
-        std::vector<std::string> files;
-        size_t pos = 0;
-        while (true) {
-            auto new_pos = combine_files.find(',', pos);
-            if (new_pos != std::string::npos) {
-                files.emplace_back(combine_files.substr(pos, new_pos - pos));
-                pos = new_pos + 1;
-            } else {
-                files.emplace_back(combine_files.substr(pos));
-                break;
-            }
-        }
-        if (files.size() < 2) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "You must provide at least two comma separated files to use --combine\n");
-            return 1;
-        }
-        printf("Combining the following %d files\n", int(files.size()));
-        for (auto& file : files) {
-            printf("    %s\n", file.c_str());
-            if (!g_collector.load_imatrix(file.c_str(), true)) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Failed to load %s\n", file.c_str());
-                return 1;
-            }
-        }
-        g_collector.save_imatrix();
-        return 0;
-    }
-
-    if (!prev_result_file.empty()) {
-        if (!g_collector.load_imatrix(prev_result_file.c_str(), false)) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "=============== Failed to load %s\n", prev_result_file.c_str());
-            return 1;
-        }
+        args.push_back(argv[iarg]);
    }

    gpt_params params;
@@ -552,6 +318,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        return 1;
    }

+    g_collector.set_parameters(std::move(sparams));
+
+    ggml_set_imatrix_collection(ik_collect_imatrix);
+
    params.logits_all = true;
    params.n_batch = std::min(params.n_batch, params.n_ctx);

@@ -568,30 +338,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        params.prompt = gpt_random_prompt(rng);
    }

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

-    llama_model_params mparams = llama_model_params_from_gpt_params(params);
+    llama_model * model;
+    llama_context * ctx;

-    llama_model * model = llama_load_model_from_file(params.model.c_str(), mparams);
+    // load the model and apply lora adapter, if any
+    std::tie(model, ctx) = llama_init_from_gpt_params(params);
    if (model == NULL) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: unable to load model\n", __func__);
        return 1;
    }

-    llama_context_params cparams = llama_context_params_from_gpt_params(params);
-
-    // pass the callback to the backend scheduler
-    // it will be executed for each node during the graph computation
-    cparams.cb_eval = ik_collect_imatrix;
-    cparams.cb_eval_user_data = NULL;
-
-    llama_context * ctx = llama_new_context_with_model(model, cparams);
-    if (ctx == NULL) {
-        fprintf(stderr, "%s: error: unable to create context\n", __func__);
-        return 1;
-    }
-
    const int n_ctx_train = llama_n_ctx_train(model);
    if (params.n_ctx > n_ctx_train) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: warning: model was trained on only %d context tokens (%d specified)\n",
@@ -604,7 +362,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s\n", get_system_info(params).c_str());
    }

-    bool OK = compute_imatrix(ctx, params, compute_ppl, from_chunk);
+    bool OK = compute_imatrix(ctx, params);
    if (!OK) {
        return 1;
    }
--- a/examples/infill/infill.cpp
+++ b/examples/infill/infill.cpp
@@ -202,8 +202,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    std::mt19937 rng(params.seed);

    LOG("%s: llama backend init\n", __func__);
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model;
    llama_context * ctx;
@@ -242,7 +241,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    LOG("add_bos: %d\n", add_bos);

    bool suff_rm_leading_spc = params.escape;
-    if (suff_rm_leading_spc && params.input_suffix.find_first_of(' ') == 0 && params.input_suffix.size() > 1) {
+    if (suff_rm_leading_spc && params.input_suffix.find_first_of(" ") == 0 && params.input_suffix.size() > 1) {
        params.input_suffix.erase(0, 1);
        suff_rm_leading_spc = false;
    }
--- a/examples/llama-bench/README.md
+++ b/examples/llama-bench/README.md
@@ -23,23 +23,19 @@ usage: ./llama-bench [options]

 options:
  -h, --help
-  -m, --model <filename>              (default: models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf)
-  -p, --n-prompt <n>                  (default: 512)
-  -n, --n-gen <n>                     (default: 128)
-  -b, --batch-size <n>                (default: 512)
-  -ctk <t>, --cache-type-k <t>        (default: f16)
-  -ctv <t>, --cache-type-v <t>        (default: f16)
-  -t, --threads <n>                   (default: 112)
-  -ngl, --n-gpu-layers <n>            (default: 99)
-  -sm, --split-mode <none|layer|row>  (default: layer)
-  -mg, --main-gpu <i>                 (default: 0)
-  -nkvo, --no-kv-offload <0|1>        (default: 0)
-  -mmp, --mmap <0|1>                  (default: 1)
-  -mmq, --mul-mat-q <0|1>             (default: 1)
-  -ts, --tensor_split <ts0/ts1/..>    (default: 0)
-  -r, --repetitions <n>               (default: 5)
-  -o, --output <csv|json|md|sql>      (default: md)
-  -v, --verbose                       (default: 0)
+  -m, --model <filename>            (default: models/7B/ggml-model-q4_0.gguf)
+  -p, --n-prompt <n>                (default: 512)
+  -n, --n-gen <n>                   (default: 128)
+  -b, --batch-size <n>              (default: 512)
+  --memory-f32 <0|1>                (default: 0)
+  -t, --threads <n>                 (default: 16)
+  -ngl N, --n-gpu-layers <n>        (default: 99)
+  -mg i, --main-gpu <i>             (default: 0)
+  -mmq, --mul-mat-q <0|1>           (default: 1)
+  -ts, --tensor_split <ts0/ts1/..>
+  -r, --repetitions <n>             (default: 5)
+  -o, --output <csv|json|md|sql>    (default: md)
+  -v, --verbose                     (default: 0)

 Multiple values can be given for each parameter by separating them with ',' or by specifying the parameter multiple times.
 ```
@@ -55,10 +51,6 @@ Each test is repeated the number of times given by `-r`, and the results are ave

 For a description of the other options, see the [main example](../main/README.md).

-Note:
-
- When using SYCL backend, there would be hang issue in some cases. Please set `--mmp 0`.
-
 ## Examples

 ### Text generation with different models
--- a/examples/llama-bench/llama-bench.cpp
+++ b/examples/llama-bench/llama-bench.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,6 @@
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "ggml-cuda.h"
-#include "ggml-sycl.h"

 // utils
 static uint64_t get_time_ns() {
@@ -121,22 +120,6 @@ static std::string get_gpu_info() {
            id += "/";
        }
    }
-#endif
-#ifdef GGML_USE_SYCL
-    int device_list[GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES];
-    ggml_sycl_get_gpu_list(device_list, GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES);
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < GGML_SYCL_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
-        if (device_list[i] >0 ){
-            char buf[128];
-            ggml_sycl_get_device_description(i, buf, sizeof(buf));
-            id += buf;
-            id += "/";
-        }
-    }
-    if (id.length() >2 ) {
-        id.pop_back();
-    }
 #endif
    // TODO: other backends
    return id;
@@ -177,8 +160,7 @@ struct cmd_params {
    std::vector<int> main_gpu;
    std::vector<bool> no_kv_offload;
    std::vector<bool> mul_mat_q;
-    std::vector<std::vector<float>> tensor_split;
-    std::vector<bool> use_mmap;
+    std::vector<std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES>> tensor_split;
    int reps;
    bool verbose;
    output_formats output_format;
@@ -197,8 +179,7 @@ static const cmd_params cmd_params_defaults = {
    /* main_gpu      */ {0},
    /* no_kv_offload */ {false},
    /* mul_mat_q     */ {true},
-    /* tensor_split  */ {std::vector<float>(llama_max_devices(), 0.0f)},
-    /* use_mmap      */ {true},
+    /* tensor_split  */ {{}},
    /* reps          */ 5,
    /* verbose       */ false,
    /* output_format */ MARKDOWN
@@ -220,7 +201,6 @@ static void print_usage(int /* argc */, char ** argv) {
    printf("  -sm, --split-mode <none|layer|row>  (default: %s)\n", join(transform_to_str(cmd_params_defaults.split_mode, split_mode_str), ",").c_str());
    printf("  -mg, --main-gpu <i>                 (default: %s)\n", join(cmd_params_defaults.main_gpu, ",").c_str());
    printf("  -nkvo, --no-kv-offload <0|1>        (default: %s)\n", join(cmd_params_defaults.no_kv_offload, ",").c_str());
-    printf("  -mmp, --mmap <0|1>                  (default: %s)\n", join(cmd_params_defaults.use_mmap, ",").c_str());
    printf("  -mmq, --mul-mat-q <0|1>             (default: %s)\n", join(cmd_params_defaults.mul_mat_q, ",").c_str());
    printf("  -ts, --tensor_split <ts0/ts1/..>    (default: 0)\n");
    printf("  -r, --repetitions <n>               (default: %d)\n", cmd_params_defaults.reps);
@@ -390,13 +370,6 @@ static cmd_params parse_cmd_params(int argc, char ** argv) {
            }
            auto p = split<bool>(argv[i], split_delim);
            params.mul_mat_q.insert(params.mul_mat_q.end(), p.begin(), p.end());
-        } else if (arg == "-mmp" || arg == "--mmap") {
-            if (++i >= argc) {
-                invalid_param = true;
-                break;
-            }
-            auto p = split<bool>(argv[i], split_delim);
-            params.use_mmap.insert(params.use_mmap.end(), p.begin(), p.end());
        } else if (arg == "-ts" || arg == "--tensor-split") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -407,10 +380,10 @@ static cmd_params parse_cmd_params(int argc, char ** argv) {
                const std::regex regex{R"([;/]+)"};
                std::sregex_token_iterator it{ts.begin(), ts.end(), regex, -1};
                std::vector<std::string> split_arg{it, {}};
-                GGML_ASSERT(split_arg.size() <= llama_max_devices());
+                GGML_ASSERT(split_arg.size() <= LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES);

-                std::vector<float> tensor_split(llama_max_devices());
-                for (size_t i = 0; i < llama_max_devices(); ++i) {
+                std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES> tensor_split;
+                for (size_t i = 0; i < LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES; ++i) {
                    if (i < split_arg.size()) {
                        tensor_split[i] = std::stof(split_arg[i]);
                    } else {
@@ -468,7 +441,6 @@ static cmd_params parse_cmd_params(int argc, char ** argv) {
    if (params.no_kv_offload.empty()){ params.no_kv_offload = cmd_params_defaults.no_kv_offload; }
    if (params.mul_mat_q.empty())    { params.mul_mat_q = cmd_params_defaults.mul_mat_q; }
    if (params.tensor_split.empty()) { params.tensor_split = cmd_params_defaults.tensor_split; }
-    if (params.use_mmap.empty())     { params.use_mmap = cmd_params_defaults.use_mmap; }
    if (params.n_threads.empty())    { params.n_threads = cmd_params_defaults.n_threads; }

    return params;
@@ -487,8 +459,7 @@ struct cmd_params_instance {
    int main_gpu;
    bool no_kv_offload;
    bool mul_mat_q;
-    std::vector<float> tensor_split;
-    bool use_mmap;
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES> tensor_split;

    llama_model_params to_llama_mparams() const {
        llama_model_params mparams = llama_model_default_params();
@@ -497,7 +468,6 @@ struct cmd_params_instance {
        mparams.split_mode = split_mode;
        mparams.main_gpu = main_gpu;
        mparams.tensor_split = tensor_split.data();
-        mparams.use_mmap = use_mmap;

        return mparams;
    }
@@ -507,7 +477,6 @@ struct cmd_params_instance {
               n_gpu_layers == other.n_gpu_layers &&
               split_mode == other.split_mode &&
               main_gpu == other.main_gpu &&
-               use_mmap == other.use_mmap &&
               tensor_split == other.tensor_split;
    }

@@ -534,7 +503,6 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
    for (const auto & sm : params.split_mode)
    for (const auto & mg : params.main_gpu)
    for (const auto & ts : params.tensor_split)
-    for (const auto & mmp : params.use_mmap)
    for (const auto & nb : params.n_batch)
    for (const auto & tk : params.type_k)
    for (const auto & tv : params.type_v)
@@ -559,7 +527,6 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                /* .no_kv_offload= */ nkvo,
                /* .mul_mat_q    = */ mmq,
                /* .tensor_split = */ ts,
-                /* .use_mmap     = */ mmp,
            };
            instances.push_back(instance);
        }
@@ -582,7 +549,6 @@ static std::vector<cmd_params_instance> get_cmd_params_instances(const cmd_param
                /* .no_kv_offload= */ nkvo,
                /* .mul_mat_q    = */ mmq,
                /* .tensor_split = */ ts,
-                /* .use_mmap     = */ mmp,
            };
            instances.push_back(instance);
        }
@@ -596,10 +562,7 @@ struct test {
    static const int build_number;
    static const bool cuda;
    static const bool opencl;
-    static const bool vulkan;
-    static const bool kompute;
    static const bool metal;
-    static const bool sycl;
    static const bool gpu_blas;
    static const bool blas;
    static const std::string cpu_info;
@@ -617,8 +580,7 @@ struct test {
    int main_gpu;
    bool no_kv_offload;
    bool mul_mat_q;
-    std::vector<float> tensor_split;
-    bool use_mmap;
+    std::array<float, LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES> tensor_split;
    int n_prompt;
    int n_gen;
    std::string test_time;
@@ -641,7 +603,6 @@ struct test {
        no_kv_offload = inst.no_kv_offload;
        mul_mat_q = inst.mul_mat_q;
        tensor_split = inst.tensor_split;
-        use_mmap = inst.use_mmap;
        n_prompt = inst.n_prompt;
        n_gen = inst.n_gen;
        // RFC 3339 date-time format
@@ -682,38 +643,28 @@ struct test {
        if (opencl) {
            return "OpenCL";
        }
-        if (vulkan) {
-            return "Vulkan";
-        }
-        if (kompute) {
-            return "Kompute";
-        }
        if (metal) {
            return "Metal";
        }
-        if (sycl) {
-            return GGML_SYCL_NAME;
-        }
        if (gpu_blas) {
            return "GPU BLAS";
        }
        if (blas) {
            return "BLAS";
        }
-
        return "CPU";
    }

    static const std::vector<std::string> & get_fields() {
        static const std::vector<std::string> fields = {
            "build_commit", "build_number",
-            "cuda", "opencl", "vulkan", "kompute", "metal", "sycl", "gpu_blas", "blas",
+            "cuda", "opencl", "metal", "gpu_blas", "blas",
            "cpu_info", "gpu_info",
            "model_filename", "model_type", "model_size", "model_n_params",
            "n_batch", "n_threads", "type_k", "type_v",
            "n_gpu_layers", "split_mode",
            "main_gpu", "no_kv_offload",
-            "mul_mat_q", "tensor_split", "use_mmap",
+            "mul_mat_q", "tensor_split",
            "n_prompt", "n_gen", "test_time",
            "avg_ns", "stddev_ns",
            "avg_ts", "stddev_ts"
@@ -731,9 +682,8 @@ struct test {
            field == "avg_ns" || field == "stddev_ns") {
            return INT;
        }
-        if (field == "cuda" || field == "opencl"  || field == "vulkan" || field == "kompute" || field == "metal" ||
-            field == "gpu_blas" || field == "blas" || field == "sycl" ||field == "f16_kv" || field == "no_kv_offload" ||
-            field == "mul_mat_q" || field == "use_mmap") {
+        if (field == "cuda" || field == "opencl" || field == "metal" || field == "gpu_blas" || field == "blas" ||
+            field == "f16_kv" || field == "no_kv_offload" || field == "mul_mat_q") {
            return BOOL;
        }
        if (field == "avg_ts" || field == "stddev_ts") {
@@ -745,7 +695,7 @@ struct test {
    std::vector<std::string> get_values() const {
        std::string tensor_split_str;
        int max_nonzero = 0;
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < llama_max_devices(); i++) {
+        for (int i = 0; i < LLAMA_MAX_DEVICES; i++) {
            if (tensor_split[i] > 0) {
                max_nonzero = i;
            }
@@ -760,14 +710,13 @@ struct test {
        }
        std::vector<std::string> values = {
            build_commit, std::to_string(build_number),
-            std::to_string(cuda), std::to_string(opencl), std::to_string(vulkan), std::to_string(vulkan),
-            std::to_string(metal), std::to_string(sycl), std::to_string(gpu_blas), std::to_string(blas),
+            std::to_string(cuda), std::to_string(opencl), std::to_string(metal), std::to_string(gpu_blas), std::to_string(blas),
            cpu_info, gpu_info,
            model_filename, model_type, std::to_string(model_size), std::to_string(model_n_params),
            std::to_string(n_batch), std::to_string(n_threads), ggml_type_name(type_k), ggml_type_name(type_v),
            std::to_string(n_gpu_layers), split_mode_str(split_mode),
            std::to_string(main_gpu), std::to_string(no_kv_offload),
-            std::to_string(mul_mat_q), tensor_split_str, std::to_string(use_mmap),
+            std::to_string(mul_mat_q), tensor_split_str,
            std::to_string(n_prompt), std::to_string(n_gen), test_time,
            std::to_string(avg_ns()), std::to_string(stdev_ns()),
            std::to_string(avg_ts()), std::to_string(stdev_ts())
@@ -789,12 +738,9 @@ const std::string test::build_commit = LLAMA_COMMIT;
 const int         test::build_number = LLAMA_BUILD_NUMBER;
 const bool        test::cuda         = !!ggml_cpu_has_cublas();
 const bool        test::opencl       = !!ggml_cpu_has_clblast();
-const bool        test::vulkan       = !!ggml_cpu_has_vulkan();
-const bool        test::kompute      = !!ggml_cpu_has_kompute();
 const bool        test::metal        = !!ggml_cpu_has_metal();
 const bool        test::gpu_blas     = !!ggml_cpu_has_gpublas();
 const bool        test::blas         = !!ggml_cpu_has_blas();
-const bool        test::sycl         = !!ggml_cpu_has_sycl();
 const std::string test::cpu_info     = get_cpu_info();
 const std::string test::gpu_info     = get_gpu_info();

@@ -937,9 +883,6 @@ struct markdown_printer : public printer {
        if (field == "no_kv_offload") {
            return "nkvo";
        }
-        if (field == "use_mmap") {
-            return "mmap";
-        }
        if (field == "tensor_split") {
            return "ts";
        }
@@ -948,46 +891,43 @@ struct markdown_printer : public printer {

    void print_header(const cmd_params & params) override {
        // select fields to print
-        fields.emplace_back("model");
-        fields.emplace_back("size");
-        fields.emplace_back("params");
-        fields.emplace_back("backend");
+        fields.push_back("model");
+        fields.push_back("size");
+        fields.push_back("params");
+        fields.push_back("backend");
        bool is_cpu_backend = test::get_backend() == "CPU" || test::get_backend() == "BLAS";
        if (!is_cpu_backend) {
-            fields.emplace_back("n_gpu_layers");
+            fields.push_back("n_gpu_layers");
        }
        if (params.n_threads.size() > 1 || params.n_threads != cmd_params_defaults.n_threads || is_cpu_backend) {
-            fields.emplace_back("n_threads");
+            fields.push_back("n_threads");
        }
        if (params.n_batch.size() > 1 || params.n_batch != cmd_params_defaults.n_batch) {
-            fields.emplace_back("n_batch");
+            fields.push_back("n_batch");
        }
        if (params.type_k.size() > 1 || params.type_k != cmd_params_defaults.type_k) {
-            fields.emplace_back("type_k");
+            fields.push_back("type_k");
        }
        if (params.type_v.size() > 1 || params.type_v != cmd_params_defaults.type_v) {
-            fields.emplace_back("type_v");
+            fields.push_back("type_v");
        }
        if (params.main_gpu.size() > 1 || params.main_gpu != cmd_params_defaults.main_gpu) {
-            fields.emplace_back("main_gpu");
+            fields.push_back("main_gpu");
        }
        if (params.split_mode.size() > 1 || params.split_mode != cmd_params_defaults.split_mode) {
-            fields.emplace_back("split_mode");
+            fields.push_back("split_mode");
        }
        if (params.mul_mat_q.size() > 1 || params.mul_mat_q != cmd_params_defaults.mul_mat_q) {
-            fields.emplace_back("mul_mat_q");
+            fields.push_back("mul_mat_q");
        }
        if (params.no_kv_offload.size() > 1 || params.no_kv_offload != cmd_params_defaults.no_kv_offload) {
-            fields.emplace_back("no_kv_offload");
+            fields.push_back("no_kv_offload");
        }
        if (params.tensor_split.size() > 1 || params.tensor_split != cmd_params_defaults.tensor_split) {
-            fields.emplace_back("tensor_split");
+            fields.push_back("tensor_split");
        }
-        if (params.use_mmap.size() > 1 || params.use_mmap != cmd_params_defaults.use_mmap) {
-            fields.emplace_back("use_mmap");
-        }
-        fields.emplace_back("test");
-        fields.emplace_back("t/s");
+        fields.push_back("test");
+        fields.push_back("t/s");

        fprintf(fout, "|");
        for (const auto & field : fields) {
@@ -1151,7 +1091,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    if (!params.verbose) {
        llama_log_set(llama_null_log_callback, NULL);
    }
-    llama_backend_init();
+    bool numa = false;
+    llama_backend_init(numa);

    // initialize printer
    std::unique_ptr<printer> p;
--- a/examples/llama.android/app/build.gradle.kts
+++ b/examples/llama.android/app/build.gradle.kts
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ android {
        }
        externalNativeBuild {
            cmake {
-                arguments += "-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release"
                cppFlags += listOf()
                arguments += listOf()
            }
--- a/examples/llama.android/app/src/main/cpp/llama-android.cpp
+++ b/examples/llama.android/app/src/main/cpp/llama-android.cpp
@@ -274,8 +274,8 @@ Java_com_example_llama_Llm_new_1batch(JNIEnv *, jobject, jint n_tokens, jint emb

 extern "C"
 JNIEXPORT void JNICALL
-Java_com_example_llama_Llm_backend_1init(JNIEnv *, jobject) {
-    llama_backend_init();
+Java_com_example_llama_Llm_backend_1init(JNIEnv *, jobject, jboolean numa) {
+    llama_backend_init(numa);
 }

 extern "C"
--- a/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
+++ b/examples/llama.swiftui/llama.cpp.swift/LibLlama.swift
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ actor LlamaContext {
    }

    static func create_context(path: String) throws -> LlamaContext {
-        llama_backend_init()
+        llama_backend_init(false)
        var model_params = llama_model_default_params()

 #if targetEnvironment(simulator)
--- a/examples/llama.vim
+++ b/examples/llama.vim
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 " Similarly, you could add an insert mode keybind with
 " inoremap <C-B> <Cmd>call llama#doLlamaGen()<CR>
 "
-" g:llama_api_url, g:llama_api_key and g:llama_overrides can be configured in your .vimrc
+" g:llama_api_url and g:llama_overrides can be configured in your .vimrc
 " let g:llama_api_url = "192.168.1.10:8080"
 " llama_overrides can also be set through buffer/window scopes. For instance
 " autocmd filetype python let b:llama_overrides = {"temp": 0.2}
@@ -82,9 +82,6 @@ func llama#doLlamaGen()
   endif
   let l:querydata.prompt = join(l:buflines, "\n")
   let l:curlcommand = copy(s:curlcommand)
-   if exists("g:llama_api_key")
-       call extend(l:curlcommand, ['--header', 'Authorization: Bearer ' .. g:llama_api_key])
-   endif
   let l:curlcommand[2] = json_encode(l:querydata)
   let b:job = job_start(l:curlcommand, {"callback": function("s:callbackHandler", [l:cbuffer])})
 endfunction
--- a/examples/llava/MobileVLM-README.md
+++ b/examples/llava/MobileVLM-README.md
@@ -1,185 +0,0 @@
-# MobileVLM
-
-Currently this implementation supports [MobileVLM-v1.7](https://huggingface.co/mtgv/MobileVLM-1.7B) variants.
-
-for more information, please go to [Meituan-AutoML/MobileVLM](https://github.com/Meituan-AutoML/MobileVLM)
-
-The implementation is based on llava, and is compatible with llava and mobileVLM. The usage is basically same as llava.
-
-## Usage
-Build with cmake or run `make llava-cli` to build it.
-
-After building, run: `./llava-cli` to see the usage. For example:
-
-```sh
-./llava-cli -m MobileVLM-1.7B/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
-    --mmproj MobileVLM-1.7B/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
-    --image path/to/an/image.jpg \
-    -p "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWho is the author of this book? Answer the question using a single word or phrase. ASSISTANT:"
-```
-
-## Model conversion
-
- Clone `mobileVLM-1.7B` and `clip-vit-large-patch14-336` locally:
-
-```sh
-git clone https://huggingface.co/mtgv/MobileVLM-1.7B
-
-git clone https://huggingface.co/openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336
-```
-
-2. Use `llava-surgery.py` to split the LLaVA model to LLaMA and multimodel projector constituents:
-
-```sh
-python ./examples/llava/llava-surgery.py -m path/to/MobileVLM-1.7B
-```
-
-3. Use `convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py` with `--projector-type ldp` to convert the LLaVA image encoder to GGUF:
-
-```sh
-python ./examples/llava/convert-image-encoder-to-gguf \
-    -m path/to/clip-vit-large-patch14-336 \
-    --llava-projector path/to/MobileVLM-1.7B/llava.projector \
-    --output-dir path/to/MobileVLM-1.7B \
-    --projector-type ldp
-```
-
-4. Use `convert.py` to convert the LLaMA part of LLaVA to GGUF:
-
-```sh
-python ./convert.py path/to/MobileVLM-1.7B
-```
-
-5. Use `quantize` to convert LLaMA part's DataType from `fp16` to `q4_k`
-```sh
-./quantize path/to/MobileVLM-1.7B/ggml-model-f16.gguf path/to/MobileVLM-1.7B/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf q4_k_s
-```
-
-Now both the LLaMA part and the image encoder is in the `MobileVLM-1.7B` directory.
-
-## Android compile and run
-### compile
-refer to `examples/llava/android/build_64.sh`
-```sh
-mkdir examples/llava/android/build_64
-cd examples/llava/android/build_64
-../build_64.sh
-```
-### run on Android
-refer to `android/adb_run.sh`, modify resources' `name` and `path`
-
-## some result on Android with `Snapdragon 888` chip
-### case 1
-**input**
-```sh
-/data/local/tmp/llava-cli \
-    -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
-    --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
-    -t 4 \
-    --image /data/local/tmp/demo.jpg \
-    -p "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWho is the author of this book? \nAnswer the question using a single word or phrase. ASSISTANT:"
-```
-**output**
-```sh
-encode_image_with_clip: image encoded in 21148.71 ms by CLIP (  146.87 ms per image patch)
- Susan Wise Bauer
-llama_print_timings:        load time =   23574.72 ms
-llama_print_timings:      sample time =       1.24 ms /     6 runs   (    0.21 ms per token,  4850.44 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings: prompt eval time =   12460.15 ms /   246 tokens (   50.65 ms per token,    19.74 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:        eval time =     424.86 ms /     6 runs   (   70.81 ms per token,    14.12 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:       total time =   34731.93 ms
-```
-### case 2
-**input**
-```sh
-/data/local/tmp/llava-cli \
-    -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
-    --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
-    -t 4 \
-    --image /data/local/tmp/cat.jpeg \
-    -p "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWhat is in the image? ASSISTANT:"
-```
-
-**output**
-```sh
-encode_image_with_clip: image encoded in 21149.51 ms by CLIP (  146.87 ms per image patch)
- The image depicts a cat sitting in the grass near some tall green plants.
-llama_print_timings:        load time =   23257.32 ms
-llama_print_timings:      sample time =       5.25 ms /    18 runs   (    0.29 ms per token,  3430.53 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings: prompt eval time =   11900.73 ms /   232 tokens (   51.30 ms per token,    19.49 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:        eval time =    1279.03 ms /    18 runs   (   71.06 ms per token,    14.07 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:       total time =   34570.79 ms
-```
-
-## Orin compile and run
-### compile
-```sh
-make LLAMA_CUBLAS=1 CUDA_DOCKER_ARCH=sm_87 LLAMA_CUDA_F16=1 -j 32
-```
-
-### run on Orin
-### case 1
-**input**
-```sh
-./llava-cli \
-    -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
-    --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
-    --image /data/local/tmp/demo.jpeg \
-    -p "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWho is the author of this book? \nAnswer the question using a single word or phrase. ASSISTANT:" \
-    --n-gpu-layers 999
-```
-**output**
-```sh
-
-encode_image_with_clip: image encoded in   296.62 ms by CLIP (    2.06 ms per image patch)
-
- Susan Wise Bauer
-
-llama_print_timings:        load time =    1067.64 ms
-llama_print_timings:      sample time =       1.53 ms /     6 runs   (    0.25 ms per token,  3934.43 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings: prompt eval time =     306.84 ms /   246 tokens (    1.25 ms per token,   801.72 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:        eval time =      91.50 ms /     6 runs   (   15.25 ms per token,    65.58 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:       total time =    1352.63 ms /   252 tokens
-```
-
-### case 2
-**input**
-```sh
-./llava-cli \
-    -m /data/local/tmp/ggml-model-q4_k.gguf \
-    --mmproj /data/local/tmp/mmproj-model-f16.gguf \
-    -p "A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWhat is in the image? ASSISTANT:" \
-    --n-gpu-layers 999
-
-```
-**output**
-```sh
-encode_image_with_clip: image encoded in   302.15 ms by CLIP (    2.10 ms per image patch)
-
- The image features a cat lying in the grass.
-
-llama_print_timings:        load time =    1057.07 ms
-llama_print_timings:      sample time =       3.27 ms /    11 runs   (    0.30 ms per token,  3360.83 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings: prompt eval time =     213.60 ms /   232 tokens (    0.92 ms per token,  1086.14 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:        eval time =     166.65 ms /    11 runs   (   15.15 ms per token,    66.01 tokens per second)
-llama_print_timings:       total time =    1365.47 ms /   243 tokens
-```
-
-## Minor shortcomings
-The `n_patch` of output in `ldp` is 1/4 of the input. In order to implement quickly, we uniformly modified `clip_n_patches` function to a quarter. when counting the time consumption, the calculated time will be 4 times bigger than the real cost.
-
-## TODO
-
- [x] Support non-CPU backend for the new operators, such as `depthwise`, `hardswish`, `hardsigmoid`
- [ ] Optimize LDP projector performance
-
-      - Optimize the structure definition to avoid unnecessary memory rearrangements, to reduce the use of `ggml_permute_cpy`;
-      - Optimize operator implementation (ARM CPU/NVIDIA GPU): such as depthwise conv, hardswish, hardsigmoid, etc.
- [x] run MobileVLM on `Jetson Orin`
- [ ] Support more model variants, such as `MobileVLM-3B`.
-
-
-## contributor
-```sh
-zhangjidong05, yangyang260, huyiming03, chenxiaotao03
-```
--- a/examples/llava/README.md
+++ b/examples/llava/README.md
@@ -1,12 +1,10 @@
 # LLaVA

-Currently this implementation supports [llava-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b) variants,
-as well as llava-1.6 [llava-v1.6](https://huggingface.co/collections/liuhaotian/llava-16-65b9e40155f60fd046a5ccf2) variants.
+Currently this implementation supports [llava-v1.5](https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b) variants.

 The pre-converted [7b](https://huggingface.co/mys/ggml_llava-v1.5-7b)
 and [13b](https://huggingface.co/mys/ggml_llava-v1.5-13b)
 models are available.
-For llava-1.6 a variety of prepared gguf models are available as well [7b-34b](https://huggingface.co/cmp-nct/llava-1.6-gguf)

 After API is confirmed, more models will be supported / uploaded.

@@ -16,15 +14,14 @@ Build with cmake or run `make llava-cli` to build it.
 After building, run: `./llava-cli` to see the usage. For example:

 ```sh
-./llava-cli -m ../llava-v1.5-7b/ggml-model-f16.gguf --mmproj ../llava-v1.5-7b/mmproj-model-f16.gguf --image path/to/an/image.jpg
+./llava-cli -m llava-v1.5-7b/ggml-model-q5_k.gguf --mmproj llava-v1.5-7b/mmproj-model-f16.gguf --image path/to/an/image.jpg
 ```

 **note**: A lower temperature like 0.1 is recommended for better quality. add `--temp 0.1` to the command to do so.
-**note**: For GPU offloading ensure to use the `-ngl` flag just like usual

-## LLaVA 1.5
+## Model conversion

- Clone a LLaVA and a CLIP model ([available options](https://github.com/haotian-liu/LLaVA/blob/main/docs/MODEL_ZOO.md)). For example:
+- Clone `llava-v15-7b`` and `clip-vit-large-patch14-336`` locally:

 ```sh
 git clone https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b
@@ -32,25 +29,19 @@ git clone https://huggingface.co/liuhaotian/llava-v1.5-7b
 git clone https://huggingface.co/openai/clip-vit-large-patch14-336
 ```

-2. Install the required Python packages:
-
-```sh
-pip install -r examples/llava/requirements.txt
-```
-
-3. Use `llava-surgery.py` to split the LLaVA model to LLaMA and multimodel projector constituents:
+2. Use `llava-surgery.py` to split the LLaVA model to LLaMA and multimodel projector constituents:

 ```sh
 python ./examples/llava/llava-surgery.py -m ../llava-v1.5-7b
 ```

-4. Use `convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py` to convert the LLaVA image encoder to GGUF:
+3. Use `convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py` to convert the LLaVA image encoder to GGUF:

 ```sh
-python ./examples/llava/convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py -m ../clip-vit-large-patch14-336 --llava-projector ../llava-v1.5-7b/llava.projector --output-dir ../llava-v1.5-7b
+python ./examples/llava/convert-image-encoder-to-gguf -m ../clip-vit-large-patch14-336 --llava-projector ../llava-v1.5-7b/llava.projector --output-dir ../llava-v1.5-7b
 ```

-5. Use `convert.py` to convert the LLaMA part of LLaVA to GGUF:
+4. Use `convert.py` to convert the LLaMA part of LLaVA to GGUF:

 ```sh
 python ./convert.py ../llava-v1.5-7b
@@ -58,49 +49,8 @@ python ./convert.py ../llava-v1.5-7b

 Now both the LLaMA part and the image encoder is in the `llava-v1.5-7b` directory.

-## LLaVA 1.6 gguf conversion
-
-1) Backup your pth/safetensor model files as llava-surgery modifies them
-2) Use `python llava-surgery-v2.py -C -m /path/to/hf-model` which also supports llava-1.5 variants pytorch as well as safetensor models:
- you will find a llava.projector and a llava.clip file in your model directory
-3) Copy the llava.clip file into a subdirectory (like vit), rename it to pytorch_model.bin and add a fitting vit configuration to the directory (https://huggingface.co/cmp-nct/llava-1.6-gguf/blob/main/config_vit.json) and rename it to config.json.
-4) Create the visual gguf model: `python ./examples/llava/convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py -m ../path/to/vit --llava-projector ../path/to/llava.projector --output-dir ../path/to/output --clip-model-is-vision`
- This is similar to llava-1.5, the difference is that we tell the encoder that we are working with the pure vision model part of CLIP
-5) Everything else as usual: convert.py the hf model, quantize as needed
-**note** llava-1.6 needs more context than llava-1.5, at least 3000 is needed (just run it at -c 4096)
-**note** llava-1.6 greatly benefits from batched prompt processing (defaults work)
-
-## llava-cli templating and llava-1.6 prompting
-
-llava-1.5 models all use the same vicuna prompt, here you can just add your image question like `-p "Provide a full description."`
-For llava-1.5 models which are not vicuna (mistral and Yi) you need to adapt system prompt as well as user prompt, for this purpose llava-cli has a basic templating system:
-
-**For Mistral and using llava-cli binary:**
-Add this: `-p "<image>\nUSER:\nProvide a full description.\nASSISTANT:\n"`
-The mistral template for llava-1.6 seems to be no system print and a USER/ASSISTANT role
-
-**For the 34B this should work:**
-Add this: `-e -p <|im_start|>system\nAnswer the questions.<|im_end|><|im_start|>user\n<image>\nProvide a full description.<|im_end|><|im_start|>assistant\n`
-
-
-## How to know if you are running in llava-1.5 or llava-1.6 mode
-
-When running llava-cli you will see a visual information right before the prompt is being processed:
-
-**Llava-1.5:**
-`encode_image_with_clip: image embedding created: 576 tokens`
-
-**Llava-1.6 (anything above 576):**
-`encode_image_with_clip: image embedding created: 2880 tokens`
-
-
-Alternatively just pay notice to how many "tokens" have been used for your prompt, it will also show 1000+ tokens for llava-1.6
-
-
-
-
 ## TODO

- [x] Support non-CPU backend for the image encoding part.
+- [ ] Support non-CPU backend for the image encoding part.
 - [ ] Support different sampling methods.
 - [ ] Support more model variants.
--- a/examples/llava/android/adb_run.sh
+++ b/examples/llava/android/adb_run.sh
@@ -1,53 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-model_dir="/Users/cxt/model/llm/mobileVLM/MobileVLM-1.7B_processed"
-projector_name="mmproj-model-f16.gguf"
-llama_name="ggml-model-q4_k.gguf"
-img_dir="/Users/cxt/model/llm"
-img_name="demo.jpg"
-prompt="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWho is the author of this book? \nAnswer the question using a single word or phrase. ASSISTANT:"
-# img_name="cat.jpeg"
-# prompt="A chat between a curious user and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the user's questions. USER: <image>\nWhat is in the image? ASSISTANT:"
-
-program_dir="build_64/bin"
-binName="llava-cli"
-n_threads=4
-
-
-deviceDir="/data/local/tmp"
-saveDir="output"
-if [ ! -d ${saveDir} ]; then
-    mkdir ${saveDir}
-fi
-
-
-function android_run() {
-    # # copy resource into device
-    # adb push ${model_dir}/${projector_name} ${deviceDir}/${projector_name}
-    # adb push ${model_dir}/${llama_name} ${deviceDir}/${llama_name}
-    adb push ${img_dir}/${img_name} ${deviceDir}/${img_name}
-    # copy program into device
-    adb push ${program_dir}/${binName} ${deviceDir}/${binName}
-    adb shell "chmod 0777 ${deviceDir}/${binName}"
-
-    # run
-    adb shell "echo cd ${deviceDir} ${deviceDir}/${binName} \
-                                                 -m ${deviceDir}/${llama_name} \
-                                                 --mmproj ${deviceDir}/${projector_name} \
-                                                 -t ${n_threads} \
-                                                 --image ${deviceDir}/${img_name} \
-                                                 -p \"${prompt}\" \
-                                                 > ${deviceDir}/${modelName}_${projector_name}_${n_threads}_${img_name}.txt"
-    adb shell "cd ${deviceDir}; pwd; ${deviceDir}/${binName} \
-                                                 -m ${deviceDir}/${llama_name} \
-                                                 --mmproj ${deviceDir}/${projector_name} \
-                                                 -t ${n_threads} \
-                                                 --image ${deviceDir}/${img_name} \
-                                                 -p \"${prompt}\" \
-                                                 >> ${deviceDir}/${modelName}_${projector_name}_${n_threads}_${img_name}.txt 2>&1"
-    adb pull ${deviceDir}/${modelName}_${projector_name}_${n_threads}_${img_name}.txt ${saveDir}
-}
-
-android_run
-
-echo "android_run is Done!"
--- a/examples/llava/android/build_64.sh
+++ b/examples/llava/android/build_64.sh
@@ -1,8 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-cmake ../../../../ \
-DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$ANDROID_NDK/build/cmake/android.toolchain.cmake \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release \
-DANDROID_ABI="arm64-v8a" \
-DANDROID_PLATFORM=android-23 $1
-
-make -j4
--- a/examples/llava/clip.cpp
+++ b/examples/llava/clip.cpp
--- a/examples/llava/clip.h
+++ b/examples/llava/clip.h
@@ -24,7 +24,25 @@ struct clip_ctx;
 extern "C" {
 #endif

-struct clip_ctx;
+struct clip_vision_hparams {
+    int32_t image_size;
+    int32_t patch_size;
+    int32_t hidden_size;
+    int32_t n_intermediate;
+    int32_t projection_dim;
+    int32_t n_head;
+    int32_t n_layer;
+    float eps;
+};
+
+CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load(const char * fname, int verbosity);
+
+CLIP_API void clip_free(struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+
+CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+
+CLIP_API int clip_n_patches    (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
+CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);

 struct clip_image_u8_batch {
    struct clip_image_u8 * data;
@@ -36,43 +54,18 @@ struct clip_image_f32_batch {
    size_t size;
 };

-CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load    (const char * fname, int verbosity);
-CLIP_API struct clip_ctx * clip_model_load_cpu(const char * fname, int verbosity);
-
-CLIP_API void clip_free(struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
-CLIP_API size_t clip_embd_nbytes(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_image_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_patch_size (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int32_t clip_hidden_size(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
-// TODO: should be enum, not string
-CLIP_API const char * clip_patch_merge_type(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
-CLIP_API const int32_t * clip_image_grid(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
-CLIP_API int clip_n_patches    (const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-CLIP_API int clip_n_mmproj_embd(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
 CLIP_API struct clip_image_u8  * clip_image_u8_init ();
 CLIP_API struct clip_image_f32 * clip_image_f32_init();

-CLIP_API void clip_image_u8_free (struct clip_image_u8  * img);
+CLIP_API void clip_image_u8_free (struct clip_image_u8 * img);
 CLIP_API void clip_image_f32_free(struct clip_image_f32 * img);
-CLIP_API void clip_image_u8_batch_free (struct clip_image_u8_batch  & batch);
-CLIP_API void clip_image_f32_batch_free(struct clip_image_f32_batch & batch);

 CLIP_API bool clip_image_load_from_file(const char * fname, struct clip_image_u8 * img);

 /** interpret bytes as an image file with length bytes_length, and use the result to populate img */
 CLIP_API bool clip_image_load_from_bytes(const unsigned char * bytes, size_t bytes_length, struct clip_image_u8 * img);

-/** preprocess img and store the result in res_imgs, pad_to_square may be overriden to false depending on model configuration */
-CLIP_API bool clip_image_preprocess(struct clip_ctx * ctx, const clip_image_u8 * img, clip_image_f32_batch & res_imgs );
-
-CLIP_API struct ggml_tensor * clip_get_newline_tensor(const struct clip_ctx * ctx);
-
+CLIP_API bool clip_image_preprocess  (struct clip_ctx * ctx, const struct clip_image_u8 * img, struct clip_image_f32 * res, bool pad2square);
 CLIP_API bool clip_image_encode      (struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, struct clip_image_f32 * img, float * vec);
 CLIP_API bool clip_image_batch_encode(struct clip_ctx * ctx, int n_threads, const struct clip_image_f32_batch * imgs, float * vec);

--- a/examples/llava/convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py
+++ b/examples/llava/convert-image-encoder-to-gguf.py
@@ -71,26 +71,24 @@ def bytes_to_unicode():
    return dict(zip(bs, cs))


-ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
+ap = argparse.ArgumentParser(prog="convert_hf_to_gguf.py")
 ap.add_argument("-m", "--model-dir", help="Path to model directory cloned from HF Hub", required=True)
 ap.add_argument("--use-f32", action="store_true", default=False, help="Use f32 instead of f16")
 ap.add_argument("--text-only", action="store_true", required=False,
                help="Save a text-only model. It can't be used to encode images")
 ap.add_argument("--vision-only", action="store_true", required=False,
                help="Save a vision-only model. It can't be used to encode texts")
-ap.add_argument("--clip-model-is-vision", action="store_true", required=False,
+ap.add_argument("--clip_model_is_vision", action="store_true", required=False,
                help="The clip model is a pure vision model (ShareGPT4V vision extract for example)")
-ap.add_argument("--clip-model-is-openclip", action="store_true", required=False,
-                help="The clip model is from openclip (for ViT-SO400M type))")
 ap.add_argument("--llava-projector", help="Path to llava.projector file. If specified, save an image encoder for LLaVA models.")
-ap.add_argument("--projector-type", help="Type of projector. Possible values: mlp, ldp", choices=["mlp", "ldp"], default="mlp")
+ap.add_argument("--image-mean", nargs=3, type=float, required=False, help="Override image mean values")
+ap.add_argument("--image-std", nargs=3, type=float, required=False, help="Override image std values")
 ap.add_argument("-o", "--output-dir", help="Directory to save GGUF files. Default is the original model directory", default=None)
 # Example --image_mean 0.48145466 0.4578275 0.40821073 --image_std 0.26862954 0.26130258 0.27577711
-# Example --image_mean 0.5 0.5 0.5 --image_std 0.5 0.5 0.5
 default_image_mean = [0.48145466, 0.4578275, 0.40821073]
 default_image_std = [0.26862954, 0.26130258, 0.27577711]
-ap.add_argument('--image-mean', type=float, nargs='+', help='Mean of the images for normalization (overrides processor) ', default=None)
-ap.add_argument('--image-std', type=float, nargs='+', help='Standard deviation of the images for normalization (overrides processor)', default=None)
+ap.add_argument('--image_mean', type=float, nargs='+', help='Mean of the images for normalization (overrides processor) ', default=None)
+ap.add_argument('--image_std', type=float, nargs='+', help='Standard deviation of the images for normalization (overrides processor)', default=None)

 # with proper
 args = ap.parse_args()
@@ -106,7 +104,7 @@ if args.use_f32:
 # output in the same directory as the model if output_dir is None
 dir_model = args.model_dir

-if args.clip_model_is_vision or not os.path.exists(dir_model + "/vocab.json") or args.clip_model_is_openclip:
+if args.clip_model_is_vision:
    vocab = None
    tokens = None
 else:
@@ -134,7 +132,7 @@ ftype = 1
 if args.use_f32:
    ftype = 0

-if args.clip_model_is_vision or args.clip_model_is_openclip:
+if args.clip_model_is_vision:
    model = CLIPVisionModel.from_pretrained(dir_model)
    processor = None
 else:
@@ -176,8 +174,6 @@ elif args.vision_only and not has_llava_projector:
    fout.add_description("vision-only CLIP model")
 elif has_llava_projector:
    fout.add_description("image encoder for LLaVA")
-    # add projector type
-    fout.add_string("clip.projector_type", args.projector_type)
 else:
    fout.add_description("two-tower CLIP model")

@@ -203,57 +199,6 @@ if has_vision_encoder:
    fout.add_float32(k(KEY_ATTENTION_LAYERNORM_EPS, VISION), v_hparams["layer_norm_eps"])
    block_count = v_hparams["num_hidden_layers"] - 1 if has_llava_projector else v_hparams["num_hidden_layers"]
    fout.add_uint32(k(KEY_BLOCK_COUNT, VISION), block_count)
-                            #     /**
-                            #      "image_grid_pinpoints": [
-                            #         [
-                            #         336,
-                            #         672
-                            #         ],
-                            #         [
-                            #         672,
-                            #         336
-                            #         ],
-                            #         [
-                            #         672,
-                            #         672
-                            #         ],
-                            #         [
-                            #         1008,
-                            #         336
-                            #         ],
-                            #         [
-                            #         336,
-                            #         1008
-                            #         ]
-                            #     ],
-                            #     Flattened:
-                            #     [
-                            #         336, 672,
-                            #         672, 336,
-                            #         672, 672,
-                            #         1008, 336,
-                            #         336, 1008
-                            #     ]
-                            #  *
-                            #  */
-    if "image_grid_pinpoints" in v_hparams:
-        # flatten it
-        image_grid_pinpoints = []
-        for pinpoint in v_hparams["image_grid_pinpoints"]:
-            for p in pinpoint:
-                image_grid_pinpoints.append(p)
-        fout.add_array("clip.vision.image_grid_pinpoints", image_grid_pinpoints)
-    if "image_crop_resolution" in v_hparams:
-        fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.image_crop_resolution", v_hparams["image_crop_resolution"])
-    if "image_aspect_ratio" in v_hparams:
-        fout.add_string("clip.vision.image_aspect_ratio", v_hparams["image_aspect_ratio"])
-    if "image_split_resolution" in v_hparams:
-        fout.add_uint32("clip.vision.image_split_resolution", v_hparams["image_split_resolution"])
-    if "mm_patch_merge_type" in v_hparams:
-        fout.add_string("clip.vision.mm_patch_merge_type", v_hparams["mm_patch_merge_type"])
-    if "mm_projector_type" in v_hparams:
-        fout.add_string("clip.vision.mm_projector_type", v_hparams["mm_projector_type"])
-

    if processor is not None:
        image_mean = processor.image_processor.image_mean if args.image_mean is None or args.image_mean == default_image_mean else args.image_mean
@@ -273,8 +218,7 @@ if has_llava_projector:
    projector = torch.load(args.llava_projector)
    for name, data in projector.items():
        name = get_tensor_name(name)
-        # pw and dw conv ndim==4
-        if data.ndim == 2 or data.ndim == 4:
+        if data.ndim == 2:
            data = data.squeeze().numpy().astype(np.float16)
        else:
            data = data.squeeze().numpy().astype(np.float32)
--- a/examples/llava/llava-cli.cpp
+++ b/examples/llava/llava-cli.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ static bool eval_id(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, int id, int * n_past) {

 static bool eval_string(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, const char* str, int n_batch, int * n_past, bool add_bos){
    std::string              str2     = str;
-    std::vector<llama_token> embd_inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx_llama, str2, add_bos, true);
+    std::vector<llama_token> embd_inp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx_llama, str2, add_bos);
    eval_tokens(ctx_llama, embd_inp, n_batch, n_past);
    return true;
 }
@@ -148,58 +148,22 @@ static void process_prompt(struct llava_context * ctx_llava, struct llava_image_
    const int max_tgt_len = params->n_predict < 0 ? 256 : params->n_predict;
    const bool add_bos = llama_should_add_bos_token(llama_get_model(ctx_llava->ctx_llama));

-    std::string system_prompt, user_prompt;
-    size_t image_pos = prompt.find("<image>");
-    if (image_pos != std::string::npos) {
-        // new templating mode: Provide the full prompt including system message and use <image> as a placeholder for the image
-        system_prompt = prompt.substr(0, image_pos);
-        user_prompt = prompt.substr(image_pos + std::string("<image>").length());
-        printf("system_prompt: %s\n", system_prompt.c_str());
-        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
-            auto tmp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, system_prompt, true, true);
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
-                printf("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
-            }
-        }
-        printf("user_prompt: %s\n", user_prompt.c_str());
-        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
-            auto tmp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt, true, true);
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
-                printf("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
-            }
-        }
-    } else {
-        // llava-1.5 native mode
-        system_prompt = "A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant. The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.\nUSER:";
-        user_prompt = prompt + "\nASSISTANT:";
-        if (params->verbose_prompt) {
-            auto tmp = ::llama_tokenize(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt, true, true);
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) tmp.size(); i++) {
-                printf("%6d -> '%s'\n", tmp[i], llama_token_to_piece(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, tmp[i]).c_str());
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, system_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, add_bos);
+    // llava chat format is "<system_prompt>\nUSER:<image_embeddings>\n<textual_prompt>\nASSISTANT:"
+    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, "A chat between a curious human and an artificial intelligence assistant.  The assistant gives helpful, detailed, and polite answers to the human's questions.\nUSER:", params->n_batch, &n_past, add_bos);
    llava_eval_image_embed(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, image_embed, params->n_batch, &n_past);
-    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, user_prompt.c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);
+    eval_string(ctx_llava->ctx_llama, (prompt + "\nASSISTANT:").c_str(), params->n_batch, &n_past, false);

    // generate the response

    fprintf(stderr, "\n");

    struct llama_sampling_context * ctx_sampling = llama_sampling_init(params->sparams);
-    std::string response = "";
+
    for (int i = 0; i < max_tgt_len; i++) {
        const char * tmp = sample(ctx_sampling, ctx_llava->ctx_llama, &n_past);
-        response += tmp;
        if (strcmp(tmp, "</s>") == 0) break;
-        if (strstr(tmp, "###")) break; // Yi-VL behavior
-        printf("%s", tmp);
-        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<|im_end|>")) break; // Yi-34B llava-1.6 - for some reason those decode not as the correct token (tokenizer works)
-        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "<|im_start|>")) break; // Yi-34B llava-1.6
-        if (strstr(response.c_str(), "USER:")) break; // mistral llava-1.6

+        printf("%s", tmp);
        fflush(stdout);
    }

@@ -218,8 +182,7 @@ static struct llava_context * llava_init(gpt_params * params) {

    auto ctx_clip = clip_model_load(clip_path, /*verbosity=*/ 1);

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params->numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params->numa);

    llama_model_params model_params = llama_model_params_from_gpt_params(*params);

--- a/examples/llava/llava-surgery-v2.py
+++ b/examples/llava/llava-surgery-v2.py
@@ -1,167 +0,0 @@
-import argparse
-import glob
-import os
-import torch
-from safetensors.torch import load as safe_load, save as safe_save, safe_open, save_file
-
-# Function to determine if file is a SafeTensor file
-def is_safetensor_file(file_path):
-    return file_path.endswith('.safetensors')
-
-
-# Unified loading function
-def load_model(file_path):
-    if is_safetensor_file(file_path):
-        tensors = {}
-        with safe_open(file_path, framework="pt", device="cpu") as f:
-            for key in f.keys():
-                tensors[key] = f.get_tensor(key).clone()
-                # output shape
-                print(f"{key} : {tensors[key].shape}")
-        return tensors, 'safetensor'
-    else:
-        return torch.load(file_path, map_location=torch.device('cpu')), 'pytorch'
-
-
-# Unified saving function
-def save_model(model, file_path, file_type):
-    if file_type == 'safetensor':
-        # safe_save(model, file_path)
-        save_file(model, file_path)
-    else:
-        torch.save(model, file_path)
-
-
-# Adapted function to clean vision tower from checkpoint
-def clean_vision_tower_from_checkpoint(checkpoint_path):
-    checkpoint, file_type = load_model(checkpoint_path)
-    # file_type = 'pytorch'
-    model_path = os.path.dirname(checkpoint_path)
-    print(f"Searching for vision tower tensors in {checkpoint_path}")
-    clip_tensors = [k for k, v in checkpoint.items() if (k.startswith("model.vision_tower") or k.startswith("vit."))]
-
-    if len(clip_tensors) > 0:
-        print(f"Found {len(clip_tensors)} tensors to extract from {checkpoint_path}")
-        # Adapted for file type
-        clip_path = os.path.join(model_path, "llava.clip")
-
-        if os.path.exists(clip_path):
-            print(f"Loading existing llava.clip from {clip_path}")
-            existing_clip, _ = load_model(clip_path)
-        else:
-            print(f"Creating new llava.clip at {clip_path}")
-            existing_clip = {}
-        # Update existing_clip with new tensors, avoid duplicates
-        for name in clip_tensors:
-            simple_name = name[name.index('vision_model.'):] if 'vision_model.' in name else name
-            print(f"Adding {simple_name} to llava.clip")
-            if simple_name not in existing_clip:
-                existing_clip[simple_name] = checkpoint[name]
-
-        # Save the updated clip tensors back to llava.clip
-        save_model(existing_clip, clip_path, 'pytorch')
-
-        # Remove the tensors from the original checkpoint
-        for name in clip_tensors:
-            del checkpoint[name]
-
-        # Save the updated checkpoint
-        checkpoint_path = checkpoint_path
-        save_model(checkpoint, checkpoint_path, file_type)
-        return True
-    return False
-
-def find_relevant_checkpoints(checkpoint_paths, newline_criteria, projector):
-    newline_checkpoint_path = None
-    projector_checkpoint_path = None
-
-    for path in checkpoint_paths:
-        checkpoint, _ = load_model(path)
-        if newline_criteria(checkpoint) and newline_checkpoint_path is None:
-            newline_checkpoint_path = path
-        if projector(checkpoint):
-            projector_checkpoint_path = path
-
-    return newline_checkpoint_path, projector_checkpoint_path
-
-def newline_criteria(checkpoint):
-    return any(k.startswith("model.image_newline") for k in checkpoint.keys())
-
-def proj_criteria(checkpoint):
-    return any(k.startswith("model.mm_projector") or k.startswith("vision_proj.") for k in checkpoint.keys())
-
-
-# Command-line interface setup
-ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
-ap.add_argument("-m", "--model", required=True, help="Path to LLaVA v1.5+ model")
-ap.add_argument("-C", "--clean-vision-tower", action="store_true", help="Remove any vision tower from the model files")
-args = ap.parse_args()
-
-if args.clean_vision_tower:
-    # Generalized to handle both PyTorch and SafeTensors models
-    model_files = sorted(glob.glob(f"{args.model}/*"), key=os.path.getmtime, reverse=True)
-    # checkpoint_paths = [path for path in model_files if (path.endswith('.bin') and path.startswith('pytorch')) or (path.endswith('.safetensors') and path.startswith('model'))]
-    checkpoint_paths = [path for path in model_files if (path.endswith('.bin') and 'pytorch' in path.split('/')[-1].split('\\')[-1]) or (path.endswith('.safetensors') and 'model' in path.split('/')[-1].split('\\')[-1])]
-    for projector_checkpoint_path in checkpoint_paths:
-        print(f"Cleaning {projector_checkpoint_path}")
-        if not clean_vision_tower_from_checkpoint(projector_checkpoint_path):
-            print(f"No vision tower found in {projector_checkpoint_path}")
-            # we break once none is found, so far all models append them at the end
-            # break
-    print("Done! All vision tower tensors are removed from the model files and stored in llava.clip file.")
-
-# Now we look for the projector in the last checkpoint
-model_files = sorted(glob.glob(f"{args.model}/*"), key=os.path.getmtime, reverse=True)
-checkpoint_paths = [path for path in model_files if (path.endswith('.bin') and 'pytorch' in path.split('/')[-1].split('\\')[-1]) or (path.endswith('.safetensors') and 'model' in path.split('/')[-1].split('\\')[-1])]
-# last_checkpoint_path = checkpoint_paths[0]
-# first_checkpoint_path = checkpoint_paths[-1]
-newline_checkpoint_path, projector_checkpoint_path = find_relevant_checkpoints(checkpoint_paths, newline_criteria, proj_criteria)
-
-print(f"Taking projector from {projector_checkpoint_path}")
-first_mm_tensors = []
-first_checkpoint = None
-if newline_checkpoint_path is not None:
-    print(f"Taking newline from {newline_checkpoint_path}")
-    first_checkpoint, file_type = load_model(newline_checkpoint_path)
-    first_mm_tensors = [k for k, v in first_checkpoint.items() if k.startswith("model.image_newline")]
-
-# Load the checkpoint
-mm_tensors = []
-last_checkpoint = None
-if projector_checkpoint_path is not None:
-    last_checkpoint, file_type = load_model(projector_checkpoint_path)
-    mm_tensors = [k for k, v in last_checkpoint.items() if k.startswith("model.mm_projector") or k.startswith("vision_proj.")]
-
-if len(mm_tensors) == 0:
-    if last_checkpoint is not None:
-        for k, v in last_checkpoint.items():
-            print(k)
-    print(f"Found {len(mm_tensors)} tensors to extract out of {len(last_checkpoint)} tensors.")
-    print("No tensors found. Is this a LLaVA model?")
-    exit()
-
-print(f"Found {len(mm_tensors)} tensors to extract.")
-print(f"Found additional {len(first_mm_tensors)} tensors to extract.")
-# projector = {name: checkpoint.[name].float() for name in mm_tensors}
-projector = {}
-for name in mm_tensors:
-    projector[name] = last_checkpoint[name].float()
-for name in first_mm_tensors:
-    projector[name] = first_checkpoint[name].float()
-
-if len(projector) > 0:
-    save_model(projector, f"{args.model}/llava.projector", 'pytorch')
-
-for name in mm_tensors:
-    del last_checkpoint[name]
-for name in first_mm_tensors:
-    del first_checkpoint[name]
-
-if len(mm_tensors) > 0:
-    save_model(last_checkpoint, projector_checkpoint_path, file_type)
-if len(first_mm_tensors) > 0:
-    save_model(first_checkpoint, newline_checkpoint_path, file_type)
-
-print("Done!")
-print(f"Now you can convert {args.model} to a a regular LLaMA GGUF file.")
-print(f"Also, use {args.model}/llava.projector to prepare a llava-encoder.gguf file.")
--- a/examples/llava/llava-surgery.py
+++ b/examples/llava/llava-surgery.py
@@ -42,5 +42,5 @@ if len(clip_tensors) > 0:
 torch.save(checkpoint, path)

 print("Done!")
-print(f"Now you can convert {args.model} to a regular LLaMA GGUF file.")
+print(f"Now you can convert {args.model} to a a regular LLaMA GGUF file.")
 print(f"Also, use {args.model}/llava.projector to prepare a llava-encoder.gguf file.")
--- a/examples/llava/llava.cpp
+++ b/examples/llava/llava.cpp
@@ -2,296 +2,32 @@
 #include "common.h"
 #include "llama.h"
 #include "llava.h"
-#include "base64.hpp"

 #include <cstdio>
 #include <cstdlib>
 #include <vector>
-#include <numeric>
-
-// RGB uint8 image
-struct clip_image_u8 {
-    int nx;
-    int ny;
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> buf;
-};
-
-// RGB float32 image (NHWC)
-// Memory layout: RGBRGBRGB...
-struct clip_image_f32 {
-    int nx;
-    int ny;
-
-    std::vector<float> buf;
-};
-
-struct clip_image_grid_shape {
-    int first;
-    int second;
-};
-
-/**
- * Selects the best resolution from a list of possible resolutions based on the original size.
- *
- * @param original_size The original size of the image in the format (width, height).
- * @param possible_resolutions A list of possible resolutions in the format [(width1, height1), (width2, height2), ...].
- * @return The best fit resolution in the format (width, height).
- */
-static std::pair<int, int> select_best_resolution(const std::pair<int, int>& original_size, const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>>& possible_resolutions) {
-    int original_width  = original_size.first;
-    int original_height = original_size.second;
-
-    std::pair<int, int> best_fit;
-    int max_effective_resolution = 0;
-    int min_wasted_resolution = std::numeric_limits<int>::max();
-
-    for (const auto& resolution : possible_resolutions) {
-        int width = resolution.first;
-        int height = resolution.second;
-        float scale = std::min(static_cast<float>(width) / original_width, static_cast<float>(height) / original_height);
-        int downscaled_width  = static_cast<int>(original_width * scale);
-        int downscaled_height = static_cast<int>(original_height * scale);
-        int effective_resolution = std::min(downscaled_width * downscaled_height, original_width * original_height);
-        int wasted_resolution = (width * height) - effective_resolution;
-        // fprintf(stderr, "resolution: %d %d, scale: %f, downscaled: %d %d, effective: %d, wasted: %d\n", width, height, scale, downscaled_width, downscaled_height, effective_resolution, wasted_resolution);
-        if (effective_resolution > max_effective_resolution || (effective_resolution == max_effective_resolution && wasted_resolution < min_wasted_resolution)) {
-            max_effective_resolution = effective_resolution;
-            min_wasted_resolution = wasted_resolution;
-            best_fit = resolution;
-        }
-    }
-
-    return best_fit;
-}
-
-/**
- * @brief Get the anyres image grid shape object
- *
- * @param image_size
- * @param grid_pinpoints
- * @param image_patch_size
- * @return <int, int>
- */
-static struct clip_image_grid_shape get_anyres_image_grid_shape(const std::pair<int, int> & image_size, const std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> & grid_pinpoints, int image_patch_size) {
-    /**
-        Conversion from gguf flat array to vector:
-        std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> possible_resolutions;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 32 && params.image_grid_pinpoints[i] != 0; i+=2) {
-            possible_resolutions.push_back({params.image_grid_pinpoints[i], params.image_grid_pinpoints[i+1]});
-        }
-     */
-    auto best_resolution = select_best_resolution(image_size, grid_pinpoints);
-    return {best_resolution.first / image_patch_size, best_resolution.second / image_patch_size};
-}
-
-// Take the image segments in a grid configuration and return the embeddings and the number of embeddings into preallocated memory (image_embd_out)
-static bool clip_llava_handle_patches(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, std::vector<float *> & image_embd_v, struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape, float * image_embd_out, int * n_img_pos_out) {
-    struct {
-        struct ggml_tensor * newline;
-        struct ggml_context * ctx;
-    } model;
-
-    const int32_t image_size = clip_image_size(ctx_clip);
-    const int32_t patch_size = clip_patch_size(ctx_clip);
-
-    int32_t num_patches_per_side = image_size / patch_size; // 336 / 14 = 24 - used for embedding-patching boxes (24*24 = 576 patches)
-
-    int num_patches_width  = grid_shape.first;  // grid 1-4
-    int num_patches_height = grid_shape.second; // grid 1-4
-
-    const size_t num_images = num_patches_width * num_patches_height + 1;
-
-    // TODO: size calculation is not calculated - it's only tens of MB
-    size_t ctx_size = 0;
-
-    {
-        ctx_size += clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip) * num_images * 8; // image_features
-        ctx_size += 1024*1024 * ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32);
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_init_params params {
-        /*.mem_size   =*/ ctx_size,
-        /*.mem_buffer =*/ NULL,
-        /*.no_alloc   =*/ false, // NOTE: this should be false when using the legacy API
-    };
-
-    // Python reference code for full unpad:
-    /*
-        base_image_feature = image_feature[0]
-        image_feature = image_feature[1:]
-        image_feature = image_feature.permute(4, 0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
-        image_feature = image_feature.flatten(1, 2).flatten(2, 3)
-        image_feature = unpad_image(image_feature, image_sizes[image_idx])
-        image_feature = torch.cat((
-            image_feature,
-            self.model.image_newline[:, None, None].expand(*image_feature.shape[:-1], 1)
-        ), dim=-1)
-        image_feature = image_feature.flatten(1, 2).transpose(0, 1)
-        image_feature = torch.cat((base_image_feature, image_feature), dim=0)
-    */
-    // We now have two options: unpad or no unpad. Unpad removes tokens for faster llm eval.
-    // In terms of result quality it appears to make no difference, so we'll start with the easier approach given 5D tensors are not supported in ggml yet.
-    // Without unpad we have to split the sub-image embeddings into patches of 24 features each and permute them.
-    // Once all images are processed to prepended the base_image_features without any changes.
-
-    // Pytorch reference simplified, modified for ggml compatibility - confirmed identical output in python (for a 2x2 grid image (676x676 scaling))
-    /*
-        image_feature = image_feature.view(2, 2, 24, 24, 4096)
-        image_feature = image_feature.permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4).contiguous()
-        image_feature = image_feature.view(2, 24, 2, 24, 4096)
-        image_feature = image_feature.flatten(0, 3)
-
-        // Reshape to 4D tensor by merging the last two dimensions
-        image_feature = image_feature.view(2, 2, 24, 24*4096)
-        image_feature = image_feature.permute(0, 2, 1, 3).contiguous()
-        image_feature = image_feature.view(-1, 4096)
-    */
-
-    model.ctx = ggml_init(params);
-
-    ggml_tensor * newline_tmp = clip_get_newline_tensor(ctx_clip);
-    model.newline = ggml_new_tensor_1d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, newline_tmp->ne[0]);
-    if (newline_tmp->backend != GGML_BACKEND_CPU) {
-        if (newline_tmp->buffer == NULL) {
-            printf("newline_tmp tensor buffer is NULL\n");
-        }
-        ggml_backend_tensor_get(newline_tmp, model.newline->data, 0, ggml_nbytes(newline_tmp));
-    } else {
-        model.newline->data = newline_tmp->data;
-        if (model.newline->data == NULL) {
-            printf("newline_tmp tensor data is NULL\n");
-        }
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_tensor * image_features = ggml_new_tensor_3d(model.ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), clip_n_patches(ctx_clip), num_images - 1); // example: 4096 x 576 x 4
-    // ggml_tensor_printf(image_features,"image_features",__LINE__,false,false);
-    // fill it with the image embeddings, ignoring the base
-    for (size_t i = 1; i < num_images; i++) {
-        size_t offset = (i-1) * clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip);
-        memcpy((uint8_t *)(image_features->data) + offset, image_embd_v[i], clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip));
-    }
-
-    struct ggml_cgraph  * gf = ggml_new_graph(model.ctx);
-    size_t size_ele = ggml_type_size(GGML_TYPE_F32);
-
-    struct ggml_tensor *image_features_patchview = ggml_view_4d(model.ctx, image_features,
-                                                                num_patches_per_side * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip),
-                                                                num_patches_per_side,
-                                                                num_patches_width,
-                                                                num_patches_height,
-                                                                size_ele * num_patches_per_side * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip),
-                                                                size_ele * num_patches_per_side * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip) * num_patches_per_side,
-                                                                size_ele * num_patches_per_side * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip) * num_patches_per_side * num_patches_width, 0);
-    // ggml_tensor_printf(image_features_patchview,"image_features_patchview",__LINE__,false,false);
-    struct ggml_tensor *permuted_cont = ggml_cont(model.ctx, ggml_permute(model.ctx, image_features_patchview, 0, 2, 1, 3));
-    /**
-     At the end of each row we have to add the row_end embeddings, which are the same as the newline embeddings
-         image_feature = torch.cat((
-        image_feature,
-        self.model.image_newline[:, None, None].expand(*image_feature.shape[:-1], 1).to(image_feature.device)
-    ), dim=-1)
-     *
-     */
-
-    // ggml_tensor_printf(permuted_cont,"permuted_cont",__LINE__,false,false);
-    struct ggml_tensor *flatten = ggml_view_2d(model.ctx, permuted_cont, clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), num_patches_height * num_patches_width * num_patches_per_side * num_patches_per_side,  size_ele * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), 0);
-    // ggml_tensor_printf(flatten,"flatten",__LINE__,false,false);
-    ggml_build_forward_expand(gf, flatten);
-    ggml_graph_compute_with_ctx(model.ctx, gf, 1);
-    struct ggml_tensor* result = gf->nodes[gf->n_nodes - 1];
-
-    memcpy(image_embd_out, image_embd_v[0], clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // main image as global context
-    // append without newline tokens (default behavior in llava_arch when not using unpad ):
-    memcpy(image_embd_out + clip_n_patches(ctx_clip) * clip_n_mmproj_embd(ctx_clip), (float*)result->data, clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip) * (num_images-1)); // grid patches
-    *n_img_pos_out = static_cast<int>(result->ne[1]+clip_n_patches(ctx_clip));
-
-    // Debug: Test single segments
-    // Current findings: sending base image, sending a segment embedding all works similar to python
-    // However, permuted embeddings do not work yet (stride issue?)
-    // memcpy(image_embd_out, image_embd_v[0], clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // main image as context
-    // memcpy(image_embd_out, (float*)prepared_cont->data, clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // main image as context
-    // *n_img_pos_out=576;
-
-    ggml_free(model.ctx);
-    return true;
-}

+#include "base64.hpp"

 static bool encode_image_with_clip(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const clip_image_u8 * img, float * image_embd, int * n_img_pos) {
-    // std::vector<clip_image_f32*> img_res_v; // format VectN x H x W x RGB (N x 336 x 336 x 3), so interleaved RGB - different to the python implementation which is N x 3 x 336 x 336
-    clip_image_f32_batch img_res_v;
-    img_res_v.size = 0;
-    img_res_v.data = nullptr;
-    if (!clip_image_preprocess(ctx_clip, img, img_res_v)) {
+    clip_image_f32 * img_res = clip_image_f32_init();
+    if (!clip_image_preprocess(ctx_clip, img, img_res, /*pad2square =*/ true)) {
        fprintf(stderr, "%s: unable to preprocess image\n", __func__);
-        delete[] img_res_v.data;
+        clip_image_f32_free(img_res);
        return false;
    }

+    *n_img_pos = clip_n_patches(ctx_clip);
+
    const int64_t t_img_enc_start_us = ggml_time_us();
+    bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, img_res, image_embd);
+    clip_image_f32_free(img_res);
+    if (!encoded) {
+        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to encode image\n");

-    const char * mm_patch_merge_type = clip_patch_merge_type(ctx_clip);
-
-    if (strcmp(mm_patch_merge_type, "spatial_unpad") != 0) {
-        // flat / default llava-1.5 type embedding
-        *n_img_pos = clip_n_patches(ctx_clip);
-        bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[0], image_embd); // image_embd shape is 576 x 4096
-        delete[] img_res_v.data;
-        if (!encoded) {
-            fprintf(stderr, "Unable to encode image\n");
-
-            return false;
-        }
-    } else {
-        // spatial_unpad llava-1.6 type embedding
-        // TODO: CLIP needs batching support - in HF the llm projection is separate after encoding, which might be a solution to quickly get batching working
-        std::vector<float *> image_embd_v;
-        image_embd_v.resize(img_res_v.size);
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < img_res_v.size; i++) {
-            image_embd_v[i] = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)); // 576 patches * 4096 embeddings * 4 bytes = 9437184
-            const bool encoded = clip_image_encode(ctx_clip, n_threads, &img_res_v.data[i], image_embd_v[i]); // image data is in 3x336x336 format and will be converted to 336x336x3 inside
-            if (!encoded) {
-                fprintf(stderr, "Unable to encode image - spatial_unpad - subimage %d of %d\n", (int) i+1, (int) img_res_v.size);
-                return false;
-            }
-        }
-        const int64_t t_img_enc_batch_us = ggml_time_us();
-        printf("%s: %d segments encoded in %8.2f ms\n", __func__, (int)img_res_v.size, (t_img_enc_batch_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0);
-
-        const int32_t * image_grid = clip_image_grid(ctx_clip);
-
-        std::vector<std::pair<int, int>> grid_pinpoints;
-        for (int i = 0; i < 32 && image_grid[i] != 0; i += 2) {
-            grid_pinpoints.push_back({image_grid[i], image_grid[i+1]});
-        }
-
-        // free all img_res_v - not needed anymore
-        delete[] img_res_v.data;
-        img_res_v.size = 0;
-        img_res_v.data = nullptr;
-
-        const int32_t image_size = clip_image_size(ctx_clip);
-
-        struct clip_image_grid_shape grid_shape = get_anyres_image_grid_shape({img->nx,img->ny}, grid_pinpoints, image_size);
-
-        int n_img_pos_out;
-        clip_llava_handle_patches(ctx_clip, image_embd_v, grid_shape, image_embd, &n_img_pos_out);
-        *n_img_pos = n_img_pos_out;
-
-        for (size_t i = 0; i < image_embd_v.size(); i++) {
-            free(image_embd_v[i]);
-        }
-        image_embd_v.clear();
-
-        // debug image/segment/normalization content:
-        // clip_image_u8 * tmp = clip_image_u8_init();
-        // clip_image_convert_f32_to_u8(*image_feature, *tmp);
-        // clip_image_save_to_bmp(*tmp, "image_feature.bmp");
+        return false;
    }

-    printf("%s: image embedding created: %d tokens\n", __func__, *n_img_pos);
-
    const int64_t t_img_enc_end_us = ggml_time_us();
    float t_img_enc_ms = (t_img_enc_end_us - t_img_enc_start_us) / 1000.0;

@@ -312,9 +48,10 @@ bool llava_validate_embed_size(const llama_context * ctx_llama, const clip_ctx *
 }

 static bool llava_image_embed_make_with_clip_img(clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const clip_image_u8 * img, float ** image_embd_out, int * n_img_pos_out) {
-    float * image_embd = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip)*6); // TODO: base on gridsize/llava model
+    float * image_embd = (float *)malloc(clip_embd_nbytes(ctx_clip));
    if (!image_embd) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Unable to allocate memory for image embeddings\n");
+        free(image_embd);
        return false;
    }

@@ -348,7 +85,7 @@ bool llava_eval_image_embed(llama_context * ctx_llama, const struct llava_image_
    return true;
 }

-struct llava_image_embed * llava_image_embed_make_with_bytes(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const unsigned char * image_bytes, int image_bytes_length) {
+LLAVA_API struct llava_image_embed * llava_image_embed_make_with_bytes(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const unsigned char * image_bytes, int image_bytes_length) {
    clip_image_u8 * img = clip_image_u8_init();
    if (!clip_image_load_from_bytes(image_bytes, image_bytes_length, img)) {
        clip_image_u8_free(img);
@@ -405,7 +142,7 @@ static bool load_file_to_bytes(const char* path, unsigned char** bytesOut, long
    return true;
 }

-struct llava_image_embed * llava_image_embed_make_with_filename(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const char * image_path) {
+LLAVA_API struct llava_image_embed * llava_image_embed_make_with_filename(struct clip_ctx * ctx_clip, int n_threads, const char * image_path) {
    unsigned char* image_bytes;
    long image_bytes_length;
    auto loaded = load_file_to_bytes(image_path, &image_bytes, &image_bytes_length);
@@ -414,13 +151,13 @@ struct llava_image_embed * llava_image_embed_make_with_filename(struct clip_ctx
        return NULL;
    }

-    llava_image_embed *embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_bytes(ctx_clip, n_threads, image_bytes, image_bytes_length);
+    auto embed = llava_image_embed_make_with_bytes(ctx_clip, n_threads, image_bytes, image_bytes_length);
    free(image_bytes);

    return embed;
 }

-void llava_image_embed_free(struct llava_image_embed * embed) {
+LLAVA_API void llava_image_embed_free(struct llava_image_embed * embed) {
    free(embed->embed);
    free(embed);
 }
--- a/examples/llava/llava.h
+++ b/examples/llava/llava.h
@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@

 #include "ggml.h"

+
 #ifdef LLAMA_SHARED
 #    if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__MINGW32__)
 #        ifdef LLAMA_BUILD
@@ -41,6 +42,7 @@ LLAVA_API void llava_image_embed_free(struct llava_image_embed * embed);
 /** write the image represented by embed into the llama context with batch size n_batch, starting at context pos n_past. on completion, n_past points to the next position in the context after the image embed. */
 LLAVA_API bool llava_eval_image_embed(struct llama_context * ctx_llama, const struct llava_image_embed * embed, int n_batch, int * n_past);

+
 #ifdef __cplusplus
 }
 #endif
--- a/examples/llava/requirements.txt
+++ b/examples/llava/requirements.txt
@@ -1,3 +0,0 @@
-r ../../requirements/requirements-convert.txt
-pillow~=10.2.0
-torch~=2.1.1
--- a/examples/lookahead/lookahead.cpp
+++ b/examples/lookahead/lookahead.cpp
@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 #endif // LOG_DISABLE_LOGS

    // init llama.cpp
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model = NULL;
    llama_context * ctx = NULL;
--- a/examples/lookup/lookup.cpp
+++ b/examples/lookup/lookup.cpp
@@ -1,9 +1,7 @@
 #include "common.h"
-#include "ggml.h"
 #include "llama.h"

 #include <cmath>
-#include <cstdint>
 #include <cstdio>
 #include <string>
 #include <vector>
@@ -31,8 +29,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv){
 #endif // LOG_DISABLE_LOGS

    // init llama.cpp
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model = NULL;
    llama_context * ctx = NULL;
@@ -76,8 +73,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv){
    int n_drafted = 0;
    int n_accept  = 0;

-    int64_t t_draft_us = 0;
-
    int n_past = inp.size();

    bool has_eos = false;
@@ -165,7 +160,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv){

        // generate n_pred tokens through prompt lookup
        auto prompt_lookup = [&]() -> void {
-            const int inp_size = inp.size();
+            int inp_size = inp.size();
            for (int ngram_size = ngram_max ; ngram_size > ngram_min; --ngram_size){
                const llama_token * ngram = &inp[inp_size - ngram_size];

@@ -196,12 +191,8 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv){
            return;
        };

-        const int64_t t_start_draft_us = ggml_time_us();
-
        prompt_lookup();

-        t_draft_us += ggml_time_us() - t_start_draft_us;
-
        llama_decode(ctx, batch_tgt);
        ++n_past;

@@ -219,8 +210,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv){
    LOG_TEE("n_draft   = %d\n", n_draft);
    LOG_TEE("n_predict = %d\n", n_predict);
    LOG_TEE("n_drafted = %d\n", n_drafted);
-    LOG_TEE("t_draft   = %.2f ms, %.2f us per token, %.2f tokens per second\n",
-            t_draft_us*1e-3, 1.0f*t_draft_us/n_drafted, n_drafted/(1e-6*t_draft_us));
    LOG_TEE("n_accept  = %d\n", n_accept);
    LOG_TEE("accept    = %.3f%%\n", 100.0f * n_accept / n_drafted);

--- a/examples/main/README.md
+++ b/examples/main/README.md
@@ -283,11 +283,7 @@ These options help improve the performance and memory usage of the LLaMA models.

 ### NUMA support

-   `--numa distribute`: Pin an equal proportion of the threads to the cores on each NUMA node. This will spread the load amongst all cores on the system, utilitizing all memory channels at the expense of potentially requiring memory to travel over the slow links between nodes.
-   `--numa isolate`: Pin all threads to the NUMA node that the program starts on. This limits the number of cores and amount of memory that can be used, but guarantees all memory access remains local to the NUMA node.
-   `--numa numactl`: Pin threads to the CPUMAP that is passed to the program by starting it with the numactl utility. This is the most flexible mode, and allow arbitraty core usage patterns, for example a map that uses all the cores on one NUMA nodes, and just enough cores on a second node to saturate the inter-node memory bus.
-
- These flags attempt optimizations that help on some systems with non-uniform memory access. This currently consists of one of the above strategies, and disabling prefetch and readahead for mmap. The latter causes mapped pages to be faulted in on first access instead of all at once, and in combination with pinning threads to NUMA nodes, more of the pages end up on the NUMA node where they are used. Note that if the model is already in the system page cache, for example because of a previous run without this option, this will have little effect unless you drop the page cache first. This can be done by rebooting the system or on Linux by writing '3' to '/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches' as root.
+-   `--numa`: Attempt optimizations that help on some systems with non-uniform memory access. This currently consists of pinning an equal proportion of the threads to the cores on each NUMA node, and disabling prefetch and readahead for mmap. The latter causes mapped pages to be faulted in on first access instead of all at once, and in combination with pinning threads to NUMA nodes, more of the pages end up on the NUMA node where they are used. Note that if the model is already in the system page cache, for example because of a previous run without this option, this will have little effect unless you drop the page cache first. This can be done by rebooting the system or on Linux by writing '3' to '/proc/sys/vm/drop_caches' as root.

 ### Memory Float 32

--- a/examples/main/main.cpp
+++ b/examples/main/main.cpp
@@ -39,17 +39,6 @@ static std::ostringstream       * g_output_ss;
 static std::vector<llama_token> * g_output_tokens;
 static bool is_interacting = false;

-static bool file_exists(const std::string &path) {
-    std::ifstream f(path.c_str());
-    return f.good();
-}
-
-static bool file_is_empty(const std::string &path) {
-    std::ifstream f;
-    f.exceptions(std::ifstream::failbit | std::ifstream::badbit);
-    f.open(path.c_str(), std::ios::in | std::ios::binary | std::ios::ate);
-    return f.tellg() == 0;
-}

 static void write_logfile(
    const llama_context * ctx, const gpt_params & params, const llama_model * model,
@@ -98,7 +87,7 @@ static void write_logfile(
 #if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__)) || defined (_WIN32)
 static void sigint_handler(int signo) {
    if (signo == SIGINT) {
-        if (!is_interacting && g_params->interactive) {
+        if (!is_interacting) {
            is_interacting = true;
        } else {
            console::cleanup();
@@ -185,8 +174,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    }

    LOG("%s: llama backend init\n", __func__);
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model;
    llama_context * ctx;
@@ -227,12 +215,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    if (!path_session.empty()) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: attempting to load saved session from '%s'\n", __func__, path_session.c_str());
-        if (!file_exists(path_session)) {
-            LOG_TEE("%s: session file does not exist, will create.\n", __func__);
-        } else if (file_is_empty(path_session)) {
-            LOG_TEE("%s: The session file is empty. A new session will be initialized.\n", __func__);
-        } else {
-            // The file exists and is not empty
+
+        // fopen to check for existing session
+        FILE * fp = std::fopen(path_session.c_str(), "rb");
+        if (fp != NULL) {
+            std::fclose(fp);
+
            session_tokens.resize(n_ctx);
            size_t n_token_count_out = 0;
            if (!llama_load_session_file(ctx, path_session.c_str(), session_tokens.data(), session_tokens.capacity(), &n_token_count_out)) {
@@ -241,7 +229,10 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
            }
            session_tokens.resize(n_token_count_out);
            llama_set_rng_seed(ctx, params.seed);
-            LOG_TEE("%s: loaded a session with prompt size of %d tokens\n", __func__, (int)session_tokens.size());
+
+            LOG_TEE("%s: loaded a session with prompt size of %d tokens\n", __func__, (int) session_tokens.size());
+        } else {
+            LOG_TEE("%s: session file does not exist, will create\n", __func__);
        }
    }

@@ -353,12 +344,12 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    // in instruct mode, we inject a prefix and a suffix to each input by the user
    if (params.instruct) {
        params.interactive_first = true;
-        params.antiprompt.emplace_back("### Instruction:\n\n");
+        params.antiprompt.push_back("### Instruction:\n\n");
    }
    // similar for chatml mode
    else if (params.chatml) {
        params.interactive_first = true;
-        params.antiprompt.emplace_back("<|im_start|>user\n");
+        params.antiprompt.push_back("<|im_start|>user\n");
    }

    // enable interactive mode if interactive start is specified
@@ -393,8 +384,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        LOG_TEE("\n");
    }

-    // ctrl+C handling
-    {
+    if (params.interactive) {
 #if defined (__unix__) || (defined (__APPLE__) && defined (__MACH__))
        struct sigaction sigint_action;
        sigint_action.sa_handler = sigint_handler;
@@ -407,9 +397,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        };
        SetConsoleCtrlHandler(reinterpret_cast<PHANDLER_ROUTINE>(console_ctrl_handler), true);
 #endif
-    }

-    if (params.interactive) {
        LOG_TEE("%s: interactive mode on.\n", __func__);

        if (!params.antiprompt.empty()) {
--- a/examples/parallel/parallel.cpp
+++ b/examples/parallel/parallel.cpp
@@ -122,8 +122,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 #endif // LOG_DISABLE_LOGS

    // init llama.cpp
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model = NULL;
    llama_context * ctx = NULL;
--- a/examples/passkey/passkey.cpp
+++ b/examples/passkey/passkey.cpp
@@ -71,8 +71,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    // init LLM

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    // initialize the model

--- a/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
+++ b/examples/perplexity/perplexity.cpp
--- a/examples/pydantic-models-to-grammar-examples.py
+++ b/examples/pydantic-models-to-grammar-examples.py
@@ -1,14 +1,14 @@
 # Function calling example using pydantic models.
 import datetime
-import importlib
 import json
 from enum import Enum
-from typing import Optional, Union
+from typing import Union, Optional

 import requests
 from pydantic import BaseModel, Field
-from pydantic_models_to_grammar import (add_run_method_to_dynamic_model, convert_dictionary_to_pydantic_model,
-                                        create_dynamic_model_from_function, generate_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation)
+
+import importlib
+from pydantic_models_to_grammar import generate_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation, convert_dictionary_to_pydantic_model, add_run_method_to_dynamic_model, create_dynamic_model_from_function


 # Function to get completion on the llama.cpp server with grammar.
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ class SendMessageToUser(BaseModel):
        print(self.message)


-# Enum for the calculator tool.
+# Enum for the calculator function.
 class MathOperation(Enum):
    ADD = "add"
    SUBTRACT = "subtract"
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ class MathOperation(Enum):
    DIVIDE = "divide"


-# Simple pydantic calculator tool for the agent that can add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Docstring and description of fields will be used in system prompt.
+# Very simple calculator tool for the agent.
 class Calculator(BaseModel):
    """
    Perform a math operation on two numbers.
@@ -148,6 +148,37 @@ def get_current_datetime(output_format: Optional[str] = None):
    return datetime.datetime.now().strftime(output_format)


+# Enum for the calculator tool.
+class MathOperation(Enum):
+    ADD = "add"
+    SUBTRACT = "subtract"
+    MULTIPLY = "multiply"
+    DIVIDE = "divide"
+
+
+
+# Simple pydantic calculator tool for the agent that can add, subtract, multiply, and divide. Docstring and description of fields will be used in system prompt.
+class Calculator(BaseModel):
+    """
+    Perform a math operation on two numbers.
+    """
+    number_one: Union[int, float] = Field(..., description="First number.")
+    operation: MathOperation = Field(..., description="Math operation to perform.")
+    number_two: Union[int, float] = Field(..., description="Second number.")
+
+    def run(self):
+        if self.operation == MathOperation.ADD:
+            return self.number_one + self.number_two
+        elif self.operation == MathOperation.SUBTRACT:
+            return self.number_one - self.number_two
+        elif self.operation == MathOperation.MULTIPLY:
+            return self.number_one * self.number_two
+        elif self.operation == MathOperation.DIVIDE:
+            return self.number_one / self.number_two
+        else:
+            raise ValueError("Unknown operation.")
+
+
 # Example function to get the weather
 def get_current_weather(location, unit):
    """Get the current weather in a given location"""
--- a/examples/pydantic_models_to_grammar.py
+++ b/examples/pydantic_models_to_grammar.py
@@ -1,21 +1,15 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
 import inspect
 import json
-import re
 from copy import copy
-from enum import Enum
-from inspect import getdoc, isclass
-from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Any, Callable, List, Optional, Union, get_args, get_origin, get_type_hints
+from inspect import isclass, getdoc
+from types import NoneType

 from docstring_parser import parse
-from pydantic import BaseModel, Field, create_model
-
-if TYPE_CHECKING:
-    from types import GenericAlias
-else:
-    # python 3.8 compat
-    from typing import _GenericAlias as GenericAlias
+from pydantic import BaseModel, create_model, Field
+from typing import Any, Type, List, get_args, get_origin, Tuple, Union, Optional, _GenericAlias
+from enum import Enum
+from typing import get_type_hints, Callable
+import re


 class PydanticDataType(Enum):
@@ -49,7 +43,7 @@ class PydanticDataType(Enum):
    SET = "set"


-def map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(pydantic_type: type[Any]) -> str:
+def map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(pydantic_type: Type[Any]) -> str:
    if isclass(pydantic_type) and issubclass(pydantic_type, str):
        return PydanticDataType.STRING.value
    elif isclass(pydantic_type) and issubclass(pydantic_type, bool):
@@ -63,22 +57,22 @@ def map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(pydantic_type: type[Any]) -> str:

    elif isclass(pydantic_type) and issubclass(pydantic_type, BaseModel):
        return format_model_and_field_name(pydantic_type.__name__)
-    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) is list:
+    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) == list:
        element_type = get_args(pydantic_type)[0]
        return f"{map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(element_type)}-list"
-    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) is set:
+    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) == set:
        element_type = get_args(pydantic_type)[0]
        return f"{map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(element_type)}-set"
-    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) is Union:
+    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) == Union:
        union_types = get_args(pydantic_type)
        union_rules = [map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(ut) for ut in union_types]
        return f"union-{'-or-'.join(union_rules)}"
-    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) is Optional:
+    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) == Optional:
        element_type = get_args(pydantic_type)[0]
        return f"optional-{map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(element_type)}"
    elif isclass(pydantic_type):
        return f"{PydanticDataType.CUSTOM_CLASS.value}-{format_model_and_field_name(pydantic_type.__name__)}"
-    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) is dict:
+    elif get_origin(pydantic_type) == dict:
        key_type, value_type = get_args(pydantic_type)
        return f"custom-dict-key-type-{format_model_and_field_name(map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(key_type))}-value-type-{format_model_and_field_name(map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(value_type))}"
    else:
@@ -112,6 +106,7 @@ def get_members_structure(cls, rule_name):
        return f"{cls.__name__.lower()} ::= " + " | ".join(members)
    if cls.__annotations__ and cls.__annotations__ != {}:
        result = f'{rule_name} ::= "{{"'
+        type_list_rules = []
        # Modify this comprehension
        members = [
            f'  "\\"{name}\\"" ":"  {map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(param_type)}'
@@ -121,25 +116,27 @@ def get_members_structure(cls, rule_name):

        result += '"," '.join(members)
        result += '  "}"'
-        return result
-    if rule_name == "custom-class-any":
+        return result, type_list_rules
+    elif rule_name == "custom-class-any":
        result = f"{rule_name} ::= "
        result += "value"
-        return result
+        type_list_rules = []
+        return result, type_list_rules
+    else:
+        init_signature = inspect.signature(cls.__init__)
+        parameters = init_signature.parameters
+        result = f'{rule_name} ::=  "{{"'
+        type_list_rules = []
+        # Modify this comprehension too
+        members = [
+            f'  "\\"{name}\\"" ":"  {map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(param.annotation)}'
+            for name, param in parameters.items()
+            if name != "self" and param.annotation != inspect.Parameter.empty
+        ]

-    init_signature = inspect.signature(cls.__init__)
-    parameters = init_signature.parameters
-    result = f'{rule_name} ::=  "{{"'
-    # Modify this comprehension too
-    members = [
-        f'  "\\"{name}\\"" ":"  {map_pydantic_type_to_gbnf(param.annotation)}'
-        for name, param in parameters.items()
-        if name != "self" and param.annotation != inspect.Parameter.empty
-    ]
-
-    result += '", "'.join(members)
-    result += '  "}"'
-    return result
+        result += '", "'.join(members)
+        result += '  "}"'
+        return result, type_list_rules


 def regex_to_gbnf(regex_pattern: str) -> str:
@@ -272,7 +269,7 @@ def generate_gbnf_float_rules(max_digit=None, min_digit=None, max_precision=None

 def generate_gbnf_rule_for_type(
    model_name, field_name, field_type, is_optional, processed_models, created_rules, field_info=None
-) -> tuple[str, list[str]]:
+) -> Tuple[str, list]:
    """
    Generate GBNF rule for a given field type.

@@ -286,7 +283,7 @@ def generate_gbnf_rule_for_type(
    :param field_info: Additional information about the field (optional).

    :return: Tuple containing the GBNF type and a list of additional rules.
-    :rtype: tuple[str, list]
+    :rtype: Tuple[str, list]
    """
    rules = []

@@ -324,7 +321,8 @@ def generate_gbnf_rule_for_type(
        gbnf_type, rules = model_name + "-" + field_name, rules

    elif gbnf_type.startswith("custom-class-"):
-        rules.append(get_members_structure(field_type, gbnf_type))
+        nested_model_rules, field_types = get_members_structure(field_type, gbnf_type)
+        rules.append(nested_model_rules)
    elif gbnf_type.startswith("custom-dict-"):
        key_type, value_type = get_args(field_type)

@@ -343,14 +341,14 @@ def generate_gbnf_rule_for_type(
        union_rules = []

        for union_type in union_types:
-            if isinstance(union_type, GenericAlias):
+            if isinstance(union_type, _GenericAlias):
                union_gbnf_type, union_rules_list = generate_gbnf_rule_for_type(
                    model_name, field_name, union_type, False, processed_models, created_rules
                )
                union_rules.append(union_gbnf_type)
                rules.extend(union_rules_list)

-            elif not issubclass(union_type, type(None)):
+            elif not issubclass(union_type, NoneType):
                union_gbnf_type, union_rules_list = generate_gbnf_rule_for_type(
                    model_name, field_name, union_type, False, processed_models, created_rules
                )
@@ -426,10 +424,14 @@ def generate_gbnf_rule_for_type(
    else:
        gbnf_type, rules = gbnf_type, []

-    return gbnf_type, rules
+    if gbnf_type not in created_rules:
+        return gbnf_type, rules
+    else:
+        if gbnf_type in created_rules:
+            return gbnf_type, rules


-def generate_gbnf_grammar(model: type[BaseModel], processed_models: set[type[BaseModel]], created_rules: dict[str, list[str]]) -> tuple[list[str], bool]:
+def generate_gbnf_grammar(model: Type[BaseModel], processed_models: set, created_rules: dict) -> (list, bool, bool):
    """

    Generate GBnF Grammar
@@ -450,7 +452,7 @@ def generate_gbnf_grammar(model: type[BaseModel], processed_models: set[type[Bas
    ```
    """
    if model in processed_models:
-        return [], False
+        return []

    processed_models.add(model)
    model_name = format_model_and_field_name(model.__name__)
@@ -516,7 +518,7 @@ def generate_gbnf_grammar(model: type[BaseModel], processed_models: set[type[Bas


 def generate_gbnf_grammar_from_pydantic_models(
-    models: list[type[BaseModel]], outer_object_name: str | None = None, outer_object_content: str | None = None,
+    models: List[Type[BaseModel]], outer_object_name: str = None, outer_object_content: str = None,
    list_of_outputs: bool = False
 ) -> str:
    """
@@ -526,7 +528,7 @@ def generate_gbnf_grammar_from_pydantic_models(
    * grammar.

    Args:
-        models (list[type[BaseModel]]): A list of Pydantic models to generate the grammar from.
+        models (List[Type[BaseModel]]): A list of Pydantic models to generate the grammar from.
        outer_object_name (str): Outer object name for the GBNF grammar. If None, no outer object will be generated. Eg. "function" for function calling.
        outer_object_content (str): Content for the outer rule in the GBNF grammar. Eg. "function_parameters" or "params" for function calling.
        list_of_outputs (str, optional): Allows a list of output objects
@@ -541,9 +543,9 @@ def generate_gbnf_grammar_from_pydantic_models(
        # root ::= UserModel | PostModel
        # ...
    """
-    processed_models: set[type[BaseModel]] = set()
+    processed_models = set()
    all_rules = []
-    created_rules: dict[str, list[str]] = {}
+    created_rules = {}
    if outer_object_name is None:
        for model in models:
            model_rules, _ = generate_gbnf_grammar(model, processed_models, created_rules)
@@ -606,7 +608,7 @@ def get_primitive_grammar(grammar):
    Returns:
        str: GBNF primitive grammar string.
    """
-    type_list: list[type[object]] = []
+    type_list = []
    if "string-list" in grammar:
        type_list.append(str)
    if "boolean-list" in grammar:
@@ -664,14 +666,14 @@ triple-quotes ::= "'''" """


 def generate_markdown_documentation(
-    pydantic_models: list[type[BaseModel]], model_prefix="Model", fields_prefix="Fields",
+    pydantic_models: List[Type[BaseModel]], model_prefix="Model", fields_prefix="Fields",
    documentation_with_field_description=True
 ) -> str:
    """
    Generate markdown documentation for a list of Pydantic models.

    Args:
-        pydantic_models (list[type[BaseModel]]): list of Pydantic model classes.
+        pydantic_models (List[Type[BaseModel]]): List of Pydantic model classes.
        model_prefix (str): Prefix for the model section.
        fields_prefix (str): Prefix for the fields section.
        documentation_with_field_description (bool): Include field descriptions in the documentation.
@@ -729,7 +731,7 @@ def generate_markdown_documentation(


 def generate_field_markdown(
-    field_name: str, field_type: type[Any], model: type[BaseModel], depth=1,
+    field_name: str, field_type: Type[Any], model: Type[BaseModel], depth=1,
    documentation_with_field_description=True
 ) -> str:
    """
@@ -737,8 +739,8 @@ def generate_field_markdown(

    Args:
        field_name (str): Name of the field.
-        field_type (type[Any]): Type of the field.
-        model (type[BaseModel]): Pydantic model class.
+        field_type (Type[Any]): Type of the field.
+        model (Type[BaseModel]): Pydantic model class.
        depth (int): Indentation depth in the documentation.
        documentation_with_field_description (bool): Include field descriptions in the documentation.

@@ -796,7 +798,7 @@ def generate_field_markdown(
    return field_text


-def format_json_example(example: dict[str, Any], depth: int) -> str:
+def format_json_example(example: dict, depth: int) -> str:
    """
    Format a JSON example into a readable string with indentation.

@@ -817,14 +819,14 @@ def format_json_example(example: dict[str, Any], depth: int) -> str:


 def generate_text_documentation(
-    pydantic_models: list[type[BaseModel]], model_prefix="Model", fields_prefix="Fields",
+    pydantic_models: List[Type[BaseModel]], model_prefix="Model", fields_prefix="Fields",
    documentation_with_field_description=True
 ) -> str:
    """
    Generate text documentation for a list of Pydantic models.

    Args:
-        pydantic_models (list[type[BaseModel]]): List of Pydantic model classes.
+        pydantic_models (List[Type[BaseModel]]): List of Pydantic model classes.
        model_prefix (str): Prefix for the model section.
        fields_prefix (str): Prefix for the fields section.
        documentation_with_field_description (bool): Include field descriptions in the documentation.
@@ -883,7 +885,7 @@ def generate_text_documentation(


 def generate_field_text(
-    field_name: str, field_type: type[Any], model: type[BaseModel], depth=1,
+    field_name: str, field_type: Type[Any], model: Type[BaseModel], depth=1,
    documentation_with_field_description=True
 ) -> str:
    """
@@ -891,8 +893,8 @@ def generate_field_text(

    Args:
        field_name (str): Name of the field.
-        field_type (type[Any]): Type of the field.
-        model (type[BaseModel]): Pydantic model class.
+        field_type (Type[Any]): Type of the field.
+        model (Type[BaseModel]): Pydantic model class.
        depth (int): Indentation depth in the documentation.
        documentation_with_field_description (bool): Include field descriptions in the documentation.

@@ -1015,8 +1017,8 @@ def generate_and_save_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation(
    pydantic_model_list,
    grammar_file_path="./generated_grammar.gbnf",
    documentation_file_path="./generated_grammar_documentation.md",
-    outer_object_name: str | None = None,
-    outer_object_content: str | None = None,
+    outer_object_name: str = None,
+    outer_object_content: str = None,
    model_prefix: str = "Output Model",
    fields_prefix: str = "Output Fields",
    list_of_outputs: bool = False,
@@ -1051,8 +1053,8 @@ def generate_and_save_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation(

 def generate_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation(
    pydantic_model_list,
-    outer_object_name: str | None = None,
-    outer_object_content: str | None = None,
+    outer_object_name: str = None,
+    outer_object_content: str = None,
    model_prefix: str = "Output Model",
    fields_prefix: str = "Output Fields",
    list_of_outputs: bool = False,
@@ -1084,9 +1086,9 @@ def generate_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation(


 def generate_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation_from_dictionaries(
-    dictionaries: list[dict[str, Any]],
-    outer_object_name: str | None = None,
-    outer_object_content: str | None = None,
+    dictionaries: List[dict],
+    outer_object_name: str = None,
+    outer_object_content: str = None,
    model_prefix: str = "Output Model",
    fields_prefix: str = "Output Fields",
    list_of_outputs: bool = False,
@@ -1096,7 +1098,7 @@ def generate_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation_from_dictionaries(
    Generate GBNF grammar and documentation from a list of dictionaries.

    Args:
-        dictionaries (list[dict]): List of dictionaries representing Pydantic models.
+        dictionaries (List[dict]): List of dictionaries representing Pydantic models.
        outer_object_name (str): Outer object name for the GBNF grammar. If None, no outer object will be generated. Eg. "function" for function calling.
        outer_object_content (str): Content for the outer rule in the GBNF grammar. Eg. "function_parameters" or "params" for function calling.
        model_prefix (str): Prefix for the model section in the documentation.
@@ -1118,7 +1120,7 @@ def generate_gbnf_grammar_and_documentation_from_dictionaries(
    return grammar, documentation


-def create_dynamic_model_from_function(func: Callable[..., Any]):
+def create_dynamic_model_from_function(func: Callable):
    """
    Creates a dynamic Pydantic model from a given function's type hints and adds the function as a 'run' method.

@@ -1133,7 +1135,6 @@ def create_dynamic_model_from_function(func: Callable[..., Any]):
    sig = inspect.signature(func)

    # Parse the docstring
-    assert func.__doc__ is not None
    docstring = parse(func.__doc__)

    dynamic_fields = {}
@@ -1156,6 +1157,7 @@ def create_dynamic_model_from_function(func: Callable[..., Any]):
                f"Parameter '{param.name}' in function '{func.__name__}' lacks a description in the docstring")

        # Add parameter details to the schema
+        param_doc = next((d for d in docstring.params if d.arg_name == param.name), None)
        param_docs.append((param.name, param_doc))
        if param.default == inspect.Parameter.empty:
            default_value = ...
@@ -1164,10 +1166,10 @@ def create_dynamic_model_from_function(func: Callable[..., Any]):
        dynamic_fields[param.name] = (
            param.annotation if param.annotation != inspect.Parameter.empty else str, default_value)
    # Creating the dynamic model
-    dynamic_model = create_model(f"{func.__name__}", **dynamic_fields)  # type: ignore[call-overload]
+    dynamic_model = create_model(f"{func.__name__}", **dynamic_fields)

-    for name, param_doc in param_docs:
-        dynamic_model.model_fields[name].description = param_doc.description
+    for param_doc in param_docs:
+        dynamic_model.model_fields[param_doc[0]].description = param_doc[1].description

    dynamic_model.__doc__ = docstring.short_description

@@ -1180,16 +1182,16 @@ def create_dynamic_model_from_function(func: Callable[..., Any]):
    return dynamic_model


-def add_run_method_to_dynamic_model(model: type[BaseModel], func: Callable[..., Any]):
+def add_run_method_to_dynamic_model(model: Type[BaseModel], func: Callable):
    """
    Add a 'run' method to a dynamic Pydantic model, using the provided function.

    Args:
-        model (type[BaseModel]): Dynamic Pydantic model class.
+        model (Type[BaseModel]): Dynamic Pydantic model class.
        func (Callable): Function to be added as a 'run' method to the model.

    Returns:
-        type[BaseModel]: Pydantic model class with the added 'run' method.
+        Type[BaseModel]: Pydantic model class with the added 'run' method.
    """

    def run_method_wrapper(self):
@@ -1202,15 +1204,15 @@ def add_run_method_to_dynamic_model(model: type[BaseModel], func: Callable[...,
    return model


-def create_dynamic_models_from_dictionaries(dictionaries: list[dict[str, Any]]):
+def create_dynamic_models_from_dictionaries(dictionaries: List[dict]):
    """
    Create a list of dynamic Pydantic model classes from a list of dictionaries.

    Args:
-        dictionaries (list[dict]): List of dictionaries representing model structures.
+        dictionaries (List[dict]): List of dictionaries representing model structures.

    Returns:
-        list[type[BaseModel]]: List of generated dynamic Pydantic model classes.
+        List[Type[BaseModel]]: List of generated dynamic Pydantic model classes.
    """
    dynamic_models = []
    for func in dictionaries:
@@ -1247,7 +1249,7 @@ def list_to_enum(enum_name, values):
    return Enum(enum_name, {value: value for value in values})


-def convert_dictionary_to_pydantic_model(dictionary: dict[str, Any], model_name: str = "CustomModel") -> type[Any]:
+def convert_dictionary_to_pydantic_model(dictionary: dict, model_name: str = "CustomModel") -> Type[BaseModel]:
    """
    Convert a dictionary to a Pydantic model class.

@@ -1256,9 +1258,9 @@ def convert_dictionary_to_pydantic_model(dictionary: dict[str, Any], model_name:
        model_name (str): Name of the generated Pydantic model.

    Returns:
-        type[BaseModel]: Generated Pydantic model class.
+        Type[BaseModel]: Generated Pydantic model class.
    """
-    fields: dict[str, Any] = {}
+    fields = {}

    if "properties" in dictionary:
        for field_name, field_data in dictionary.get("properties", {}).items():
@@ -1275,7 +1277,7 @@ def convert_dictionary_to_pydantic_model(dictionary: dict[str, Any], model_name:
                    if items != {}:
                        array = {"properties": items}
                        array_type = convert_dictionary_to_pydantic_model(array, f"{model_name}_{field_name}_items")
-                        fields[field_name] = (List[array_type], ...)  # type: ignore[valid-type]
+                        fields[field_name] = (List[array_type], ...)
                    else:
                        fields[field_name] = (list, ...)
                elif field_type == "object":
--- a/examples/quantize-stats/quantize-stats.cpp
+++ b/examples/quantize-stats/quantize-stats.cpp
@@ -257,13 +257,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params.include_layers.emplace_back(argv[i]);
+            params.include_layers.push_back(argv[i]);
        } else if (arg == "-L" || arg == "--exclude-layer") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
                break;
            }
-            params.exclude_layers.emplace_back(argv[i]);
+            params.exclude_layers.push_back(argv[i]);
        } else if (arg == "-t" || arg == "--type") {
            if (++i >= argc) {
                invalid_param = true;
@@ -378,8 +378,6 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
                printf("testing %s ...\n",  ggml_type_name(type));
            }

-            ggml_quantize_init(type);
-
            error_stats global_stats {};

            for (const auto& kv_tensor : tensors) {
--- a/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
+++ b/examples/quantize/quantize.cpp
@@ -25,9 +25,7 @@ static const std::vector<struct quant_option> QUANT_OPTIONS = {
    { "IQ2_XS", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ2_XS, " 2.31 bpw quantization",            },
    { "Q2_K",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K,   " 2.63G, +0.6717 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
    { "Q2_K_S", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q2_K_S, " 2.16G, +9.0634 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
-    { "IQ3_XXS",LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_IQ3_XXS," 3.06 bpw quantization",            },
    { "Q3_K",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M, "alias for Q3_K_M" },
-    { "Q3_K_XS",LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_XS,"3-bit extra small quantization"   , },
    { "Q3_K_S", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_S, " 2.75G, +0.5551 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
    { "Q3_K_M", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_M, " 3.07G, +0.2496 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
    { "Q3_K_L", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q3_K_L, " 3.35G, +0.1764 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
@@ -37,7 +35,7 @@ static const std::vector<struct quant_option> QUANT_OPTIONS = {
    { "Q5_K",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M, "alias for Q5_K_M", },
    { "Q5_K_S", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_S, " 4.33G, +0.0400 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
    { "Q5_K_M", LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q5_K_M, " 4.45G, +0.0122 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
-    { "Q6_K",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K,   " 5.15G, +0.0008 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
+    { "Q6_K",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q6_K,   " 5.15G, -0.0008 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
    { "Q8_0",   LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_Q8_0,   " 6.70G, +0.0004 ppl @ LLaMA-v1-7B", },
    { "F16",    LLAMA_FTYPE_MOSTLY_F16,    "13.00G              @ 7B", },
    { "F32",    LLAMA_FTYPE_ALL_F32,       "26.00G              @ 7B", },
@@ -208,13 +206,13 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
            }
        } else if (strcmp(argv[arg_idx], "--include-weights") == 0) {
            if (arg_idx < argc-1) {
-                included_weights.emplace_back(argv[++arg_idx]);
+                included_weights.push_back(argv[++arg_idx]);
            } else {
                usage(argv[0]);
            }
        } else if (strcmp(argv[arg_idx], "--exclude-weights") == 0) {
            if (arg_idx < argc-1) {
-                excluded_weights.emplace_back(argv[++arg_idx]);
+                excluded_weights.push_back(argv[++arg_idx]);
            } else {
                usage(argv[0]);
            }
@@ -237,7 +235,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        params.imatrix = &imatrix_data;
    }

-    llama_backend_init();
+    llama_backend_init(false);

    // parse command line arguments
    const std::string fname_inp = argv[arg_idx];
--- a/examples/server/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/server/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 set(TARGET server)
 option(LLAMA_SERVER_VERBOSE "Build verbose logging option for Server" ON)
 include_directories(${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR})
-add_executable(${TARGET} server.cpp oai.hpp utils.hpp json.hpp httplib.h)
+add_executable(${TARGET} server.cpp json.hpp httplib.h)
 install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
 target_compile_definitions(${TARGET} PRIVATE
    SERVER_VERBOSE=$<BOOL:${LLAMA_SERVER_VERBOSE}>
--- a/examples/server/README.md
+++ b/examples/server/README.md
@@ -4,41 +4,32 @@ This example demonstrates a simple HTTP API server and a simple web front end to

 Command line options:

- `--threads N`, `-t N`: Set the number of threads to use during generation.
- `-tb N, --threads-batch N`: Set the number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing. If not specified, the number of threads will be set to the number of threads used for generation.
- `-m FNAME`, `--model FNAME`: Specify the path to the LLaMA model file (e.g., `models/7B/ggml-model.gguf`).
- `-a ALIAS`, `--alias ALIAS`: Set an alias for the model. The alias will be returned in API responses.
- `-c N`, `--ctx-size N`: Set the size of the prompt context. The default is 512, but LLaMA models were built with a context of 2048, which will provide better results for longer input/inference. The size may differ in other models, for example, baichuan models were build with a context of 4096.
- `-ngl N`, `--n-gpu-layers N`: When compiled with appropriate support (currently CLBlast or cuBLAS), this option allows offloading some layers to the GPU for computation. Generally results in increased performance.
- `-mg i, --main-gpu i`: When using multiple GPUs this option controls which GPU is used for small tensors for which the overhead of splitting the computation across all GPUs is not worthwhile. The GPU in question will use slightly more VRAM to store a scratch buffer for temporary results. By default GPU 0 is used. Requires cuBLAS.
- `-ts SPLIT, --tensor-split SPLIT`: When using multiple GPUs this option controls how large tensors should be split across all GPUs. `SPLIT` is a comma-separated list of non-negative values that assigns the proportion of data that each GPU should get in order. For example, "3,2" will assign 60% of the data to GPU 0 and 40% to GPU 1. By default the data is split in proportion to VRAM but this may not be optimal for performance. Requires cuBLAS.
- `-b N`, `--batch-size N`: Set the batch size for prompt processing. Default: `512`.
- `--memory-f32`: Use 32-bit floats instead of 16-bit floats for memory key+value. Not recommended.
- `--mlock`: Lock the model in memory, preventing it from being swapped out when memory-mapped.
- `--no-mmap`: Do not memory-map the model. By default, models are mapped into memory, which allows the system to load only the necessary parts of the model as needed.
- `--numa STRATEGY`: Attempt one of the below optimization strategies  that help on some NUMA systems
- `--numa distribute`: Spread execution evenly over all nodes
- `--numa isolate`: Only spawn threads on CPUs on the node that execution started on
- `--numa numactl`: Use the CPU map provided by numactl
-if run without this previously, it is recommended to drop the system page cache before using this
-see https://github.com/ggerganov/llama.cpp/issues/1437
-
- `--numa`: Attempt optimizations that help on some NUMA systems.
- `--lora FNAME`: Apply a LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) adapter to the model (implies --no-mmap). This allows you to adapt the pretrained model to specific tasks or domains.
- `--lora-base FNAME`: Optional model to use as a base for the layers modified by the LoRA adapter. This flag is used in conjunction with the `--lora` flag, and specifies the base model for the adaptation.
- `-to N`, `--timeout N`: Server read/write timeout in seconds. Default `600`.
- `--host`: Set the hostname or ip address to listen. Default `127.0.0.1`.
- `--port`: Set the port to listen. Default: `8080`.
- `--path`: path from which to serve static files (default examples/server/public)
- `--api-key`: Set an api key for request authorization. By default the server responds to every request. With an api key set, the requests must have the Authorization header set with the api key as Bearer token. May be used multiple times to enable multiple valid keys.
- `--api-key-file`: path to file containing api keys delimited by new lines. If set, requests must include one of the keys for access. May be used in conjunction with `--api-key`'s.
- `--embedding`: Enable embedding extraction, Default: disabled.
- `-np N`, `--parallel N`: Set the number of slots for process requests (default: 1)
- `-cb`, `--cont-batching`: enable continuous batching (a.k.a dynamic batching) (default: disabled)
- `-spf FNAME`, `--system-prompt-file FNAME` Set a file to load "a system prompt (initial prompt of all slots), this is useful for chat applications. [See more](#change-system-prompt-on-runtime)
- `--mmproj MMPROJ_FILE`: Path to a multimodal projector file for LLaVA.
- `--grp-attn-n`: Set the group attention factor to extend context size through self-extend(default: 1=disabled), used together with group attention width `--grp-attn-w`
- `--grp-attn-w`: Set the group attention width to extend context size through self-extend(default: 512), used together with group attention factor `--grp-attn-n`
+-   `--threads N`, `-t N`: Set the number of threads to use during generation.
+-   `-tb N, --threads-batch N`: Set the number of threads to use during batch and prompt processing. If not specified, the number of threads will be set to the number of threads used for generation.
+-   `-m FNAME`, `--model FNAME`: Specify the path to the LLaMA model file (e.g., `models/7B/ggml-model.gguf`).
+-   `-a ALIAS`, `--alias ALIAS`: Set an alias for the model. The alias will be returned in API responses.
+-   `-c N`, `--ctx-size N`: Set the size of the prompt context. The default is 512, but LLaMA models were built with a context of 2048, which will provide better results for longer input/inference. The size may differ in other models, for example, baichuan models were build with a context of 4096.
+-   `-ngl N`, `--n-gpu-layers N`: When compiled with appropriate support (currently CLBlast or cuBLAS), this option allows offloading some layers to the GPU for computation. Generally results in increased performance.
+-   `-mg i, --main-gpu i`: When using multiple GPUs this option controls which GPU is used for small tensors for which the overhead of splitting the computation across all GPUs is not worthwhile. The GPU in question will use slightly more VRAM to store a scratch buffer for temporary results. By default GPU 0 is used. Requires cuBLAS.
+-   `-ts SPLIT, --tensor-split SPLIT`: When using multiple GPUs this option controls how large tensors should be split across all GPUs. `SPLIT` is a comma-separated list of non-negative values that assigns the proportion of data that each GPU should get in order. For example, "3,2" will assign 60% of the data to GPU 0 and 40% to GPU 1. By default the data is split in proportion to VRAM but this may not be optimal for performance. Requires cuBLAS.
+-   `-b N`, `--batch-size N`: Set the batch size for prompt processing. Default: `512`.
+-   `--memory-f32`: Use 32-bit floats instead of 16-bit floats for memory key+value. Not recommended.
+-   `--mlock`: Lock the model in memory, preventing it from being swapped out when memory-mapped.
+-   `--no-mmap`: Do not memory-map the model. By default, models are mapped into memory, which allows the system to load only the necessary parts of the model as needed.
+-   `--numa`: Attempt optimizations that help on some NUMA systems.
+-   `--lora FNAME`: Apply a LoRA (Low-Rank Adaptation) adapter to the model (implies --no-mmap). This allows you to adapt the pretrained model to specific tasks or domains.
+-   `--lora-base FNAME`: Optional model to use as a base for the layers modified by the LoRA adapter. This flag is used in conjunction with the `--lora` flag, and specifies the base model for the adaptation.
+-   `-to N`, `--timeout N`: Server read/write timeout in seconds. Default `600`.
+-   `--host`: Set the hostname or ip address to listen. Default `127.0.0.1`.
+-   `--port`: Set the port to listen. Default: `8080`.
+-   `--path`: path from which to serve static files (default examples/server/public)
+-   `--api-key`: Set an api key for request authorization. By default the server responds to every request. With an api key set, the requests must have the Authorization header set with the api key as Bearer token. May be used multiple times to enable multiple valid keys.
+-   `--api-key-file`: path to file containing api keys delimited by new lines. If set, requests must include one of the keys for access. May be used in conjunction with `--api-key`'s.
+-   `--embedding`: Enable embedding extraction, Default: disabled.
+-   `-np N`, `--parallel N`: Set the number of slots for process requests (default: 1)
+-   `-cb`, `--cont-batching`: enable continuous batching (a.k.a dynamic batching) (default: disabled)
+-   `-spf FNAME`, `--system-prompt-file FNAME` Set a file to load "a system prompt (initial prompt of all slots), this is useful for chat applications. [See more](#change-system-prompt-on-runtime)
+-   `--mmproj MMPROJ_FILE`: Path to a multimodal projector file for LLaVA.

 ## Build

@@ -60,30 +51,20 @@ server is build alongside everything else from the root of the project

 To get started right away, run the following command, making sure to use the correct path for the model you have:

-### Unix-based systems (Linux, macOS, etc.)
+### Unix-based systems (Linux, macOS, etc.):

 ```bash
 ./server -m models/7B/ggml-model.gguf -c 2048
 ```

-### Windows
+### Windows:

 ```powershell
 server.exe -m models\7B\ggml-model.gguf -c 2048
 ```
-
 The above command will start a server that by default listens on `127.0.0.1:8080`.
 You can consume the endpoints with Postman or NodeJS with axios library. You can visit the web front end at the same url.

-### Docker
-
-```bash
-docker run -p 8080:8080 -v /path/to/models:/models ggerganov/llama.cpp:server -m models/7B/ggml-model.gguf -c 512 --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080
-
-# or, with CUDA:
-docker run -p 8080:8080 -v /path/to/models:/models --gpus all ggerganov/llama.cpp:server-cuda -m models/7B/ggml-model.gguf -c 512 --host 0.0.0.0 --port 8080 --n-gpu-layers 99
-```
-
 ## Testing with CURL

 Using [curl](https://curl.se/). On Windows `curl.exe` should be available in the base OS.
@@ -130,13 +111,12 @@ node index.js
 ```

 ## API Endpoints
-
 - **GET** `/health`: Returns the current state of the server:
-  - `{"status": "loading model"}` if the model is still being loaded.
-  - `{"status": "error"}` if the model failed to load.
-  - `{"status": "ok"}` if the model is successfully loaded and the server is ready for further requests mentioned below.
+    - `{"status": "loading model"}` if the model is still being loaded.
+    - `{"status": "error"}` if the model failed to load.
+    - `{"status": "ok"}` if the model is successfully loaded and the server is ready for further requests mentioned below.

- **POST** `/completion`: Given a `prompt`, it returns the predicted completion.
+-   **POST** `/completion`: Given a `prompt`, it returns the predicted completion.

    *Options:*

@@ -144,10 +124,6 @@ node index.js

    `temperature`: Adjust the randomness of the generated text (default: 0.8).

-    `dynatemp_range`: Dynamic temperature range (default: 0.0, 0.0 = disabled).
-
-    `dynatemp_exponent`: Dynamic temperature exponent (default: 1.0).
-
    `top_k`: Limit the next token selection to the K most probable tokens (default: 40).

    `top_p`: Limit the next token selection to a subset of tokens with a cumulative probability above a threshold P (default: 0.95).
@@ -192,7 +168,7 @@ node index.js

    `ignore_eos`: Ignore end of stream token and continue generating (default: false).

-    `logit_bias`: Modify the likelihood of a token appearing in the generated text completion. For example, use `"logit_bias": [[15043,1.0]]` to increase the likelihood of the token 'Hello', or `"logit_bias": [[15043,-1.0]]` to decrease its likelihood. Setting the value to false, `"logit_bias": [[15043,false]]` ensures that the token `Hello` is never produced. The tokens can also be represented as strings, e.g. `[["Hello, World!",-0.5]]` will reduce the likelihood of all the individual tokens that represent the string `Hello, World!`, just like the `presence_penalty` does. (default: []).
+    `logit_bias`: Modify the likelihood of a token appearing in the generated text completion. For example, use `"logit_bias": [[15043,1.0]]` to increase the likelihood of the token 'Hello', or `"logit_bias": [[15043,-1.0]]` to decrease its likelihood. Setting the value to false, `"logit_bias": [[15043,false]]` ensures that the token `Hello` is never produced (default: []).

    `n_probs`: If greater than 0, the response also contains the probabilities of top N tokens for each generated token (default: 0)

@@ -204,15 +180,14 @@ node index.js

    `system_prompt`: Change the system prompt (initial prompt of all slots), this is useful for chat applications. [See more](#change-system-prompt-on-runtime)

-    `samplers`: The order the samplers should be applied in. An array of strings representing sampler type names. If a sampler is not set, it will not be used. If a sampler is specified more than once, it will be applied multiple times. (default: `["top_k", "tfs_z", "typical_p", "top_p", "min_p", "temperature"]` - these are all the available values)
+### Result JSON:

-### Result JSON
+* Note: When using streaming mode (`stream`) only `content` and `stop` will be returned until end of completion.

- Note: When using streaming mode (`stream`) only `content` and `stop` will be returned until end of completion.

 - `completion_probabilities`: An array of token probabilities for each completion. The array's length is `n_predict`. Each item in the array has the following structure:

-```json
+```
 {
  "content": "<the token selected by the model>",
  "probs": [
@@ -228,7 +203,6 @@ node index.js
  ]
 },
 ```
-
 Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.

 - `content`: Completion result as a string (excluding `stopping_word` if any). In case of streaming mode, will contain the next token as a string.
@@ -245,7 +219,7 @@ Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.
 - `tokens_evaluated`: Number of tokens evaluated in total from the prompt
 - `truncated`: Boolean indicating if the context size was exceeded during generation, i.e. the number of tokens provided in the prompt (`tokens_evaluated`) plus tokens generated (`tokens predicted`) exceeded the context size (`n_ctx`)

- **POST** `/tokenize`: Tokenize a given text.
+-   **POST** `/tokenize`: Tokenize a given text.

    *Options:*

@@ -253,13 +227,13 @@ Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.

    Note that the special `BOS` token is not added in front of the text and also a space character is not inserted automatically as it is for `/completion`.

- **POST** `/detokenize`: Convert tokens to text.
+-   **POST** `/detokenize`: Convert tokens to text.

    *Options:*

    `tokens`: Set the tokens to detokenize.

- **POST** `/embedding`: Generate embedding of a given text just as [the embedding example](../embedding) does.
+-   **POST** `/embedding`: Generate embedding of a given text just as [the embedding example](../embedding) does.

    *Options:*

@@ -267,7 +241,7 @@ Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.

    `image_data`: An array of objects to hold base64-encoded image `data` and its `id`s to be reference in `content`. You can determine the place of the image in the content as in the following: `Image: [img-21].\nCaption: This is a picture of a house`. In this case, `[img-21]` will be replaced by the embeddings of the image with id `21` in the following `image_data` array: `{..., "image_data": [{"data": "<BASE64_STRING>", "id": 21}]}`. Use `image_data` only with multimodal models, e.g., LLaVA.

- **POST** `/infill`: For code infilling. Takes a prefix and a suffix and returns the predicted completion as stream.
+-   **POST** `/infill`: For code infilling. Takes a prefix and a suffix and returns the predicted completion as stream.

    *Options:*

@@ -277,25 +251,9 @@ Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.

    It also accepts all the options of `/completion` except `stream` and `prompt`.

- **GET** `/props`: Return current server settings.
+-   **GET** `/props`: Return the required assistant name and anti-prompt to generate the prompt in case you have specified a system prompt for all slots.

-### Result JSON
-
-```json
-{
-  "assistant_name": "",
-  "user_name": "",
-  "default_generation_settings": { ... },
-  "total_slots": 1
-}
-```
-
- `assistant_name` - the required assistant name to generate the prompt in case you have specified a system prompt for all slots.
- `user_name` - the required anti-prompt to generate the prompt in case you have specified a system prompt for all slots.
- `default_generation_settings` - the default generation settings for the `/completion` endpoint, has the same fields as the `generation_settings` response object from the `/completion` endpoint.
- `total_slots` - the total number of slots for process requests (defined by `--parallel` option)
-
- **POST** `/v1/chat/completions`: OpenAI-compatible Chat Completions API. Given a ChatML-formatted json description in `messages`, it returns the predicted completion. Both synchronous and streaming mode are supported, so scripted and interactive applications work fine. While no strong claims of compatibility with OpenAI API spec is being made, in our experience it suffices to support many apps. Only ChatML-tuned models, such as Dolphin, OpenOrca, OpenHermes, OpenChat-3.5, etc can be used with this endpoint. Compared to `api_like_OAI.py` this API implementation does not require a wrapper to be served.
+-   **POST** `/v1/chat/completions`: OpenAI-compatible Chat Completions API. Given a ChatML-formatted json description in `messages`, it returns the predicted completion. Both synchronous and streaming mode are supported, so scripted and interactive applications work fine. While no strong claims of compatibility with OpenAI API spec is being made, in our experience it suffices to support many apps. Only ChatML-tuned models, such as Dolphin, OpenOrca, OpenHermes, OpenChat-3.5, etc can be used with this endpoint. Compared to `api_like_OAI.py` this API implementation does not require a wrapper to be served.

    *Options:*

@@ -323,7 +281,6 @@ Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.

    print(completion.choices[0].message)
    ```
-
    ... or raw HTTP requests:

    ```shell
@@ -345,40 +302,6 @@ Notice that each `probs` is an array of length `n_probs`.
    }'
    ```

- **POST** `/v1/embeddings`: OpenAI-compatible embeddings API.
-
-    *Options:*
-
-    See [OpenAI Embeddings API documentation](https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/embeddings).
-
-    *Examples:*
-
-  - input as string
-
-    ```shell
-    curl http://localhost:8080/v1/embeddings \
-    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-    -H "Authorization: Bearer no-key" \
-    -d '{
-            "input": "hello",
-            "model":"GPT-4",
-            "encoding_format": "float"
-    }'
-    ```
-
-  - `input` as string array
-
-    ```shell
-    curl http://localhost:8080/v1/embeddings \
-    -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
-    -H "Authorization: Bearer no-key" \
-    -d '{
-            "input": ["hello", "world"],
-            "model":"GPT-4",
-            "encoding_format": "float"
-    }'
-    ```
-
 ## More examples

 ### Change system prompt on runtime
@@ -430,7 +353,6 @@ python api_like_OAI.py
 ```

 After running the API server, you can use it in Python by setting the API base URL.
-
 ```python
 openai.api_base = "http://<Your api-server IP>:port"
 ```
--- a/examples/server/chat.sh
+++ b/examples/server/chat.sh
@@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ chat_completion() {
        top_p: 0.9,
        n_keep: $n_keep,
        n_predict: 256,
-        cache_prompt: true,
        stop: ["\n### Human:"],
        stream: true
    }')"
--- a/examples/server/completion.js.hpp
+++ b/examples/server/completion.js.hpp
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-  0x6f, 0x20, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x2e, 0x0a, 0x65, 0x78, 0x70, 0x6f, 0x72, 0x74,
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-  0x4d, 0x6f, 0x64, 0x65, 0x6c, 0x49, 0x6e, 0x66, 0x6f, 0x20, 0x3d, 0x20,
-  0x61, 0x73, 0x79, 0x6e, 0x63, 0x20, 0x28, 0x29, 0x20, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x20,
-  0x7b, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x69, 0x66, 0x20, 0x28, 0x21, 0x67, 0x65, 0x6e,
-  0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x74,
-  0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x73, 0x29, 0x20, 0x7b, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
-  0x63, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x73, 0x74, 0x20, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x73, 0x20,
-  0x3d, 0x20, 0x61, 0x77, 0x61, 0x69, 0x74, 0x20, 0x66, 0x65, 0x74, 0x63,
-  0x68, 0x28, 0x22, 0x2f, 0x70, 0x72, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x73, 0x22, 0x29, 0x2e,
-  0x74, 0x68, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x28, 0x72, 0x20, 0x3d, 0x3e, 0x20, 0x72, 0x2e,
-  0x6a, 0x73, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x28, 0x29, 0x29, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x20,
-  0x20, 0x67, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x5f,
-  0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x73, 0x20, 0x3d, 0x20, 0x70,
-  0x72, 0x6f, 0x70, 0x73, 0x2e, 0x64, 0x65, 0x66, 0x61, 0x75, 0x6c, 0x74,
-  0x5f, 0x67, 0x65, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x5f,
-  0x73, 0x65, 0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x73, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20,
-  0x7d, 0x0a, 0x20, 0x20, 0x72, 0x65, 0x74, 0x75, 0x72, 0x6e, 0x20, 0x67,
-  0x65, 0x6e, 0x65, 0x72, 0x61, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6f, 0x6e, 0x5f, 0x73, 0x65,
-  0x74, 0x74, 0x69, 0x6e, 0x67, 0x73, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x7d, 0x0a
+  0x67, 0x73, 0x3b, 0x0a, 0x7d, 0x0a
 };
-unsigned int completion_js_len = 5782;
+unsigned int completion_js_len = 5346;
--- a/examples/server/oai.hpp
+++ b/examples/server/oai.hpp
@@ -1,227 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <set>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-#include "json.hpp"
-#include "utils.hpp"
-
-#define DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL "gpt-3.5-turbo-0613"
-
-using json = nlohmann::json;
-
-inline static json oaicompat_completion_params_parse(
-    const json &body, /* openai api json semantics */
-    const std::string &chat_template)
-{
-    json llama_params;
-    std::string formatted_prompt = chat_template == "chatml"
-        ? format_chatml(body["messages"])  // OpenAI 'messages' to chatml (with <|im_start|>,...)
-        : format_llama2(body["messages"]); // OpenAI 'messages' to llama2 (with [INST],...)
-
-    llama_params["__oaicompat"] = true;
-
-    // Map OpenAI parameters to llama.cpp parameters
-    //
-    // For parameters that are defined by the OpenAI documentation (e.g.
-    // temperature), we explicitly specify OpenAI's intended default; we
-    // need to do that because sometimes OpenAI disagrees with llama.cpp
-    //
-    // https://platform.openai.com/docs/api-reference/chat/create
-    llama_sampling_params default_sparams;
-    llama_params["model"]             = json_value(body, "model", std::string("unknown"));
-    llama_params["prompt"]            = formatted_prompt;
-    llama_params["cache_prompt"]      = json_value(body, "cache_prompt", false);
-    llama_params["temperature"]       = json_value(body, "temperature", 0.0);
-    llama_params["top_k"]             = json_value(body, "top_k", default_sparams.top_k);
-    llama_params["top_p"]             = json_value(body, "top_p", 1.0);
-    llama_params["n_predict"]         = json_value(body, "max_tokens", -1);
-    llama_params["logit_bias"]        = json_value(body, "logit_bias",json::object());
-    llama_params["frequency_penalty"] = json_value(body, "frequency_penalty", 0.0);
-    llama_params["presence_penalty"]  = json_value(body, "presence_penalty", 0.0);
-    llama_params["seed"]              = json_value(body, "seed", LLAMA_DEFAULT_SEED);
-    llama_params["stream"]            = json_value(body, "stream", false);
-    llama_params["mirostat"]          = json_value(body, "mirostat", default_sparams.mirostat);
-    llama_params["mirostat_tau"]      = json_value(body, "mirostat_tau", default_sparams.mirostat_tau);
-    llama_params["mirostat_eta"]      = json_value(body, "mirostat_eta", default_sparams.mirostat_eta);
-    llama_params["penalize_nl"]       = json_value(body, "penalize_nl", default_sparams.penalize_nl);
-    llama_params["typical_p"]         = json_value(body, "typical_p", default_sparams.typical_p);
-    llama_params["repeat_last_n"]     = json_value(body, "repeat_last_n", default_sparams.penalty_last_n);
-    llama_params["ignore_eos"]        = json_value(body, "ignore_eos", false);
-    llama_params["tfs_z"]             = json_value(body, "tfs_z", default_sparams.tfs_z);
-
-    if (body.count("grammar") != 0) {
-        llama_params["grammar"] = json_value(body, "grammar", json::object());
-    }
-
-    // Handle 'stop' field
-    if (body.contains("stop") && body["stop"].is_string()) {
-        llama_params["stop"] = json::array({body["stop"].get<std::string>()});
-    } else {
-        llama_params["stop"] = json_value(body, "stop", json::array());
-    }
-
-    // Ensure there is ChatML-specific end sequence among stop words
-    llama_params["stop"].push_back("<|im_end|>");
-
-    return llama_params;
-}
-
-inline static json format_final_response_oaicompat(const json &request, const task_result &response, bool streaming = false)
-{
-    json result = response.result_json;
-
-    bool stopped_word        = result.count("stopped_word") != 0;
-    bool stopped_eos         = json_value(result, "stopped_eos", false);
-    int num_tokens_predicted = json_value(result, "tokens_predicted", 0);
-    int num_prompt_tokens    = json_value(result, "tokens_evaluated", 0);
-    std::string content      = json_value(result, "content", std::string(""));
-
-    std::string finish_reason = "length";
-    if (stopped_word || stopped_eos) {
-        finish_reason = "stop";
-    }
-
-    json choices =
-        streaming ? json::array({json{{"finish_reason", finish_reason},
-                                        {"index", 0},
-                                        {"delta", json::object()}}})
-                  : json::array({json{{"finish_reason", finish_reason},
-                                        {"index", 0},
-                                        {"message", json{{"content", content},
-                                                         {"role", "assistant"}}}}});
-
-    std::time_t t = std::time(0);
-
-    json res =
-        json{{"choices", choices},
-            {"created", t},
-            {"model",
-                json_value(request, "model", std::string(DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL))},
-            {"object", streaming ? "chat.completion.chunk" : "chat.completion"},
-            {"usage",
-                json{{"completion_tokens", num_tokens_predicted},
-                     {"prompt_tokens",     num_prompt_tokens},
-                     {"total_tokens",      num_tokens_predicted + num_prompt_tokens}}},
-            {"id", gen_chatcmplid()}};
-
-    if (server_verbose) {
-        res["__verbose"] = result;
-    }
-
-    if (result.contains("completion_probabilities")) {
-        res["completion_probabilities"] = json_value(result, "completion_probabilities", json::array());
-    }
-
-    return res;
-}
-
-// return value is vector as there is one case where we might need to generate two responses
-inline static std::vector<json> format_partial_response_oaicompat(const task_result &response) {
-    json result = response.result_json;
-
-    if (!result.contains("model") || !result.contains("oaicompat_token_ctr")) {
-        return std::vector<json>({response.result_json});
-    }
-
-    bool first = json_value(result, "oaicompat_token_ctr", 0) == 0;
-    std::string modelname = json_value(result, "model", std::string(DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL));
-
-    bool stopped_word   = json_value(result, "stopped_word", false);
-    bool stopped_eos    = json_value(result, "stopped_eos", false);
-    bool stopped_limit  = json_value(result, "stopped_limit", false);
-    std::string content = json_value(result, "content", std::string(""));
-
-    std::string finish_reason;
-    if (stopped_word || stopped_eos) {
-        finish_reason = "stop";
-    }
-    if (stopped_limit) {
-        finish_reason = "length";
-    }
-
-    std::time_t t = std::time(0);
-
-    json choices;
-
-    if (!finish_reason.empty()) {
-        choices = json::array({json{{"finish_reason", finish_reason},
-                                    {"index", 0},
-                                    {"delta", json::object()}}});
-    } else {
-        if (first) {
-            if (content.empty()) {
-                choices = json::array({json{{"finish_reason", nullptr},
-                                            {"index", 0},
-                                            {"delta", json{{"role", "assistant"}}}}});
-            } else {
-                // We have to send this as two updates to conform to openai behavior
-                json initial_ret = json{{"choices", json::array({json{
-                                        {"finish_reason", nullptr},
-                                        {"index", 0},
-                                        {"delta", json{
-                                            {"role", "assistant"}
-                                        }}}})},
-                            {"created", t},
-                            {"id", gen_chatcmplid()},
-                            {"model", modelname},
-                            {"object", "chat.completion.chunk"}};
-
-                json second_ret = json{
-                            {"choices", json::array({json{{"finish_reason", nullptr},
-                                                            {"index", 0},
-                                                            {"delta", json{
-                                                            {"content", content}}}
-                                                            }})},
-                            {"created", t},
-                            {"id", gen_chatcmplid()},
-                            {"model", modelname},
-                            {"object", "chat.completion.chunk"}};
-
-                return std::vector<json>({initial_ret, second_ret});
-            }
-        } else {
-            // Some idiosyncrasy in task processing logic makes several trailing calls
-            // with empty content, we ignore these at the calee site.
-            if (content.empty()) {
-                return std::vector<json>({json::object()});
-            }
-
-            choices = json::array({json{
-                {"finish_reason", nullptr},
-                {"index", 0},
-                {"delta",
-                json{
-                    {"content", content},
-                }},
-            }});
-        }
-    }
-
-    json ret = json{{"choices", choices},
-                    {"created", t},
-                    {"id", gen_chatcmplid()},
-                    {"model", modelname},
-                    {"object", "chat.completion.chunk"}};
-
-    return std::vector<json>({ret});
-}
-
-inline static json format_embeddings_response_oaicompat(const json &request, const json &embeddings)
-{
-    json res =
-        json{
-            {"model", json_value(request, "model", std::string(DEFAULT_OAICOMPAT_MODEL))},
-            {"object", "list"},
-            {"usage",
-                json{{"prompt_tokens", 0},
-                     {"total_tokens", 0}}},
-            {"data", embeddings}
-        };
-    return res;
-}
-
--- a/examples/server/public/completion.js
+++ b/examples/server/public/completion.js
@@ -195,8 +195,7 @@ export const llamaComplete = async (params, controller, callback) => {
 // Get the model info from the server. This is useful for getting the context window and so on.
 export const llamaModelInfo = async () => {
  if (!generation_settings) {
-    const props = await fetch("/props").then(r => r.json());
-    generation_settings = props.default_generation_settings;
+    generation_settings = await fetch("/model.json").then(r => r.json());
  }
  return generation_settings;
 }
--- a/examples/server/server.cpp
+++ b/examples/server/server.cpp
--- a/examples/server/utils.hpp
+++ b/examples/server/utils.hpp
@@ -1,538 +0,0 @@
-#pragma once
-
-#include <string>
-#include <vector>
-#include <set>
-#include <mutex>
-#include <condition_variable>
-#include <unordered_map>
-
-#include "json.hpp"
-
-#include "../llava/clip.h"
-
-using json = nlohmann::json;
-
-extern bool server_verbose;
-
-#ifndef SERVER_VERBOSE
-#define SERVER_VERBOSE 1
-#endif
-
-#if SERVER_VERBOSE != 1
-#define LOG_VERBOSE(MSG, ...)
-#else
-#define LOG_VERBOSE(MSG, ...)                                            \
-    do                                                                   \
-    {                                                                    \
-        if (server_verbose)                                              \
-        {                                                                \
-            server_log("VERBOSE", __func__, __LINE__, MSG, __VA_ARGS__); \
-        }                                                                \
-    } while (0)
-#endif
-
-#define LOG_ERROR(  MSG, ...) server_log("ERROR",   __func__, __LINE__, MSG, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define LOG_WARNING(MSG, ...) server_log("WARNING", __func__, __LINE__, MSG, __VA_ARGS__)
-#define LOG_INFO(   MSG, ...) server_log("INFO",    __func__, __LINE__, MSG, __VA_ARGS__)
-
-//
-// parallel
-//
-
-enum server_state {
-    SERVER_STATE_LOADING_MODEL,  // Server is starting up, model not fully loaded yet
-    SERVER_STATE_READY,          // Server is ready and model is loaded
-    SERVER_STATE_ERROR           // An error occurred, load_model failed
-};
-
-enum task_type {
-    TASK_TYPE_COMPLETION,
-    TASK_TYPE_CANCEL,
-    TASK_TYPE_NEXT_RESPONSE
-};
-
-struct task_server {
-    int id = -1; // to be filled by llama_server_queue
-    int target_id;
-    task_type type;
-    json data;
-    bool infill_mode = false;
-    bool embedding_mode = false;
-    int multitask_id = -1;
-};
-
-struct task_result {
-    int id;
-    int multitask_id = -1;
-    bool stop;
-    bool error;
-    json result_json;
-};
-
-struct task_multi {
-    int id;
-    std::set<int> subtasks_remaining{};
-    std::vector<task_result> results{};
-};
-
-// TODO: can become bool if we can't find use of more states
-enum slot_state
-{
-    IDLE,
-    PROCESSING,
-};
-
-enum slot_command
-{
-    NONE,
-    LOAD_PROMPT,
-    RELEASE,
-};
-
-struct slot_params
-{
-    bool stream       = true;
-    bool cache_prompt = false; // remember the prompt to avoid reprocessing all prompt
-
-    uint32_t seed      = -1; // RNG seed
-    int32_t  n_keep    =  0; // number of tokens to keep from initial prompt
-    int32_t  n_predict = -1; // new tokens to predict
-
-    std::vector<std::string> antiprompt;
-
-    json input_prefix;
-    json input_suffix;
-};
-
-struct slot_image
-{
-    int32_t id;
-
-    bool request_encode_image = false;
-    float * image_embedding = nullptr;
-    int32_t image_tokens = 0;
-
-    clip_image_u8 * img_data;
-
-    std::string prefix_prompt; // before of this image
-};
-
-// completion token output with probabilities
-struct completion_token_output
-{
-    struct token_prob
-    {
-        llama_token tok;
-        float prob;
-    };
-
-    std::vector<token_prob> probs;
-    llama_token tok;
-    std::string text_to_send;
-};
-
-static inline void server_log(const char *level, const char *function, int line,
-                       const char *message, const nlohmann::ordered_json &extra)
-{
-    nlohmann::ordered_json log
-    {
-        {"timestamp", time(nullptr)},
-        {"level",     level},
-        {"function",  function},
-        {"line",      line},
-        {"message",   message},
-    };
-
-    if (!extra.empty())
-    {
-        log.merge_patch(extra);
-    }
-
-    const std::string str = log.dump(-1, ' ', false, json::error_handler_t::replace);
-    printf("%.*s\n", (int)str.size(), str.data());
-    fflush(stdout);
-}
-
-//
-// server utils
-//
-
-template <typename T>
-static T json_value(const json &body, const std::string &key, const T &default_value)
-{
-    // Fallback null to default value
-    return body.contains(key) && !body.at(key).is_null()
-        ? body.value(key, default_value)
-        : default_value;
-}
-
-inline std::string format_llama2(std::vector<json> messages)
-{
-    std::ostringstream output;
-    bool is_inside_turn = false;
-
-    for (auto it = messages.begin(); it != messages.end(); ++it) {
-        if (!is_inside_turn) {
-            output << "[INST] ";
-        }
-        std::string role    = json_value(*it, "role", std::string("user"));
-        std::string content = json_value(*it, "content", std::string(""));
-        if (role == "system") {
-            output << "<<SYS>>\n" << content << "\n<<SYS>>\n\n";
-            is_inside_turn = true;
-        } else if (role == "user") {
-            output << content << " [/INST]";
-            is_inside_turn = true;
-        } else {
-            output << " " << content << " </s>";
-            is_inside_turn = false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    LOG_VERBOSE("format_llama2", {{"text", output.str()}});
-
-    return output.str();
-}
-
-inline std::string format_chatml(std::vector<json> messages)
-{
-    std::ostringstream chatml_msgs;
-
-    for (auto it = messages.begin(); it != messages.end(); ++it) {
-        chatml_msgs << "<|im_start|>"
-                    << json_value(*it, "role",    std::string("user")) << '\n';
-        chatml_msgs << json_value(*it, "content", std::string(""))
-                    << "<|im_end|>\n";
-    }
-
-    chatml_msgs << "<|im_start|>assistant" << '\n';
-
-    LOG_VERBOSE("format_chatml", {{"text", chatml_msgs.str()}});
-
-    return chatml_msgs.str();
-}
-
-//
-// work queue utils
-//
-
-struct llama_server_queue {
-    int id = 0;
-    std::mutex mutex_tasks;
-    // queues
-    std::vector<task_server> queue_tasks;
-    std::vector<task_server> queue_tasks_deferred;
-    std::vector<task_multi> queue_multitasks;
-    std::condition_variable condition_tasks;
-    // callback functions
-    std::function<void(task_server&)> callback_new_task;
-    std::function<void(task_multi&)> callback_finish_multitask;
-    std::function<void(void)> callback_all_task_finished;
-
-    // Add a new task to the end of the queue
-    int post(task_server task) {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-        if (task.id == -1) {
-            task.id = id++;
-        }
-        queue_tasks.push_back(std::move(task));
-        condition_tasks.notify_one();
-        return task.id;
-    }
-
-    // Add a new task, but defer until one slot is available
-    void defer(task_server task) {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-        queue_tasks_deferred.push_back(std::move(task));
-    }
-
-    // Get the next id for creating anew task
-    int get_new_id() {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-        return id++;
-    }
-
-    // Register function to process a new task
-    void on_new_task(std::function<void(task_server&)> callback) {
-        callback_new_task = callback;
-    }
-
-    // Register function to process a multitask
-    void on_finish_multitask(std::function<void(task_multi&)> callback) {
-        callback_finish_multitask = callback;
-    }
-
-    // Register the function to be called when the batch of tasks is finished
-    void on_all_tasks_finished(std::function<void(void)> callback) {
-        callback_all_task_finished = callback;
-    }
-
-    // Call when the state of one slot is changed
-    void notify_slot_changed() {
-        // move deferred tasks back to main loop
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-        for (auto & task : queue_tasks_deferred) {
-            queue_tasks.push_back(std::move(task));
-        }
-        queue_tasks_deferred.clear();
-    }
-
-    // Start the main loop. This call is blocking
-    [[noreturn]]
-    void start_loop() {
-        while (true) {
-            // new task arrived
-            LOG_VERBOSE("have new task", {});
-            {
-                while (true)
-                {
-                    std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-                    if (queue_tasks.empty()) {
-                        lock.unlock();
-                        break;
-                    }
-                    task_server task = queue_tasks.front();
-                    queue_tasks.erase(queue_tasks.begin());
-                    lock.unlock();
-                    LOG_VERBOSE("callback_new_task", {});
-                    callback_new_task(task);
-                }
-                LOG_VERBOSE("callback_all_task_finished", {});
-                // process and update all the multitasks
-                auto queue_iterator = queue_multitasks.begin();
-                while (queue_iterator != queue_multitasks.end())
-                {
-                    if (queue_iterator->subtasks_remaining.empty())
-                    {
-                        // all subtasks done == multitask is done
-                        task_multi current_multitask = *queue_iterator;
-                        callback_finish_multitask(current_multitask);
-                        // remove this multitask
-                        queue_iterator = queue_multitasks.erase(queue_iterator);
-                    }
-                    else
-                    {
-                        ++queue_iterator;
-                    }
-                }
-                // all tasks in the current loop is finished
-                callback_all_task_finished();
-            }
-            LOG_VERBOSE("wait for new task", {});
-            // wait for new task
-            {
-                std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-                if (queue_tasks.empty()) {
-                    condition_tasks.wait(lock, [&]{
-                        return !queue_tasks.empty();
-                    });
-                }
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    //
-    // functions to manage multitasks
-    //
-
-    // add a multitask by specifying the id of all subtask (subtask is a task_server)
-    void add_multitask(int multitask_id, std::vector<int>& sub_ids)
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-        task_multi multi;
-        multi.id = multitask_id;
-        std::copy(sub_ids.begin(), sub_ids.end(), std::inserter(multi.subtasks_remaining, multi.subtasks_remaining.end()));
-        queue_multitasks.push_back(multi);
-    }
-
-    // updatethe remaining subtasks, while appending results to multitask
-    void update_multitask(int multitask_id, int subtask_id, task_result& result)
-    {
-        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lock(mutex_tasks);
-        for (auto& multitask : queue_multitasks)
-        {
-            if (multitask.id == multitask_id)
-            {
-                multitask.subtasks_remaining.erase(subtask_id);
-                multitask.results.push_back(result);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-struct llama_server_response {
-    typedef std::function<void(int, int, task_result&)> callback_multitask_t;
-    callback_multitask_t callback_update_multitask;
-    // for keeping track of all tasks waiting for the result
-    std::set<int> waiting_task_ids;
-    // the main result queue
-    std::vector<task_result> queue_results;
-    std::mutex mutex_results;
-    std::condition_variable condition_results;
-
-    void add_waiting_task_id(int task_id) {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_results);
-        waiting_task_ids.insert(task_id);
-    }
-
-    void remove_waiting_task_id(int task_id) {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_results);
-        waiting_task_ids.erase(task_id);
-    }
-
-    // This function blocks the thread until there is a response for this task_id
-    task_result recv(int task_id) {
-        while (true)
-        {
-            std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_results);
-            condition_results.wait(lock, [&]{
-                return !queue_results.empty();
-            });
-            LOG_VERBOSE("condition_results unblock", {});
-
-            for (int i = 0; i < (int) queue_results.size(); i++)
-            {
-                if (queue_results[i].id == task_id)
-                {
-                    assert(queue_results[i].multitask_id == -1);
-                    task_result res = queue_results[i];
-                    queue_results.erase(queue_results.begin() + i);
-                    return res;
-                }
-            }
-        }
-
-        // should never reach here
-    }
-
-    // Register the function to update multitask
-    void on_multitask_update(callback_multitask_t callback) {
-        callback_update_multitask = callback;
-    }
-
-    // Send a new result to a waiting task_id
-    void send(task_result result) {
-        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lock(mutex_results);
-        LOG_VERBOSE("send new result", {});
-        for (auto& task_id : waiting_task_ids) {
-            // LOG_TEE("waiting task id %i \n", task_id);
-            // for now, tasks that have associated parent multitasks just get erased once multitask picks up the result
-            if (result.multitask_id == task_id)
-            {
-                LOG_VERBOSE("callback_update_multitask", {});
-                callback_update_multitask(task_id, result.id, result);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            if (result.id == task_id)
-            {
-                LOG_VERBOSE("queue_results.push_back", {});
-                queue_results.push_back(result);
-                condition_results.notify_one();
-                return;
-            }
-        }
-    }
-};
-
-//
-// base64 utils (TODO: move to common in the future)
-//
-
-static const std::string base64_chars =
-             "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ"
-             "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-             "0123456789+/";
-
-static inline bool is_base64(uint8_t c)
-{
-    return (isalnum(c) || (c == '+') || (c == '/'));
-}
-
-static inline std::vector<uint8_t> base64_decode(const std::string & encoded_string)
-{
-    int i = 0;
-    int j = 0;
-    int in_ = 0;
-
-    int in_len = encoded_string.size();
-
-    uint8_t char_array_4[4];
-    uint8_t char_array_3[3];
-
-    std::vector<uint8_t> ret;
-
-    while (in_len-- && (encoded_string[in_] != '=') && is_base64(encoded_string[in_]))
-    {
-        char_array_4[i++] = encoded_string[in_]; in_++;
-        if (i == 4)
-        {
-            for (i = 0; i <4; i++)
-            {
-                char_array_4[i] = base64_chars.find(char_array_4[i]);
-            }
-
-            char_array_3[0] = ((char_array_4[0]      ) << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
-            char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
-            char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) +   char_array_4[3];
-
-            for (i = 0; (i < 3); i++)
-            {
-                ret.push_back(char_array_3[i]);
-            }
-            i = 0;
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (i)
-    {
-        for (j = i; j <4; j++)
-        {
-            char_array_4[j] = 0;
-        }
-
-        for (j = 0; j <4; j++)
-        {
-            char_array_4[j] = base64_chars.find(char_array_4[j]);
-        }
-
-        char_array_3[0] = ((char_array_4[0]      ) << 2) + ((char_array_4[1] & 0x30) >> 4);
-        char_array_3[1] = ((char_array_4[1] & 0xf) << 4) + ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3c) >> 2);
-        char_array_3[2] = ((char_array_4[2] & 0x3) << 6) +   char_array_4[3];
-
-        for (j = 0; (j < i - 1); j++)
-        {
-            ret.push_back(char_array_3[j]);
-        }
-    }
-
-    return ret;
-}
-
-//
-// random string / id
-//
-
-static std::string random_string()
-{
-    static const std::string str("0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz");
-
-    std::random_device rd;
-    std::mt19937 generator(rd());
-
-    std::string result(32, ' ');
-
-    for (int i = 0; i < 32; ++i) {
-        result[i] = str[generator() % str.size()];
-    }
-
-    return result;
-}
-
-static std::string gen_chatcmplid()
-{
-    std::stringstream chatcmplid;
-    chatcmplid << "chatcmpl-" << random_string();
-    return chatcmplid.str();
-}
--- a/examples/simple/simple.cpp
+++ b/examples/simple/simple.cpp
@@ -31,8 +31,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    // init LLM

-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    // initialize the model

--- a/examples/speculative/speculative.cpp
+++ b/examples/speculative/speculative.cpp
@@ -50,8 +50,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
 #endif // LOG_DISABLE_LOGS

    // init llama.cpp
-    llama_backend_init();
-    llama_numa_init(params.numa);
+    llama_backend_init(params.numa);

    llama_model * model_tgt = NULL;
    llama_model * model_dft = NULL;
--- a/examples/sycl/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/examples/sycl/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,9 +0,0 @@
-#  MIT license
-#  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
-#  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-set(TARGET ls-sycl-device)
-add_executable(${TARGET} ls-sycl-device.cpp)
-install(TARGETS ${TARGET} RUNTIME)
-target_link_libraries(${TARGET} PRIVATE common llama ${CMAKE_THREAD_LIBS_INIT})
-target_compile_features(${TARGET} PRIVATE cxx_std_17)
--- a/examples/sycl/README.md
+++ b/examples/sycl/README.md
@@ -1,47 +0,0 @@
-# llama.cpp/example/sycl
-
-This example program provide the tools for llama.cpp for SYCL on Intel GPU.
-
-## Tool
-
-|Tool Name| Function|Status|
-|-|-|-|
-|ls-sycl-device| List all SYCL devices with ID, compute capability, max work group size, ect.|Support|
-
-### ls-sycl-device
-
-List all SYCL devices with ID, compute capability, max work group size, ect.
-
-1. Build the llama.cpp for SYCL for all targets.
-
-2. Enable oneAPI running environment
-
-```
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-```
-
-3. Execute
-
-```
-./build/bin/ls-sycl-device
-```
-
-Check the ID in startup log, like:
-
-```
-found 4 SYCL devices:
-  Device 0: Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics,	compute capability 1.3,
-    max compute_units 512,	max work group size 1024,	max sub group size 32,	global mem size 16225243136
-  Device 1: Intel(R) FPGA Emulation Device,	compute capability 1.2,
-    max compute_units 24,	max work group size 67108864,	max sub group size 64,	global mem size 67065057280
-  Device 2: 13th Gen Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-13700K,	compute capability 3.0,
-    max compute_units 24,	max work group size 8192,	max sub group size 64,	global mem size 67065057280
-  Device 3: Intel(R) Arc(TM) A770 Graphics,	compute capability 3.0,
-    max compute_units 512,	max work group size 1024,	max sub group size 32,	global mem size 16225243136
-
-```
-
-|Attribute|Note|
-|-|-|
-|compute capability 1.3|Level-zero running time, recommended |
-|compute capability 3.0|OpenCL running time, slower than level-zero in most cases|
--- a/examples/sycl/build.sh
+++ b/examples/sycl/build.sh
@@ -1,20 +0,0 @@
-
-#  MIT license
-#  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
-#  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-mkdir -p build
-cd build
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-
-#for FP16
-#cmake .. -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx -DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON # faster for long-prompt inference
-
-#for FP32
-cmake .. -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icpx
-
-#build example/main only
-#cmake --build . --config Release --target main
-
-#build all binary
-cmake --build . --config Release -v
--- a/examples/sycl/ls-sycl-device.cpp
+++ b/examples/sycl/ls-sycl-device.cpp
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-//
-//  MIT license
-//  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
-//  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-//
-
-
-#include "ggml-sycl.h"
-
-int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
-    ggml_backend_sycl_print_sycl_devices();
-    return 0;
-}
--- a/examples/sycl/run-llama2.sh
+++ b/examples/sycl/run-llama2.sh
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-#!/bin/bash
-
-#  MIT license
-#  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
-#  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-INPUT2="Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:"
-source /opt/intel/oneapi/setvars.sh
-
-if [ $# -gt 0 ]; then
-    export GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=$1
-else
-    export GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=0
-fi
-echo GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=$GGML_SYCL_DEVICE
-#export GGML_SYCL_DEBUG=1
-./build/bin/main -m models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "${INPUT2}" -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -s 0
-#./build/bin/main -m models/llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p "${INPUT2}" -n 5 -e -ngl 33 -t 1 -s 0
-
--- a/examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat
+++ b/examples/sycl/win-build-sycl.bat
@@ -1,23 +0,0 @@
-
-::  MIT license
-::  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
-::  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-mkdir -p build
-cd build
-@call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" intel64 --force
-
-::  for FP16
-::  faster for long-prompt inference
-::  cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..  -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release -DLLAMA_SYCL_F16=ON
-
-::  for FP32
-cmake -G "MinGW Makefiles" ..  -DLLAMA_SYCL=ON -DCMAKE_C_COMPILER=icx -DCMAKE_CXX_COMPILER=icx  -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release
-
-
-::  build example/main only
-::  make main
-
-::  build all binary
-make -j
-cd ..
--- a/examples/sycl/win-run-llama2.bat
+++ b/examples/sycl/win-run-llama2.bat
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-::  MIT license
-::  Copyright (C) 2024 Intel Corporation
-::  SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
-
-set INPUT2="Building a website can be done in 10 simple steps:\nStep 1:"
-@call "C:\Program Files (x86)\Intel\oneAPI\setvars.bat" intel64 --force
-
-
-set GGML_SYCL_DEVICE=0
-rem set GGML_SYCL_DEBUG=1
-.\build\bin\main.exe -m models\llama-2-7b.Q4_0.gguf -p %INPUT2% -n 400 -e -ngl 33 -s 0
-
-
--- a/examples/tokenize/tokenize.cpp
+++ b/examples/tokenize/tokenize.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {

    const bool printing_ids = argc > 3 && std::string(argv[3]) == "--ids";

-    llama_backend_init();
+    llama_backend_init(false);

    llama_model_params model_params = llama_model_default_params();
    model_params.vocab_only = true;
--- a/examples/train-text-from-scratch/train-text-from-scratch.cpp
+++ b/examples/train-text-from-scratch/train-text-from-scratch.cpp
@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 #include "ggml.h"
 #include "ggml-alloc.h"
-#include "ggml-backend.h"
 #include "common.h"
 #include "train.h"
 #include "llama.h"
@@ -20,6 +19,8 @@
 #pragma warning(disable: 4244 4267) // possible loss of data
 #endif

+static const size_t tensor_alignment = 32;
+
 struct my_llama_hparams {
    uint32_t n_vocab = 32000;
    uint32_t n_ctx   = 512;
@@ -50,14 +51,14 @@ struct my_llama_layer {
    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_norm;

    // ff
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_gate; // w1
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_down; // w2
-    struct ggml_tensor * ffn_up;   // w3
+    struct ggml_tensor * w1;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w2;
+    struct ggml_tensor * w3;
 };

 struct my_llama_model {
    struct ggml_context * ctx = NULL;
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t data = NULL;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> data;

    my_llama_hparams hparams;

@@ -140,9 +141,42 @@ static void set_param_model(struct my_llama_model * model) {
        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wv);
        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.wo);
        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_norm);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_gate);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_down);
-        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.ffn_up);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w1);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w2);
+        ggml_set_param(ctx, layer.w3);
+    }
+}
+
+static void alloc_model(struct ggml_allocr * alloc, struct my_llama_model * model) {
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, model->tok_embeddings);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, model->norm);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, model->output);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < model->layers.size(); ++i) {
+        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.attention_norm);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wq);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wk);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wv);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wo);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.ffn_norm);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w1);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w2);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w3);
+    }
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, model->tok_embeddings->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, model->norm->grad);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, model->output->grad);
+    for (uint32_t i = 0; i < model->layers.size(); ++i) {
+        auto & layer = model->layers[i];
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.attention_norm->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wq->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wk->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wv->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.wo->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.ffn_norm->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w1->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w2->grad);
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, layer.w3->grad);
    }
 }

@@ -198,9 +232,9 @@ static void init_model(struct my_llama_model * model) {

        layer.ffn_norm = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd);

-        layer.ffn_gate = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);
-        layer.ffn_down = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_ff, n_embd);
-        layer.ffn_up   = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);
+        layer.w1 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);
+        layer.w2 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32,   n_ff, n_embd);
+        layer.w3 = ggml_new_tensor_2d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_embd,   n_ff);

        ggml_set_name(layer.attention_norm, tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_NORM, i));

@@ -211,15 +245,25 @@ static void init_model(struct my_llama_model * model) {

        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_norm,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, i));

-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_gate,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_down,       tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, i));
-        ggml_set_name(layer.ffn_up,         tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w1,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w2,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, i));
+        ggml_set_name(layer.w3,             tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, i));
    }

    set_param_model(model);

+    // measure data size
+    size_t size = 0;
+    for (struct ggml_tensor * t = ggml_get_first_tensor(ctx); t != NULL; t = ggml_get_next_tensor(ctx, t)) {
+        size += GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(t), tensor_alignment);
+    }
+
    // allocate data
-    model->data = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx, ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+    struct ggml_allocr * alloc = NULL;
+    model->data.resize(size + tensor_alignment);
+    alloc = ggml_allocr_new(model->data.data(), model->data.size(), tensor_alignment);
+    alloc_model(alloc, model);
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
 }

 static void randomize_model(struct my_llama_model * model, int seed, float mean, float std, float min, float max) {
@@ -244,9 +288,9 @@ static void randomize_model(struct my_llama_model * model, int seed, float mean,

        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_norm, rnd);

-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_gate, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_down, rnd);
-        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.ffn_up,   rnd);
+        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w1, rnd);
+        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w2, rnd);
+        randomize_tensor_normal(layer.w3, rnd);
    }

    free_random_normal_distribution(rnd);
@@ -254,7 +298,7 @@ static void randomize_model(struct my_llama_model * model, int seed, float mean,

 static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_train_graphs(
        struct my_llama_model * model,
-        ggml_gallocr_t          alloc,
+        struct ggml_allocr    * alloc,
        struct ggml_context   * ctx,
        struct ggml_cgraph    * gf,
        struct ggml_cgraph    * gb,
@@ -265,8 +309,7 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_train_graphs(
        const  int              n_tokens,
        const  int              n_batch,
        const  bool             enable_flash_attn,
-        const  bool             enable_checkpointing,
-        const  bool             measure_only) {
+        const  bool             enable_checkpointing) {

    ggml_set_scratch(ctx, { 0, 0, nullptr, });
    const int n_past = 0;
@@ -292,7 +335,13 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_train_graphs(

    // KQ_pos - contains the positions
    struct ggml_tensor * KQ_pos = ggml_new_tensor_1d(ctx, GGML_TYPE_I32, N);
-    ggml_set_input(KQ_pos);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, KQ_pos);
+    if (!ggml_allocr_is_measure(alloc)) {
+        int * data = (int *) KQ_pos->data;
+        for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
+            data[i] = n_past + i;
+        }
+    }

    // rope has so much parameters that we make a custom function for it
    auto rope = [ctx, KQ_pos, n_rot, n_ctx, rope_freq_base, rope_freq_scale]
@@ -356,11 +405,11 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_train_graphs(
        struct ggml_tensor * t22 = ggml_rms_norm     (ctx, t21, f_norm_rms_eps);                    set_name(t22, "t22");     assert_shape_2d(t22, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t23 = ggml_repeat       (ctx, layer.ffn_norm, t22);                    set_name(t23, "t23");     assert_shape_2d(t23, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t24 = ggml_mul          (ctx, t23, t22);                               set_name(t24, "t24");     assert_shape_2d(t24, n_embd, N*n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * t25 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, layer.ffn_up, t24);                      set_name(t25, "t25");     assert_shape_2d(t25, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * t26 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, layer.ffn_gate, t24);                    set_name(t26, "t26");     assert_shape_2d(t26, n_ff, N*n_batch);
+        struct ggml_tensor * t25 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, layer.w3, t24);                          set_name(t25, "t25");     assert_shape_2d(t25, n_ff, N*n_batch);
+        struct ggml_tensor * t26 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, layer.w1, t24);                          set_name(t26, "t26");     assert_shape_2d(t26, n_ff, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t27 = ggml_silu         (ctx, t26);                                    set_name(t27, "t27");     assert_shape_2d(t27, n_ff, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t28 = ggml_mul          (ctx, t27, t25);                               set_name(t28, "t28");     assert_shape_2d(t28, n_ff, N*n_batch);
-        struct ggml_tensor * t29 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, layer.ffn_down, t28);                    set_name(t29, "t29");     assert_shape_2d(t29, n_embd, N*n_batch);
+        struct ggml_tensor * t29 = ggml_mul_mat      (ctx, layer.w2, t28);                          set_name(t29, "t29");     assert_shape_2d(t29, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        struct ggml_tensor * t30 = ggml_add          (ctx, t29, t21);                               set_name(t30, "t30");     assert_shape_2d(t30, n_embd, N*n_batch);
        cur = t30;
        checkpoints.push_back(cur);
@@ -400,31 +449,21 @@ static struct ggml_tensor * llama_build_train_graphs(
        // KQ_pos
        ggml_build_forward_expand(gb, ggml_scale_inplace(ctx, KQ_pos, 1.0f));
        GGML_ASSERT(t36->grad->data == NULL && t36->grad->view_src == NULL);
-        ggml_set_input(t36->grad);
+
+        ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, t36->grad);

        // allocating checkpoints in one block to reduce memory fragmentation
        // note: they will be freed in reverse order
        for (int i = 0; i < (int) checkpoints.size(); ++i) {
            if (checkpoints[i]->data == NULL && checkpoints[i]->view_src == NULL) {
-                ggml_set_input(checkpoints[i]);
+                ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, checkpoints[i]);
            }
        }

        //int n_leafs_after = gb->n_leafs;
        //int n_nodes_after = gb->n_nodes;
-        if (measure_only) {
-            // FIXME: will still allocate
-            ggml_gallocr_reserve(alloc, gb);
-        } else {
-            ggml_gallocr_alloc_graph(alloc, gb);

-            if (!measure_only) {
-                int * data = (int *) KQ_pos->data;
-                for (int i = 0; i < N; ++i) {
-                    data[i] = n_past + i;
-                }
-            }
-        }
+        ggml_allocr_alloc_graph(alloc, gb);

        // remove the additional nodes and leafs
        for (int i = n_leafs_before; i < gb->n_leafs; ++i) {
@@ -521,9 +560,9 @@ static void load_llama_model_gguf(struct gguf_context * fctx, struct ggml_contex
        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.wv,             f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_V, i));
        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.wo,             f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_ATTN_OUT, i));
        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_norm,       f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_NORM, i));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_gate,       f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, i));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_down,       f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, i));
-        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.ffn_up,         f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, i));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w1,             f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_GATE, i));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w2,             f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_DOWN, i));
+        copy_tensor_by_name(layer.w3,             f_ggml_ctx, tni(LLM_TENSOR_FFN_UP, i));
    }
 }

@@ -664,9 +703,9 @@ static void save_llama_model_gguf(struct gguf_context * fctx, const char * fn_vo
        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.wv);
        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.wo);
        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_norm);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_gate);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_down);
-        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.ffn_up);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w1);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w2);
+        gguf_add_tensor(fctx, layer.w3);
    }
 }

@@ -915,9 +954,9 @@ static int64_t get_parameter_count(struct my_llama_model* model) {
        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.wv);
        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.wo);
        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_norm);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_gate);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_down);
-        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.ffn_up);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w1);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w2);
+        nx += ggml_nelements(layer.w3);
    }
    return nx;
 }
@@ -1008,7 +1047,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    printf("%s: seen train_samples     %llu\n", __func__, (long long unsigned) train->train_samples);
    printf("%s: seen train_tokens      %llu\n", __func__, (long long unsigned) train->train_tokens);
    printf("%s: completed train_epochs %llu\n", __func__, (long long unsigned) train->train_epochs);
-    printf("%s: model_size = %zu bytes (%.1f MB)\n", __func__, (ggml_used_mem(model.ctx) + ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(model.data)), (float) (ggml_used_mem(model.ctx) + ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(model.data)) / (1024.0f*1024.0f));
+    printf("%s: model_size = %zu bytes (%.1f MB)\n", __func__, (ggml_used_mem(model.ctx) + model.data.size()), (float) (ggml_used_mem(model.ctx) + model.data.size()) / (1024.0f*1024.0f));

    if (params.only_write_model) {
        save_train_files_data save_data;
@@ -1035,6 +1074,11 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    int n_vocab  = model.hparams.n_vocab;
    int n_batch  = params.common.n_batch;

+    std::vector<uint8_t> mem_input_data;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> mem_compute_data;
+
+    ggml_allocr * alloc = NULL;
+
    // context for input tensors without their data
    struct ggml_init_params ctx_input_params = {
        ggml_tensor_overhead() * 2, // mem_size
@@ -1048,11 +1092,18 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    struct ggml_tensor * target_probs  = ggml_new_tensor_3d(ctx_input, GGML_TYPE_F32, n_vocab,  n_tokens, n_batch);

    // measure required memory for input tensors
-    // allocate input tensors
-    ggml_backend_buffer_t input_data = ggml_backend_alloc_ctx_tensors_from_buft(ctx_input, ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
-    size_t max_input_size = ggml_backend_buffer_get_size(input_data);
+    size_t max_input_size = GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(tokens_input), tensor_alignment) +
+                            GGML_PAD(ggml_nbytes(target_probs), tensor_alignment) +
+                            tensor_alignment;
    printf("%s: input_size = %zu bytes (%.1f MB)\n", __func__, max_input_size, (float) max_input_size / (1024.0f*1024.0f));

+    // allocate input tensors
+    mem_input_data.resize(max_input_size);
+    alloc = ggml_allocr_new(mem_input_data.data(), mem_input_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, tokens_input);
+    ggml_allocr_alloc(alloc, target_probs);
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
+
    // context for compute tensors without their data
    const size_t estimated_compute_size_wo_data = (
            2*LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES*ggml_tensor_overhead() +
@@ -1078,7 +1129,7 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
    // find best evaluation order
    for (unsigned order = 0; order < (unsigned) GGML_CGRAPH_EVAL_ORDER_COUNT; ++order) {
        ctx_compute = ggml_init(ctx_compute_params);
-        ggml_gallocr_t alloc = ggml_gallocr_new(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+        alloc = ggml_allocr_new_measure(tensor_alignment);
        gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
        gf->order = (enum ggml_cgraph_eval_order) order;
        gb = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
@@ -1091,14 +1142,14 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
            &logits, tokens_input, target_probs,
            n_tokens, n_batch,
            params.common.use_flash,
-            params.common.use_checkpointing,
-            true
+            params.common.use_checkpointing
        );
-        size_t max_compute_size = ggml_gallocr_get_buffer_size(alloc, 0); // FIXME: this will still allocate the buffer
+        size_t max_compute_size = ggml_allocr_max_size(alloc) + tensor_alignment;
        if (max_compute_size < best_compute_size) {
            best_compute_size = max_compute_size;
            best_order = gf->order;
        }
+        ggml_allocr_free(alloc);
        ggml_free(ctx_compute);
    }
    size_t max_compute_size = best_compute_size;
@@ -1109,8 +1160,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        "invalid");

    // allocate compute tensors
+    mem_compute_data.resize(max_compute_size);
    ctx_compute = ggml_init(ctx_compute_params);
-    ggml_gallocr_t alloc = ggml_gallocr_new(ggml_backend_cpu_buffer_type());
+    alloc = ggml_allocr_new(mem_compute_data.data(), mem_compute_data.size(), tensor_alignment);
    gf = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
    gf->order = best_order;
    gb = ggml_new_graph_custom(ctx_compute, LLAMA_TRAIN_MAX_NODES, true);
@@ -1123,9 +1175,9 @@ int main(int argc, char ** argv) {
        &logits, tokens_input, target_probs,
        n_tokens, n_batch,
        params.common.use_flash,
-        params.common.use_checkpointing,
-        false
+        params.common.use_checkpointing
    );
+    ggml_allocr_free(alloc);

    std::vector<llama_token> train_tokens;
    std::vector<size_t> train_samples_begin;
--- a/flake.lock
+++ b/flake.lock
@@ -5,11 +5,11 @@
        "nixpkgs-lib": "nixpkgs-lib"
      },
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1706830856,
-        "narHash": "sha256-a0NYyp+h9hlb7ddVz4LUn1vT/PLwqfrWYcHMvFB1xYg=",
+        "lastModified": 1704982712,
+        "narHash": "sha256-2Ptt+9h8dczgle2Oo6z5ni5rt/uLMG47UFTR1ry/wgg=",
        "owner": "hercules-ci",
        "repo": "flake-parts",
-        "rev": "b253292d9c0a5ead9bc98c4e9a26c6312e27d69f",
+        "rev": "07f6395285469419cf9d078f59b5b49993198c00",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -20,11 +20,11 @@
    },
    "nixpkgs": {
      "locked": {
-        "lastModified": 1707268954,
-        "narHash": "sha256-2en1kvde3cJVc3ZnTy8QeD2oKcseLFjYPLKhIGDanQ0=",
+        "lastModified": 1705133751,
+        "narHash": "sha256-rCIsyE80jgiOU78gCWN3A0wE0tR2GI5nH6MlS+HaaSQ=",
        "owner": "NixOS",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "f8e2ebd66d097614d51a56a755450d4ae1632df1",
+        "rev": "9b19f5e77dd906cb52dade0b7bd280339d2a1f3d",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
@@ -37,11 +37,11 @@
    "nixpkgs-lib": {
      "locked": {
        "dir": "lib",
-        "lastModified": 1706550542,
-        "narHash": "sha256-UcsnCG6wx++23yeER4Hg18CXWbgNpqNXcHIo5/1Y+hc=",
+        "lastModified": 1703961334,
+        "narHash": "sha256-M1mV/Cq+pgjk0rt6VxoyyD+O8cOUiai8t9Q6Yyq4noY=",
        "owner": "NixOS",
        "repo": "nixpkgs",
-        "rev": "97b17f32362e475016f942bbdfda4a4a72a8a652",
+        "rev": "b0d36bd0a420ecee3bc916c91886caca87c894e9",
        "type": "github"
      },
      "original": {
--- a/Show More
+++ b/Show More